Building with independent external exit passageway and evacuation platform
By setting up horizontal and vertical passages, peripheral stairs and elevators on the outside of the building, the chimney effect problem during fire is solved, safe and efficient escape and rescue are achieved, and the safety and seismic resistance of the building are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420865028.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-01
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-04-24
AI Technical Summary
The stairwell of the existing building is set inside the building, causing the fire to spread rapidly during fire, creating a chimney effect, threatening the safety of residents on other floors, and there is danger when escaping.
The horizontal and vertical passages are set up on the outside of the building, and stairs and elevators are installed, the stairwells inside the building are cancelled, the entrance level and normally closed fire doors are adopted, and the group-controlled elevator system is used to ensure that residents can evacuate safely in the event of a fire.
It avoids fire smoke spreading up and down, ensures that residents can evacuate to the outside of the building in time, reduces damage, improves earthquake resistance, reduces elevator noise interference, facilitates and fast escape and rescue, and reduces operation and maintenance costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN223048190U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of buildings, and particularly relates to a building with a safety passage and an evacuation platform with independent peripherals. Background Art
[0002] For existing multi-storey buildings in old and dilapidated communities and newly built high-rise and super high-rise buildings, the stairwells and elevator shafts are directly built inside the building body. In the event of a fire, the elevators will be prohibited from use, and people can only escape by going up and down the stairs through the stairwells. Since the fire in the stairwell will form a "chimney effect" and spread rapidly upwards, the toxic smoke generated by the fire will be directly diffused to other floors through the stairwells, thus posing a serious threat to the escape of residents on other floors. Moreover, residents on other floors will pass through the floor where the fire occurs during the escape, and unexpected dangers will occur when passing through the burning floor, thus seriously affecting the life safety of residents. Content of the Utility Model
[0003] The utility model overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and provides a building with a safety passage and an evacuation platform with independent peripherals; it solves the problem that the current stairwell is set inside the building body, which threatens the safety of residents on other floors in case of a fire.
[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the utility model is realized by the following technical solutions.
[0005] A building with a safety passage and an evacuation platform with independent peripherals includes a building body, a horizontal passage, a vertical passage, an external staircase, and an external elevator. A horizontal passage is provided on each floor outside the building body, and the extending direction of the horizontal passage is parallel to the building body. A vertical passage is provided outside each household door on each floor of the building body, and the vertical passage is perpendicular to the building body. The vertical passage is flush with the floor slab of the corresponding floor of the building body. One end of the vertical passage is connected to the household door, and the other end of the vertical passage is communicated with the horizontal passage on the same floor. One or more semi-enclosed external stairwells are provided on the side of the horizontal passage away from the building body, and an external staircase is arranged inside the external stairwell. Two or more external elevators are provided on the side of the horizontal passage away from the building body.
[0006] Further, an entrance flat is laid inside each household door on each floor of the building body. The entrance flat is located outside the direct household doors of all residents in the same unit and on the same floor of the building body, and the ground of the entrance flat is flush with the floor slab of the corresponding floor.
[0007] Further, the building body is a building body with all the stairs in the original stairwell removed, and the entrance flat is laid in the original stairwell of the building body, and the entrance flat is the cross-sectional layer of the original stairwell.
[0008] Furthermore, a normally-closed fire door is provided at the entrance door.
[0009] Furthermore, guardrails are provided on both sides of the transverse passage and the longitudinal passage; or semi-enclosed walls are provided on the outermost sides of the transverse passage and the longitudinal passage, and openable windows are provided on the semi-enclosed walls.
[0010] Furthermore, the building body is the building body of a newly-built high-rise building. The entrance door is provided on the backlight side of each household in the building body, and a normally-closed fire door is provided at the entrance door.
[0011] Furthermore, both sides of the longitudinal passage are widened to be connected to the adjacent longitudinal passages on both sides.
[0012] Furthermore, two adjacent longitudinal passages are separated by guardrails or anti-peeping fences, and the longitudinal passage and the transverse passage are separated by guardrails or anti-peeping fences or semi-enclosed walls. An openable courtyard door is provided on the guardrail or anti-peeping fence or semi-enclosed wall.
