Integrated special molecular pump power supply

By designing the heat dissipation structure and dust-proof structure in the molecular pump power supply, the problems of insufficient heat dissipation and dust accumulation are solved, better heat dissipation effect and stability are achieved, and service life is extended and efficiency is improved.

CN223049087UActive Publication Date: 2025-07-01BEIJING TAIYUEHENG VACUUM EQUIP CO LTD
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202421927009.2
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2024-08-09
Publication Date
2025-07-01
Estimated Expiration
2034-08-09

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

The heat dissipation effect of existing molecular pump power supplies is insufficient, which can easily lead to dust accumulation and affect service life and stability.

Method used

An integrated dedicated molecular pump power supply is designed, using a heat dissipation structure, connection structure and dust-proof structure, which accelerates heat loss through the heat dissipation plate and heat conduction block, and filters dust with dust using a dustproof mesh to reduce the number of dismantling and maintenance.

Benefits of technology

It achieves better heat dissipation effect, avoids loosening due to vibration, reduces dust entry, extends service life and improves usage efficiency.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Patent Text Reader

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of control power supplies, and discloses an integrated special molecular pump power supply, which comprises a shell, heat dissipation structures are symmetrically arranged at the center of the upper end face of the shell, the lower ends of the two heat dissipation structures respectively penetrate through the upper end face of the shell and are respectively communicated to the inside, and a side plate is fixedly connected to the front side wall of the shell. A plurality of display panels are arranged at the position, close to the upper end, of the center of the front side wall of the side plate, a control button is arranged at the position, close to the two sides, of the center of the front side wall of the side plate, and handles are fixedly connected to the positions, close to the two sides, of the center of the front side wall of the side plate. According to the heat dissipation structure, internal heat loss can be accelerated, internal heat is conducted through the lower heat dissipation plate and then conducted to the interiors of the heat conduction blocks, heat transfer is accelerated due to the hollow shape between the upper heat dissipation plate and the lower heat dissipation plate, and finally the heat is dissipated through the upper heat dissipation plate; and a good heat dissipation effect is achieved.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of control power supplies, and particularly to an integrated special molecular pump power supply. Background Art

[0002] A molecular pump is a high-vacuum pump that uses a high-speed rotating rotor to generate a strong centrifugal force to suck gas molecules from the inlet of the pump to the outlet, thereby achieving the purpose of pumping vacuum. Molecular pumps are usually used in scientific research and industrial applications that require extremely high vacuum levels, such as particle accelerators, semiconductor manufacturing, mass spectrometry, surface science experiments, etc. A molecular pump power supply refers to a power supply device that provides the electrical energy required for the operation of the molecular pump.

[0003] However, there are still some deficiencies and areas for improvement in the existing molecular pump power supplies during actual use. Since molecular pumps have relatively high requirements for the stability and cooling performance of the power supply, insufficient heat dissipation effects can easily affect their service life. At the same time, due to the long-term contact of the air inlet with the outside air, internal dust accumulation will occur and it is not easy to clean. Therefore, technicians in this field have provided an integrated special molecular pump power supply to solve the problems raised in the above background art. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to solve the deficiencies existing in the prior art, and to propose an integrated special molecular pump power supply. By setting a heat dissipation structure, the heat loss inside can be accelerated, achieving better heat dissipation and cooling effects, thereby ensuring the overall service life. At the same time, a connection structure is set to strengthen the stability of the connection, avoiding loosening caused by vibration. And a dust-proof structure is set to achieve a good dust-proof effect, and at the same time, the number of disassembly times for maintenance can be reduced, improving the overall use efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solution: An integrated special molecular pump power supply, including a housing. At the center of the upper end surface of the housing, heat dissipation structures are symmetrically arranged. The lower ends of the two heat dissipation structures respectively penetrate the upper end surface of the housing and lead to the inside. A side plate is fixedly connected to the front side wall of the housing. At the upper center of the front side wall of the side plate, a plurality of display panels are arranged. A control button is arranged at the center of the front side wall of the side plate. Handles are respectively fixedly connected to the two sides of the center of the front side wall of the side plate. Connection structures are symmetrically arranged at the two sides of the center of the front side wall of the side plate near the edges. The rear ends of the four connection structures respectively penetrate the front side wall of the side plate and lead to the rear end. A dust-proof structure is arranged at one side near the center of the rear side wall of the housing. The dust-proof structure is detachably connected to the rear side wall of the housing. An intake fan is arranged inside the housing in front of the dust-proof structure. The lower end of the intake fan is fixedly connected to the lower inner wall of the housing;

