Vehicle sound insulation structure and vehicle
By designing foam boards with integrated foaming materials in the vehicle, enclosing the sound insulation chamber to isolate noise from the sound source propagation path, the problem of insufficient vehicle noise reduction effect in the prior art is solved, and a more efficient noise isolation effect is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422043970.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-24
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-08-21
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, there is still room for improvement in the noise reduction effect of vehicles, especially in the sound absorption structure design inside and outside the car.
A vehicle sound insulation structure is designed. By integrating the side interior panels, door interior panels, ceiling interior panels, carpet interior panels and front panels into foamed plates, and integrating these panels into the driving sound insulation chamber to directly isolate noise from the sound source transmission path.
It effectively improves the vehicle's noise isolation effect. Compared with setting up a sound-absorbing structure in the passenger compartment, this method directly isolates noise on the noise propagation path, avoiding the sound entering and then absorbing it.
Smart Images
Figure CN223014528U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of vehicles, and in particular to a vehicle sound insulation structure and a vehicle. Background Art
[0002] With the improvement of living standards, people have more requirements for vehicle noise. However, in related technologies, vehicle noise reduction often involves setting sound absorption structures inside or outside the vehicle compartment, and there is still room for improvement in the noise reduction effect. Summary of the Utility Model
[0003] The utility model aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. For this reason, an object of the utility model is to provide a vehicle sound insulation structure, which can isolate noise from the sound source propagation path and improve the noise isolation effect of the vehicle.
[0004] The vehicle sound insulation structure according to an embodiment of the utility model includes: a side wall interior trim panel, a door interior trim panel, a roof interior trim panel, a carpet interior trim panel, and a front bulkhead. The side wall interior trim panel, the door interior trim panel, the roof interior trim panel, the carpet interior trim panel, and the front bulkhead enclose a driving and riding sound insulation compartment. The side wall interior trim panel, the door interior trim panel, the roof interior trim panel, the carpet interior trim panel, and the front bulkhead are all foam boards integrally formed of foam materials.
[0005] According to the vehicle sound insulation structure of the embodiment of the utility model, by making the side wall interior trim panel, the door interior trim panel, the roof interior trim panel, the carpet interior trim panel, and the front bulkhead all be foam boards integrally formed of foam materials, and by the front bulkhead, the side wall interior trim panel, the door interior trim panel, the roof interior trim panel, the carpet interior trim panel, and the front bulkhead enclose a driving and riding sound insulation compartment. When the driver and passengers are riding in the vehicle, noise can be directly isolated outside the driving and riding sound insulation compartment. Compared with the related technology of setting a sound absorption structure inside the riding compartment, the vehicle sound insulation structure of the utility model can isolate noise from the sound source propagation path, rather than absorbing the sound after it enters, and can improve the noise isolation effect of the vehicle.
[0006] In addition, according to the vehicle sound insulation structure of the utility model, it may also have the following additional technical features:
[0007] In some embodiments of the utility model, the vehicle sound insulation structure further includes: a tailgate interior trim panel and a luggage compartment interior trim panel. The tailgate interior trim panel and the luggage compartment interior trim panel enclose a luggage compartment sound insulation compartment. The tailgate interior trim panel and the luggage compartment interior trim panel are both foam boards integrally formed of foam materials.
[0008] In some embodiments of the utility model, the thickness H1 of the foam board satisfies: 6mm ≤ H1 ≤ 12mm.
[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, the vehicle sound insulation structure also includes a sealing strip, which is sealingly connected to the outer periphery of the foam board, and the sealing strip has a slot facing the foam board, and the foam board has an inserting portion inserted into the slot, and the thickness of the inserting portion gradually decreases in the direction from the foam board to the sealing strip.
[0010] In some embodiments of the utility model, two adjacent foam plates are a first foam plate and a second foam plate, the first foam plate having an end facing the second foam plate with a first flange folded toward one side in the thickness direction, the second foam plate having an end facing the first foam plate with a second flange folded toward one side in the thickness direction, the first flange and the second flange are opposite to each other, wherein the first flange and the second flange are arranged in parallel.
[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, a limiting portion is formed on one of the first flange and / or the second flange, and the limiting portion is used to limit the relative position between the first flange and the second flange.
[0012] In some embodiments of the utility model, two adjacent foam plates are a first foam plate and a second foam plate, and one end of the first foam plate facing the second foam plate has a recessed portion that is concave on one side in the thickness direction, the second foam plate is overlapped in the recess, and the surface of the other side of the first foam plate is coplanar with the surface of the second foam plate facing away from the recess.
