Lightning protection circuit in electric power engineering construction process

Abstract

The utility model discloses a lightning protection circuit in an electric power engineering construction process, relates to the technical field of electric power system protection, and solves the problems that the existing lightning protection circuit is slow in response speed and poorer in shielding failure prevention effect. The device comprises a lightning stroke inductor, a signal amplifier, a signal processor, a control logic circuit, a high-speed relay, a gas discharge tube, a metal oxide varistor, an overcurrent protector, an intelligent circuit breaker, a grounding resistor, a lightning rod, a power supply management chip, a communication interface chip and an environment monitoring sensor. A high-speed relay and an intelligent circuit breaker are combined, so that quick response to a lightning stroke event is realized; and meanwhile, the lightning current is effectively dispersed and absorbed by using the gas discharge tube and the metal oxide varistor, so that the shielding failure prevention effect is enhanced, the safe operation of electric power facilities is ensured, and the corresponding speed and the shielding failure prevention effect of the lightning protection circuit are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of power system protection, and more specifically to a lightning protection circuit during the construction of power engineering. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the power industry and the continuous expansion of the power grid scale, power engineering faces more complex natural environment challenges. Especially in areas with frequent lightning strikes, lightning strike accidents occur frequently, posing a serious threat to the safe and stable operation of power facilities. Therefore, improving the lightning protection level during power engineering construction has become one of the key tasks to ensure the reliability of the power system.

[0003] The lightning protection technologies adopted in traditional power engineering mainly include lightning rods, lightning wires, grounding devices, etc. These methods are based on the basic principle of guiding lightning current into the ground and safely releasing lightning energy through physical connections. However, these technologies rely on good design and construction quality, and their effectiveness has limitations in the face of strong thunderstorm weather.

[0004] The response speed of traditional lightning protection circuits is relatively slow. When a lightning strike occurs, the power supply cannot be instantaneously cut off or the current cannot be diverted, which may cause equipment damage. In addition, the effect of preventing side strokes is poor, that is, lightning may bypass the main lightning protection device and directly strike other parts, especially sensitive equipment in the substation, which increases the vulnerability of the system and reduces the overall lightning protection effect. Summary of the Utility Model

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a lightning protection circuit during the construction of power engineering to solve the problems of slow response speed and poor effect of preventing side strokes of the existing lightning protection circuit.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical effects, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A lightning protection circuit during the construction of power engineering includes: a lightning strike inductor for detecting the electromagnetic pulse generated by a lightning strike;

[0008] A signal amplifier for amplifying the signal detected by the lightning strike inductor;

[0009] A signal processor for analyzing the amplified signal and identifying the lightning strike event;

[0010] A control logic circuit for controlling the start and stop of the lightning protection circuit according to the output of the signal processor;

[0011] A high-speed relay for quickly switching the connection state of the circuit under the instruction of the control logic circuit;

[0012] Gas discharge tube, used to provide overvoltage protection during lightning strikes and release excess energy to the ground wire;

[0013] Metal oxide varistor, used to absorb transient overvoltage generated by lightning strikes and protect the circuit from damage;

[0014] Overcurrent protector, used to monitor the current in the circuit and disconnect the circuit when the current exceeds the safety threshold;

[0015] Intelligent circuit breaker, used to automatically disconnect the circuit when abnormal current or lightning strike threat is detected;

[0016] Grounding resistance, used to measure the resistance value of the grounding system and ensure the effectiveness of the grounding system;

[0017] Lightning rod, used to attract lightning strikes and guide the lightning current to the grounding system;

[0018] Power management chip, used to provide stable power for the entire lightning protection circuit;

[0019] Communication interface chip, used to realize data communication between components inside the circuit;

[0020] Environmental monitoring sensor, used to monitor the construction environment and provide environmental data for the control logic circuit;