[0006] Through the above technical solution, by setting up a heat dissipation structure, the heat loss inside can be accelerated, achieving better heat dissipation and cooling effects, thereby ensuring the overall service life. At the same time, by setting up a connection structure, the stability of the connection can be strengthened, avoiding loosening caused by vibration. And by setting up a dust-proof structure, a good dust-proof effect can be achieved, and at the same time, the number of disassembly times for maintenance can be reduced, improving the overall usage efficiency.

[0007] Further, the heat dissipation structure includes a lower heat dissipation plate, and a plurality of heat conduction blocks are fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the lower heat dissipation plate. An upper heat dissipation plate is arranged above the lower heat dissipation plate, and the upper ends of the plurality of heat conduction blocks are respectively fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the upper heat dissipation plate;

[0008] Through the above technical solution, by using the lower heat dissipation plate to conduct the heat inside, and then conducting it into the plurality of heat conduction blocks. Due to the hollow shape between the upper heat dissipation plate and the lower heat dissipation plate, the heat transfer is accelerated, and finally, the upper heat dissipation plate dissipates the heat, achieving a good heat dissipation effect.

[0009] Further, the connection structure includes a fixing bolt. The rear end of the fixing bolt penetrates through the front side wall of the side plate and reaches the rear end. A spring is sleeved on the side wall of the fixing bolt at the rear end of the side plate, and one end of the spring is fixedly connected to the side wall of the fixing bolt;

[0010] Through the above technical solution, when in use, the fixing bolt with a spring is tightened at the installation position. With the cooperation of the spring and the fixing bolt, the connection position is further strengthened, avoiding loosening caused by vibration.

[0011] Further, the dust-proof structure includes a guard plate. A plurality of air inlet holes are arranged at the center of the rear side wall of the guard plate. The front ends of the plurality of air inlet holes respectively penetrate through the rear side wall of the guard plate and reach the other side. Two holding frames are respectively arranged on the front side wall of the guard plate at the upper and lower ends of the plurality of air inlet holes. A first reel is arranged between the two upper holding frames, and a second reel is arranged between the two lower holding frames. A dust-proof net is wound around the side wall of the second reel, and the other end of the dust-proof net is wound around the side wall of the first reel. A magic tape is arranged on the side wall of the dust-proof net. A first bevel gear is penetrated and connected to the side wall of one of the upper holding frames. A knob is arranged on the side wall of the guard plate near the rear side of the first bevel gear. The front end of the knob penetrates through the rear side wall of the guard plate and reaches the front end, and the end part is fixedly connected to a second bevel gear, and the second bevel gear meshes with the first bevel gear;

[0012] With the above technical solution, during use, the intake fan inside accelerates the incoming external air. During the incoming process, the dust net filters out impurities and dust inside, reducing the entry of dust into the interior of the housing. After using for a period of time, by rotating the knob, the second helical gear at the rear end of the knob meshes with the first helical gear on the side wall of the cage, thereby driving the upper first reel to wind up, rolling up the used dust net, and replacing the unused dust net back to its original position, so as to realize continuous use. After the whole roll is used up, the inner second reel and first reel can be replaced by removing the guard plate, reducing the frequency of cleaning and maintenance.

[0013] Further, a plurality of connection line connectors are arranged on the center of the rear side wall of the housing close to the other side wall, and a plurality of circular sockets are arranged on the rear side wall of the housing on the other side of the plurality of connection line connectors. A power line connector is arranged at the center of the rear side wall of the housing close to one diagonal corner;

[0014] With the above technical solution, it meets the need for extended use in reality.

