Solar heating and hot water supply combined supply system

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of heating and hot water supply systems, in particular to a solar heating and hot water supply duplex system which comprises a heat source heat exchanger arranged between a solar photo-thermal system and a heat supply and storage system in a coupling mode. The tail end of the heating loop and the tail end of the hot water supply loop are connected with a multi-layer heating terminal and a multi-layer water using terminal correspondingly. The system can utilize solar energy to supply heat and hot water to the maximum extent, the utilization efficiency of energy is improved, and the heat utilization occasion is expanded. The requirements of different users are met, the comfort of the users is improved, and heat supply and hot water supply are more balanced and uniform. The heating station can run all year round, and the problem that the solar central heating station is idle in non-heating seasons is solved. Hot water is not in direct contact with a heating pipeline, and the used hot water meets the domestic water standard. Hot water use cost is lower than that of an electric water heater; and the floor area is small, and the device is suitable for most public buildings and residential buildings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of heating and hot water supply systems, in particular to a solar heating and hot water dual-supply system. Background Technique

[0002] As a clean energy source, solar energy has been widely used. Central heating systems are conducive to centralized management, convenient maintenance, high thermal efficiency, etc., and are the mainstream heating methods at home and abroad. In recent years, solar central heating has been widely used in some areas with rich solar energy resources such as Tibet. Solar heating has the advantages of environmental friendliness and low operating costs.

[0003] At present, domestic central heating systems only provide heat to heat the indoor heating terminals, such as radiators, fan coils, floor coils, etc., and can only meet the single function of indoor heating. Especially for solar heating systems, solar heat cannot be effectively utilized during the non-heating season, and solar equipment is idle and in a stopped state, and measures also need to be taken to avoid system overheating. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a solar heating and hot water dual-supply system that can maximize the utilization of solar energy for heating and hot water supply, improve the energy utilization efficiency, expand the heat-using occasions, meet the needs of different users, improve the comfort of users, and make the supply of heating and hot water more balanced and uniform, aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art.

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is realized through the following technical solutions. A solar heating and hot water dual-supply system includes a solar thermal system and a heat supply and storage system. A heat source heat exchanger is coupled between the solar thermal system and the heat supply and storage system. The heat supply and storage system includes a heating circuit and a hot water supply circuit arranged in parallel. The end of the heating circuit is connected with multiple layers of heating terminals, and the end of the hot water supply circuit is connected with multiple layers of water-using terminals; the system can maximize the utilization of solar energy for heating and hot water supply, improve the energy utilization efficiency, meet the needs of different users, improve the comfort of users, and make the supply of heating and hot water more balanced and uniform.

[0006] A volume heat exchanger is provided on the hot water supply circuit. A heat exchange coil is arranged inside the volume heat exchanger. A heat exchange inlet pipe and a heat exchange return pipe that are communicated with each other are arranged between the heat exchange coil and the heat source heat exchanger. The heat exchange inlet pipe is sequentially provided with a first temperature sensor and an electric valve along the water inlet direction. The first temperature sensor detects the real-time water temperature T1 at the heat exchange water inlet, and sets the T1 set value according to the heat exchange temperature difference of the volume heat exchanger;

[0007] The volumetric heat exchanger is equipped with an auxiliary heater, which provides additional heat when the solar energy supply is insufficient to ensure the stable operation of the hot water supply system. A hot water supply pipe and a hot water return pipe are connected to the volumetric heat exchanger. Multiple water-using terminals are arranged between the hot water supply pipe and the hot water return pipe. A second temperature sensor is provided on the volumetric heat exchanger, and the second temperature sensor detects the real-time water temperature T2 inside the volumetric heat exchanger, which is determined according to the T2 set value and the temperature difference of the volumetric heat exchanger; the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor monitor the water temperatures at the water inlet and inside the volumetric heat exchanger in real time. Adjustment is made according to the set temperature value to ensure that the system operates within the optimal temperature range and provides stable heating and hot water. Compare T1 and T2 with the T1 set temperature and the T2 set temperature respectively, and feedback information to control the start and stop of the electric valve. Through the comparison of the temperature sensor data with the set value, the system can intelligently control the start and stop of the electric valve. This automatic adjustment can optimize the heat distribution and reduce energy waste.

