Water turbine runner

Abstract

The utility model discloses a water turbine runner and relates to the field of water turbines. Comprising an upper crown leaf disc and a lower ring leaf disc, upper crown blades are arranged on the upper crown leaf disc, lower ring blades are arranged on the lower ring leaf disc, the upper crown leaf disc is divided into an upper crown inner leaf disc and an upper crown outer leaf disc, the upper crown blades are divided into the upper crown inner blades and the upper crown outer blades, and the lower ring leaf disc is divided into a lower ring inner leaf disc and a lower ring outer leaf disc. The lower ring blades are divided into lower ring inner blades and lower ring outer blades; the upper crown blades are in one-to-one correspondence with the lower ring blades, and the upper crown blades are matched with the lower ring blades; one side of the matching position of the upper crown inner blade and the lower ring inner blade is an upper crown side, the other side of the matching position of the upper crown inner blade and the lower ring inner blade is a lower ring side, notches are formed in the upper crown side or the lower ring side or two sides, and supplementary block blades consistent with the notches in shape are arranged at the notches. According to the utility model, the welding amount, the relief grinding amount and the welding deposited metal amount can be reduced, the accurate segmentation of the rotating wheel is realized, the manufacturing manufacturability of welding, relief grinding and processing is met, and the operation risk is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of hydraulic turbines, and specifically to a runner of a hydraulic turbine. Background Art

[0002] Runners are widely used in the hydropower manufacturing industry. The traditional structures of hydraulic turbine or pump runners generally adopt the cast-welded structure of the crown, the lower ring and the blades. Due to limitations such as unit capacity, speed, and efficiency, the flow passages of hydraulic turbines or pump runners are long and narrow, the blade wrap angle is large, and the space is narrow, resulting in poor welding processability, low production efficiency, and poor manufacturing quality of the runners. The main disadvantages of the cast-welded structure runners of the crown, the lower ring and the blades are as follows: the welds are located in the high-stress area of the runner operation, bringing greater operation risks; using the crown or the lower ring for ring splitting, the welding manufacturing process is complex, the manufacturing cycle is long, and it is restricted by the size range of processing equipment and the casting quality.

[0003] The Chinese patent document with the publication number CN116652535A and the publication date of August 29, 2023 discloses a method for manufacturing split runner blades of a low-specific-speed Francis turbine runner, which indirectly discloses a hydraulic turbine runner. The runner is cast and processed in four parts: the crown blade disc, the inner lower ring blade disc, the outer lower ring blade disc, and the short blades. The long blades are divided into upper and lower halves along the rotational cutting plane fitting the midline of the crown and lower ring flow passages. The short blades are the remaining parts of the blades after removing the root transition steps on the crown blade disc side, the inner lower ring blade disc side, and the outer lower ring blade disc side. This invention improves the accessibility of welding, grinding, and non-destructive testing of the runner.

[0004] However, the technical solution with the publication number CN116652535A mentioned above involves a large amount of welding operations, including welding between the crown blade disc and the long blades, split welding of the long blades, welding between the crown blade disc and the short blades, welding between the long blades and the lower ring blade disc, and welding between the short blades and the lower ring blade disc. The weld quality directly affects the overall performance and lifespan of the runner. Any welding defects (such as cracks, pores, etc.) will have an adverse impact on the operation of the equipment, and the welding amount is relatively large. Summary of the Utility Model

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the utility model proposes a hydraulic turbine runner, which can reduce the welding amount, grinding amount, and welding deposited metal amount, and achieve precise segmentation of the runner, meet the manufacturing processability of welding, grinding, and machining, make the welds located in the non-high-stress area of the runner operation, and reduce the operation risks.

[0006] The utility model is realized by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0007] A water turbine runner includes a crown disk and a band disk. A number of crown vanes are provided on the crown disk, and a number of band vanes are provided on the band disk. The crown vanes are spirally distributed at the center point of the crown disk, and the band vanes are spirally distributed on the band disk. The crown disk is divided into an inner crown disk and an outer crown disk, so that the crown vanes are divided into inner crown vanes and outer crown vanes at the segmentation of the crown disk. The band disk is divided into an inner band disk and an outer band disk, so that the band vanes are divided into inner band vanes and outer band vanes at the segmentation of the band disk. The inner crown vanes and the outer crown vanes, the inner crown disk and the outer crown disk are integrally connected by welding. The inner band vanes and the outer band vanes, the inner band disk and the outer band disk are integrally connected by welding. The crown vanes and the band vanes correspond to each other one by one, and the end of the crown vane away from the crown disk cooperates with the end of the band vane away from the band disk. The crown disk and the band disk are fixed together at the cooperation position of the crown vane and the band vane. One side of the cooperation position of the inner crown vane and the inner band vane is the crown side and the other side is the band side. A notch is provided on the crown side or the band side or both sides near the center of the runner. A supplementary block vane with the same shape as the notch is provided at the notch, and the supplementary block vane is fixedly connected to the inner crown vane and the inner band vane.