[0021] Among them, the positive terminal port of the power input is connected to the positive terminal port of the input of the intelligent circuit breaker; the positive terminal port of the output of the intelligent circuit breaker is connected to the input port of the power management chip; the output port of the power management chip is connected to the power input ports of the control logic circuit, the signal processor, the signal amplifier and the environmental monitoring sensor; the data output port of the environmental monitoring sensor is connected to the input port of the control logic circuit; the output port of the lightning strike inductor is connected to the input port of the signal amplifier; the output port of the signal amplifier is connected to the input port of the signal processor; the output port of the signal processor is connected to the signal input port of the control logic circuit; the output port of the control logic circuit is connected to the control ports of the high-speed relay and the intelligent circuit breaker; the normally open contact and the normally closed contact of the high-speed relay are connected on the main power line to control the on and off of the circuit; the input port and the output port of the overcurrent protector are connected in series on the main power line; the anode port and the cathode port of the gas discharge tube are connected in parallel on the main power line; the input port and the output port of the metal oxide varistor are connected in parallel on the main power line; the lower end of the lightning rod is connected to the input port of the grounding system.

[0022] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0023] The lightning strike inductor includes an induction antenna, a signal filter, a signal amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter; the receiving port of the lightning strike inductor is connected to the induction antenna; the lightning strike inductor uses the signal filter and the signal amplifier to remove noise and enhance the effective signal; the lightning strike inductor uses the analog-to-digital converter to convert the analog signal into a digital signal.

[0024] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0025] The signal processor receives the analog signal of the lightning strike inductor through the analog-to-digital converter; the signal processor uses a microcontroller and a digital signal processing module to analyze the signal and identify the lightning strike event; the signal processor uses the communication interface chip to send a control instruction to the control logic circuit.

[0026] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0027] The input end of the control logic circuit is connected to the output end of the signal processor; the control logic circuit uses the high-speed relay to further control the state of the relay; the control logic circuit is connected to the power management chip.

[0028] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0029] The high-speed relay includes a coil, a contact system, contact protection, a drive circuit, an armature, a spring, and a housing; the contact system uses normally open and normally closed contacts to control the on and off of the circuit; the output port of the control logic circuit is connected to the coil terminal of the high-speed relay through the drive circuit to control the suction or release of the coil; the normally open and normally closed contact terminals of the high-speed relay are connected to the main power line for rapid circuit switching.

[0030] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0031] The gas discharge tube includes an anode and a cathode; neon gas is encapsulated between the anode and the cathode through ceramics; the gas discharge tube is connected in parallel on the main power line, and the cathode is connected to the grounding system; the gas discharge tube generates a trigger signal through the control logic circuit, and the gas medium is ionized and conducts electricity.

[0032] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0033] The metal oxide varistor is composed of zinc oxide; there is an electrode at each end of the metal oxide varistor for connection to the circuit; the metal oxide varistor is connected in parallel on the main power line, and one end is connected to the protective ground wire of the circuit.

[0034] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0035] The overcurrent protector is connected in series in the main power line; the overcurrent protector uses a contactor to automatically disconnect or close the circuit when overcurrent is detected.

[0036] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0037] The intelligent circuit breaker includes a main contact and an auxiliary contact; the main contact is connected to the main circuit of the power project to control the on / off of high-power equipment; the auxiliary contact is connected to the control logic circuit for status feedback or transmission of remote control signals.

[0038] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0039] The environmental monitoring sensor includes a thermistor, a humidity-sensitive capacitor and an anemometer; the outputs of the thermistor, the humidity-sensitive capacitor and the anemometer are connected to a signal conditioning circuit for signal conversion and amplification.

[0040] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows: by using high-sensitivity electromagnetic field sensors and environmental monitoring sensors, the present utility model can monitor the changes in the electromagnetic field and temperature and humidity conditions in the surrounding environment in real time, so as to give early warnings of potential lightning threats. With the help of a high-performance signal processor and amplifier, the system can quickly capture and analyze the signals transmitted by the sensors, and then generate protection instructions immediately. By integrating high-speed relays and intelligent circuit breakers, the system realizes a rapid response to lightning strikes, and can cut off or switch the circuit path instantly when lightning activities are detected, greatly improving the effectiveness of lightning protection measures. In addition, the system is also equipped with advanced gas discharge tubes and metal oxide varistors, which can quickly release lightning current and absorb overvoltage when lightning strikes, thus effectively preventing the situation that lightning bypasses the main protection path and directly impacts the equipment. This complete set of solutions not only significantly improves the response speed of the lightning protection circuit, but also greatly enhances its ability to prevent lightning from bypassing, ensuring the stable operation of the power system, reducing equipment damage and downtime caused by lightning strikes, ultimately bringing significant economic benefits to enterprises, and greatly ensuring the safety of the lives of staff. Description of the Drawings