[0008] As a further solution of the present utility model, the T1 set value is default 40°C and adjustable, and the T2 set value is default 45°C and adjustable.

[0009] As a further solution of the present utility model, when T1 is greater than the T1 set value and T2 is lower than the T2 set temperature, the electric valve is opened, and the cold water inside the volumetric heat exchanger is heated to the T2 set temperature and then the electric valve is closed, and the heating stops. When T1 is greater than the T1 set value, it indicates that the heat source has sufficient heat transfer capacity. At this time, the electric valve is opened to effectively transfer the heat to the volumetric heat exchanger, improving the thermal energy utilization efficiency. By monitoring T2 and comparing it with the T2 set temperature, the system can ensure that the water temperature inside the volumetric heat exchanger can reach the set value. Provide stable and comfortable hot water supply, and avoid the problem that the water temperature is too low affecting the use experience.

[0010] As a further solution of the present utility model, when T2 is lower than the T2 set temperature and T1 is less than the T1 set value, the electric valve is closed and the auxiliary heater is turned on to heat the volumetric heat exchanger. Ensure that even when T1 cannot meet the demand, the water temperature can be effectively increased to maintain the stable hot water supply of the system. By starting the auxiliary heater when T1 is insufficient, the heat can be effectively supplemented, avoiding the decline of the heating capacity of the system due to insufficient heat source. In the case where the heat source cannot reach the set temperature, automatically starting the auxiliary heater can avoid excessive dependence on the heat source, reduce the burden on the heat source, and reduce the overall pressure and failure risk of the system.

[0011] As a further solution of the utility model, a hot water circulation pump is provided on the hot water return pipe of the volumetric heat exchanger. A tap water inlet is provided at the bottom of the volumetric heat exchanger, and the tap water inlet is connected to a tap water pipe. The hot water circulation pump can ensure the uniform flow of hot water in the system, improve the heat exchange efficiency, and ensure that the volumetric heat exchanger can quickly and effectively transfer heat to the system. It maintains the stability of the water flow and prevents the influence of flow fluctuations on the heat exchange effect.

[0012] As a further solution of the utility model, the volumetric heat exchanger adopts a pressure-bearing coil water tank, and the heat exchange coil is a large-diameter copper coil.

[0013] As a further solution of the utility model, the volumetric heat exchanger adopts a non-pressure-bearing coil water tank, and the non-pressure-bearing coil water tank is arranged on the roof.

[0014] As a further solution of the utility model, the heating circuit includes a heating supply pipe and a heating return pipe. The heat exchange inlet pipe is connected to the heating return pipe, and the heat exchange return pipe is connected to the heating supply pipe. A heating circulation pump is provided on the heating return pipe between the heat source heat exchanger and the heat exchange inlet pipe. This ensures that the heat in the heat exchanger can be effectively transferred to the heating system, improves the heating efficiency, and the hot water is evenly distributed in the heating system, avoiding the phenomenon of local overheating or overcooling and improving the overall heating comfort. The heating circulation pump prevents the water flow from stagnating in the heating circuit, ensuring that the hot water in the system always flows, thus avoiding the formation of sediments and corrosion problems and improving the long-term stability and reliability of the system. The heat of the heat source is fully utilized, improving the overall utilization efficiency of the heat source.

[0015] As a further solution of the utility model, the solar thermal system includes a solar collector, a solar heating pipe, and a solar return pipe connected to the heat source heat exchanger. A heat source circulation pump is provided on the solar return pipe.

