Light leakage prevention line lamp with diffusion plate convenient to disassemble and assemble
By making the lamp body and the end cover of metal and using ring welding connection, the problem of light leakage in line lamps is solved when disassembling and assembling the diffusion plate, and the effect of preventing light leakage and easy disassembly and assembly is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422311211.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-27
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-09-20
AI Technical Summary
While existing line lamps are easy to disassemble and assemble diffuser plates, they are prone to light leakage problems, affecting the lighting effect and aesthetics.
The lamp body and end cap are made of metal and are connected by ring welding to form an annular weld to avoid gaps. At the same time, the installation hole corresponding to the mounting groove is provided on the end cover, allowing the installation and removal of the diffuser plate to be facilitated while the end cover is fixedly connected to the lamp body.
It effectively avoids the gap between the lamp body and the end cover, prevents light leakage, improves lighting quality, and facilitates the disassembly and assembly and maintenance of the diffuser plate.
Smart Images

Figure CN223036275U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of lamp structures, in particular to a leak-proof strip light facilitating disassembly and assembly of a diffusion plate. Background Art
[0002] The strip light includes a lamp body and an end cap. A light source assembly and a diffusion plate are arranged inside the lamp body. An illumination opening is provided on the lamp body, and the diffusion plate is arranged opposite to the illumination opening to diffuse the light emitted by the light source assembly. The light source assembly is surrounded by other components inside the lamp body and generally does not need to be replaced or repaired. However, a part of the diffusion plate is in direct contact with the external space of the lamp body and may need to be replaced, repaired or cleaned. Therefore, the end cap is detachably connected to the end of the lamp body to open the lamp body and take out or install the diffusion plate.
[0003] For the existing strip lights, the lamp body is generally made of metal, and the end cap is generally made of plastic. The end cap is installed at the end of the lamp body by screwing. However, for the strip light with such a structure, there may still be gaps between the end cap and the lamp body, and light leakage may occur during illumination, affecting the illumination effect and aesthetic degree.
[0004] Those skilled in the art hope to have a strip light that can avoid light leakage and facilitate taking out or installing the diffusion plate to solve the above technical problems. Content of the Utility Model
[0005] The main purpose of the utility model is to propose a leak-proof strip light facilitating disassembly and assembly of a diffusion plate, aiming to solve the technical problem that the existing strip lights are convenient for disassembling and assembling the diffusion plate but prone to light leakage.
[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the utility model proposes a leak-proof strip light facilitating disassembly and assembly of a diffusion plate, which includes a lamp body, an end cap and a diffusion plate. Both the lamp body and the end cap are made of metal materials. At least one end of the lamp body is provided with an end cap, and the end cap is welded to the lamp body to form a circumferential weld at the junction of the end cap and the lamp body. An illumination opening is provided on the lamp body, and mounting grooves are provided on both sides of the illumination opening. The mounting grooves are located on the inner side wall of the lamp body. The illumination opening and the mounting grooves extend along the length direction of the lamp body. The diffusion plate is inserted into the two mounting grooves and covers the illumination opening. At least one end cap is provided with a mounting hole, and the mounting hole corresponds to the positions of the two mounting grooves. The diffusion plate can be inserted into or detached from the mounting grooves through the mounting hole.
[0007] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows: The lamp body and the end cap are both made of metal materials, enabling the lamp body and the end cap to be fixedly connected by welding; specifically, the welding method is circumferential welding to form a circumferential weld, which can avoid gaps between the lamp body and the end cap, and prevent light leakage during lighting. Installation holes corresponding to the positions of the installation grooves are provided on the end cap. Even when the end cap is fixedly connected to the lamp body, the diffusion plate can still be installed and removed, facilitating the replacement, maintenance, and cleaning of the diffusion plate. Beneficial effects: While facilitating the disassembly and assembly of the diffusion plate, it avoids light leakage during lighting, improves the lighting quality, and optimizes the user experience.