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present utility model. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings, where:

[0042] Figure 1 is the overall architecture diagram of the present utility model;

[0043] Figure 2 is the circuit schematic diagram of the present utility model;

[0044] Figure 3 is the schematic diagram of the circuit connection principle of the present utility model;

[0045] Reference numerals in the figure: 1, lightning strike inductor; 2, signal amplifier; 3, signal processor; 4, control logic circuit; 5, high-speed relay; 6, gas discharge tube; 7, metal oxide varistor; 8, overcurrent protector; 9, intelligent circuit breaker; 10, grounding resistance; 11, lightning rod; 12, power management chip; 13, communication interface chip; 14, environmental monitoring sensor. Specific embodiments

[0046] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0047] As Figures 1-3 shown, a lightning protection circuit during the construction process of a power project includes:

[0048] A lightning strike inductor 1 for detecting the electromagnetic pulse generated by a lightning strike; In a specific implementation, the lightning strike inductor usually adopts an electromagnetic field sensor, which can detect the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) generated by a lightning strike. When a lightning strike occurs, it will capture the change in the electromagnetic wave and convert it into an electrical signal. This signal is the basis for subsequent processing, which can help the system respond to lightning strike events in a timely manner so as to take protection measures.

[0049] A signal amplifier 2 for amplifying the signal detected by the lightning strike inductor 1; In a specific implementation, the signal amplifier (such as OPA2272) amplifies the weak signal detected by the lightning strike inductor. Since the electromagnetic pulse signal generated by a lightning strike is relatively weak, direct processing may not be accurate enough. By amplifying the signal through the amplifier, it can ensure that the signal processor can accurately identify and process these signals, and the signal will not attenuate too much even after long-distance transmission.

[0050] A signal processor 3 is used to analyze the amplified signal and identify lightning strike events. In a specific implementation, the signal processor (such as an STM32F103 series microcontroller) is responsible for receiving and processing the signal output by the signal amplifier. It analyzes these signals through built-in algorithms to identify whether a lightning strike event has occurred. Once a lightning strike is confirmed, the signal processor immediately sends an instruction to the control logic circuit to initiate protection measures. This ensures that when a lightning strike occurs, the system can respond quickly and take appropriate actions to protect power facilities.

[0051] A control logic circuit 4 is used to control the startup and shutdown of the lightning protection circuit according to the output of the signal processor 3. In a specific implementation, the control logic circuit determines whether to start the lightning protection circuit based on the output signal of the signal processor. It usually consists of a series of logic gate circuits or a programmable logic controller (PLC). When receiving the trigger signal from the signal processor, the control logic circuit immediately sends an instruction to the high-speed relay to quickly switch the circuit state. This can quickly initiate the protection mechanism when a lightning strike occurs and protect power facilities from damage.

[0052] A high-speed relay 5 is used to quickly switch the connection state of the circuit under the instruction of the control logic circuit 4. In a specific implementation, the high-speed relay is an electronic switch that can complete contact switching within milliseconds or even microseconds. When the control logic circuit issues an instruction, the high-speed relay responds within an extremely short time and quickly cuts off or bypasses the circuit. This fast response ability helps to immediately disconnect the power supply or change the current path when a lightning strike occurs, thus protecting the devices in the circuit from damage.

[0053] A gas discharge tube 6 is used to provide overvoltage protection during a lightning strike and release the excess energy to the ground wire. In a specific implementation, the gas discharge tube (GDT) conducts when the voltage exceeds a certain threshold, allowing the overvoltage to pass through. When a lightning strike occurs, the GDT quickly conducts and releases the excessive voltage to the ground wire. This can prevent the overvoltage from damaging the devices in the circuit and protect the safety of the devices.

[0054] A metal oxide varistor 7 is used to absorb the transient overvoltage generated by a lightning strike and protect the circuit from damage. In a specific implementation, the metal oxide varistor (MOV) is a non-linear resistor that presents a high impedance state under normal voltage but conducts quickly when the voltage exceeds a certain threshold. When the transient overvoltage generated by a lightning strike appears, the MOV immediately conducts and absorbs the excess voltage energy, preventing the overvoltage from impacting the sensitive devices in the circuit, thus protecting the devices from damage.