[0013] Furthermore, the longitudinal passage serves as an external platform corresponding to the household.
[0014] Furthermore, when the building has a high number of floors or a large number of households on each floor, the number of external elevators and external staircases should be increased accordingly. At least one of the external elevators has the function of a fire elevator, and all the external elevators are controlled by a group control elevator system.
[0015] The beneficial effects of the present utility model compared with the prior art are as follows:
[0016] (1) A building with an independent external safety passage and evacuation platform provided by the present utility model. By arranging the elevator and the staircase outside the building body, there will be no staircase reserved inside the building body. In this way, even if a fire occurs inside the building body, there will be no staircase to generate a "chimney effect", and the smoke generated by the fire will not spread up, down, left, and right from the staircase, thereby minimizing the harm of the fire to the households on the remaining floors.
[0017] (2) A building with an independent external safety passage and evacuation platform provided by the present utility model. When a fire occurs, each household on each floor can evacuate to the external longitudinal passage or evacuation platform through the entrance flat floor and the fire door at the entrance door, and then evacuate outward through the longitudinal passage, the transverse passage, and the external staircase. In this way, it can be ensured that each household on each floor can evacuate to the outside of the building body in time during a fire, without having to pass through the floor where the fire occurs downward, preventing accidental injuries when people stay inside the building body or pass through the fire floor.
[0018] (3) The building with a safety passage and an evacuation platform with independent peripherals provided by the present utility model does not damage the main structure of the building body, and is also connected to the building body through a horizontal passage and a vertical passage, increasing the overall seismic performance of the building.
[0019] (4) In the building with a safety passage and an evacuation platform with independent peripherals provided by the present utility model, there is a certain distance between the peripheral elevator and the building body, eliminating the troubles caused by elevator noise and lighting for the owners.
[0020] (5) In the building with a safety passage and an evacuation platform with independent peripherals provided by the present utility model, if one of the peripherally controlled elevators breaks down and needs to be repaired, the owners can take other peripherally controlled elevators, which is more convenient and fast.
[0021] (6) In the building with a safety passage and an evacuation platform with independent peripherals provided by the present utility model, in case of an emergency such as a fire accident, it is more convenient for firefighters to use the fire elevator, the peripheral staircase, and the interconnected horizontal passage and vertical passage in the N peripherally controlled elevators to quickly ascend the building and carry out rescue work.
[0022] (7) In the building with a safety passage and an evacuation platform with independent peripherals provided by the present utility model, the peripheral elevator and the staircase can directly reach the residential floors, solving the problem that the owners still need to climb half a floor after getting on or off the elevator. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] The present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings:
[0024] Figure 1 is the three-dimensional schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 Figure 1 ;
[0025] Figure 2 is the three-dimensional schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 Figure 2 ;
[0026] Figure 3 is the top view schematic diagram of Embodiment 1;
[0027] Figure 4 is the side view schematic diagram of Embodiment 1;
[0028] Figure 5 is the rear view schematic diagram of Embodiment 1;
[0029] Figure 6 is the three-dimensional schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 Figure 1 ;
[0030] Figure 7 is the three-dimensional schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 Figure 2 ;
[0031] Figure 8 It is a top view schematic diagram of the second embodiment;
[0032] Figure 9 It is a side view schematic diagram of the second embodiment;
[0033] Figure 10 It is a rear view schematic diagram of the second embodiment;
[0034] Among them, 1 is the building body, 2 is the entrance flat floor, 3 is the entrance door, 4 is the horizontal passage, 5 is the vertical passage, 6 is the guardrail, 7 is the external elevator, 8 is the external staircase, 9 is the external platform, 10 is the courtyard door, and 11 is the direct entrance door. Specific implementation manners
[0035] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present utility model clearer and more understandable, the present utility model will be further described in detail in combination with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present utility model and are not used to limit the present utility model. The technical solutions of the present utility model will be described in detail below in combination with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope is not limited by this.