[0008] Preferably, a blocking member is provided on the end cap. The blocking member is detachably or movably arranged on the end cap to open or close the installation hole, which can prevent the diffusion plate from falling out of the installation hole, is beneficial to improving the structural stability of the linear lamp, extending the service life of the linear lamp, and does not affect the disassembly and assembly of the diffusion plate.
[0009] Preferably, a plurality of surrounding edges are provided on the circumferential side of the end cap. The surrounding edges protrude from the side of the end cap close to the lamp body. The plurality of surrounding edges include a first surrounding edge and a second surrounding edge arranged oppositely, and the installation hole is close to the first surrounding edge; a guiding post is provided on the second surrounding edge. One end of the guiding post is fixed on the second surrounding edge, and the other end extends towards the first surrounding edge. The blocking member is sleeved on the guiding post, and a return spring is also sleeved on the guiding post. One end of the return spring abuts against the second surrounding edge, and the other end abuts against the blocking member. The return spring can push the blocking member towards the first surrounding edge to cover the installation hole; an opening and closing control hole is also provided on the end cap, and an opening and closing control portion protrudes from the blocking member. The opening and closing control portion passes through the opening and closing control hole and protrudes from the side of the end cap away from the lamp body. The opening and closing control portion can move in the arrangement direction of the first surrounding edge and the second surrounding edge in the opening and closing control hole to drive the blocking member to open or close the installation hole, which is beneficial to maintaining the closed state of the installation hole, facilitating operation, and further preventing the diffusion plate from falling out of the installation hole.
[0010] Preferably, a limiting block is provided at one end of the guiding post close to the first surrounding edge. The limiting block is used to limit the movement of the blocking member towards the first surrounding edge. When the installation hole is in the closed state, there is a gap between the blocking member and the first surrounding edge, which can avoid damage to components such as the blocking member and the end cap, is beneficial to reducing abnormal noises, and extending the service life of the linear lamp.
[0011] Preferably, the blocking member is in a sheet shape, and a buckle structure is provided on one side of the blocking member. The blocking member can be buckled on the end cap through the buckle structure to cover the installation hole, which is beneficial to reducing costs and simplifying the operation of opening and closing the installation hole.
[0012] Preferably, the lamp body and the installation groove are integrally formed by bending the same metal sheet, without leaving welding marks on the outer side surface of the lamp body, which is beneficial to improving the aesthetics of the linear lamp and optimizing the user experience.
[0013] Preferably, the lamp body and the end cap are made of the same kind of metal sheet with the same thickness, and the outer surfaces of the lamp body and the end cap are sprayed with a coloring layer, so that the lamp body and the end cap present the same color, which can achieve no color difference or an insignificant color difference between the end cap and the lamp body, is beneficial to improving the aesthetic degree of the linear lamp, and optimizing the user experience.
[0014] Preferably, the light-leakage-proof linear lamp further includes a light source board. An installation slot is provided on the inner side wall of the lamp body opposite to the lighting opening, and the light source board is clamped in the installation slot with its light-emitting surface facing the lighting opening, which is beneficial to reducing the production cost and improving the production efficiency. Description of the Drawings
[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative efforts.
[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the lamp body in the embodiment of the present invention;
[0017] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the end cap, the stopper, the guide post and the return spring in the embodiment of the present invention;
[0018] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the end cap in the embodiment of the present invention;
[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the stopper provided with a connecting plate and an opening and closing control part in the embodiment of the present invention;
[0020] Figure 5 It is a side view of the lamp body in the embodiment of the present invention;
[0021] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the lamp body, the diffusion plate and the light source board in the embodiment of the present invention;
[0022] Figure 7 It is Figure 6 a partial enlarged view of part A in
[0023] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the stopper provided with a buckle structure and the end cap in the embodiment of the present invention;
[0024] Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the stopper provided with a buckle structure in the embodiment of the present invention.