[0055] Overcurrent protector 8 is used to monitor the current in the circuit and disconnect the circuit when the current exceeds the safety threshold. In specific implementations, an overcurrent protector (such as a fuse) will automatically disconnect the circuit when it detects that the current exceeds the set safety threshold. This protection mechanism can cut off the power supply in a timely manner when a lightning strike causes a surge in current, prevent overcurrent from damaging the circuit, play a role similar to that of a fuse, and protect the safety of power facilities.

[0056] Intelligent circuit breaker 9 is used to automatically disconnect the circuit when it detects abnormal current or lightning strike threat. In specific implementations, the intelligent circuit breaker combines the functions of a circuit breaker and a microcontroller and can automatically disconnect the circuit according to the instructions of the signal processor. When it detects abnormal current or lightning strike threat, the intelligent circuit breaker will respond quickly and automatically disconnect the circuit to protect the equipment from damage. This automation mechanism improves the response speed and protection efficiency of the system.

[0057] Grounding resistance 10 is used to measure the resistance value of the grounding system to ensure the effectiveness of the grounding system. In specific implementations, the grounding resistance is used to measure the resistance value of the grounding system to ensure the effectiveness of the grounding system. When a lightning strike occurs, the grounding resistance can ensure that the lightning current can be smoothly introduced into the ground, avoiding the lightning current from causing harm to equipment and personnel. Measuring the grounding resistance can also help maintenance personnel detect faults in the grounding system in a timely manner and ensure that it is always in good condition.

[0058] Lightning rod 11 is used to attract lightning strikes and guide the lightning current to the grounding system. In specific implementations, the lightning rod attracts lightning strikes through its tip and introduces the lightning current into the pre-designed grounding system. The height and position of the lightning rod are designed such that it becomes the most likely target for lightning strikes, thereby guiding the lightning current to a safe place and avoiding direct strikes on power facilities. This can effectively protect the power facilities below from lightning strike damage.

[0059] Power management chip 12 is used to provide a stable power supply for the entire lightning protection circuit. In specific implementations, a power management chip (such as TPS7A4700) provides a stable power supply for the entire lightning protection circuit. It can ensure that in various environments, each part of the circuit can obtain stable voltage and current, avoiding system malfunctions caused by power fluctuations. A stable power supply is the basis for the normal operation of the system and also a prerequisite for ensuring the effective implementation of all protection measures.

[0060] The communication interface chip 13 is used to realize data communication between various components inside the circuit; in a specific implementation, a communication interface chip (such as MAX485) is used to realize data communication between various components inside the circuit. Through the communication interface chip, the signal processor can exchange data with other components (such as environmental monitoring sensors), ensuring the rapid and accurate transmission of information between various parts of the circuit. This efficient communication mechanism helps the system to coordinate better, improving the overall response speed and protection effect.

[0061] The environmental monitoring sensor 14 is used to monitor the construction environment and provide environmental data for the control logic circuit 4; in a specific implementation, environmental monitoring sensors (such as temperature sensor LM35 and humidity sensor DHT11) monitor changes in the surrounding environment. By monitoring environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity, the sensors can provide important environmental data for the control logic circuit, helping the system to better adapt to protection requirements under different environmental conditions. For example, in a high-humidity environment, the probability of lightning strikes may increase, and at this time, the system can make preparations in advance and enhance protection measures. Among them, the positive terminal port of the power input is connected to the positive terminal port of the input of the intelligent circuit breaker 9; the positive terminal port of the output of the intelligent circuit breaker 9 is connected to the input port of the power management chip 12; the output port of the power management chip 12 is connected to the power input ports of the control logic circuit 4, the signal processor 3, the signal amplifier 2, and the environmental monitoring sensor 14; the data output port of the environmental monitoring sensor 14 is connected to the input port of the control logic circuit 4; the output port of the lightning strike inductor 1 is connected to the input port of the signal amplifier 2; the output port of the signal amplifier 2 is connected to the input port of the signal processor 3; the output port of the signal processor 3 is connected to the signal input port of the control logic circuit 4; the output port of the control logic circuit 4 is connected to the control ports of the high-speed relay 5 and the intelligent circuit breaker 9; the normally open contact and the normally closed contact of the high-speed relay 5 are connected to the main power line to control the on and off of the circuit; the input port and the output port of the overcurrent protector 8 are connected in series on the main power line; the anode port and the cathode port of the gas discharge tube 6 are connected in parallel on the main power line; the input port and the output port of the metal oxide varistor 7 are connected in parallel on the main power line; the lower end of the lightning rod 11 is connected to the input port of the grounding system.

