System for preparing seedling substrate by adopting pennisetum sinese

Abstract

The utility model discloses a system for preparing a seedling substrate by adopting pennisetum sinese. The system comprises a straw crusher, a decomposition fermentation tank, a mixed alkaline dissociation device, a freezing device, a dosing modification device, a drying activation device, a pickling device, a washing filtering device and a mixed fermentation aging tank which are sequentially connected in series. According to the characteristics of the pennisetum sinese, a series of processing treatments such as crushing, decomposition fermentation, alkaline dissociation, freezing, modification, activation, acid pickling, water washing, mixed fermentation aging and the like of the pennisetum sinese can be specifically integrated, and the pennisetum sinese processing device has the advantages of being low in labor intensity, high in continuous productivity, stable in product quality and the like. In addition, the device also has the characteristics of simple structure, small occupied area, low personnel demand, simplicity in operation, stability in operation, low equipment investment cost, high practicability and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to agricultural production equipment, in particular to a system for preparing a seedling-raising substrate by using Pennisetum giganteum, belonging to the technical field of agricultural production equipment. Background Art

[0002] There are no spore-forming bacilli and other microorganisms in the conventional flue-cured tobacco seedling-raising substrate. During seedling raising, there are many diseases and a large amount of green algae. Moreover, resources such as peat and earthworm soil are becoming increasingly scarce and the cost is rising day by day. Due to reasons such as low water temperature during the seedling stage, insufficient light, difficulty in dehydration during the hardening-off stage, insufficient number of leaf pruning times, or a relatively small hole diameter of the seedling tray cavities in the conventional floating seedling raising method, the cultivated tobacco seedlings have slender stems, high water content, turn white, are not strong enough, have poor stress resistance after transplanting, a long seedling return period, and a one-time survival rate lower than 90%. Tobacco farmers need to replant many seedlings, resulting in uneven growth of tobacco leaves before topping, affecting the yield and quality of tobacco leaves and increasing the labor of tobacco farmers.

[0003] There are more than 700 kinds of endophytic bacteria in the stem of Pennisetum giganteum. Among them, a nitrogen-fixing bacterium called Delftia tsuruhatensis accounts for more than 80%, which can continuously convert nitrogen in the air into nitrogen fertilizer to supply nutrients for plants; there are more than 600 kinds of endophytic bacteria in the roots, and among them, Weissella cibaria, a biocontrol bacterium, accounts for more than 90%, which has the ability to prevent and control root diseases such as fusarium wilt. It can both "produce and sell by itself" and "be invulnerable to all poisons", which to a certain extent explains why Pennisetum giganteum has a growth ability that is difficult to match by other crops. The juice of Pennisetum giganteum also contains 12 categories of beneficial substances such as terpenoids, ketones, esters, aldehydes, etc. Each category of substances has its own special functions. Some have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and some belong to natural active substances and have excellent decontamination and deodorization abilities. Different from the "one bacterium, one formula" of artificial culture media, different types of microorganisms can be efficiently cultured without the need to add other raw materials; it can improve the soil and water body ecology, decompose fecal sewage, and is also an excellent material for seedling-raising substrates. However, the lignin macromolecules inside it wrap the cellulose, preventing the microbial flora from degrading the cellulose. In addition, there are few reports on the deep processing of Pennisetum giganteum according to its characteristics for the preparation of flue-cured tobacco seedling-raising substrates. And in the prior art, Pennisetum giganteum is only processed and utilized by simple crushing and composting fermentation methods. The processing methods are primitive and mainly rely on manual processing, having the deficiencies of high labor intensity, low production efficiency, and difficulty in ensuring the stability of product quality. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] In view of the problems in the prior art, such as the primitive processing method of Pennisetum giganteum, high labor intensity, low production efficiency, and poor product quality stability, the present utility model provides a system for preparing a seedling-raising substrate using Pennisetum giganteum. This system targets the characteristics of Pennisetum giganteum and can thus specifically achieve a series of processing treatments for Pennisetum giganteum, such as crushing, composting fermentation, alkaline dissociation, freezing, modification, activation, pickling, water washing, and mixed fermentation and aging. It has the characteristics of low labor intensity, continuous production, and stable product quality.