[0025] In the accompanying drawings: 1 - lamp body, 11 - lighting opening, 12 - mounting groove, 13 - mounting clamping groove, 14 - circumferential weld, 2 - end cover, 21 - surrounding edge, 211 - first surrounding edge, 212 - second surrounding edge, 22 - mounting hole, 23 - opening and closing control hole, 3 - diffuser plate, 4 - blocking member, 41 - baffle plate, 42 - connecting plate, 43 - opening and closing control portion, 44 - snap structure, 5 - guiding column, 51 - limiting block, 6 - return spring, 7 - gap, 8 - light source board, 81 - light emitting surface.
[0026] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present utility model will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the embodiments. Specific embodiments
[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present utility model, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0028] It should be noted that if there are directional indications in the embodiments of the present utility model, such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc., the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.
[0029] In addition, if there are descriptions such as "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present utility model, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first", "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that those of ordinary skill in the art can implement them. When the combination of technical solutions results in contradictions or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the protection scope required by the present utility model.
[0030] Such as Figures 1 to 9As shown in the figure, a leak-proof linear light with a diffusion plate that is easy to disassemble and assemble includes a lamp body 1, an end cap 2, and a diffusion plate 3. Both the lamp body 1 and the end cap 2 are made of metal. At least one end of the lamp body 1 is provided with an end cap 2, and the end cap 2 is welded to the lamp body 1 to form an annular weld 14 at the junction of the end cap 2 and the lamp body 1. There is an illumination opening 11 on the lamp body 1, and mounting grooves 12 are provided on both sides of the illumination opening 11. The mounting grooves 12 are located on the inner side wall of the lamp body 1. Both the illumination opening 11 and the mounting grooves 12 extend along the length direction of the lamp body 1. The diffusion plate 3 is inserted into the two mounting grooves 12 and covers the illumination opening 11. At least one end cap 2 is provided with a mounting hole 22, and the mounting hole 22 corresponds to the positions of the two mounting grooves 12. The diffusion plate 3 can be inserted into or removed from the mounting grooves 12 through the mounting hole 22.
[0031] Both the lamp body 1 and the end cap 2 are made of metal, enabling the lamp body 1 and the end cap 2 to be fixedly connected by welding. The specific welding method is circumferential welding to form an annular weld 14, which can prevent gaps between the lamp body 1 and the end cap 2, and thus there will be no light leakage during illumination. By providing a mounting hole 22 on the end cap 2 corresponding to the position of the mounting groove 12, even when the end cap 2 is fixedly connected to the lamp body 1, the diffusion plate 3 can still be installed and removed, facilitating the replacement, repair, and cleaning of the diffusion plate 3. Beneficial effects: While facilitating the disassembly and assembly of the diffusion plate 3, it avoids light leakage during illumination, improves the lighting quality, and optimizes the customer experience.
[0032] Specifically, the linear light further includes a light source board 8. After installing the light source board 8 inside the lamp body 1, the end cap 2 can be fixedly connected to the lamp body 1 by circumferential welding to cover the opening at the end of the lamp body 1. After fixing the end cap 2 to the lamp body 1, the mounting hole 22 is aligned with the ends of the two mounting grooves 12. Subsequently, through the mounting hole 22, the diffusion plate 3 is inserted into the mounting grooves 12 on both sides of the illumination opening 11. The openings of the mounting grooves 12 on both sides of the illumination opening 11 are arranged oppositely, and both sides of the diffusion plate 3 are respectively clamped in the two mounting grooves 12. During subsequent use, if the diffusion plate 3 needs to be removed, it is not necessary to remove the entire linear light. Only by gently pressing the diffusion plate 3 through the illumination opening 11 and moving the diffusion plate 3 towards the mounting hole 22, when the diffusion plate 3 protrudes from the mounting hole 22, the diffusion plate 3 can be pulled out.
