Simulation experiment device for dissolution and migration behaviors of heavy metals in soil

Abstract

The utility model provides a simulation experiment device for dissolution and migration behaviors of heavy metals in soil. The simulation experiment device comprises a supporting device, an angle adjusting device, a drainage device, a filtrate collecting device and a soil bearing device from bottom to top. When the device is used for researching the problems of leaching and runoff caused by rainfall, leaching solutions of different soil layers are collected through the trapezoidal flow guide table; the slope conditions of different actual soil can be fitted more practically by adopting the angle adjusting device; meanwhile, the filtrate collecting device is used for collecting and filtering leachate of soil layers at different positions and heights, and subsequent analysis and research are carried out through the drainage device. Compared with the prior art, the device can more comprehensively simulate the dissolution and migration behaviors of heavy metals in natural soil in natural rainfall. By adopting the device, the migration behaviors of the heavy metals in the soil in the horizontal and vertical directions can be simulated and experimented, and the efficiency of research work of problems of leaching and runoff caused by rainfall is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of heavy metal migration and transformation in soil, in particular to a simulation experiment device for the dissolution and migration behavior of heavy metals in soil. Background Technique

[0002] A large amount of waste residue generated by the mining activities of existing mines is usually piled up around the mines, which not only occupies a large amount of land resources, but also poses a threat to the surrounding environment because of its complex composition and harmful substances such as heavy metals. According to the data, there are 357 open-pit coal mines in the country, with a production capacity of 1.162 billion tons, an average production capacity of 3.25 million tons / year, about 3 times that of underground mines, and more than 30 open-pit mines with a production capacity of 10 million tons or more. According to statistics, the output of mine solid waste in China in 2020 was 3.145 billion tons, and the compound annual growth rate of output from 2015 to 2020 was 0.9%. Generally speaking, the output of mine solid waste has basically maintained a stable growth trend in recent years.

[0003] Heavy metals are one of the main pollutants in mining waste residue. Under natural conditions, especially under the action of rainfall, the heavy metals in the waste residue will accelerate their dissolution. Rainfall can transfer the dissolved heavy metals from the waste residue to a wide range of areas, including soil, surface water and groundwater, through the formation of surface runoff or infiltration into the ground, thus causing widespread environmental pollution. The formation and migration of runoff are an important mechanism for rainfall to affect the migration of heavy metals in waste residue. In addition, acid rain can further accelerate the dissolution of heavy metals because the acidic environment helps the dissolution of minerals and the release of heavy metal ions. The problem of heavy metal migration and distribution caused by rainfall is not limited to the surrounding areas of the mining area, and long-term accumulation may also pose a threat to the ecological environment and human living safety in a wider area. Therefore, studying the specific effects and mechanisms of rainfall on the dissolution and migration of heavy metals in waste residue is of great significance for formulating effective environmental protection measures and mine land reclamation policies.

[0004] The existing experimental devices for the horizontal and vertical migration and transformation research of heavy metals generally have a relatively simple structure, and can only separately achieve the research on the horizontal or vertical migration of pollutants in soil, and it is difficult to simultaneously consider the leaching and runoff caused by rainfall in the natural environment, making it impossible to comprehensively analyze the dissolution and migration mechanisms of heavy metals in the environment. This requires repeated experiments, which are time-consuming and laborious, reduce work efficiency, and have poor results. Content of the Utility Model

[0005] The main purpose of the utility model is to provide a simulation experiment device for the dissolution and migration behavior of heavy metals in soil, aiming to solve the problems in the prior art such as incomplete analysis of the experiments related to the dissolution and migration behavior of heavy metals in soil, multiple repeated experiments, and low experimental efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present utility model provides a simulation experimental device for the dissolution and migration behavior of heavy metals in soil. The simulation experimental device for the dissolution and migration behavior of heavy metals in soil includes, from bottom to top: a support device, an angle adjustment device, a drainage device, a filtrate collection device, and a soil bearing device.

[0007] The soil bearing device is rotatably connected to the support device through the angle adjustment device.

[0008] The soil bearing device includes a hollow box body and a trapezoidal diversion platform fixedly connected to one end of the box body; and there is a slot at the connection between the box body and the trapezoidal diversion platform.

[0009] The drainage device is arranged at the bottom of the box body and communicates with the box body.