[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of clips are provided on the foam plate, and the clips are embedded in the foam plate.
[0014] In some embodiments of the utility model, a plurality of reinforcing ribs are provided on the surface of the foam plate facing the sheet metal, and the thickness H2 of the reinforcing ribs satisfies: 20 mm≦H2≦30 mm.
[0015] The utility model also provides a vehicle having the vehicle sound insulation structure of the above embodiment.
[0016] According to the vehicle of the embodiment of the utility model, by being provided with the vehicle sound insulation structure of the above embodiment, by making the side interior panels, door interior panels, ceiling interior panels, carpet interior panels and front panels all foam panels integrally formed of foam material, and by the front panel, the side interior panels, door interior panels, ceiling interior panels, carpet interior panels and front panel further enclose a driver and passenger sound insulation compartment, the noise can be directly isolated outside the driver and passenger sound insulation compartment when the driver and passengers are riding in the vehicle. Compared with the related art of setting a sound-absorbing structure in the driver and passenger compartment, the vehicle sound insulation structure of the utility model can isolate the noise from the sound source propagation path instead of absorbing the sound after the sound enters, thereby improving the vehicle's noise insulation effect.
[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of the present utility model will be given in part in the following description, become apparent in part from the following description, or be understood through the practice of the present utility model. Description of the Drawings
[0018] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present utility model will become apparent and be readily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:
[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a vehicle sound insulation structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
[0020] Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of a partial interior trim panel of a vehicle sound insulation structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of a door interior trim panel of a vehicle sound insulation structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
[0022] Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of a foamed board with reinforcing ribs and clamping parts of a vehicle sound insulation structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
[0023] Figure 5 is a schematic view of the cooperation between a partial roof interior trim panel and a partial upper C-pillar trim panel of a vehicle sound insulation structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
[0024] Figure 6 is a schematic view of the cooperation between a partial upper C-pillar trim panel and a partial lower C-pillar trim panel of a vehicle sound insulation structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
[0025] Figure 7 is a schematic view of the cooperation between a partial upper C-pillar trim panel and a partial sealing strip of a vehicle sound insulation structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
[0026] Reference Signs:
[0027] Side wall interior trim panel 1, door interior trim panel 2, roof interior trim panel 3, second flanging 31, carpet interior trim panel 41, front bulkhead 42, tailgate interior trim panel 5, luggage compartment interior trim panel 6, sealing strip 7, slot 71,
[0028] Upper C-pillar trim panel 11, first flanging 111, limiting part 112, concave part 113, lower C-pillar trim panel 12,
[0029] Clamping part 8, reinforcing rib 9, foamed board 10. Detailed Embodiments
[0030] Embodiments of the present utility model will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present utility model and should not be construed as a limitation of the present utility model.
[0031] In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation of the present utility model. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present utility model, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specifically defined.
[0032] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "mounted", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific situations.
[0033] The following refers to Figures 1-7 Describe a vehicle sound insulation structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
[0034] As Figures 1-3 shown, the vehicle sound insulation structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model includes a side interior trim panel 1, a door interior trim panel 2, a roof interior trim panel 3, a carpet interior trim panel 41, and a front bulkhead 42. The side interior trim panel 1, the door interior trim panel 2, the roof interior trim panel 3, the carpet interior trim panel 41, and the front bulkhead 42 enclose a driving and riding sound insulation compartment, and the side interior trim panel 1, the door interior trim panel 2, the roof interior trim panel 3, the carpet interior trim panel 41, and the front bulkhead 42 are all foamed boards 10 integrally formed of foaming materials.
[0035] Taking the polypropylene material as an example of the foaming material, polypropylene (Expanded Polypropylene, EPP) is a high-performance foam plastic material. It is made by foaming polypropylene resin to form a highly crystalline polymer / gas composite material. A large number of tiny bubbles generated during the foaming process significantly increase the volume of the material while reducing the density, making the foaming material very light. Due to the presence of a large number of closed or semi-closed bubble structures inside, the foaming material can effectively absorb external force impacts and provide protection for packaging, transportation, and various cushioning applications. The bubble structure in the foaming material hinders the transfer of heat and has a very low thermal conductivity, so it is widely used in fields such as building insulation, refrigeration equipment, and pipeline insulation. The bubble structure also helps to absorb sound waves and reduce noise transmission.