[0033] In some specific embodiments, referring to Figure 2 、 Figure 8 and Figure 9 , a retaining member 4 is provided on the end cap 2. The retaining member 4 is detachably or movably provided on the end cap 2 to open or close the mounting hole 22.
[0034] A stopper 4 is detachably or movably arranged on the end cap 2, and the purpose is as follows: when the diffusion plate 3 needs to be installed or removed, the stopper 4 is moved away, the installation hole 22 is opened, and the installation and removal of the diffusion plate 3 can be carried out; after the diffusion plate 3 is installed, the stopper 4 covers the installation hole 22. With such a setting, the diffusion plate 3 can be prevented from coming out of the installation hole 22, which is beneficial to improving the structural stability of the linear lamp, extending the service life of the linear lamp, and at the same time does not affect the disassembly and assembly of the diffusion plate 3.
[0035] In some specific embodiments, referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3 On the circumferential side of the end cap 2, a plurality of surrounding edges 21 are provided. The surrounding edges 21 protrude from the side of the end cap 2 close to the lamp body 1. The plurality of surrounding edges 21 include a first surrounding edge 211 and a second surrounding edge 212 arranged oppositely. The installation hole 22 is close to the first surrounding edge 211; a guide post 5 is provided on the second surrounding edge 212. One end of the guide post 5 is fixed on the second surrounding edge 212, and the other end extends towards the first surrounding edge 211. The stopper 4 is sleeved on the guide post 5, and a return spring 6 is also sleeved on the guide post 5. One end of the return spring 6 abuts against the second surrounding edge 212, and the other end abuts against the stopper 4. The return spring 6 can push the stopper 4 towards the first surrounding edge 211 to cover the installation hole 22; an opening and closing control hole 23 is also provided on the end cap 2. An opening and closing control portion 43 protrudes from the stopper 4. The opening and closing control portion 43 passes through the opening and closing control hole 23 and protrudes from the side of the end cap 2 away from the lamp body 1. The opening and closing control portion 43 can move in the arrangement direction of the first surrounding edge 211 and the second surrounding edge 212 in the opening and closing control hole 23 to drive the stopper 4 to open or close the installation hole 22.
[0036] Specifically, the stopper 4 includes a baffle plate 41, and a connecting plate 42 is bent from one side of the baffle plate 41. Two guide holes are provided on the connecting plate 42, and two guide posts 5 are provided on the second surrounding edge 212. The two guide holes are respectively sleeved on the two guide posts 5.
[0037] When the diffusion plate 3 needs to be disassembled and assembled, the opening and closing control portion 43 is toggled to move the stopper 4 towards the second surrounding edge 212 to open the installation hole 22, and at the same time compress the return spring 6; after the disassembly and assembly of the diffusion plate 3 are completed, the opening and closing control portion 43 is released, and the return spring 6 pushes the diffusion plate 3 towards the first surrounding edge 211, so that the stopper 4 covers the installation hole 22. With such a setting, the stopper 4 is not easy to move under the action of the return spring 6, which is beneficial to maintaining the closed state of the installation hole 22; after the installation hole 22 is opened, the installation hole 22 can be automatically closed by releasing the opening and closing control portion 43, which is convenient for operation and further prevents the diffusion plate 3 from coming out of the installation hole 22.
[0038] In some specific embodiments, referring to Figure 2, a limiting block 51 is provided at one end of the guiding column 5 close to the first surrounding edge 211. The limiting block 51 is used to limit the movement of the blocking member 4 towards the first surrounding edge 211. When the mounting hole 22 is in a closed state, a gap 7 is left between the blocking member 4 and the first surrounding edge 211.
[0039] The limiting block 51 can limit the movement of the blocking member 4 towards the first surrounding edge 211, so that when the return spring 6 pushes the blocking member 4 towards the first surrounding edge 211, the blocking member 4 will not contact the first surrounding edge 211, avoiding the collision between the blocking member 4 and the first surrounding edge 211, and preventing the damage of components such as the blocking member 4 and the end cap 2, which is beneficial to reducing abnormal noise and prolonging the service life of the linear lamp.