[0008] The number of the crown vanes, the band vanes and the supplementary block vanes is 7 - 15 pieces.

[0009] The crown disk and the band disk are welded and connected at the cooperation position of the crown vane and the band vane.

[0010] One side of the inner crown vane is welded and connected to the supplementary block vane, and the other side of the inner band vane is welded and connected to the supplementary block vane.

[0011] The connection between the supplementary block vane and the crown vane has a smooth transition, and the connection between the supplementary block vane and the band vane has a smooth transition.

[0012] The inner crown disk and the blade step of the inner crown disk are integrally formed by casting, the outer crown disk and the blade step of the outer crown disk are integrally formed by casting, and the band disk and the band vanes are integrally formed by casting.

[0013] The thickness of the crown vanes and the band vanes is the same as that of the supplementary block vane.

[0014] The thickness of the supplementary block vane is 10 mm - 150 mm.

[0015] The blade wrap angle of the crown vanes and the band vanes is 30° - 180°.

[0016] The diameters of the crown disk and the band disk are 1000 mm - 7000 mm.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present utility model are as follows:

[0018] 1. In the present utility model, by changing the welding structure of the runner, the runner is designed into three parts: the upper crown vane disc, the lower ring vane disc, and the runner outlet edge supplementary block vane. Adopting the structure of the vane disc plus the supplementary block can reduce the welding amount, chipping amount, and welding deposited metal amount, and at the same time can reduce the welding residual stress, avoid the high stress area of the runner during operation, and improve the production efficiency; at the same time, the change of the structure changes the weld position, and the welding sequence can be flexibly adjusted, making the welding processability better; the upper crown vane disc and the lower ring vane disc are arranged in an inner and outer split ring, realizing the precise segmentation of the runner, which can avoid the risks brought by the vane disc size exceeding the processing equipment size range and the casting quality control size, and at the same time meet the manufacturing processability of welding, chipping, and machining, making the weld located in the non-high stress area of the runner operation and reducing the operation risk.

[0019] 2. In the present utility model, the connection between the supplementary block vane and the upper crown vane and the lower ring vane has a smooth transition, ensuring the stability and reliability of the runner. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The present utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the specification drawings and specific embodiments, where:

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the runner in Embodiment 1 of the present utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the runner in Embodiment 2 of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the runner in Embodiment 3 of the present utility model;

[0024] Figure 4 is the present utility model Figure 1 in the schematic diagram of the A-A cross-section;

[0025] Figure 5 is the present utility model Figure 1 in the schematic diagram of the B-B cross-section;

[0026] Figure 6 is a schematic overall three-dimensional diagram of the runner in Embodiment 1 of the present utility model.

[0027] Markings in the figure:

[0028] 1. Upper crown vane disc, 2. Lower ring vane disc, 3. Supplementary block vane, 4. Upper crown inner vane, 5. Upper crown outer vane, 6. Lower ring inner vane, 7. Lower ring outer vane, 8. Upper crown inner vane disc, 9. Upper crown outer vane disc, 10. Lower ring inner vane disc, 11. Lower ring outer vane disc, 12. Notch. Detailed implementation mode