[0010] The filtrate collection device is located inside the soil bearing device to collect and filter the leachate of soil layers at different position heights.

[0011] Preferably, the angle adjustment device includes a rotation assembly, an angle adjustment plate, a moving bolt, and a supporting ring.

[0012] The rotation assembly is arranged on the side of the support device away from the trapezoidal diversion platform and is rotatably connected to the bottom of the box body so that the soil bearing device rotates around the rotation assembly.

[0013] The angle adjustment plate is fixedly connected to the other side of the top of the support device; and holes at different position heights and on the same arc are provided on the angle adjustment plate.

[0014] The supporting ring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the soil bearing device near the angle adjustment plate; and the supporting ring can be nestedly connected to each of the holes of the angle adjustment plate through the moving bolt.

[0015] Preferably, the rotation assembly includes a fixed bolt and a rotating ring; the fixed bolt is welded to one side of the top of the support device; the rotating ring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the box body; and the fixed bolt and the rotating ring are nestedly connected.

[0016] Preferably, the support device includes a base and a support frame; the bottom of the support frame is fixedly connected to the base; the top of the support frame is rotatably connected to the box body.

[0017] Preferably, the support device further includes universal wheels; and the universal wheels are fixedly connected to the four corners of the lower surface of the base.

[0018] Preferably, the drainage device includes a plurality of groups of conduits and valves; the conduits are matched with the valves, and each group is arranged at intervals at the bottom of the box.

[0019] Preferably, the filtrate collecting device comprises a guide groove and a filter screen; the guide groove is fixed to the inside of the box body through a connecting rod; and the filter screen is fixed to the groove through a fixing member.

[0020] Preferably, the shape of the guide groove includes a U-shaped guide groove, a T-shaped guide groove or a concave guide groove.

[0021] Preferably, the soil bearing device further comprises a baffle movably connected to an end of the box body away from the trapezoidal guide platform; and the baffle plate is hinged to the box body.

[0022] Preferably, the trapezoidal guide platform has multiple layers.

[0023] Beneficial effects achieved by the utility model:

[0024] The simulation experimental device for the dissolution and migration behavior of heavy metals in soil in the utility model collects leaching liquid from different soil layers through the trapezoidal diversion platform in the soil bearing device during the research work on the problems of leaching and runoff caused by rainfall; an angle adjustment device is used to make the soil bearing device form different inclination angles with the ground to achieve a more practical fit to the slope conditions of different actual soils; at the same time, the filtrate collection device inside the soil bearing device can collect and filter the leaching liquid from soil layers at different heights, and the drainage device at the bottom of the box of the soil bearing device can be used for subsequent analysis and research.

[0025] Compared with existing technologies, this device can more comprehensively simulate the dissolution and migration behavior of heavy metals in natural soil during natural rainfall. The migration behavior of heavy metals in soil in both horizontal and vertical directions can be simulated by this device, further improving the efficiency of research work on leaching and runoff caused by rainfall. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a simulation experimental device for heavy metal dissolution and migration behavior in soil according to an optional embodiment of the utility model;

[0028] Figure 2Left view of the structural schematic diagram of the simulation experiment device for heavy metal dissolution and migration behavior in soil according to an alternative embodiment of the present utility model;

[0029] Figure 3 Front view of the structural schematic diagram of the simulation experiment device for heavy metal dissolution and migration behavior in soil according to an alternative embodiment of the present utility model.

[0030] The realization of the purpose of the present utility model, its functional characteristics and advantages will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments with reference to the drawings. Specific embodiments

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model, the following will further describe this embodiment in detail in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present utility model and are not used to limit the present utility model.

[0032] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down...) in the embodiments of the present utility model are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings). If this specific posture changes, then the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0033] In addition, in the present utility model, descriptions such as "first", "second", etc. are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first", "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.

[0034] Moreover, the technical solutions between various embodiments of the present utility model can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of those of ordinary skill in the art to implement. When the combination of technical solutions results in contradictions or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the protection scope required by the present utility model.

[0035] Refer to Figures 1 to 3 , in order to solve the problems of incomplete experimental analysis of heavy metal dissolution and migration behavior in soil, many experimental repetitions and low experimental efficiency in the prior art, the present utility model provides a simulation experiment device for heavy metal dissolution and migration behavior in soil. The simulation experiment device for heavy metal dissolution and migration behavior in soil includes, from bottom to top: a support device, an angle adjustment device, a drainage device, a filtrate collection device, and a soil bearing device.