[0040] In some specific embodiments, referring to Figure 8 and Figure 9 , the blocking member 4 is in a sheet shape, and a buckle structure 44 is provided on one side of the blocking member 4. The blocking member 4 can be snapped onto the end cap 2 through the buckle structure 44 to cover the mounting hole 22.
[0041] When it is necessary to close the mounting hole 22, press the blocking member 4 against the mounting hole 22 so that the buckle structure 44 is snapped onto the end cap 2; when it is necessary to open the mounting hole 22, squeeze both ends of the blocking member 4 so that the buckle structure 44 is disengaged from the end cap 2, and then take out the blocking member 4. With this setting, it is beneficial to reduce costs and simplify the operation of opening and closing the mounting hole 22.
[0042] In some specific embodiments, referring to Figure 5 , the lamp body 1 and the mounting groove 12 are integrally formed by bending a same metal sheet.
[0043] Specifically, the lamp body 1 and the mounting groove 12 are integrally formed by sheet metal processing, which is beneficial to improving the structural stability of the lamp body 1 and the mounting groove 12.
[0044] In the existing linear lamps, generally, a metal plate is additionally welded on the inner side wall of the lamp body 1 to form the mounting groove 12, but this will cause welding marks on the outer side surface of the lamp body 1, affecting the aesthetics of the linear lamp. However, in this embodiment, the lamp body 1 and the mounting groove 12 are integrally formed, and no welding marks will be left on the outer side surface of the lamp body 1, which is beneficial to improving the aesthetics of the linear lamp and optimizing the user experience.
[0045] In some specific embodiments, referring to Figure 1 , the lamp body 1 and the end cap 2 are made of the same kind of metal sheet with the same thickness, and the outer surfaces of the lamp body 1 and the end cap 2 are sprayed with a coloring layer, so that the lamp body 1 and the end cap 2 present the same color.
[0046] In the existing linear lights, the lamp body 1 is generally made of metal, and the end cap 2 is generally made of plastic. After powder spraying and coloring, there will be an obvious color difference between the two, which affects the aesthetics of the linear light. In this embodiment, the lamp body 1 and the end cap 2 are made of metal plates with the same thickness. Specifically, they are both made of the same metal sheet through sheet metal processing. After powder spraying and coloring, the end cap 2 and the lamp body 1 can present the same color, and there is no color difference or the color difference is not obvious between the end cap 2 and the lamp body 1, which is beneficial to improving the aesthetics of the linear light and optimizing the user experience.
[0047] In some specific embodiments, referring to Figure 6 and Figure 7 the linear light further includes a light source board 8. An installation slot 13 is provided on the inner side wall of the lamp body 1 opposite to the lighting opening 11. The light source board 8 is clamped in the installation slot 13 and its light emitting surface 81 faces the lighting opening 11.
[0048] In the prior art, the light source board 8 is generally fixed to the inner side of the lamp body 1 with glue, and the next operation can only be carried out after the glue dries. This not only has a high cost but also is not conducive to improving production efficiency. In this embodiment, when assembling, the light source board 8 is directly clamped in the installation slot 13, and then the next process can be carried out, which is beneficial to reducing production costs and improving production efficiency.