[0005] To achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solutions adopted by the present utility model are specifically described as follows:

[0006] A system for preparing a seedling-raising substrate using Pennisetum giganteum, which includes a straw crusher, a composting fermentation tank, a mixed alkaline dissociation device, a freezing device, a dosing modification device, a drying activation device, a pickling device, a water washing and filtering device, and a mixed fermentation and aging tank. The straw crusher, the composting fermentation tank, the mixed alkaline dissociation tank, the freezing device, the drying device, the activation device, the pickling device, the water washing and filtering device, and the mixed fermentation and aging tank are sequentially connected in series.

[0007] Preferably, the straw crusher includes a belt-type feeding trough, a bale-breaking knife roll, a crushing chamber, and a crushing knife roll. The discharging end of the belt-type feeding trough is connected to the feeding end of the crushing chamber. The bale-breaking knife roll is arranged in the crushing chamber and above its feeding port. The crushing knife roll is arranged in the crushing chamber and downstream of the bale-breaking knife roll. Preferably, the belt-type feeding trough, the bale-breaking knife roll, and the crushing knife roll are respectively independently connected to an external drive motor.

[0008] Preferably, the bale-breaking knife roll includes a bale-breaking roll and straight knives. A plurality of straight knives are vertically installed on the roll surface of the bale-breaking roll through a plurality of straight knife seats. Preferably, the plurality of straight knives are symmetrically distributed on the roll surface of the bale-breaking roll along the axial direction or distributed in a single helix and / or double helix manner.

[0009] Preferably, the crushing knife roll includes a crushing roll and Y-shaped throwing knives. A plurality of Y-shaped throwing knives are vertically installed on the roll surface of the crushing roll through a plurality of throwing knife seats. Preferably, the plurality of Y-shaped throwing knives are symmetrically distributed on the roll surface of the crushing roll along the axial direction or distributed in a single helix and / or double helix manner.

[0010] Preferably, corresponding to the crushing knife roll, crushing fixed knives are also correspondingly arranged on the inner wall of the crushing chamber.

[0011] Preferably, the straw crusher includes a uniform feeding roller. A pair of arc-shaped chutes are formed on the two side walls at the discharge end of the belt-type feeding trough, and the two ends of the uniform feeding roller are installed in the arc-shaped chutes. An outer shell frame is also hinged on the outer wall of the crushing chamber, and the other end of the outer shell frame is connected to the shaft end of the uniform feeding roller. A feeding roller drive motor is arranged at the top of the outer shell frame. Preferably, a plurality of baffles with the same or different protruding heights are also arranged on the surface of the uniform feeding roller.

[0012] Preferably, the mixed alkaline dissociation device includes a dissociation tank, an alkali solution tank, a thiourea tank, and an auxiliary material tank (i.e., a compound material tank, and the compound material is a mixture of perlite, carbonized rice husk, and vermiculite). The feed inlet of the dissociation tank is connected to the discharge port of the composting fermentation tank, and the discharge port of the dissociation tank is connected to the feed inlet of the freezing device. The alkali solution tank, the thiourea tank, and the auxiliary material tank are all arranged beside the dissociation tank, and their discharge ports are all connected to the feeding port of the dissociation tank. Preferably, a dissociation heating mechanism and a dissociation stirring mechanism are also arranged in the dissociation tank.

[0013] Preferably, the medicine adding and modifying device includes a modification tank and a melamine phosphate storage tank. The feed inlet of the modification tank is connected to the discharge port of the freezing device, and the discharge port of the modification tank is connected to the feed inlet of the drying and activation device. The melamine phosphate storage tank is arranged beside the modification tank, and its discharge port is connected to the medicine adding port of the modification tank. Preferably, a modification stirring mechanism is also arranged in the modification tank.

[0014] Preferably, the drying and activation device includes a drying box and an activation furnace. The drying box and the activation furnace are arranged in series. The feed inlet of the drying box is connected to the discharge port of the medicine adding and modifying device, and the discharge port of the activation furnace is connected to the feed inlet of the pickling device. A nitrogen inlet pipe is also connected to the activation furnace.

[0015] Preferably, the mixed fermentation and aging tank includes a fermentation and aging tank, an alkali material tank, and a microbial inoculant tank. The alkali material tank and the microbial inoculant tank are both arranged beside the fermentation and aging tank, and their discharge ports are both connected to the feeding port of the fermentation and aging tank. Preferably, a material turning mechanism is also arranged in the fermentation and aging tank.