[0015] Further, both ends of the first reel and the second reel are detachably connected between the two cages;

[0016] With the above technical solution, it can be disassembled and replaced according to the specific usage situation.

[0017] Further, an exhaust hole is arranged at the center of the front side of the upper end surface of the housing, and a plurality of heat dissipation grooves are respectively arranged at the centers of the two side walls of the housing;

[0018] With the above technical solution, the exhaust hole can discharge the hot air inside, and the heat dissipation grooves can increase the contact area between the housing and the air, achieving an auxiliary heat dissipation effect.

[0019] Further, the materials of the lower heat dissipation plate, the heat conduction block and the upper heat dissipation plate are copper, thermal conductive silicone gel and aluminum respectively;

[0020] With the above technical solution, copper has excellent heat conduction effect, which can conduct the internal heat out to the greatest extent. With the cooperation of a plurality of thermal conductive silicone gels, the heat transfer is accelerated, and finally the heat is dissipated into the air through aluminum metal, achieving a good heat dissipation effect.

[0021] The utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. In the present utility model, by providing a heat dissipation structure, the heat loss inside can be accelerated. The lower heat dissipation plate conducts the heat inside, and then it is conducted into the interiors of multiple heat conduction blocks. Due to the hollow shape between the upper heat dissipation plate and the lower heat dissipation plate, the heat transfer is accelerated. Finally, the upper heat dissipation plate dissipates the heat, achieving a good heat dissipation effect.

[0023] 2. In the present utility model, by providing a dust-proof structure, the external air is accelerated into the interior by the intake fan inside. During the intake process, the impurities and dust inside are filtered by the dust-proof net, reducing the dust entering the interior of the housing. After using for a period of time, by rotating the knob, the second helical gear at the rear end of the knob meshes with the first helical gear on the side wall of the cage, thereby driving the first reel at the upper end to wind up, rolling up the used dust-proof net, and replacing the unused dust-proof net back to its original position, so as to realize continuous use. After the whole roll is used up, the cleaning and maintenance times are reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 An isometric view of an integrated dedicated molecular pump power supply proposed by the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 A top view of an integrated dedicated molecular pump power supply proposed by the present utility model;

[0026] Figure 3 A rear view of an integrated dedicated molecular pump power supply proposed by the present utility model;

[0027] Figure 4 A front view of the guard plate in an integrated dedicated molecular pump power supply proposed by the present utility model;

[0028] Figure 5 An isometric view of the heat dissipation structure in an integrated dedicated molecular pump power supply proposed by the present utility model.

[0029] LEGEND DESCRIPTION:

[0030] 1. Housing; 2. Heat dissipation structure; 201. Upper heat dissipation plate; 202. Heat conduction block; 203. Lower heat dissipation plate; 3. Exhaust hole; 4. Handle; 5. Display panel; 6. Control button; 7. Heat dissipation groove; 8. Power cord connector; 9. Connection structure; 901. Spring; 902. Fixed bolt; 10. Side plate; 11. Dust-proof structure; 1101. Knob; 1102. Intake hole; 1103. Guard plate; 1104. Cage; 1105. First reel; 1106. First helical gear; 1107. Second helical gear; 1108. Dust-proof net; 1109. Second reel; 12. Connection line connector; 13. Circular jack; 14. Intake fan. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0031] Next, in combination with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present utility model, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0032] Referring to Figures 1-5 , an embodiment provided by the present utility model: an integrated dedicated molecular pump power supply, including a housing 1. At the center of the upper end surface of the housing 1, heat dissipation structures 2 are symmetrically arranged. The lower ends of the two heat dissipation structures 2 respectively penetrate the upper end surface of the housing 1 and lead to the inside. A side plate 10 is fixedly connected to the front side wall of the housing 1. At the upper part of the center of the front side wall of the side plate 10, a plurality of display panels 5 are arranged. At the center of the front side wall of the side plate 10, a control button 6 is arranged. Handles 4 are respectively fixedly connected to the two sides of the center of the front side wall of the side plate 10. Connection structures 9 are symmetrically arranged at the two sides of the center of the front side wall of the side plate 10. The rear ends of the four connection structures 9 respectively penetrate the front side wall of the side plate 10 and lead to the rear end. At one side of the center of the rear side wall of the housing 1, a dust-proof structure 11 is arranged. The dust-proof structure 11 is detachably connected to the rear side wall of the housing 1. An intake fan 14 is arranged inside the housing 1 on the front side of the dust-proof structure 11. The lower end of the intake fan 14 is fixedly connected to the lower inner wall of the housing 1.