[0062] The lightning strike inductor 1 includes an induction antenna, a signal filter, a signal amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter; the receiving port of the lightning strike inductor 1 is connected with an induction antenna; the lightning strike inductor 1 uses the signal filter and the signal amplifier to remove noise and enhance the effective signal; the lightning strike inductor 1 uses the analog-to-digital converter to convert the analog signal into a digital signal.

[0063] The signal processor 3 receives the analog signal of the lightning strike inductor 1 through an analog-to-digital converter; the signal processor 3 uses a microcontroller and a digital signal processing module to analyze the signal and identify lightning strike events; the signal processor 3 uses the communication interface chip 13 to send control instructions to the control logic circuit 4.

[0064] The input end of the control logic circuit 4 is connected to the output end of the signal processor 3; the control logic circuit 4 uses the high-speed relay 5 to further control the state of the relay; the control logic circuit 4 is connected to the power management chip 12.

[0065] The high-speed relay 5 includes a coil, a contact system, contact protection, a drive circuit, an armature, a spring, and a housing; the contact system uses normally open and normally closed contacts to control the on and off of the circuit; the output port of the control logic circuit 4 is connected to the coil terminal of the high-speed relay 5 through the drive circuit to control the attraction or release of the coil; the normally open and normally closed contact terminals of the high-speed relay 5 are connected to the main power line for rapid circuit switching.

[0066] The gas discharge tube 6 includes an anode and a cathode; neon gas is encapsulated between the anode and the cathode through ceramics; the gas discharge tube 6 is connected in parallel on the main power line, and the cathode is connected to the grounding system; the gas discharge tube 6 generates a trigger signal through the control logic circuit 4, and the gas medium generates ionization and conducts electricity.

[0067] The metal oxide varistor 7 is composed of zinc oxide; there is an electrode at each end of the metal oxide varistor 7 for connection to the circuit; the metal oxide varistor 7 is connected in parallel on the main power line, and one end is connected to the protective ground wire of the circuit.

[0068] The overcurrent protector 8 is connected in series in the main power line; the overcurrent protector 8 uses a contactor to automatically disconnect or close the circuit when overcurrent is detected.

[0069] The intelligent circuit breaker 9 includes a main contact and an auxiliary contact; the main contact is connected to the main circuit of the power project to control the on and off of high-power equipment; the auxiliary contact is connected to the control logic circuit 4 for status feedback or transmission of remote control signals.

[0070] The environmental monitoring sensor 14 includes a thermistor, a humidity-sensitive capacitor, and an anemometer; the outputs of the thermistor, the humidity-sensitive capacitor, and the anemometer are connected to a signal conditioning circuit for signal conversion and amplification.