[0016] In the present utility model, by designing a Pennisetum giganteum straw crusher with a multi-stage crushing mechanism, uniform and efficient crushing of Pennisetum giganteum straw can be achieved, thereby overcoming the problems of high labor consumption and unsatisfactory crushing effect of Pennisetum giganteum in the prior art. The straw crusher mainly consists of a conveying device (i.e., a belt-type feeding trough), a uniform feeding device (i.e., a constant-speed feeding roller), a bale-breaking device (i.e., a straight-knife bale-breaking roller), a crushing device (i.e., a Y-type knife crushing roller), and a transmission system (a driving motor and a belt-type transmission mechanism). The conveying device is connected to the uniform feeding device, and is followed by two-stage crushing devices. The first stage is a straight-knife bale-breaking device, and the second stage is a Y-type swinging-knife crushing device. That is to say, the present utility model adopts a crushing idea of first breaking the bale and then crushing, and divides the crushing of Pennisetum giganteum straw into two stages. In the first stage, straight knives are used to break the bale, disassembling the miscellaneous bale from the complete round bale, and disassembling the straw and impurities such as soil wrapped inside the miscellaneous bale to reduce the influence of impurities on crushing. In the second stage, a combined crushing method of Y-type swinging knives and fixed knives is adopted to perform secondary crushing on the too-long straw while throwing the material out of the crushing chamber.

[0017] In the present utility model, the working process of the straw crusher is generally as follows: First, place the miscellaneous bale of Pennisetum giganteum straw on the feeding conveyor belt of the belt-type feeding trough. When it contacts the constant-speed feeding roller, the constant-speed feeding roller will rise along the arc-shaped chute with the assistance of the articulated rotating outer shell frame according to the size of the fed bale. At this time, the constant-speed feeding roller is located above the miscellaneous bale. While the miscellaneous bale is being pressed by the constant-speed feeding roller, the baffle on the constant-speed feeding roller will slowly feed the miscellaneous bale into the bale-breaking device. At this time, under the pressing action of the constant-speed feeding roller with its own weight, the high-speed rotating straight-knife bale-breaking device cannot entrain the remaining part of the miscellaneous bale, so as to avoid excessive feeding amount affecting the crushing effect. At this time, the miscellaneous bale will be uniformly fed under the dual actions of the suppression and conveying of the constant-speed feeding roller according to the feeding speed set by the frequency converter. After the miscellaneous bale enters the bale-breaking device, the high-speed rotating straight knife and the suppression of the constant-speed feeding roller cooperate to achieve supported crushing. At this time, the film miscellaneous bale is cut by the high-speed rotating straight knife, and the residual film peeled off from the bale enters the next-stage crushing device. The combination of the Y-type swinging knife and the fixed knife of the crushing device enables some of the longer straws peeled off to complete secondary crushing under the interaction of the moving and fixed knives. The straws with smaller sizes do not come into contact with the fixed knife under the throwing action of the Y-type swinging knife and are thrown to complete crushing.

[0018] In the present utility model, the designed constant-speed feeding roller mainly has two functions: 1) To even out the material flow, press the material with its own weight, feed the material evenly, prevent the high-speed rotating straight knife from pulling in excessive bundles into the device and causing blockage, and at the same time achieve supported crushing to better improve the crushing quality; 2) To force feeding. There are protruding baffle plates on the constant-speed feeding roller. Under the action of the reducer, a relatively high torque is generated, and then it cooperates with the conveyor belt below to convey at the set feeding speed, achieving forced feeding. It should be noted that during the conveying process, when the miscellaneous bundle material contacts the constant-speed feeding roller, due to the compressibility of the miscellaneous bundle material, the miscellaneous bundle material will be compressed by the constant-speed feeding roller with its own mass, increasing the contact part between the feeding roller and the miscellaneous bundle material. The miscellaneous bundle material is equivalent to a cylinder. At the same time, both axial sides of the constant-speed feeding roller are fixed on the outer shell frame. The outer shell frame of the constant-speed feeding roller is hinged on the outer wall of the machine body or rotatably fixed on the transmission shaft of the straight knife bale-breaking device. When the miscellaneous bundle material enters, the constant-speed feeding roller will rise along the arc-shaped chute according to the size of the miscellaneous bundle material, and drive the outer shell frame of the constant-speed feeding roller to rise with the transmission shaft of the straight knife breaking device as the center, and then drive the motor and the feeding roller chain on the outer shell frame of the constant-speed feeding roller to rise together. At this time, the constant-speed feeding roller, the outer shell frame of the constant-speed feeding roller, the feeding roller motor, and the feeding roller chain can be regarded as relatively stationary. Therefore, the constant-speed feeding roller can adjust its own height according to the size of the miscellaneous bundle material without affecting its own transmission, so as to adapt to miscellaneous bundle materials of different sizes.