[0016] As a further solution of the utility model, the multi-layer water use terminal includes multi-layer and multi-unit water use users. For each unit, a hot water main pipe and a return water main pipe are vertically arranged from the first floor to the Nth floor. The bottom end of each hot water main pipe is connected to the hot water supply pipe, and the bottom end of each return water main pipe is connected to the hot water return pipe. The top ends of each hot water main pipe and the corresponding return water main pipe are interconnected and provided with exhaust valves. The hot water main pipe is provided with a water outlet terminal pipe at each floor, and a hot water water meter is provided on the water outlet terminal pipe. The water outlet terminal is a faucet or a shower head. The reasonable arrangement of the hot water main pipe and the return water main pipe and the setting of the exhaust valve ensure the uniform distribution of hot water on each floor, prevent the problem of uneven hot water distribution, and improve the water use comfort.

[0017] The exhaust valve effectively removes air bubbles in the system, preventing poor water flow caused by air bubbles, thereby improving the stability of the system and water use efficiency. The hot water main pipe and the return water main pipe arranged in layers make the maintenance and repair of each layer more convenient, reducing the maintenance cost and difficulty.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows:

[0019] A solar heating and hot water dual supply system provided by the present utility model includes a solar thermal system and a heat supply and storage system. A heat source heat exchanger is coupled between the solar thermal system and the heat supply and storage system. The heat supply and storage system includes a heating circuit and a hot water supply circuit arranged in parallel with each other. The end of the heating circuit is connected to multi-layer heating terminals, and the end of the hot water supply circuit is connected to multi-layer water use terminals; the system can maximize the use of solar energy for heating and hot water supply, improving the energy utilization efficiency. It meets the needs of different users, improves the comfort of users, and makes the supply of heating and hot water more balanced and uniform.

[0020] It realizes two functions of heating and hot water supply, expanding the heat use occasions. It enables the heat supply station to operate throughout the year, avoiding the idle problem of the solar central heating station during the non-heating season and giving full play to the advantages of the solar central heating station. The hot water does not directly contact the heating pipeline, and the hot water used can meet the domestic water standard. The cost of using hot water is much lower than that of an electric water heater. Moreover, it occupies a small area and is suitable for use in most public buildings and residential buildings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the system principle of the present utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the connection principle of the multi-layer water use terminal and the multi-layer heating terminal of the present utility model.

[0023] Wherein: 1 - solar collector, 101 - solar heating pipe, 102 - solar return pipe, 121 - heat source circulation pump, 2 - heat source heat exchanger, 201 - heating and hot water supply pipe, 202 - heating return pipe, 222 - heat supply circulation pump, 3 - volume heat exchanger, 301 - heat exchange return pipe, 311 - first temperature sensor, 312 - electric valve, 302 - heat exchange inlet pipe, 303 - heat exchange coil, 304 - auxiliary heater, 305 - second temperature sensor, 306 - tap water pipe, 4 - multi-layer water use terminal, 401 - hot water supply pipe, 402 - hot water return pipe, 421 - hot water circulation pump, 403 - exhaust valve, 404 - hot water water meter, 5 - multi-layer heating terminal. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0024] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model clearer and more understandable, the present utility model will be further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present utility model and are not used to limit the present utility model.

[0025] The serial numbers assigned to components in this article, such as "first", "second", etc., are only used to distinguish the objects described and do not have any sequential or technical meanings. The "connection" and "coupling" mentioned in this application, unless otherwise specified, both include direct and indirect connections (couplings). In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present utility model.

[0026] In the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a higher horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "beneath" and "underneath" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a lower horizontal height than the second feature.

[0027] As Figures 1 to 2 shown, a solar heating and hot water dual supply system includes a solar thermal system and a heat supply and storage system. The solar thermal system includes a solar collector connected to a heat source heat exchanger, a solar heating pipe 101 and a solar return pipe 102. A heat source circulation pump 121 is provided on the solar return pipe. Using solar energy as the main heat source, by starting the heating circulation pump 222 on the solar return pipe, the circulation of hot water is ensured, the hot water circulation is quickly adjusted, heat retention in the system is avoided, and the response speed of the system to temperature changes is ensured, so that users can obtain a stable hot water supply.