[0029] Embodiment 1

[0030] This embodiment provides a water turbine runner, as shown in Figure 1 , Figures 4 - 6 , including a crown disk 1 and a band disk 2. A number of crown blades are arranged on the crown disk 1, and a number of band blades are arranged on the band disk 2. The crown blades are spirally distributed at the center point of the crown disk 1, and the band blades are spirally distributed on the band disk 2. The crown disk 1 is divided into an inner crown disk 8 and an outer crown disk 9, so that the crown blades are divided into inner crown blades 4 and outer crown blades 5 at the segmented part of the crown disk 1. The band disk 2 is divided into an inner band disk 10 and an outer band disk 11, so that the band blades are divided into inner band blades 6 and outer band blades 7 at the segmented part of the band disk 2; The inner crown blade 4 and the outer crown blade 5, the inner crown disk 8 and the outer crown disk 9 are integrally connected by welding; The inner band blade 6 and the outer band blade 7, the inner band disk 10 and the outer band disk 11 are integrally connected by welding; The crown blades and the band blades correspond to each other one by one, and the end of the crown blade far from the crown disk 1 cooperates with the end of the band blade far from the band disk 2. The crown disk 1 and the band disk 2 are fixed together at the cooperation part of the crown blade and the band blade; At one side of the cooperation part of the inner crown blade 4 and the inner band blade 6, there is an upper crown side and a lower band side. A notch 12 is arranged at the upper crown side near the center of the runner, and a supplementary blade 3 with the same shape as the notch 12 is arranged at the notch 12. The supplementary blade 3 is fixedly connected with the inner crown blade 4 and the inner band blade 6.

[0031] The number of the crown blades, the band blades and the supplementary blades 3 is 9 each.

[0032] The crown disk 1 and the band disk 2 are integrally connected by welding at the cooperation part of the crown blade and the band blade.

[0033] One side of the inner crown blade 4 is integrally connected by welding with the supplementary blade 3, and the other side of the inner band blade 6 is integrally connected by welding with the supplementary blade 3.

[0034] The connection between the supplementary blade 3 and the crown blade has a smooth transition, and the connection between the supplementary blade 3 and the band blade has a smooth transition.

[0035] The inner crown disk 8 and the blade steps of the inner crown disk 8 are integrally formed by casting, the outer crown disk 9 and the blade steps of the outer crown disk 9 are integrally formed by casting, and the band disk 2 and the band blades are integrally formed by casting.

[0036] The thickness of the crown blades and the band blades is the same as that of the supplementary blade 3.

[0037] The thickness of the supplementary block blade 3 is 105 mm.

[0038] The blade wrap angle of the crown blade and the runner band blade is 106°.

[0039] The diameters of the crown disk 1 and the runner band disk 2 are 5000 mm.

[0040] In this embodiment, by changing the welding structure of the runner, the runner is designed into three parts: the crown disk, the runner band disk, and the supplementary block blade at the water outlet edge of the runner. The supplementary block blade is arranged at the notch of the crown blade. The welding amount is reduced by 60%, the welding deposited metal amount and the grinding amount are reduced by 70%. The production efficiency is higher, and the precise segmentation of the runner is realized, meeting the manufacturing process requirements of welding, grinding and machining. The weld is located in the non-high stress area of the runner operation, reducing the operation risk.

[0041] Embodiment 2

[0042] This embodiment provides a water turbine runner, which includes a crown disk 1 and a runner band disk 2. A number of crown blades are arranged on the crown disk 1, and a number of runner band blades are arranged on the runner band disk 2. The crown blades are spirally distributed at the center point of the crown disk 1, and the runner band blades are spirally distributed on the runner band disk 2. The crown disk 1 is divided into an inner crown disk 8 and an outer crown disk 9, so that the crown blades are divided into inner crown blades 4 and outer crown blades 5 at the segmentation of the crown disk 1. The runner band disk 2 is divided into an inner runner band disk 10 and an outer runner band disk 11, so that the runner band blades are divided into inner runner band blades 6 and outer runner band blades 7 at the segmentation of the runner band disk 2. The inner crown blades 4 and the outer crown blades 5, the inner crown disk 8 and the outer crown disk 9 are connected into one body by welding; the inner runner band blades 6 and the outer runner band blades 7, the inner runner band disk 10 and the outer runner band disk 11 are connected into one body by welding; the crown blades and the runner band blades correspond to each other one by one, and the end of the crown blade far from the crown disk 1 cooperates with the end of the runner band blade far from the runner band disk 2. The crown disk 1 and the runner band disk 2 are fixed into one body at the cooperation of the crown blade and the runner band blade; on one side of the cooperation of the inner crown blade 4 and the inner runner band blade 6 is the crown side and the other side is the runner band side. A notch 12 is arranged on the runner band side near the center of the runner. A supplementary block blade 3 with the same shape as the notch 12 is arranged at the notch 12. The supplementary block blade 3 is fixedly connected with the inner crown blade 4 and the inner runner band blade 6.