[0036] The soil bearing device is rotationally connected to the support device through the angle adjustment device.

[0037] The soil bearing device includes a hollow box body 4 and a trapezoidal diversion platform 6 fixedly connected to one end of the box body 4; and there is a slot at the connection between the box body 4 and the trapezoidal diversion platform 6. In an alternative embodiment, referring to Figure 1 As shown, water retaining plates with a height of 6 cm are arranged on the inclined sides of the bottom trapezoid of the trapezoidal diversion platform 6, and a rectangular slot is opened in the middle of the connection between the box body 4 and the trapezoidal diversion platform 6 to guide the leachate in the box body 4 to flow out from the trapezoidal diversion platform 6 through the rectangular slot.

[0038] The drainage device is arranged at the bottom of the box body 4 and is in communication with the box body 4.

[0039] The filtrate collection device is located inside the soil bearing device to collect and filter the leachate of soil layers at different position heights.

[0040] In the simulation experiment device for the dissolution and migration behavior of heavy metals in soil of the present utility model, in the research work on the problems of leaching and runoff caused by rainfall, the trapezoidal diversion platform 6 in the soil bearing device is used to collect the leachate of different soil layers; the angle adjustment device is used to form different angles of inclination between the soil bearing device and the ground to more effectively fit the slope conditions of different actual soils; at the same time, the leachate of soil layers at different position heights can be collected and filtered by the filtrate collection device inside the soil bearing device, and subsequent analysis and research can be carried out through the drainage device at the bottom of the box body 4 of the soil bearing device.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, this device can more comprehensively simulate the dissolution and migration behavior of heavy metals in natural soil during natural rainfall. The migration behavior of heavy metals in the soil in the horizontal and vertical directions can be simulated by experiments, further improving the efficiency of the research work on the problems of leaching and runoff caused by rainfall.

[0042] Preferably, the angle adjustment device includes a rotating assembly 10, an angle adjustment plate 11, a moving bolt 12 and a supporting ring (not shown in the figure).

[0043] The rotating assembly 10 is arranged on the side of the supporting device away from the trapezoidal diversion platform 6 and is rotatably connected to the bottom of the box body 4 to enable the soil bearing device to rotate around the rotating assembly 10.

[0044] The angle adjustment plate 11 is fixedly connected to the other side of the top of the supporting device; and holes at different position heights and on the same arc are opened on the angle adjustment plate 11. In an alternative embodiment, referring to Figure 2, there are five kinds of hole positions with different angles on the angle adjustment plate 11. Each hole position is on an arc line with the midpoint of the rotating assembly 10 as the center of the circle. From top to bottom, the inclination angles that can simulate the soil slope are 10°, 15°, 20°, 25° and 30° respectively. Specifically, during the experiment, according to the soil slope of the actual geographical area, the hole position at a specific inclination angle can be opened to meet the actual experimental requirements.

[0045] The supporting ring is fixedly connected to one side of the bottom of the soil bearing device close to the angle adjustment plate 11; and the supporting ring can be nestedly connected to each hole position of the angle adjustment plate 11 through the moving bolt 12. In an alternative embodiment, the diameters of the hole positions of the angle adjustment plate 11 are all 1.5 cm, which just allows the moving bolt 12 to pass through to achieve the cooperation between the two.

[0046] In another alternative embodiment, in addition to the rotating assembly 10, the angle adjustment plate 11, the moving bolt 12 and the supporting ring (not shown in the figure), the angle adjustment device further includes a hydraulic device and a controller. And the hole positions of the angle adjustment plate 11 are continuous arc grooves and are marked with scales of different angles to adjust any angle within a certain angle range. By connecting the controller with the hydraulic device, the box body 4 is automatically adjusted to any angle in a hydraulic way, reducing manual operation to improve the working efficiency of the device.

[0047] Preferably, the rotating assembly 10 includes a fixing bolt 21 and a rotating ring 22; the fixing bolt 21 is welded to one side of the top of the supporting device; the rotating ring 22 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the box body 4; and the fixing bolt 21 and the rotating ring 22 are nestedly connected.