[0033] The heat dissipation structure 2 includes a lower heat dissipation plate 203. A plurality of heat conduction blocks 202 are fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the lower heat dissipation plate 203. An upper heat dissipation plate 201 is arranged above the lower heat dissipation plate 203. The upper ends of the plurality of heat conduction blocks 202 are respectively fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the upper heat dissipation plate 201. By using the lower heat dissipation plate 203 to conduct the internal heat, and then conducting it into the plurality of heat conduction blocks 202. Due to the hollow shape between the upper heat dissipation plate 201 and the lower heat dissipation plate 203, the heat transfer is accelerated. Finally, the upper heat dissipation plate 201 dissipates the heat, achieving a good heat dissipation effect.

[0034] The connection structure 9 includes a fixing bolt 902. The rear end of the fixing bolt 902 penetrates the front side wall of the side plate 10 and leads to the rear end. A spring 901 is sleeved on the side wall of the fixing bolt 902 at the rear end of the side plate 10. One end of the spring 901 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the fixing bolt 902. When in use, the fixing bolt 902 with the spring 901 is tightened at the installation position. With the cooperation of the spring 901 and the fixing bolt 902, the connection position is further strengthened to avoid loosening due to vibration.

[0035] The dust-proof structure 11 includes a guard plate 1103. At the center of the rear side wall of the guard plate 1103, a plurality of air inlets 1102 are provided. The front ends of the plurality of air inlets 1102 respectively penetrate through the rear side wall of the guard plate 1103 and lead to the other side. On the front side walls of the guard plate 1103 at the upper and lower ends of the plurality of air inlets 1102, two cage frames 1104 are respectively provided. Between the two cage frames 1104 at the upper end, a first reel 1105 is provided. Between the two cage frames 1104 at the lower end, a second reel 1109 is provided. A dust-proof net 1108 is wound around the side wall of the second reel 1109, and the other end of the dust-proof net 1108 is wound around the side wall of the first reel 1105. A magic tape is provided on the side wall of the dust-proof net 1108. The dust-proof net 1108 is an adhesive dust-proof net 1108 that can be used in cooperation with the magic tape. A first bevel gear 1106 is connected through the side wall of one cage frame 1104 at the upper end. On the side wall of the guard plate 1103 near the rear of the first bevel gear 1106, a knob 1101 is provided. The front end of the knob 1101 penetrates through the rear side wall of the guard plate 1103 and leads to the front end, and the end is fixedly connected with a second bevel gear 1107. The second bevel gear 1107 meshes with the first bevel gear 1106. When in use, the external air is accelerated and introduced through the internal intake fan 14. During the introduction process, the impurities and dust inside are filtered through the dust-proof net 1108, reducing the dust entering the interior of the housing 1. After using for a period of time, by rotating the knob 1101, the second bevel gear 1107 at the rear end of the knob 1101 meshes with the first bevel gear 1106 on the side wall of the cage frame 1104, thereby driving the upper first reel 1105 to wind up, rolling up the used dust-proof net 1108. Since both ends of the first reel 1105 are rotatably connected to the two cage frames 1104 respectively, and because one end of the first bevel gear 1106 penetrates through the side wall of a cage frame 1104, so when installing, one end of the first reel 1105 is directly connected to one end of the first bevel gear 1106, thus being able to drive it to rotate. Since the inner parts of the first reel 1105 and the second reel 1109 are drums which are existing structures, and when installing, they only need to be sleeved on one end of the two cage frames 1104, first sleeve one end and then the other end. The unused dust-proof net 1108 is replaced back to the original position, so as to realize continuous use. After the whole roll is used up, the internal second reel 1109 and first reel 1105 can be replaced by disassembling the guard plate 1103. When disassembling, move the first reel 1105 towards one cage frame 1104, then remove the end sleeved on the first bevel gear 1106, and after removing, remove the other end, reducing the number of cleaning and maintenance times.