[0043] The numbers of the crown blades, the runner band blades and the supplementary block blades 3 are all 7.

[0044] The crown disk 1 and the runner band disk 2 are connected by welding at the cooperation of the crown blade and the runner band blade.

[0045] The inner blades 4 of the upper crown are welded to one side of the supplementary block blades 3, and the inner blades 6 of the lower ring are welded to the other side of the supplementary block blades 3.

[0046] The connection between the supplementary block blades 3 and the upper crown blades has a smooth transition, and the connection between the supplementary block blades 3 and the lower ring blades has a smooth transition.

[0047] The inner disk 8 of the upper crown and the blade steps of the inner disk 8 of the upper crown are integrally cast, the outer disk 9 of the upper crown and the blade steps of the outer disk 9 of the upper crown are integrally cast, and the lower ring disk 2 and the lower ring blades are integrally cast.

[0048] The thicknesses of the upper crown blades and the lower ring blades are the same as the thickness of the supplementary block blades 3.

[0049] The thickness of the supplementary block blades 3 is 126 mm.

[0050] The blade wrap angles of the upper crown blades and the lower ring blades are 110°.

[0051] The diameters of the upper crown disk 1 and the lower ring disk 2 are 4100 mm.

[0052] In this embodiment, by changing the welding structure of the runner, the runner is designed into three parts: the upper crown disk, the lower ring disk, and the supplementary block blades at the water outlet edge of the runner. The supplementary block blades are arranged at the notch of the lower ring blades. The welding amount is reduced by 60%, the welding deposited metal amount and the grinding amount are reduced by 70%. The production efficiency is higher, and the precise segmentation of the runner is realized, meeting the manufacturing process requirements of welding, grinding and machining. The weld is located in the non-high stress area of the runner operation, reducing the operation risk.

[0053] Embodiment 3

[0054] This embodiment provides a water turbine runner, which includes a crown disk 1 and a band disk 2. A number of crown blades are arranged on the crown disk 1, and a number of band blades are arranged on the band disk 2. The crown blades are spirally distributed at the center point of the crown disk 1, and the band blades are spirally distributed on the band disk 2. The crown disk 1 is divided into an inner crown disk 8 and an outer crown disk 9, so that the crown blades are divided into inner crown blades 4 and outer crown blades 5 at the segmentation of the crown disk 1. The band disk 2 is divided into an inner band disk 10 and an outer band disk 11, so that the band blades are divided into inner band blades 6 and outer band blades 7 at the segmentation of the band disk 2. The inner crown blades 4 and the outer crown blades 5, the inner crown disk 8 and the outer crown disk 9 are integrally connected by welding. The inner band blades 6 and the outer band blades 7, the inner band disk 10 and the outer band disk 11 are integrally connected by welding. The crown blades and the band blades correspond to each other one by one, and the end of the crown blade away from the crown disk 1 cooperates with the end of the band blade away from the band disk 2. The crown disk 1 and the band disk 2 are fixed together at the cooperation position of the crown blade and the band blade. One side of the cooperation position between the inner crown blade 4 and the inner band blade 6 is the crown side, and the other side is the band side. At both sides of the cooperation position near the center of the runner, there are notches 12, and a supplementary blade 3 with the same shape as the notch 12 is arranged at the notch 12. The supplementary blade 3 is fixedly connected with the inner crown blade 4 and the inner band blade 6.

[0055] The numbers of the crown blades, the band blades and the supplementary blade 3 are all 9 pieces.

[0056] The crown disk 1 and the band disk 2 are welded and connected at the cooperation position of the crown blade and the band blade.

[0057] One side of the inner crown blade 4 is welded and connected with the supplementary blade 3, and the other side of the inner band blade 6 is welded and connected with the supplementary blade 3.

[0058] The connection between the supplementary blade 3 and the crown blade has a smooth transition, and the connection between the supplementary blade 3 and the band blade has a smooth transition.

[0059] The inner crown disk 8 and the blade step of the inner crown disk 8 are integrally cast, the outer crown disk 9 and the blade step of the outer crown disk 9 are integrally cast, and the band disk 2 and the band blades are integrally cast.

[0060] The thicknesses of the crown blades and the band blades are the same as the thickness of the supplementary blade 3.

[0061] The thickness of the supplementary blade 3 is 70 mm.

[0062] The blade wrap angles of the crown blades and the band blades are 98°.