[0048] Preferably, the supporting device includes a base 1 and a support frame 3; the bottom of the support frame 3 is fixedly connected to the base 1; the top of the support frame 3 is rotatably connected to the box body 4.

[0049] Preferably, the supporting device further includes universal wheels 2; and the universal wheels 2 are fixedly connected to the four corners of the lower surface of the base 1. In an alternative embodiment, as shown in Figure 2 , there are a total of 4 universal wheels 2 respectively fixed to the four corners of the lower surface of the base 1. The length of the base 1 is 192 cm, the distance from the universal wheel 2 to the outermost edge of the long side of the base 1 is 22.5 cm, and the distance between the two universal wheels 2 parallel to the long side of the base 1 is 137 cm to improve the flexibility of the device. And the length of the box body 4 is 200 cm, the width is 44 cm, and the depth is 61 cm; the height of the support frame 3 is 95 cm, and the length is equal to the long side of the base, which is 192 cm, to stably support the upper soil bearing device. Among them, the box body 4 with specific lengths and widths and the corresponding supporting device can be selected according to the requirements of the flow-through area of the specific experiment.

[0050] Preferably, the drainage device includes multiple groups of conduits 23 and valves (not shown in the figure); the conduits 23 are paired with the valves, and each group is arranged at intervals at the bottom of the box body 4. In an alternative embodiment, referring to Figure 2 as shown, a total of 8 groups of conduits 23 and valves are provided (4 groups in the length direction of the box body 4 and 2 groups in the width direction of the box body), and the interval between each group is 40 cm. The conduits 23 are connected to the box body 4 through threaded interfaces, and a flange is installed on the liquid outlet end of the conduits 23 to cooperate with a ball valve to control the discharge of the leachate.

[0051] Preferably, the filtrate collection device includes a guide groove 7 and a filter screen 8; the guide groove 7 is fixed inside the box body 4 through a connecting rod 9; the filter screen 8 is fixed at the grooved position through a fixing member. In an alternative embodiment, referring to Figure 1 as shown, two connecting rods 9 in the short side direction of the box body and the guide groove 7 perpendicular to the connecting rod 9 are welded inside the box body 4 by welding, and an alternating installation method is adopted between different soil layers to reduce the disturbance to the soil layer. In another alternative embodiment, the filter screen 8 is a composite of 40-mesh and 80-mesh filter screens and is fixed between two plates by rivets to achieve the effect of filtering most of the soil particles.

[0052] Preferably, the shape of the guide groove 7 includes a U-shaped guide groove, a T-shaped guide groove or a concave guide groove. Specifically, different-shaped guide grooves 7 can be selected according to different experimental requirements to ensure the collection of leachate between different soil layers in different scenarios.

[0053] Preferably, the soil bearing device further includes a baffle 5 movably connected to one end of the box body 4 away from the trapezoidal diversion platform 6; and the baffle 5 is hinged to the box body 4. Specifically, the box body 4 and the baffle 5 are connected by a hinge to enable quick loading and unloading of the experimental soil. During the experiment, the baffle 5 can be removed to load the soil from the opening at the original position of the baffle 5 of the box body 4. After the soil is loaded to the required height, the baffle 5 can be restored to complete the loading; at the end of the experiment, the box body 4 can be disassembled from the support frame 3 and the baffle 5 can be opened to facilitate the dumping of the experimental soil in the box body 4.

[0054] Preferably, the trapezoidal diversion platform 6 has multiple layers. In an alternative embodiment, referring to Figure 1 , the trapezoidal diversion platform 6 has 3 layers to collect the leachate of soil layers at 3 different position heights to analyze the horizontal migration of heavy metals at 3 different position heights. Specifically, the trapezoidal diversion platform 6 at different position heights and the specific number of layers can be set according to the specific soil depth required for exploration.