[0036] Therefore, when the side trim panel 1, door trim panel 2, roof trim panel 3, carpet trim panel 41, and front bulkhead 42 are all made of a foaming board 10 formed by integral molding of foaming material, through the front bulkhead 42, the side trim panel 1, door trim panel 2, roof trim panel 3, carpet trim panel 41, and front bulkhead 42 enclose a driving and riding sound insulation compartment again. When the driver and passengers are riding in the vehicle, the noise can be directly isolated outside the driving and riding sound insulation compartment. Compared with the prior art in which a sound absorption structure is arranged in the driving and riding compartment, the vehicle sound insulation structure of the present invention can isolate noise from the sound source propagation path, rather than absorbing the sound after it enters, which can improve the noise isolation effect of the vehicle.
[0037] According to the vehicle sound insulation structure of the embodiment of the present invention, by making the side trim panel 1, door trim panel 2, roof trim panel 3, carpet trim panel 41, and front bulkhead 42 all be foaming boards 10 formed by integral molding of foaming material, and through the front bulkhead 42, the side trim panel 1, door trim panel 2, roof trim panel 3, carpet trim panel 41, and front bulkhead 42 enclose a driving and riding sound insulation compartment again. When the driver and passengers are riding in the vehicle, the noise can be directly isolated outside the driving and riding sound insulation compartment. Compared with the prior art in which a sound absorption structure is arranged in the driving and riding compartment, the vehicle sound insulation structure of the present invention can isolate noise from the sound source propagation path, rather than absorbing the sound after it enters, which can improve the noise isolation effect of the vehicle.
[0038] In some embodiments of the present invention, as Figures 1-3 shown, the vehicle sound insulation structure further includes: a tailgate trim panel 52 and a luggage compartment trim panel 6. A luggage compartment sound insulation compartment is enclosed between the tailgate trim panel 52 and the luggage compartment trim panel 6. Both the tailgate trim panel 52 and the luggage compartment trim panel 6 are foaming boards 10 formed by integral molding of foaming material.
[0039] That is to say, when placing noise-prone items in the luggage compartment, in order to reduce the transmission of noise, the tailgate interior panel 52 and the luggage compartment interior panel 6 can be made to enclose a luggage compartment sound insulation compartment, and then both the tailgate interior panel 52 and the luggage compartment interior panel 6 are foam boards 10 integrally formed of foam materials. Thus, when noise occurs in the luggage compartment due to noise-prone items, the propagation path of the noise can be directly blocked by the foam board 10. Therefore, the noise reduction of the luggage compartment can be better achieved.
[0040] In some embodiments of the present utility model, the thickness H1 of the foam board 10 satisfies: 6 mm ≤ H1 ≤ 12 mm. Thus, through the design of the thickness of the foam board 10, not only can noise reduction be better achieved, but also the foam board 10 can be better within a suitable structural strength range to meet the requirements of the vehicle. Optionally, the thickness H1 of the foam board 10 can be 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, 11 mm, 12 mm, etc., and this application does not make any restrictions.
[0041] In some embodiments of the present utility model, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 7 shown, the vehicle sound insulation structure further includes a sealing strip 7. The sealing strip 7 is sealingly connected to the outer peripheral edge of the foam board 10. The sealing strip 7 has a slot 71 facing the foam board 10, and the foam board 10 has a plug-in portion inserted into the slot 71. In the direction from the foam board 10 to the sealing strip 7, the thickness of the plug-in portion gradually decreases.
[0042] Exemplarily, as Figure 7 shown, the side wall interior panel 1 includes a C-pillar upper trim panel 11. The upper end of the C-pillar upper trim panel 11 is connected to the sealing strip 7. By inserting the C-pillar upper trim panel 11 into the sealing strip 7, the noise reduction ability at the sealing strip 7 can be improved. At the same time, the cooperation between the plug-in portion and the slot 71 is simple and convenient for disassembly and assembly, which can improve the disassembly and assembly speed. This application takes the C-pillar upper trim panel 11 as an example, and other foam boards 10 will not be elaborated.
[0043] In some embodiments of the present utility model, two adjacent foam boards 10 are a first foam board and a second foam board. One end of the first foam board facing the second foam board has a first flanging 111 folded towards one side in the thickness direction, and one end of the second foam board facing the first foam board has a second flanging 31 folded towards one side in the thickness direction. The first flanging 111 and the second flanging 31 are opposite to each other, and among them, the first flanging 111 and the second flanging 31 are arranged in parallel.