[0028] A heat source heat exchanger 2 is coupled between the solar thermal system and the heating and heat storage system. The heating and heat storage system includes a heating loop and a hot water supply loop arranged in parallel. The heat in the heat source heat exchanger is supplied to the hot water supply loop while being supplied to the heating loop. A multi-layer heating terminal 5 is connected to the end of the heating loop. The heating loop includes a heating supply pipe 201 and a heating return pipe 202. The heat exchange inlet pipe is connected to the heating return pipe, and the heat exchange return pipe 301 is connected to the heating supply pipe 201. A heating circulation pump 222 is provided on the heating return pipe between the heat source heat exchanger and the heat exchange inlet pipe. This ensures that the heat in the heat exchanger can be effectively transferred to the heating system, the hot water is evenly distributed in the heating system, avoiding local overheating or overcooling phenomena, and improving the overall heating comfort. When the circulation pump starts, it drives the heat in the heat source heat exchanger to continuously circulate in the system, and the heat of the heat source is fully utilized.

[0029] A multi-layer water-using terminal 4 is connected to the end of the hot water supply loop; the system can maximize the use of solar energy for heating and supplying hot water. The multi-layer water-using terminal 4 includes multi-layer and multi-unit water-using users. For each unit, a hot water main pipe and a return water main pipe are vertically arranged from the first floor to the Nth floor. The bottom end of each hot water main pipe is connected to the hot water supply pipe, and the bottom end of each return water main pipe is connected to the return hot water pipe. The reasonable arrangement of the hot water main pipe and the return water main pipe ensures the even distribution of hot water on each floor. The hot water can selectively enter the water-using terminals on different floors, ensuring that multi-unit water-using users on each floor can be supplied with hot water in a timely manner.

[0030] The top ends of each hot water main pipe and the corresponding return water main pipe are interconnected and provided with an exhaust valve 403. The hot water main pipe is provided with a water outlet terminal pipe at each floor, and a hot water water meter 404 is provided on the water outlet terminal pipe. The water outlet terminal is a faucet or a shower head. The exhaust valve effectively removes the air bubbles in the system, and the hot water will not have poor water flow caused by air bubbles during the high-rise water supply process.

[0031] A volumetric heat exchanger 3 is provided on the hot water supply return loop. A heat exchange coil 303 is provided inside the volumetric heat exchanger. The volumetric heat exchanger uses a pressure-bearing coil water tank, and the heat exchange coil 303 is made of a large-diameter copper coil. The hot water heat in the heat source heat exchanger passes through the heat exchange coil and exchanges heat with the cold water in the volumetric heat exchanger. The temperature of the cold water in the volumetric heat exchanger 3 rises and is temporarily stored in the volumetric heat exchanger for use by the multi-layer water-using terminal at any time.

[0032] When the volumetric heat exchanger 3 uses a non-pressure-bearing coil water tank, the non-pressure-bearing coil water tank is arranged on the roof. The water pressure stored in the volumetric heat exchanger is small and will not cause pressure deformation to the wall of the volumetric heat exchanger.

[0033] A heat exchange inlet pipe 302 and a heat exchange return pipe 301 which are communicated with each other are arranged between the heat exchange coil and the heat source heat exchanger, and a hot water circulation pump 421 is arranged on the hot water return pipe of the volume type heat exchanger. The hot water circulation pump can ensure the uniform flow of hot water in the system, improve the heat exchange efficiency, and ensure that the volume type heat exchanger can quickly and effectively transfer heat to the system. Keep the water flow stable and prevent the influence of flow fluctuation on the heat exchange effect.