[0019] In the present utility model, according to the compressible characteristics of the film miscellaneous bundle material, the film miscellaneous bundle material can only fully enter the cutting and deformation stage after being fully squeezed and deformed. Therefore, the straight knife bale-breaking can be analyzed in two stages: compression and cutting. In the utility model, generally, the cylindrical length of the knife roller of the straight knife bale-breaking device is 600 - 1200 mm, and the diameter is 150 - 300 mm. The size of the straight knife is about 140 mm × 40 mm × 5 mm, and it is fixed on the straight knife seat by bolts. The straight knife seat is welded and installed on the straight knife bale-breaking knife roller. To ensure the crushing quality and reduce the re-cutting rate, for example, 18 knife seats are selected, that is, 18 straight knives. There are three arrangement schemes for the blades on the roller surface: symmetric arrangement, single helix arrangement, and double helix arrangement. The magnitude of the resultant force of gravity and centrifugal force shows a sinusoidal change, and from large to small, they are single helix arrangement, symmetric arrangement, and double helix arrangement in turn; the single helix arrangement makes the axial end of the knife shaft jump most significantly, and the double helix arrangement is the most stable. The magnitudes of the flexible impact forces they receive are single helix arrangement, symmetric arrangement, and double helix arrangement in turn. To sum up, selecting the double helix arrangement can effectively reduce the vibration during the operation of the crushing device.

[0020] In the present utility model, the Y-shaped flail has a relatively small volume and mass, low power consumption, good crushing effect, geometric symmetry in shape, and can well meet the dynamic balance requirements of the machine during operation. Generally, the size of the knife roller of the Y-shaped flail crushing device is similar to or the same as that of the straight knife roller. The handle of the Y-shaped flail is 60 - 100 mm long, 20 - 70 mm wide, 3 - 8 mm thick, the blade is 30 - 80 mm long, and the included angle between the two blades is 40 - 70°. Similarly, consistent with the straight knife bale-breaking device, a double helix is selected as the arrangement method of the Y-shaped flails, and the installation quantity is, for example, also 18. The rotational speed of the crushing knife roller is 800 - 1200 r / min, the feeding speed is 0.001 - 0.01 m / s, and the quantity of the fixed knives is 0.85 times that of the Y-shaped flails. At this time, the crushing qualification rate of Pennisetum giganteum can reach over 93%. Under the optimized parameters, the crushing qualification rate of the miscellaneous bale materials in the verification test can reach 95% and above.

[0021] In the present utility model, through the setting of the mixed alkaline dissociation device, the pretreatment of the decomposed Pennisetum giganteum powder and the compounding material is realized. It can not only break the bondage, but also reduce the crystallinity of the cellulose macromolecule and improve the accessibility of the cellulose degrading enzyme system to the cellulose substrate. After the straw is treated with dilute alkali at high temperature, it is easily decomposed, free of harmful organisms, alkaline. The pretreatment sample has a lower hemicellulose content, lignin content and a higher cellulose crystallinity, which makes the pretreatment sample have stronger fermentation potential; and the treatment cost is low, the speed is fast, and there is no environmental pollution. Combined with other materials, it can be used as a good seedling-raising substrate. It should be noted that the compounding material is a mixture of perlite, carbonized rice husk and vermiculite. Preferably, the volume fractions of perlite, carbonized rice husk and vermiculite are all 18 - 22%; the particle size of perlite is 2 - 3 mm, the particle size of Pennisetum giganteum straw is ≤3 mm, the particle size of vermiculite is 1 - 3 mm, and the carbonized rice husk maintains its original shape and cannot be in powder form. The solution filled in the alkali liquid tank is an aqueous solution of ammonium carbonate and quicklime. Preferably, the volume fraction of ammonium carbonate is 1.2 - 2%, and the mass fraction of quicklime is 0.6 - 1%. The dissociation heating mechanism is generally an electric heating mechanism, mainly heating the system to a temperature of 75 - 125 °C (preferably 100 °C), and the treatment time is 3 - 65 min. That is, through the alkali liquid heating treatment, most of the lignin is separated from the straw, and the cellulose inside is more easily decomposed by the microorganisms in the environment. Both the alkali-treated straw and ammonium carbonate are alkaline, which can change the acidic environment for the reproduction of germs.