[0044] Exemplarily, as Figure 5As shown, the first foamed board is the upper trim panel 11 of the C-pillar, and the second foamed board is the ceiling interior trim panel 3. The upper end of the upper trim panel 11 of the C-pillar is provided with a first flanging 111 that folds toward the thickness side. The ceiling interior trim panel 3 has a second flanging 31 that folds toward the thickness side. The first flanging 111 and the second flanging 31 are opposite to each other vertically. Optionally, the first flanging 111 and the second flanging 31 can be in contact with each other. Since the first flanging 111 and the second flanging 31 are arranged in parallel, the contact area can be relatively large, which is beneficial to the cooperation between the upper trim panel 11 of the C-pillar and the ceiling interior trim panel 3, and can also effectively reduce noise in the connection area between the upper trim panel 11 of the C-pillar and the ceiling interior trim panel 3.
[0045] Optionally, as Figure 5 shown, a limiting portion 112 is formed on one of the first flanging 111 and / or the second flanging 31. The limiting portion 112 is used to limit the relative position between the first flanging 111 and the second flanging 31.
[0046] Exemplarily, as Figure 5 shown, the first foamed board is the upper trim panel 11 of the C-pillar, and the second foamed board is the ceiling interior trim panel 3. The upper end of the upper trim panel 11 of the C-pillar is provided with a first flanging 111 that folds toward the thickness side. The ceiling interior trim panel 3 has a second flanging 31 that folds toward the thickness side. The edge of the first flanging 111 also has an upwardly folded limiting portion 112. When the first flanging 111 and the second flanging 31 cooperate, the limiting portion 112 can limit the relative position of the second flanging 31, thereby improving the cooperation efficiency between the upper trim panel 11 of the C-pillar and the ceiling interior trim panel 3.
[0047] In some embodiments of the present utility model, as Figure 6 shown, two adjacent foamed boards 10 are the first foamed board and the second foamed board. One end of the first foamed board facing the second foamed board has a recess 113 that is recessed toward one side in the thickness direction. The second foamed board overlaps in the recess 113, and the surface of the other side of the first foamed board is coplanar with the surface of the second foamed board that is away from the recess 113.
[0048] Exemplarily, as Figure 6As shown, the first foam board is the upper trim panel 11 of the C-pillar, and the second foam board is the lower trim panel 12 of the C-pillar. The lower end of the upper trim panel 11 of the C-pillar has a recess 113 that is recessed toward one side. The upper end of the lower trim panel 12 of the C-pillar is fitted into the recess 113. And when the upper end of the lower trim panel 12 of the C-pillar is fitted into the recess 113, the surface on the other side of the first foam board is coplanar with the surface of the second foam board that faces away from the recess 113. Here, the surface on the other side of the first foam board can be the outer surface of the first foam board, and the surface of the second foam board that faces away from the recess 113 can be the outer surface of the second foam board. By making the outer surfaces of the upper trim panel 11 of the C-pillar and the lower trim panel 12 of the C-pillar coplanar, it is beneficial to improve the aesthetics. At the same time, the connection between the upper trim panel 11 of the C-pillar and the lower trim panel 12 of the C-pillar can also have good sound insulation performance.
[0049] In some embodiments of the present invention, as Figure 4 shown, a plurality of clamping members 8 are provided on the foam board 10, and the clamping members 8 are embedded in the foam board 10.
[0050] Exemplarily, the clamping member 8 can be a metal part or a plastic part. When constructing the foam board 10 through the foaming process, the clamping member 8 can be placed at a predetermined position in the mold in advance. Thus, after the foam board 10 is foamed and formed, the clamping member 8 is embedded in the foam board 10. Through the clamping member 8, it can be detachably connected to the body sheet metal better. Here, it should be noted that the clamping member 8 can also be made of other materials, and the materials of the plurality of clamping members 8 can also be different, so as to meet the stress requirements at different positions.
[0051] In some embodiments of the present invention, as Figure 4 shown, a plurality of screwing members can also be provided in the foam board 10, and the screwing members are embedded in the foam board 10. That is to say, when constructing the foam board 10 through the foaming process, the screwing members can be placed at a predetermined position in the mold in advance. Thus, after the foam board 10 is foamed and formed, the screwing members are embedded in the foam board 10. Through the screwing members, it can be detachably connected to the body sheet metal by screws better.
[0052] In some embodiments of the present invention, as Figure 4 shown, a plurality of reinforcing ribs 9 are provided on the surface of the foam board 10 facing the sheet metal, and the thickness H2 of the reinforcing ribs 9 satisfies: 20 mm ≤ H2 ≤ 30 mm.