[0036] Embodiment 1
[0037] As Figure 1 —5 shows, this embodiment provides a building with an independent external safety passage and evacuation platform, which is aimed at the buildings in old residential areas with only stairwells, including the building body 1, the horizontal passage 4, the vertical passage 5, the external staircase 8, and the external elevator 7.
[0038] A horizontal passage 4 is provided on the outside of each floor of the building body 1. The extending direction of the horizontal passage 4 is parallel to the building body 1. The horizontal passage 4 has the same number of floors as the building body 1, and the floor height of each floor of the horizontal passage 4 is flush with the corresponding floor of the building body 1. The horizontal passage 4 is spaced more than 4 meters from the building body 1. The two ends of the horizontal passage 4 respectively extend to the entrance doors 3 on both sides of the building body 1.
[0039] A vertical passage 5 is provided outside the entrance door 3 on each floor of the building body 1. The vertical passage 5 is perpendicular to the building body 1, and the floor height of the vertical passage 5 is flush with the corresponding floor of the building body 1. One end of the vertical passage 5 is connected to the entrance door 3, and the other end of the vertical passage 5 is communicated with the horizontal passage 4 on the same floor.
[0040] Guardrails 6 are provided on both sides of the horizontal passage 4 and the vertical passage 5. Or semi-enclosed walls are provided on the outermost sides of the horizontal passage 4 and the vertical passage 5, and openable windows are provided on the semi-enclosed walls. Or anti-peeping fences are provided on both sides of the horizontal passage 4 and the vertical passage 5.
[0041] The transverse channel 4 and the longitudinal channel 5 are connected to the ground through load-bearing columns.
[0042] An entrance level 2 is paved on the inner side of the entrance door 3 on each floor of the building 1. The entrance level 2 is located outside the direct entrance doors 11 of all houses on the same unit and the same floor of the building 1. The ground of the entrance level 2 is kept flush with the floor slab of the corresponding floor.
[0043] The building body 1 is a building body 1 in which all stairs in the original stairwells of each unit are removed, and the entrance floor 2 is paved in the original stairwell of the building body 1, and the entrance floor 2 is the cross-sectional layer of the original stairwell.
[0044] Normally closed fire doors are provided at 3 entrance doors.
[0045] One or more semi-enclosed external stairwells are arranged on the side of the transverse passage 4 away from the building 1, and an external staircase is arranged inside the external stairwell. The ground outside the building can be directly reached by the external staircase 8.
[0046] Two or more external elevators 7 are arranged on the side of the transverse passage 4 away from the building 1. When the building 1 has higher floors or there are more residents on each floor, the number of external elevators and external stairs should be increased accordingly. At least one of the external elevators 7 also has the function of a fire elevator, and all the external elevators 7 are controlled by a group control elevator system.
[0047] The transverse channel 4 serves as an evacuation platform in case of an accident.
[0048] The working principle of this embodiment is:
[0049] By removing all the stairs in the original stairwells of the buildings in the old community, and then using the entrance floor 2 to cover the original stairwells on each floor, even if a fire occurs inside the building 1, since each floor of the original stairwell is covered by the entrance floor 2, the original stairwell will no longer produce a "chimney effect", and the smoke generated by the fire will not spread upward and downward from the original stairwell, thereby minimizing the damage of the fire to the residents on other floors.
[0050] When a fire occurs, residents on each floor can evacuate to the outer longitudinal passage 5 through the fire doors at the entrance floor 2 and the entrance door 3, and then evacuate to the outside through the longitudinal passage 5, the transverse passage 4, and the external staircase 8. This ensures that when a fire occurs, residents on each floor can evacuate to the outside of the building 1 in time without having to go down through the floor where the fire occurs, thereby preventing people from being crowded into the building 1 or accidentally injured when passing through the fire floor.
[0051] In daily life, residents on each floor can directly reach the longitudinal passage 5 and the transverse passage 4 through the entrance door 3 of each floor, and then take the external elevator 7 to go up and down the stairs, without having to take the stairs to go up and down the stairs, which is more convenient overall. Especially for the elderly, they can directly reach their own floor through the external elevator 7, without having to take any steps, which is more convenient for the elderly to travel.