[0022] In the present utility model, a freezing device and a dosing modification device are added, that is, first freeze-treat in an environment below 0 °C, and then add a modification agent (such as melamine phosphate) and stir for modification treatment. Through the freezing condition and the modification of melamine phosphate, the specific surface area and total pore volume of the Pennisetum giganteum straw powder can be increased, and the electrochemical performance can be improved.

[0023] In the present utility model, the processed Pennisetum giganteum products are uniformly fermented and aged through a mixed fermentation device (i.e., a mixed fermentation and aging tank), thereby obtaining a nursery substrate with stable quality. During the fermentation and aging process, alkaline substances such as ammonium carbonate and biomass fuel furnace ash from the baking room are added, as well as microbial inoculants such as Trichoderma harzianum and Paenibacillus polymyxa. The previously alkali-treated straw and ammonium carbonate are both alkaline, which can change the acidic environment for the reproduction of pathogens. Trichoderma harzianum is a specific and highly efficient strain that inhibits the growth of the pathogen of bacterial wilt. Paenibacillus polymyxa is a plant growth-promoting bacterium that can effectively inhibit the hatching and infection of root-knot nematode eggs, can give play to the formula advantages of the nursery substrate, reduce the usage of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, can also form a dominant colony in the roots of crops to inhibit the reproduction of pathogens, and has a high viable bacteria count and a long survival time.

[0024] In the present utility model, some specific parameter settings involved in the description of each component in the previous text can be adjusted according to the actual working conditions. The description of these specific parameters is only for the purpose of better elaborating the technical solution of the present utility model by way of example, and should not be considered as a limitation to the technical solution of the present utility model.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present utility model are as follows:

[0026] 1: The system of the present utility model integrates a series of processing treatments such as the crushing, composting fermentation, alkaline dissociation, freezing, modification, activation, pickling, water washing, and mixed fermentation and aging of Pennisetum giganteum into a whole, and has the characteristics of low labor intensity, high continuous productivity, and stable product quality.

[0027] 2: The system of the present utility model also has the characteristics of simple structure, small floor area, few personnel requirements, simple operation, stable operation, low equipment input cost, and strong practicability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present utility model.

[0029] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the straw crusher of the present utility model.

[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bale-breaking knife roller of the present utility model.

[0031] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the crushing knife roller of the present utility model.

[0032] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the constant-speed feeding roller of the present utility model.

[0033] Reference numerals: 1: straw crusher; 101: belt-type feeding trough; 102: bale-breaking knife roll; 1021: bale-breaking roll; 1022: straight knife; 1023: straight knife seat; 103: crushing chamber; 104: crushing knife roll; 1041: crushing roll; 1042: Y-shaped throwing knife; 1043: throwing knife seat; 105: fixed crushing knife; 106: constant-speed feeding roll; 107: arc-shaped chute; 108: outer shell frame; 2: composting and fermenting tank; 3: mixed alkaline dissociation device; 301: dissociation tank; 302: alkali solution tank; 303: thiourea tank; 304: auxiliary material tank; 4: freezing device; 5: dosing and modification device; 501: modification tank; 502: melamine phosphate storage tank; 6: drying and activation device; 601: drying oven; 602: activation furnace; 7: pickling device; 8: water washing and filtering device; 9: mixed fermentation and aging tank; 901: fermentation and aging tank; 902: alkali material tank; 903: microbial inoculant tank. Detailed implementation manners

[0034] The technical solutions of the present invention will be exemplified below. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention includes but is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0035] A system for preparing a seedling-growing substrate using Pennisetum giganteum includes a straw crusher 1, a composting and fermenting tank 2, a mixed alkaline dissociation device 3, a freezing device 4, a dosing and modification device 5, a drying and activation device 6, a pickling device 7, a water washing and filtering device 8, and a mixed fermentation and aging tank 9. The straw crusher 1, the composting and fermenting tank 2, the mixed alkaline dissociation tank 3, the freezing device 4, the drying device 5, the activation device 6, the pickling device 7, the water washing and filtering device 8, and the mixed fermentation and aging tank 9 are arranged in series in sequence.