[0036] At the center of the rear side wall of the housing 1, multiple connection line connectors 12 are provided on the other side wall. On the rear side wall of the housing 1 on the other side of the multiple connection line connectors 12, multiple circular jacks 13 are provided. At the center of the rear side wall of the housing 1, near one diagonal corner, a power cord connector 8 is provided.

[0037] Both ends of the first reel 1105 and the second reel 1109 are detachably connected to and respectively rotatably connected to two cages 1104. At the front side near the center of the upper end surface of the housing 1, an exhaust hole 3 is provided. At the center of both side walls of the housing 1, multiple heat dissipation grooves 7 are respectively provided. The exhaust hole 3 can discharge the hot air inside. The heat dissipation grooves 7 can increase the contact area between the housing 1 and the air, achieving an auxiliary heat dissipation effect. The materials of the lower heat dissipation plate 203, the heat conduction block 202, and the upper heat dissipation plate 201 are copper, thermal conductive silicone gel, and aluminum respectively. Copper has excellent heat conduction effect and can conduct the internal heat out to the greatest extent. With the cooperation of multiple thermal conductive silicone gels, the heat transfer is accelerated, and finally the heat is dissipated into the air through the metal aluminum, achieving a good heat dissipation effect.

[0038] Working principle: The utility model is an integrated dedicated molecular pump power supply. When in use, the fixing bolt 902 with a spring 901 is screwed tightly at the installation position. With the cooperation of the spring 901 and the fixing bolt 902, the connection position is further strengthened to prevent loosening caused by vibration. At the same time, the internal heat is conducted by the lower heat dissipation plate 203, and then conducted into the interiors of multiple heat conduction blocks 202. Due to the hollow shape between the upper heat dissipation plate 201 and the lower heat dissipation plate 203, the heat transfer is accelerated. Finally, the heat is dissipated through the upper heat dissipation plate 201 to achieve a good heat dissipation effect. The external air is accelerated into the interior by the intake fan 14 inside. During the intake process, the impurities and dust inside are filtered by the dust-proof net 1108 to reduce the dust entering the interior of the housing 1. After using for a period of time, by rotating the knob 1101, the second bevel gear 1107 at the rear end of the knob 1101 meshes with the first bevel gear 1106 on the side wall of the cage 1104, thereby driving the upper first reel 1105 to wind up, and rolling up the used dust-proof net 1108. Since both ends of the first reel 1105 are rotatably connected to the two cages 1104 respectively, and because one end of the first bevel gear 1106 penetrates the side wall of a cage 1104, when installing, one end of the first reel 1105 is directly connected to one end of the first bevel gear 1106, so it can drive it to rotate. The unused dust-proof net 1108 is replaced to the original position to achieve continuous use. After the whole roll is used up, the internal second reel 1109 and the first reel 1105 can be replaced by removing the protection plate 1103. When disassembling, the first reel 1105 is moved towards one cage 1104, and then the sleeve on one end of the first bevel gear 1106 is removed. After the removal is completed, the other end is removed, reducing the frequency of cleaning and maintenance.