[0071] In a specific implementation, the power input (PWR_IN) pin `V+` is connected to the input terminal `CB_IN_V+` of the smart circuit breaker (CB); the pin `CB_OUT_V+` of the smart circuit breaker (CB) is connected to the input pin `PWR_MGMT_IN` of the power management chip (PWR_MGMT). The output pin `PWR_MGMT_OUT` of the power management chip (PWR_MGMT) is respectively connected to: the power pin `CTRL_LOGIC_PWR` of the control logic circuit (CTRL_LOGIC), the power pin `SIG_PROC_PWR` of the signal processor (SIG_PROC), the power pin `AMP_PWR` of the signal amplifier (AMP), and the power pin `ENV_SENSOR_PWR` of the environmental monitoring sensor (ENV_SENSOR). The data output pin `ENV_SENSOR_DO` of the environmental monitoring sensor (ENV_SENSOR) is connected to the input pin `CTRL_LOGIC_IN` of the control logic circuit. The output pin `LIGHTNING_SENSOR_OUT` of the lightning induction chip (LIGHTNING_SENSOR) is connected to the input pin `AMP_IN` of the signal amplifier. The output pin `AMP_OUT` of the signal amplifier (AMP) is connected to the input pin `SIG_PROC_IN` of the signal processor. The output pin `SIG_PROC_OUT` of the signal processor (SIG_PROC) is connected to the input pin `CTRL_LOGIC_SIG_IN` of the control logic circuit. The output pin `CTRL_LOGIC_OUT` of the control logic circuit (CTRL_LOGIC) is connected to: the control pin `RELAY_CTRL` of the high-speed relay (RELAY) and the control pin `CB_CTRL` of the smart circuit breaker. The normally open contact `RELAY_NC` and the normally closed contact `RELAY_NO` of the high-speed relay (RELAY) are respectively connected to the main power line to control the on / off of the circuit. The overcurrent protector (OCP) is connected in series on the main power line, and the input pin `OCP_IN` and the output pin `OCP_OUT` are respectively connected to both ends of the main line. The anode pin `GDT_ANODE` and the cathode pin `GDT_CATHODE` of the gas discharge tube (GDT) and the metal oxide varistor (MOV) are connected in parallel on the main power line. The input pin `MOV_IN` and the output pin `MOV_OUT` of the MOV are also connected in parallel on the main power line. The main power line (MAIN_LINE) starts from the output `CB_OUT_V+` and the ground `CB_OUT_GND` of the smart circuit breaker, passes through the overcurrent protector, GDT, MOV, and finally connects to the corresponding power pins of the load or device.The lower end of the lightning rod is connected to the input pin `GROUND_SYS_IN` of the grounding system. The output pin `GROUND_SYS_OUT` of the grounding system is connected to the ground wire pins of all components that need to be grounded, such as `GDT_GND`, `MOV_GND`, `PWR_MGMT_GND`, etc. Among them, the intelligent circuit breaker selects the TeSysD series of Schneider Electric. As the first line of defense of the circuit, it can quickly cut off the power supply when detecting abnormalities. The power management chip uses the TPS7A4700 series of Texas Instruments, which is responsible for providing stable power for the entire circuit. For environmental monitoring sensors, LM35 temperature sensors and DHT11 humidity sensors are used to monitor the surrounding environment to ensure the safe operation of the circuit under different environments. The signal amplifier selects OPA2272, which can amplify the lightning strike signal to ensure clear signals. The signal processor uses the STM32F103 series of microcontrollers. As the brain of the circuit, it processes signals and determines whether lightning protection measures need to be taken. The control logic circuit uses a programmable logic controller (PLC) to control the switch of the circuit according to the instructions of the signal processor. The high-speed relay selects the G2R-1 series of Omron, which can quickly respond to the instructions of the control logic circuit. The overcurrent protector selects the MF-GSM series of fuses, which can disconnect the circuit in time when the current rises abnormally. The gas discharge tube and metal oxide varistor use TSS1N5L1 and 14D471K respectively. As overvoltage protection components, they absorb and disperse the high energy generated by lightning strikes. The main power line needs to select appropriate cables and terminal blocks according to the current and voltage levels. The load or device is selected according to the actual application, and they are the ultimate objects served by the circuit. The lightning rod, as a towering guard, attracts lightning to protect the power facilities below. The grounding system includes grounding rods and ground wires to ensure that the strong current can be safely introduced into the ground during lightning strikes. Finally, the communication interface chip uses MAX485 to achieve data communication between the components inside the circuit.

[0072] The lightning protection circuit for the power engineering construction process is exemplarily described below through specific embodiments:

[0073] First, at the construction site of the power project, the entire lightning protection circuit scheme starts from the system initialization stage. At this time, the power management chip provides a stable power supply for the system, the communication interface chip establishes a communication link among various components, the signal processor conducts self-checks to ensure the normal operation of peripheral devices, the high-speed relay is in a normal power supply state, the intelligent circuit breaker is closed to ensure the normal power supply of power equipment, and the grounding resistance measures the resistance value of the grounding system to ensure its effectiveness. Then, the environmental monitoring sensors continuously monitor the environmental parameters at the construction site and upload the data to the signal processor. At the same time, the lightning strike sensor continuously monitors the changes in the surrounding electromagnetic field. Once a lightning strike occurs, the lightning strike sensor detects the electromagnetic pulse generated by the lightning strike and converts it into an electrical signal. This signal is then captured and amplified by the signal amplifier, and the amplified signal is transmitted to the signal processor through the signal line. Next, the signal processor receives and analyzes the amplified signal, judges whether a lightning strike event has occurred based on the characteristics of the signal such as frequency and amplitude, and considering the environmental data provided by the environmental monitoring sensors, after comprehensively evaluating the lightning strike risk, if a lightning strike event is confirmed, the signal processor generates corresponding control instructions according to the preset protection strategy and executes them through the control logic circuit. The control logic circuit controls the activation of the lightning protection circuit according to the instructions of the signal processor, and then controls the high-speed relay to switch the circuit state. Immediately afterwards, after receiving the instructions from the control logic circuit, the high-speed relay quickly disconnects or switches the circuit connection state to disconnect the power supply or change the current path to prevent the lightning current from directly hitting the power equipment. At the same time, the gas discharge tube conducts when a lightning strike occurs to release the excess lightning current to the ground wire, and the metal oxide varistor absorbs the transient overvoltage generated by the lightning strike. The combined action of these two components ensures that the lightning current will not damage the circuit. After that, the lightning rod attracts the lightning strike and guides the lightning current to the grounding system. Through the grounding resistance, it ensures that the lightning current can be quickly introduced into the ground to avoid harm to power facilities and personnel. At the same time, the overcurrent protector monitors the current changes in the circuit and automatically disconnects the circuit when the current exceeds the safety threshold to prevent damage to the circuit caused by overcurrent. Immediately afterwards, the intelligent circuit breaker automatically disconnects the circuit according to the instructions of the signal processor and quickly responds when detecting abnormal current or lightning strike threat to further protect the power equipment. Next, after the lightning strike ends, the signal processor continuously monitors and re-evaluates the environmental conditions to decide whether to resume normal power supply. The control logic circuit controls the circuit to return to the normal state according to the instructions of the signal processor and sends instructions to the high-speed relay to make it return to the initial power supply state. The intelligent circuit breaker also recloses the circuit to resume the normal power supply to the power equipment after the signal processor confirms safety. Finally, the signal processor conducts self-checks to ensure that all devices return to normal operation, and sends a system status report including the lightning strike event record and the implementation status of the protection measures to the maintenance personnel through the communication interface chip, thus completing the specific implementation process of the entire lightning protection circuit scheme.

[0074] Although the specific embodiments of the present utility model have been described above, those skilled in the art should understand that these specific embodiments are merely illustrative. Without departing from the principle and essence of the present utility model, those skilled in the art can make various omissions, substitutions, and changes to the details of the above methods and systems. For example, combining the above method steps so as to perform substantially the same function in a substantially the same way to achieve substantially the same result falls within the scope of the present utility model. Therefore, the scope of the present utility model is only defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A lightning protection circuit for a power engineering construction process, characterized in that: Include: A lightning strike sensor (1) for detecting electromagnetic pulses generated by lightning strikes; A signal amplifier (2), used for amplifying the signal detected by the lightning strike sensor (1); A signal processor (3) for analyzing the amplified signal and identifying a lightning strike event; A control logic circuit (4) is used to control the start and stop of the lightning protection circuit according to the output of the signal processor (3); A high-speed relay (5) is used to quickly switch the connection state of the circuit under the instruction of the control logic circuit (4); The gas discharge tube (6) is used to provide overvoltage protection when a lightning strike occurs and release excess energy to the ground line; Metal oxide varistor (7), used to absorb transient overvoltage generated by lightning strike and protect the circuit from damage; An overcurrent protector (8) is used to monitor the current in the circuit and disconnect the circuit when the current exceeds a safety threshold; An intelligent circuit breaker (9) is used to automatically disconnect the circuit when abnormal current or lightning threat is detected; Grounding resistance (10), used to measure the resistance value of the grounding system to ensure the effectiveness of the grounding system; A lightning rod (11) is used to attract lightning strikes and guide lightning current to a grounding system; A power management chip (12), used to provide a stable power supply for the entire lightning protection circuit; A communication interface chip (13) is used to realize data communication between various components within the circuit; An environmental monitoring sensor (14) is used to monitor the construction environment and provide environmental data to the control logic circuit (4); The positive input port of the power supply is connected to the positive input port of the intelligent circuit breaker (9); the positive output port of the intelligent circuit breaker (9) is connected to the input port of the power management chip (12); the output port of the power management chip (12) is connected to the power input ports of the control logic circuit (4), the signal processor (3), the signal amplifier (2) and the environmental monitoring sensor (14); the data output port of the environmental monitoring sensor (14) is connected to the input port of the control logic circuit (4); the output port of the lightning strike sensor (1) is connected to the input port of the signal amplifier (2); and the output port of the signal amplifier (2) is connected to the signal processor (3). The input port of the signal processor (3) is connected to the signal input port of the control logic circuit (4); the output port of the control logic circuit (4) is connected to the control port of the high-speed relay (5) and the intelligent circuit breaker (9); the normally open contact and the normally closed contact of the high-speed relay (5) are connected to the main power line to control the on and off of the circuit; the input port and the output port of the overcurrent protector (8) are connected in series to the main power line; the anode port and the cathode port of the gas discharge tube (6) are connected in parallel to the main power line; the input port and the output port of the metal oxide varistor (7) are connected in parallel to the main power line; and the lower end of the lightning rod (11) is connected to the input port of the grounding system.