[0036] Preferably, the straw crusher 1 includes a belt-type feeding trough 101, a bale-breaking knife roll 102, a crushing chamber 103, and a crushing knife roll 104. The discharge end of the belt-type feeding trough 101 is connected to the feed end of the crushing chamber 103. The bale-breaking knife roll 102 is arranged in the crushing chamber 103 and above its feed port. The crushing knife roll 104 is arranged in the crushing chamber 103 and downstream of the bale-breaking knife roll 102. Preferably, the belt-type feeding trough 101, the bale-breaking knife roll 102, and the crushing knife roll 104 are respectively independently connected to an external drive motor.

[0037] Preferably, the bale-breaking knife roll 102 includes a bale-breaking roll 1021 and a straight knife 1022. A plurality of straight knives 1022 are vertically installed on the roll surface of the bale-breaking roll 1021 through a plurality of straight knife seats 1023. Preferably, the plurality of straight knives 1022 are symmetrically distributed on the roll surface of the bale-breaking roll 1021 along the axial direction or are distributed in a single helix and / or double helix manner.

[0038] Preferably, the crushing cutter roll 104 includes a crushing roll 1041 and Y-shaped throwing knives 1042. A plurality of Y-shaped throwing knives 1042 are vertically installed on the roll surface of the crushing roll 1041 through a plurality of knife holders 1043. Preferably, the plurality of Y-shaped throwing knives 1042 are symmetrically distributed on the roll surface of the crushing roll 1041 along the axial direction or are distributed in a single helix and / or double helix manner.

[0039] Preferably, a fixed crushing knife 105 is correspondingly arranged on the inner wall of the crushing chamber 103 corresponding to the crushing cutter roll 104.

[0040] Preferably, the straw crusher 1 includes a constant-speed feeding roll 106. A pair of arc-shaped chutes 107 are opened on the two side walls at the discharging end of the belt-type feeding trough 101, and both ends of the constant-speed feeding roll 106 are installed in the arc-shaped chutes 107. An outer shell frame 108 is also hinged on the outer wall of the crushing chamber 103, and the other end of the outer shell frame 108 is connected to the shaft end of the constant-speed feeding roll 106. A feeding roll driving motor is arranged on the top of the outer shell frame 108. Preferably, a plurality of baffles with the same or different raised heights are also arranged on the surface of the constant-speed feeding roll 106.

[0041] Preferably, the mixed alkaline dissociation device 3 includes a dissociation tank 301, an alkali solution tank 302, a thiourea tank 303 and an auxiliary material tank 304. The feeding port of the dissociation tank 301 is connected to the discharging port of the composting fermentation tank 2, and the discharging port of the dissociation tank 301 is connected to the feeding port of the freezing device 4. The alkali solution tank 302, the thiourea tank 303 and the auxiliary material tank 304 are all arranged beside the dissociation tank 301, and their discharging ports are all connected to the feeding port of the dissociation tank 301. Preferably, a dissociation heating mechanism and a dissociation stirring mechanism are also arranged in the dissociation tank 301.

[0042] Preferably, the dosing and modification device 5 includes a modification tank 501 and a melamine phosphate storage tank 502. The feeding port of the modification tank 501 is connected to the discharging port of the freezing device 4, and the discharging port of the modification tank 501 is connected to the feeding port of the drying and activation device 6. The melamine phosphate storage tank 502 is arranged beside the modification tank 501, and its discharging port is connected to the dosing port of the modification tank 501. Preferably, a modification stirring mechanism is also arranged in the modification tank 501.

[0043] Preferably, the drying and activation device 6 includes a drying box 601 and an activation furnace 602. The drying box 601 and the activation furnace 602 are arranged in series. The feeding port of the drying box 601 is connected to the discharging port of the dosing and modification device 5, and the discharging port of the activation furnace 602 is connected to the feeding port of the pickling device 7. A nitrogen inlet pipe 603 is also connected to the activation furnace 602.