[0063] The diameters of the upper crown blade disc 1 and the lower ring blade disc 2 are 3560 mm.

[0064] In this embodiment, by changing the welding structure of the runner, the runner is designed into three parts: the upper crown blade disc, the lower ring blade disc, and the supplementary block blades at the water outlet edge of the runner. The supplementary block blades are arranged at the notches of the upper crown blades and the lower ring blades. The welding amount is reduced by 60%, the welding deposited metal amount and the grinding amount are reduced by 70%. The production efficiency is higher, and the precise segmentation of the runner is realized, meeting the manufacturing process requirements of welding, grinding and machining. The weld seam is located in the non-high stress area of the runner operation, reducing the operation risk.

Claims

1. A turbine runner, comprising an upper crown blade disk (1) and a lower ring blade disk (2), characterized in that: The upper crown leaf disc (1) is provided with a plurality of upper crown blades, and the lower ring leaf disc (2) is provided with a plurality of lower ring blades. The upper crown blades are distributed in a spiral shape at the center point of the upper crown leaf disc (1), and the lower ring blades are distributed in a spiral shape on the lower ring leaf disc (2). The upper crown leaf disc (1) is divided into an upper crown inner blade disc (8) and an upper crown outer blade disc (9), so that the upper crown blades are divided into an upper crown inner blade disc (4) and an upper crown outer blade disc (5) at the segment of the upper crown leaf disc (1), and the lower ring blade disc (2) is provided with a plurality of upper crown blades. The disk (2) is divided into a lower ring inner blade disk (10) and a lower ring outer blade disk (11), so that the lower ring blades are divided into lower ring inner blades (6) and lower ring outer blades (7) at the segment of the lower ring blade disk (2); the upper crown inner blades (4) and the upper crown outer blades (5), the upper crown inner blade disk (8) and the upper crown outer blade disk (9) are connected as a whole by welding; the lower ring inner blades (6) and the lower ring outer blades (7), the lower ring inner blade disk (10) and the lower ring outer blade disk (11) are connected as a whole by welding; The upper crown blades correspond to the lower ring blades one by one, and one end of the upper crown blade away from the upper crown blade disc (1) cooperates with one end of the lower ring blade away from the lower ring blade disc (2), and the upper crown blade disc (1) and the lower ring blade disc (2) are fixed as a whole at the cooperation point between the upper crown blade and the lower ring blade; the cooperation point between the upper crown inner blade (4) and the lower ring inner blade (6) has one side as the upper crown side and one side as the lower ring side, and the upper crown side or the lower ring side or both sides are provided with a notch (12) near the center of the impeller, and the notch (12) is provided with a supplementary block blade (3) having the same shape as the notch, and the supplementary block blade (3) is fixedly connected to the upper crown inner blade (4) and the lower ring inner blade (6).

2. A water turbine runner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the upper crown blades, the lower ring blades and the supplementary block blades (3) is 7-15.

3. A water turbine runner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper crown blade disc (1) and the lower ring blade disc (2) are welded and connected at the matching position of the upper crown blades and the lower ring blades.

4. A water turbine runner according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The upper crown inner blade (4) is welded to the supplementary block blade (3) on one side, and the lower ring inner blade (6) is welded to the supplementary block blade (3) on the other side.

5. A water turbine runner according to claim 4, characterized in that: The connection between the supplementary block blade (3) and the upper crown blade is smoothly transitioned, and the connection between the supplementary block blade (3) and the lower ring blade is smoothly transitioned.

6. A water turbine runner according to claim 5, characterized in that: The upper crown inner blade disc (8) and the blade steps of the upper crown inner blade disc (8) are integrally cast, the upper crown outer blade disc (9) and the blade steps of the upper crown outer blade disc (9) are integrally cast, and the lower ring blade disc (2) and the lower ring blades are integrally cast.

7. A water turbine runner according to claim 6, characterized in that: The thickness of the upper crown blade and the lower ring blade is consistent with the thickness of the supplementary block blade (3).

8. A water turbine runner according to claim 7, characterized in that: The thickness of the supplementary block blade (3) is 10 mm to 150 mm.

9. A water turbine runner according to claim 8, characterized in that: The blade wrap angles of the upper crown blades and the lower ring blades are 30°-180°.

10. A water turbine runner according to claim 9, characterized in that: The diameters of the upper crown blade disc (1) and the lower ring blade disc (2) are 1000 mm to 7000 mm.

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