[0052] N group-controlled external elevators (one of which also functions as a fire elevator), N external staircases, and three-dimensionally interconnected horizontal and vertical passages and other supporting facilities were newly installed outside the unit doors of multi-story residential buildings in old communities. The principle of "life first, safety first" has been adhered to, and the main advantages are as follows:
[0053] (1) Overall, the number of installed elevators and stairs is reduced, reducing operation and maintenance costs;
[0054] (2) The three-dimensional frame-type interconnected horizontal and vertical passages are connected to the main structure of the original residential building, which enhances the seismic performance of the original residential building;
[0055] (3) Taking the group-controlled external elevator directly to the entrance floor, owners no longer need to climb half a flight of stairs to enter and exit the elevator;
[0056] (4) The external elevators for group control are at a certain distance from the building, which solves the problems of elevator noise and lighting;
[0057] (5) N external elevators with group control solve the problem of maintenance of a certain elevator without affecting the owners' use of other elevators to go up and down the stairs;
[0058] (6) In the event of an emergency such as an earthquake or fire, the owner can quickly evacuate outdoors or downstairs;
[0059] (7) N group-controlled external elevators in outdoor buildings (one of which also functions as a fire elevator), N external staircases, and three-dimensionally interconnected horizontal and vertical passages can increase the speed at which firefighters can climb up buildings and enter homes for rescue.
[0060] Taking a 6-story building with three units and 6 households, a total of 36 households, of which 30 use elevators as an example, if the number of units increases, the number of group-controlled external elevators, external staircases and the length of horizontal evacuation escape passages can be appropriately increased. The specific design should be based on the "adaptation to the building" or "one floor, one policy" solution.
[0061] The three-dimensionally interconnected horizontal passages, longitudinal passages and external stairwells are built in a semi-enclosed manner, with the outside closed with steel structure glass surface materials and the inside isolated with stainless steel or wrought iron guardrails.
[0062] Embodiment 2
[0063] As shown Figures 6 - 10 in the figure, this embodiment provides a building with a safety passage and an evacuation platform with independent peripherals, targeting high-rise buildings in newly built communities, including a building body 1, a horizontal passage 4, a vertical passage 5, an external staircase 8, an external elevator 7, and an external platform 9.
[0064] On each floor outside the building body 1, a horizontal passage 4 is provided. The extending direction of the horizontal passage 4 is parallel to the building body 1. The horizontal passage 4 has the same number of floors as the building body 1, and the floor height of each floor of the horizontal passage 4 is flush with the corresponding floor of the building body 1. The horizontal passage 4 is spaced more than 4 meters from the building body 1. Both ends of the horizontal passage 4 extend to the entrance doors 3 on both sides of the building body 1.
[0065] Outside each entrance door 3 on each floor of the building body 1, a vertical passage 5 is provided. The vertical passage 5 is perpendicular to the building body 1, and the floor height of the vertical passage 5 is flush with the corresponding floor of the building body 1. One end of the vertical passage 5 is connected to the entrance door 3, and the other end of the vertical passage 5 is connected to the horizontal passage 4 on the same floor.
[0066] The horizontal passage 4 and the vertical passage 5 are connected to the ground through load-bearing columns.
[0067] The building body 1 is the building body 1 of a newly built high-rise building. The entrance door 3 is provided on the backlight side of each set of housing in the building body 1, and a normally closed fire door is provided at the entrance door 3.
[0068] Both sides of the vertical passage 5 are widened to be connected to the adjacent vertical passages 5 on both sides, that is, the width of the vertical passage 5 is equal to the width of the corresponding housing. The two adjacent vertical passages 5 are separated by a guardrail 6 or an anti-peeping fence. The vertical passage 5 and the horizontal passage 4 are separated by a guardrail 6 or a semi-enclosed wall. An openable courtyard door 10 is provided on the guardrail 6 or anti-peeping fence or semi-enclosed wall between the vertical passage 5 and the horizontal passage 4.