[0049] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformation made under the inventive concept of the present invention by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields, is included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A light leakage prevention line light with a diffusion plate that is easy to disassemble and assemble, characterized in that: The lamp body (1) comprises a lamp body (1), an end cover (2) and a diffusion plate (3), wherein the lamp body (1) and the end cover (2) are both made of metal material, the end cover (2) is provided at at least one end of the lamp body (1), the end cover (2) is welded to the lamp body (1), and an annular weld (14) is formed at the intersection of the end cover (2) and the lamp body (1); The lamp body (1) is provided with a lighting opening (11), and mounting grooves (12) are provided on both sides of the lighting opening (11), and the mounting grooves (12) are located on the inner side walls of the lamp body (1), and the lighting opening (11) and the mounting grooves (12) both extend along the length direction of the lamp body (1), and the diffusion plate (3) is inserted into the two mounting grooves (12) and covers the lighting opening (11); At least one of the end covers (2) is provided with a mounting hole (22), the mounting hole (22) corresponds to the positions of the two mounting slots (12), and the diffuser plate (3) can be inserted into the mounting slot (12) or detached from the mounting slot (12) through the mounting hole (22).
2. The light leakage-proof line light with a diffusion plate that is easy to disassemble and assemble according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end cover (2) is provided with a stopper (4), and the stopper (4) is detachably or movably arranged on the end cover (2) to open or close the installation hole (22).
3. The light leakage prevention line light with a diffusion plate that is easy to disassemble and assemble according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of surrounding edges (21) are provided on the circumference of the end cover (2), the surrounding edges (21) protrude from a side of the end cover (2) close to the lamp body (1), the plurality of surrounding edges (21) include a first surrounding edge (211) and a second surrounding edge (212) arranged opposite to each other, and the mounting hole (22) is close to the first surrounding edge (211); A guide column (5) is provided on the second surrounding edge (212), one end of the guide column (5) is fixed on the second surrounding edge (212), and the other end extends toward the first surrounding edge (211); the blocking member (4) is sleeved on the guide column (5); a return spring (6) is also sleeved on the guide column (5), one end of the return spring (6) abuts against the second surrounding edge (212), and the other end abuts against the stopper (4); the return spring (6) can push the stopper (4) toward the first surrounding edge (211) to cover the mounting hole (22); The end cover (2) is also provided with an opening and closing control hole (23), and the blocking member (4) is protrudingly formed with an opening and closing control portion (43), the opening and closing control portion (43) being inserted into the opening and closing control hole (23) and protruding from a side of the end cover (2) away from the lamp body (1), and the opening and closing control portion (43) can move within the opening and closing control hole (23) along the arrangement direction of the first surrounding edge (211) and the second surrounding edge (212) to drive the blocking member (4) to open or close the mounting hole (22).
4. The light leakage prevention line light with a diffusion plate that is easy to disassemble and assemble according to claim 3, characterized in that: A limit block (51) is provided at one end of the guide column (5) close to the first surrounding edge (211), and the limit block (51) is used to limit the movement of the stopper (4) toward the first surrounding edge (211). When the mounting hole (22) is in a closed state, a gap (7) is left between the stopper (4) and the first surrounding edge (211).
5. The light leakage-proof line light with a diffusion plate that is easy to disassemble and assemble according to claim 2, characterized in that: The blocking member (4) is in the form of a sheet, and a buckle structure (44) is provided on one side of the blocking member (4). The blocking member (4) can be buckled onto the end cover (2) through the buckle structure (44) and cover the mounting hole (22).
6. The light leakage-proof line light with a diffusion plate that is easy to disassemble and assemble according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lamp body (1) and the mounting groove (12) are integrally formed from the same metal plate by bending.
7. The light leakage prevention line light with a diffusion plate that is easy to disassemble and assemble according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: The lamp body (1) and the end cover (2) are made of the same type of metal sheet with the same thickness, and the outer surfaces of the lamp body (1) and the end cover (2) are sprayed with a coloring layer, so that the lamp body (1) and the end cover (2) present the same color.
8. The light leakage prevention line light with a diffusion plate that is easy to disassemble and assemble according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a light source board (8); a mounting slot (13) is provided on the inner side wall of the lamp body (1) opposite to the lighting opening (11); the light source board (8) is mounted in the mounting slot (13) with its light emitting surface (81) facing the lighting opening (11).