[0034] A tap water inlet is arranged at the bottom of the volume type heat exchanger, and a tap water pipe 306 is connected to the tap water inlet, and tap water is replenished into the volume type heat exchanger along the tap water pipe at any time.

[0035] A first temperature sensor 311 and an electric valve 312 are arranged on the heat exchange inlet pipe in sequence along the water inlet direction. The first temperature sensor detects the real-time water temperature T1 at the heat exchange water inlet, and sets the T1 set value according to the heat exchange temperature difference of the volume type heat exchanger. The T1 set value is default 40°C and adjustable; the T1 set value is adjusted to increase or decrease according to the actual situation.

[0036] An auxiliary heater 304 is arranged in the volume type heat exchanger to provide extra heat when the solar energy supply is insufficient, and ensure the stable operation of the hot water supply system. A hot water supply pipe 401 and a hot water return pipe 402 are connected to the volume type heat exchanger 3. The multi-layer water using terminal 4 is arranged between the hot water supply pipe 401 and the hot water return pipe 402. A second temperature sensor 305 is arranged on the volume type heat exchanger. The second temperature sensor detects the real-time water temperature T2 in the volume type heat exchanger, which is determined according to the T2 set value and the heat exchange temperature difference of the volume type heat exchanger. The T2 set value is default 45°C and adjustable; the first temperature sensor 311 and the second temperature sensor 305 can monitor the water temperatures at the water inlet and in the volume type heat exchanger in real time. Adjust according to the set temperature value to ensure that the system operates within the optimal temperature range and provides stable heating and hot water. By comparing the temperature sensor data with the set value, the system can intelligently control the start and stop of the electric valve to achieve the purpose of controlling heat distribution.

[0037] Compare T1 and T2 with the T1 set temperature and the T2 set temperature respectively, and feedback information to control the start and stop of the electric valve. It includes the following two modes.

[0038] Embodiment 1

[0039] In the first mode, when T1 is greater than the set value of T1 and T2 is lower than the set temperature of T2, the electric valve 312 is opened. The cold water in the volumetric heat exchanger is heated to the set temperature of T2, and then the electric valve is closed, and the heating stops. When T1 is greater than the set value of T1, T2 is monitored and compared with the set temperature of T2. When T2 is lower than the set temperature of T2 and the heat source heat exchanger 2 has sufficient heat transfer capacity, the electric valve 312 is started to transfer heat to the volumetric heat exchanger 3 until the water temperature T2 in the volumetric heat exchanger reaches the set temperature of T2, and then the electric valve is closed. The hot water in the volumetric heat exchanger 3 is ready for use at any time.

[0040] Embodiment 2

[0041] In the second mode, when T2 is lower than the set temperature of T2 and T1 is less than the set value of T1, the electric valve 312 is closed and the auxiliary heater 304 is turned on to heat the volumetric heat exchanger 3. When the heat source heat exchanger does not have sufficient heat transfer capacity, the electric valve is closed, and the heat source heat exchanger cannot transfer heat into the volumetric heat exchanger.

[0042] The auxiliary heater 304 is turned on to heat the volumetric heat exchanger 3 to supplement the heat energy until T2 reaches the set temperature of T2, and then the heating stops. Starting the auxiliary heater 304 can avoid excessive dependence on the heat supply source of the heat source heat exchanger and reduce the burden on the heat supply source of the heat source heat exchanger. The hot water in the volumetric heat exchanger is ready for use at any time.

[0043] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope described in this specification.