[0069] The vertical passage 5 serves as the external platform 9 for the corresponding housing.
[0070] On the side of the horizontal passage 4 far from the building body 1, one or more semi-enclosed external staircase rooms are provided. An external staircase is provided inside the external staircase room, and the ground outside the building can be directly reached through the external staircase 8.
[0071] On the side of the horizontal passage 4 far from the building body 1, two or more external elevators 7 are provided. When the building body 1 has a high number of floors or a large number of households on each floor, the number of external elevators and external staircases should be increased accordingly. At least one of the external elevators 7 has the function of a fire elevator, and all the external elevators are controlled by a group control elevator system.
[0072] The peripheral platform 9 serves as an evacuation platform in case of an accident.
[0073] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows:
[0074] By setting both the elevator and the staircase on the outside of the building body 1, there will be no staircase reserved inside the building body 1. In this way, even if a fire breaks out inside the building body 1, there will be no staircase to generate the "chimney effect", and the smoke generated by the fire will not spread up and down from the staircase, thus minimizing the harm to the residents on the other floors.
[0075] When a fire occurs, the residents of each housing unit can evacuate to the outer peripheral platform 9 through the fire door at the entrance door 3, or directly evacuate outward through the longitudinal passage 5, the transverse passage 4, and the peripheral staircase 8. This can ensure that the residents of each housing unit can evacuate to the outside of the building body 1 in time when a fire occurs, without having to pass through the floor where the fire breaks out downward, preventing accidental injuries when people are congested inside the building body 1 or passing through the fire floor.
[0076] In daily life, the residents of each floor can directly reach the longitudinal passage 5 and the transverse passage 4 through the entrance door 3 of each housing unit, and then take the peripheral elevator 7 to go up and down. And because a group control elevator system is adopted, the residents can use any elevator on the outside of the transverse passage 4 to go up and down, which is more convenient and fast.
[0077] Moreover, the peripheral platform 9 of each housing unit can be used as a yard, where outdoor operations such as drying clothes and planting bonsai flowers can be carried out, which is more convenient for the life of the residents.
[0078] In the second embodiment, the residential building is divided into three parts for construction, where: the indoor part is for the owners to live, live, and rest; the outdoor yard part can be used by the owners for leisure tea drinking, sports fitness, flower cultivation, and clothes drying after meals. Each household has a yard, and the two sides can be isolated or not isolated by see-through guardrails and anti-peeping fences; outside the courtyard door of each household, there are built open and interconnected transverse escape passages, N group-controlled peripheral elevators, and multiple peripheral staircases and other supporting facilities for the owners to go up and down.
[0079] (1) Supporting facilities such as N group-controlled peripheral elevators, multiple peripheral staircases, and a three-dimensional interconnected transverse escape passage are integrated with the yard of the residential building, increasing the overall seismic performance;
[0080] (2) Supporting buildings such as peripheral platforms, multiple peripheral staircases, and a three-dimensional interconnected transverse escape passage adopt open buildings without thermal insulation materials and combustibles. When a fire accident occurs indoors, the fire basically will not spread horizontally and widely to the peripheral platform or the transverse passage, and will not generate the chimney effect;
[0081] In case of a fire accident, indoor personnel adopt an escape method of first evacuating horizontally and then going downstairs vertically. The interconnected escape channels and evacuation platforms have the advantages of fast evacuation speed, large outdoor space and no congestion. It changes the escape method where personnel evacuate vertically in the same direction as the spread of smoke and fire, and solves the problems of congested escape channels, small evacuation space and slow speed.
[0082] (4) N externally controlled elevators outside the building (one of which also functions as a fire elevator), multiple external staircases and three-dimensional interconnected horizontal escape channels, etc., make it more convenient for fire rescue personnel to quickly ascend the building to carry out rescue.
[0083] (5) Shared supporting facilities such as N externally controlled elevators outside the building (one of which also functions as a fire elevator), multiple external staircases and three-dimensional interconnected horizontal escape channels, etc. not only reduce the number of elevators and staircases, improve the usage frequency, but also save the operation and maintenance costs.