2. A lightning protection circuit for electric power engineering construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lightning strike sensor (1) comprises an induction antenna, a signal filter, a signal amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter; the receiving port of the lightning strike sensor (1) is connected to the induction antenna; the lightning strike sensor (1) uses the signal filter and the signal amplifier to remove noise and enhance effective signals; the lightning strike sensor (1) uses the analog-to-digital converter to convert analog signals into digital signals.

3. A lightning protection circuit for electric power engineering construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal processor (3) receives the analog signal of the lightning strike sensor (1) through an analog-to-digital converter; the signal processor (3) uses a microcontroller and a digital signal processing module to analyze the signal and identify a lightning strike event; the signal processor (3) uses the communication interface chip (13) to send a control instruction to the control logic circuit (4).

4. A lightning protection circuit for electric power engineering construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input end of the control logic circuit (4) is connected to the output end of the signal processor (3); the control logic circuit (4) uses the high-speed relay (5) to further control the state of the relay; and the control logic circuit (4) is connected to the power management chip (12).

5. The lightning protection circuit for electric power engineering construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-speed relay (5) comprises a coil, a contact system, a contact protection, a drive circuit, armature, spring and housing; The contact system uses normally open and normally closed contacts to control the on and off of the circuit; the output port of the control logic circuit (4) is connected to the coil terminal of the high-speed relay (5) through the drive circuit to control the attraction or release of the coil; the normally open and normally closed contact terminals of the high-speed relay (5) are connected to the main power line to perform rapid circuit switching.

6. A lightning protection circuit for electric power engineering construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas discharge tube (6) comprises an anode and a cathode; neon gas is packaged between the anode and the cathode via ceramics; the gas discharge tube (6) is connected in parallel to a main power line, and the cathode is connected to a grounding system; the gas discharge tube (6) generates a trigger signal through the control logic circuit (4), and the gas medium is ionized and conducts electricity.

7. The lightning protection circuit for electric power engineering construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal oxide varistor (7) is made of zinc oxide; both ends of the metal oxide varistor (7) are provided with an electrode for connecting to a circuit; the metal oxide varistor (7) is connected in parallel to a main power line, and one end is connected to a protective ground line of the circuit.

8. The lightning protection circuit for electric power engineering construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overcurrent protector (8) is connected in series in the main power line; the overcurrent protector (8) uses a contactor to automatically open or close the circuit when an overcurrent is detected.

9. The lightning protection circuit for electric power engineering construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent circuit breaker (9) comprises a main contact and an auxiliary contact; the main contact is connected to the main circuit of the power project to control the on and off of high-power equipment; the auxiliary contact is connected to the control logic circuit (4) to perform status feedback or transmit remote control signals.

10. The lightning protection circuit for electric power engineering construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental monitoring sensor (14) comprises a thermistor, a humidity-sensitive capacitor and an anemometer; the outputs of the thermistor, the humidity-sensitive capacitor and the anemometer are connected to a signal conditioning circuit for signal conversion and amplification.

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