[0053] Through the design of the thickness of the reinforcing ribs 9, not only can the cost be reduced better, but also the foam board 10 can be made to be within a suitable range of structural strength, so as to meet the requirements of the vehicle. Optionally, the thickness H2 of the reinforcing ribs 9 can be 20 mm, 21 mm, 22 mm, 23 mm, 24 mm, 25 mm, 26 mm, 27 mm, 28 mm, 29 mm, 30 mm, etc., and the present application does not make any restrictions.
[0054] The present utility model further provides a vehicle having the vehicle sound insulation structure of the above embodiment.
[0055] For the vehicle according to the embodiment of the present utility model, by providing the vehicle sound insulation structure of the above embodiment, the side interior trim panel 1, the door interior trim panel 2, the roof interior trim panel 3, the carpet interior trim panel 41, and the front bulkhead 42 are all foam boards 10 integrally formed of foam material, and through the front bulkhead 42, the side interior trim panel 1, the door interior trim panel 2, the roof interior trim panel 3, the carpet interior trim panel 41, and the front bulkhead 42 enclose a driving sound insulation compartment. When the driver and passengers are riding in the vehicle, the noise can be directly isolated outside the driving sound insulation compartment. Compared with the prior art in which a sound absorption structure is provided in the driving compartment, the vehicle sound insulation structure of the present utility model can isolate the noise from the sound source propagation path, rather than absorb the sound after it enters, which can improve the noise isolation effect of the vehicle.
[0056] The vehicle sound insulation structure and other components and operations of the vehicle according to the embodiment of the present utility model are known to those of ordinary skill in the art and will not be described in detail here.
[0057] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to terms such as "some embodiments", "optionally", "further", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present utility model. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.
[0058] Although the embodiments of the present utility model have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present utility model. The scope of the present utility model is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A vehicle sound insulation structure, characterized in that: include: Side interior panels, door interior panels, ceiling interior panels, carpet interior panels, front panels, The side interior panels, the door interior panels, the ceiling interior panels, the carpet interior panels, and the front panel together form a driver and passenger sound insulation compartment, and the side interior panels, the door interior panels, the ceiling interior panels, the carpet interior panels, and the front panel are all foam panels integrally formed of foam material.
2. The vehicle sound insulation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A tailgate interior panel and a luggage compartment interior panel, wherein the tailgate interior panel and the luggage compartment interior panel enclose a luggage compartment sound insulation compartment, and the tailgate interior panel and the luggage compartment interior panel are both foam panels integrally formed of foam material.
3. The vehicle sound insulation structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The thickness H1 of the foamed plate satisfies: 6 mm≦H1≦12 mm.
4. The vehicle sound insulation structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It also includes a sealing strip, which is sealingly connected to the outer periphery of the foam board. The sealing strip has a slot facing the foam board, and the foam board has an inserting portion inserted into the slot. In the direction from the foam board to the sealing strip, the thickness of the inserting portion gradually decreases.
5. The vehicle sound insulation structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The two adjacent foam plates are a first foam plate and a second foam plate, the first foam plate having a first flange folded toward one side in a thickness direction at one end facing the second foam plate, the second foam plate having a second flange folded toward one side in a thickness direction at one end facing the first foam plate, the first flange and the second flange are opposite to each other, wherein the first flange and the second flange are arranged in parallel.
6. The vehicle sound insulation structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: A limiting portion is formed on one of the first flange and / or the second flange, and the limiting portion is used to limit the relative position between the first flange and the second flange.
7. The vehicle sound insulation structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The two adjacent foam plates are a first foam plate and a second foam plate, wherein one end of the first foam plate facing the second foam plate has a recessed portion that is recessed on one side in the thickness direction, the second foam plate is overlapped in the recess, and the surface of the other side of the first foam plate is coplanar with the surface of the second foam plate that is away from the recess.
8. The vehicle sound insulation structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A plurality of clamping parts are arranged on the foaming plate, and the clamping parts are embedded in the foaming plate.
9. The vehicle sound insulation structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A plurality of reinforcing ribs are arranged on the surface of the foam plate facing the sheet metal, and the thickness H2 of the reinforcing ribs satisfies: 20 mm≦H2≦30 mm.
10. A vehicle, characterized in that: A vehicle sound insulation structure comprising the vehicle sound insulation structure described in any one of claims 1 to 9.