[0044] Preferably, the mixed fermentation and aging tank 9 includes a fermentation and aging tank 901, an alkali material tank 902, and a microbial inoculant tank 903. The alkali material tank 902 and the microbial inoculant tank 903 are both arranged beside the fermentation and aging tank 901, and the discharge ports of both are connected to the feeding port of the fermentation and aging tank 901. Preferably, a material turning mechanism is further arranged in the fermentation and aging tank 901.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] As Figures 1-5 shown, a system for preparing a seedling-raising substrate using Pennisetum giganteum includes a straw crusher 1, a composting fermentation tank 2, a mixed alkaline dissociation device 3, a freezing device 4, a dosing and modification device 5, a drying and activation device 6, a pickling device 7, a water washing and filtering device 8, and a mixed fermentation and aging tank 9. The straw crusher 1, the composting fermentation tank 2, the mixed alkaline dissociation tank 3, the freezing device 4, the drying device 5, the activation device 6, the pickling device 7, the water washing and filtering device 8, and the mixed fermentation and aging tank 9 are arranged in series in sequence.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] Repeat Example 1, except that the straw crusher 1 includes a belt-type feeding trough 101, a bale-breaking knife roll 102, a crushing chamber 103, and a crushing knife roll 104. The discharge end of the belt-type feeding trough 101 is connected to the feeding end of the crushing chamber 103. The bale-breaking knife roll 102 is arranged in the crushing chamber 103 and above its feeding port. The crushing knife roll 104 is arranged in the crushing chamber 103 and downstream of the bale-breaking knife roll 102.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] Repeat Example 2, except that the belt-type feeding trough 101, the bale-breaking knife roll 102, and the crushing knife roll 104 are respectively connected to an external drive motor independently.

[0051] Example 4

[0052] Repeat Example 3, except that the bale-breaking knife roll 102 includes a bale-breaking roll 1021 and straight knives 1022. A plurality of straight knives 1022 are vertically installed on the roll surface of the bale-breaking roll 1021 through a plurality of straight knife seats 1023.

[0053] Example 5

[0054] Repeat Example 4, except that the plurality of straight knives 1022 are distributed in a double helix manner along the axial direction on the roll surface of the bale-breaking roll 1021.

[0055] Example 6

[0056] Repeat Example 5, except that the crushing knife roll 104 includes a crushing roll 1041 and Y-shaped throwing knives 1042. A plurality of Y-shaped throwing knives 1042 are vertically installed on the roll surface of the crushing roll 1041 through a plurality of knife seats 1043.

[0057] Example 7

[0058] Repeat Example 6, except that a plurality of Y-shaped throwing knives 1042 are distributed in a double helix pattern along the axial direction on the roll surface of the crushing roll 1041.

[0059] Example 8

[0060] Repeat Example 7, except that a fixed crushing knife 105 is also correspondingly provided on the inner wall of the crushing chamber 103 corresponding to the crushing knife roll 104.

[0061] Example 9

[0062] Repeat Example 8, except that the straw crusher 1 includes a uniform feeding roll 106. A pair of arc-shaped chutes 107 are opened on the two side walls at the discharge end of the belt-type feeding trough 101, and the two ends of the uniform feeding roll 106 are installed in the arc-shaped chutes 107. An outer shell frame 108 is also hinged on the outer wall of the crushing chamber 103, and the other end of the outer shell frame 108 is connected to the shaft end of the uniform feeding roll 106. A feeding roll drive motor is provided at the top of the outer shell frame 108.

[0063] Example 10

[0064] Repeat Example 9, except that a plurality of baffles with the same or different raised heights are also provided on the surface of the uniform feeding roll 106.

[0065] Example 11

[0066] Repeat Example 10, except that the mixed alkaline dissociation device 3 includes a dissociation tank 301, an alkali solution tank 302, a thiourea tank 303, and an auxiliary material tank 304. The feed inlet of the dissociation tank 301 is connected to the discharge outlet of the composting fermentation tank 2, and the discharge outlet of the dissociation tank 301 is connected to the feed inlet of the freezing device 4. The alkali solution tank 302, the thiourea tank 303, and the auxiliary material tank 304 are all arranged beside the dissociation tank 301, and their discharge outlets are all connected to the feeding port of the dissociation tank 301.

[0067] Example 12

[0068] Repeat Example 11, except that a dissociation heating mechanism and a dissociation stirring mechanism are also provided in the dissociation tank 301.

[0069] Example 13

[0070] Repeat Example 12, except that the dosing and modification device 5 includes a modification tank 501 and a melamine phosphate storage tank 502. The feed port of the modification tank 501 is connected to the discharge port of the freezing device 4, and the discharge port of the modification tank 501 is connected to the feed port of the drying and activation device 6. The melamine phosphate storage tank 502 is arranged beside the modification tank 501, and its discharge port is connected to the dosing port of the modification tank 501.