[0039] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not used to limit the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model shall be included in the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An integrated dedicated molecular pump power supply, comprising a housing (1), characterized in that: A heat dissipation structure (2) is symmetrically arranged at the center of the upper end surface of the shell (1), and the lower ends of the two heat dissipation structures (2) respectively penetrate the upper end surface of the shell (1) and respectively pass into the interior; a side plate (10) is fixedly connected to the front side wall of the shell (1); a plurality of display panels (5) are arranged at the center of the front side wall of the side plate (10) near the upper end; a control button (6) is arranged at the center of the front side wall of the side plate (10); handles (4) are fixedly connected at the center of the front side wall of the side plate (10) near both sides; the side plate (10) Connecting structures (9) are symmetrically arranged at the center of the front side wall near the edges of both sides, and the rear ends of the four connecting structures (9) respectively penetrate the front side wall of the side plate (10) and are respectively connected to the rear end; a dustproof structure (11) is arranged at one side of the center of the rear side wall of the shell (1); the dustproof structure (11) is detachably connected to the rear side wall of the shell (1); an air intake fan (14) is arranged inside the shell (1) in front of the dustproof structure (11), and the lower end of the air intake fan (14) is fixedly connected to the lower inner wall of the shell (1).

2. The integrated dedicated molecular pump power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat dissipation structure (2) comprises a lower heat dissipation plate (203), a plurality of heat-conducting blocks (202) are fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the lower heat dissipation plate (203), an upper heat dissipation plate (201) is arranged at the upper end of the lower heat dissipation plate (203), and the upper ends of the plurality of heat-conducting blocks (202) are respectively fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the upper heat dissipation plate (201).

3. The integrated dedicated molecular pump power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection structure (9) comprises a fixing bolt (902), the rear end of which passes through the front side wall of the side plate (10) and reaches the rear end, and a spring (901) is sleeved on the side wall of the fixing bolt (902) at the rear end of the side plate (10), and one end of the spring (901) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the fixing bolt (902).

4. The integrated dedicated molecular pump power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dustproof structure (11) comprises a guard plate (1103), a plurality of air inlet holes (1102) are arranged at the center of the rear side wall of the guard plate (1103), the front ends of the plurality of air inlet holes (1102) respectively penetrate the rear side wall of the guard plate (1103) and respectively pass to the other side, two retaining frames (1104) are respectively arranged on the front side wall of the guard plate (1103) at the upper and lower ends of the plurality of air inlet holes (1102), a first reel (1105) is arranged between the two retaining frames (1104) at the upper end, a second reel (1109) is arranged between the two retaining frames (1104) at the lower end, and a side wall of the second reel (1109) is wound with A dustproof net (1108), the other end of the dustproof net (1108) is wound on the side wall of the first reel (1105), Velcro is provided on the side wall of the dustproof net (1108), a first bevel gear (1106) is penetrated and connected on the side wall of the retaining frame (1104) on the upper end side, a knob (1101) is provided on the side wall of the rear side guard plate (1103) close to the first bevel gear (1106), the front end of the knob (1101) penetrates the rear side wall of the guard plate (1103) and passes to the front end, and the end is fixedly connected to the second bevel gear (1107), and the second bevel gear (1107) and the first bevel gear (1106) are meshed with each other.

5. The integrated dedicated molecular pump power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of connection line connectors (12) are arranged at the center of the rear side wall of the shell (1) close to the other side wall, a plurality of circular plug holes (13) are arranged on the rear side wall of the shell (1) on the other side of the plurality of connection line connectors (12), and a power line connector (8) is arranged at the center of the rear side wall of the shell (1) close to one side diagonal position.

6. The integrated dedicated molecular pump power supply according to claim 4, characterized in that: The two ends of the first reel (1105) and the second reel (1109) are respectively detachably connected to the two retaining frames (1104).

7. The integrated dedicated molecular pump power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: An exhaust hole (3) is provided at the front side of the center of the upper end surface of the shell (1), and a plurality of heat dissipation grooves (7) are respectively provided at the center of the two side walls of the shell (1).

8. The integrated dedicated molecular pump power supply according to claim 2, characterized in that: The materials of the lower heat sink (203), the heat conduction block (202) and the upper heat sink (201) are copper, heat conduction silicone gel and aluminum, respectively.