[0084] (6) N externally controlled elevators outside the building solve the problem that when one elevator breaks down for maintenance, people can take other elevators to go up and down the building.
[0085] (7) The interconnected external platforms (yards) can establish friendly and harmonious neighborhood relations, enhance information interaction and emotional communication among neighbors, and improve the guarantee capabilities of disaster prevention, theft prevention, joint defense and joint service.
[0086] A building with an external platform (yard). First, it adheres to the basic principle of "life first, safety first". In case of earthquakes, fires, etc., indoor personnel can quickly evacuate to the outdoor platform yard and go downstairs to escape through the interconnected corridors. Second, it constructs a harmonious and friendly neighborhood relationship. Each floor is a large platform and a large yard, just like a warm big family, making life happier and more beautiful. Third, the unit doors and numbers of the whole building are cancelled (address: changed from Room X, Unit X, Building X, X Community to Room X, Floor X, Building X, X Community). Fourth, the group-controlled elevators and staircases reduce the number of elevators and staircases, which not only saves the construction and operation and maintenance costs of elevators and staircases, but also improves the usage frequency.
[0087] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present utility model is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present utility model. Therefore, in any aspect, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present utility model is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present utility model. Any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claimed rights.
Claims
1. A building with independent external safety passage and evacuation platform, characterized by: The invention comprises a building (1), a transverse passage (4), a longitudinal passage (5), an external staircase (8) and an external elevator (7). A transverse passage (4) is arranged on each floor outside the building (1). The extension direction of the transverse passage (4) is parallel to the building (1). The transverse passage (4) and the building (1) are spaced at a distance of more than 4 meters. A longitudinal passage (5) is arranged on the outside of each entrance door on each floor of the building (1). The longitudinal passage (5) is perpendicular to the building (1). The longitudinal passage (5) and the floor slab height of the corresponding floor of the building (1) are kept flush. One end of the longitudinal passage (5) is connected to the entrance door (3). The other end of the passage (5) is connected to the transverse passage (4) on the same floor. One or more semi-enclosed external staircases are arranged on the side of the transverse passage (4) away from the building (1). An external staircase (8) is arranged inside the external staircase. Two or more external elevators (7) are arranged on the side of the transverse passage (4) away from the building (1). An entrance level (2) is laid on the inner side of the entrance door (3) on each floor of the building (1). The entrance level (2) is located outside the direct entrance doors of all the houses on the same unit and the same floor of the building (1). The ground of the entrance level (2) is kept flush with the floor slab of the corresponding floor. The building (1) is a building (1) from which all stairs in the original stairwell have been removed or a building (1) of a newly built high-rise building; the entrance floor (2) is laid in the original stairwell of the building (1) from which all stairs in the original stairwell have been removed, and the entrance floor (2) is a cross-sectional layer of the original stairwell; the entrance door (3) is arranged on the backlight side of each household of the building (1) of the newly built high-rise building, and a normally closed fire door is arranged at the entrance door (3).
2. A building with independent external safety passage and evacuation platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: Guardrails (6) are provided on both sides of the transverse channel (4) and the longitudinal channel (5); or semi-enclosed walls are provided on the outermost sides of the transverse channel (4) and the longitudinal channel (5), and openable windows are provided on the semi-enclosed walls.
3. A building with independent external safety passage and evacuation platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both sides of the longitudinal channel (5) are widened to be connected to the adjacent longitudinal channels (5) on both sides.
4. A building with independent external safety passage and evacuation platform according to claim 3, characterized in that: Two adjacent longitudinal passages (5) are separated by a guardrail or a privacy fence, and the longitudinal passage (5) and the transverse passage (4) are separated by a guardrail or a privacy fence or a semi-enclosed wall. An openable courtyard door (10) is provided on the guardrail or the privacy fence or the semi-enclosed wall.
5. A building with an independent safety passage and evacuation platform according to claim 4, characterized in that: The longitudinal channel (5) is an external platform (9) corresponding to the residents.