[0055] In an alternative embodiment, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , when using the simulation experimental device for heavy metal dissolution and migration behavior in soil of the present utility model to conduct an experiment on the dissolution and migration mechanism of heavy metals in the environment, first turn the box body 4 towardsFigure 1 tilt to the left in the shown state and open the baffle 5 to add experimental soil to the required depth for the experiment, and then add the pollution source in the required form of the experiment to the upper end of the soil to simulate the natural stacking method of actual pollutants such as waste residues or tailings. Then pass the moving bolt 12 through the supporting ring at the bottom of the box body 4 and place it into the hole position of the angle adjusting plate 11 corresponding to the experiment. According to the rotating assembly 10 (fixed bolt 21 and rotating ring 22), the whole box body 4 is moved towards Figure 1 tilt to the right in the shown state to simulate the influence of the soil slope under natural conditions. Use the universal wheels 2 to push the equipment carried by the supporting device (base 1 and support frame 3) to the experimental site, and conduct artificial rainfall to simulate natural rainfall conditions. The surface runoff and subsurface flow formed can pick up the leachate filtered by the filter screen 8 at the end of the guide groove 7 carried by the connecting rod 9 at the rear end of the trapezoidal diversion platform 6 of different soil layers, and selectively pick up the longitudinal leachate of the soil through the valve switch of the conduit 23 of the drainage device. After the experiment, a sampler can be used to take soil from different soil layers and positions to study the dissolution and migration mechanism of pollutants.

[0056] In summary, in the above technical solutions of the present utility model, the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and do not limit the patent scope of the present utility model accordingly. Any equivalent structural transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present utility model under the technical concept of the present utility model, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields, is included in the patent protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A simulation experimental device for the dissolution and migration behavior of heavy metals in soil, characterized in that: The simulation experimental device for heavy metal dissolution and migration behavior in soil comprises, from bottom to top: a supporting device, an angle adjustment device, a drainage device, a filtrate collection device and a soil bearing device; The soil bearing device is rotatably connected to the supporting device via the angle adjustment device; The soil bearing device comprises a hollow box body and a trapezoidal flow guide platform fixedly connected to one end of the box body; and a groove is provided at the connection between the box body and the trapezoidal flow guide platform; The drainage device is arranged at the bottom of the box body and is connected with the box body; The filtrate collecting device is located inside the soil supporting device to collect and filter the leaching liquid from soil layers at different heights.

2. The simulation experimental device for heavy metal dissolution and migration behavior in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle adjustment device comprises a rotating assembly, an angle adjustment plate, a movable bolt and a supporting ring; The rotating assembly is arranged on a side of the supporting device away from the trapezoidal guide platform, and is rotatably connected to the bottom of the box body so that the soil bearing device rotates around the rotating assembly; The angle adjustment plate is fixedly connected to the other side of the top of the support device; and the angle adjustment plate is provided with holes located at different heights and on the same arc line; The supporting ring is fixedly connected to one side of the bottom of the soil bearing device close to the angle adjustment plate; Furthermore, the supporting ring can be nested and connected with each of the holes of the angle adjustment plate through the movable bolts.

3. The simulation experimental device for heavy metal dissolution and migration behavior in soil according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotating assembly includes a fixing bolt and a rotating ring; the fixing bolt is welded to one side of the top of the supporting device; the rotating ring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the box; and the fixing bolt and the rotating ring are nested and connected.

4. The simulation experimental device for heavy metal dissolution and migration behavior in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting device comprises a base and a supporting frame; The bottom of the support frame is fixedly connected to the base; The top of the support frame is rotatably connected to the box body.

5. The simulation experimental device for heavy metal dissolution and migration behavior in soil according to claim 4, characterized in that: The supporting device also includes universal wheels; and the universal wheels are fixedly connected to the four corners of the lower surface of the base.

6. The simulation experimental device for heavy metal dissolution and migration behavior in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage device includes multiple groups of conduits and valves; The conduits are matched with the valves, and each group is arranged at intervals at the bottom of the box.

7. The simulation experimental device for heavy metal dissolution and migration behavior in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filtrate collecting device comprises a guide groove and a filter screen; The guide groove is fixed to the inside of the box body through a connecting rod; The filter screen is fixed to the slot by a fixing member.

8. The simulation experimental device for heavy metal dissolution and migration behavior in soil according to claim 7, characterized in that: The shape of the guide groove includes a U-shaped guide groove, a T-shaped guide groove or a concave guide groove.

9. The simulation experimental device for heavy metal dissolution and migration behavior in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil bearing device further comprises a baffle plate movably connected to one end of the box body away from the trapezoidal flow guide platform; and the baffle plate is hinged to the box body.

10. The simulation experimental device for heavy metal dissolution and migration behavior in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trapezoidal flow guide platform has multiple layers.

Images