[0044] The above embodiments only represent several implementation manners of the present invention. The description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A solar heating and hot water supply system, characterized in that: It comprises a solar thermal system and a heat supply and heat storage system, wherein a heat source heat exchanger (2) is coupled between the solar thermal system and the heat supply and heat storage system, and the heat supply and heat storage system comprises a heating circuit and a hot water supply circuit which are arranged in parallel with each other, wherein the end of the heating circuit is connected to a multi-layer heating terminal (5), and the end of the hot water supply circuit is connected to a multi-layer water terminal (4); A volumetric heat exchanger (3) is provided on the hot water supply circuit, a heat exchange coil (303) is provided in the volumetric heat exchanger, a heat exchange water inlet pipe (302) and a heat exchange water return pipe (301) are provided between the heat exchange coil and the heat source heat exchanger, and the heat exchange water inlet pipe is provided with a first temperature sensor (311) and an electric valve (312) in sequence along the water inlet direction, the first temperature sensor detects the real-time water temperature T1 at the heat exchange water inlet, and sets the T1 set value according to the heat exchange temperature difference of the volumetric heat exchanger; An auxiliary heater (304) is provided in the volumetric heat exchanger, a hot water supply pipe (401) and a hot water return pipe (402) are connected to the volumetric heat exchanger, a multi-layer water terminal (4) is arranged between the hot water supply pipe and the hot water return pipe, and a second temperature sensor (305) is provided on the volumetric heat exchanger, the second temperature sensor detects the real-time water temperature T2 in the volumetric heat exchanger, and determines the temperature according to the set value of T2 and the temperature difference of the volumetric heat exchanger; T1 and T2 are compared with the set temperature of T1 and T2 respectively, and the feedback information is used to control the start and stop of the electric valve.

2. A solar heating and hot water supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The T1 setting value is adjustable at 40°C by default, and the T2 setting value is adjustable at 45°C by default.

3. A solar heating and hot water supply dual supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that: When T1 is greater than the set value of T1 and T2 is lower than the set temperature of T2, the electric valve (312) opens, the cold water in the volumetric heat exchanger is heated to the set temperature of T2, and the electric valve closes, and the heating stops.

4. A solar heating and hot water supply dual supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that: When T2 is lower than T2 set temperature and T1 is lower than T1 set value, the electric valve (312) is closed and the auxiliary heater (304) is turned on to heat the volumetric heat exchanger.

5. A solar heating and hot water supply dual supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A hot water circulation pump (421) is provided on the return water pipe of the volumetric heat exchanger, and a tap water inlet is provided at the bottom of the volumetric heat exchanger, and the tap water inlet is connected to a tap water pipe (306).

6. A solar heating and hot water supply dual supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The volumetric heat exchanger (3) adopts a pressure coil water tank, and the heat exchange coil is a large-diameter copper coil.

7. A solar heating and hot water supply dual supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The volumetric heat exchanger (3) adopts a non-pressure coil water tank, and the non-pressure coil water tank is arranged on the roof.

8. A solar heating and hot water supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heating circuit comprises a heating water supply pipe (201) and a heating water return pipe (202), the heat exchange water inlet pipe is connected to the heating water return pipe, the heat exchange water return pipe is connected to the heating water supply pipe, and a heating circulation pump (222) is provided on the heating water return pipe between the heat source heat exchanger and the heat exchange water inlet pipe.

9. A solar heating and hot water supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The solar thermal system comprises a solar collector (1) connected to a heat source heat exchanger, a solar heat supply pipe (101) and a solar heat recovery pipe (102), wherein a heat source circulation pump (121) is provided on the solar heat recovery pipe.

10. The solar heating and hot water supply dual supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-layer water terminal (4) comprises multi-layer multi-unit water users, each unit is vertically provided with a hot water main pipe and a return water main pipe from the first floor to the Nth floor, the bottom end of each hot water main pipe is connected to the hot water supply pipe, the bottom end of each return water main pipe is connected to the return water pipe, each hot water main pipe and the corresponding return water main pipe are interconnected at the top and are provided with an exhaust valve (403), each hot water main pipe is provided with a water outlet terminal pipe at each floor, a hot water meter (404) is provided on the water outlet terminal pipe, and the water outlet terminal is a faucet or a shower.

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