[0071] Example 14

[0072] Repeat Example 13, except that a modification stirring mechanism is further arranged in the modification tank 501.

[0073] Example 15

[0074] Repeat Example 14, except that the drying and activation device 6 includes a drying oven 601 and an activation furnace 602. The drying oven 601 and the activation furnace 602 are arranged in series. The feed port of the drying oven 601 is connected to the discharge port of the dosing and modification device 5, and the discharge port of the activation furnace 602 is connected to the feed port of the pickling device 7. A nitrogen inlet pipe 603 is further connected to the activation furnace 602.

[0075] Example 16

[0076] Repeat Example 15, except that the mixed fermentation and aging tank 9 includes a fermentation and aging tank 901, an alkali material tank 902, and a microbial inoculant tank 903. The alkali material tank 902 and the microbial inoculant tank 903 are both arranged beside the fermentation and aging tank 901, and their discharge ports are both connected to the feeding port of the fermentation and aging tank 901.

[0077] Example 17

[0078] Repeat Example 16, except that a material turning mechanism is further arranged in the fermentation and aging tank 901.

Claims

1. A system for preparing a seedling-raising substrate using Pennisetum giganteum, characterized in that: The system includes a straw crusher (1), a composting fermentation tank (2), a mixed alkaline dissociation device (3), a freezing device (4), a dosing and modification device (5), a drying and activation device (6), an acid pickling device (7), a water washing and filtering device (8), and a mixed fermentation and aging tank (9); the straw crusher (1), the composting fermentation tank (2), the mixed alkaline dissociation device (3), the freezing device (4), the dosing and modification device (5), the drying and activation device (6), the acid pickling device (7), the water washing and filtering device (8), and the mixed fermentation and aging tank (9) are arranged in series in sequence.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The straw crusher (1) includes a belt type feeding trough (101), a bale breaking knife roller (102), a crushing chamber (103), and a crushing knife roller (104); the discharging end of the belt type feeding trough (101) is connected to the feeding end of the crushing chamber (103); the bale breaking knife roller (102) is arranged in the crushing chamber (103) and is located above the feeding port thereof; the crushing knife roller (104) is arranged in the crushing chamber (103) and is located downstream of the bale breaking knife roller (102); the belt type feeding trough (101), the bale breaking knife roller (102), and the crushing knife roller (104) are respectively and independently connected with an external drive motor.

3. The system according to claim 2, wherein: The bale breaking knife roller (102) includes a bale breaking roller (1021) and straight knives (1022); on the roller surface of the bale breaking roller (1021), multiple straight knives (1022) are vertically installed through a plurality of straight knife seats (1023); the multiple straight knives (1022) are symmetrically distributed on the roller surface of the bale breaking roller (1021) along the axial direction or are distributed in a single helix and / or double helix manner.

4. The system according to claim 2, wherein: The crushing knife roller (104) includes a crushing roller (1041) and Y-shaped throwing knives (1042); on the roller surface of the crushing roller (1041), multiple Y-shaped throwing knives (1042) are vertically installed through a plurality of throwing knife seats (1043); the multiple Y-shaped throwing knives (1042) are symmetrically distributed on the roller surface of the crushing roller (1041) along the axial direction or are distributed in a single helix and / or double helix manner.

5. The system according to claim 4, wherein: On the inner wall of the crushing chamber (103) corresponding to the crushing knife roller (104), a fixed crushing knife (105) is also correspondingly arranged.

6. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The straw crusher (1) includes a constant speed feeding roller (106), and on both side walls of the discharging end of the belt type feeding trough (101), a pair of arc-shaped sliding grooves (107) are opened; both ends of the constant speed feeding roller (106) are installed in the arc-shaped sliding grooves (107); on the outer wall of the crushing chamber (103), a housing frame (108) is also hinged, and the other end of the housing frame (108) is connected to the shaft end of the constant speed feeding roller (106), and a feeding roller drive motor is arranged on the top of the housing frame (108); on the surface of the constant speed feeding roller (106), a plurality of baffles with the same or different protruding heights are also arranged.

7. The system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The described mixed alkaline dissociation device (3) includes a dissociation tank (301), an alkali solution tank (302), a thiourea tank (303), and an auxiliary material tank (304); the feed port of the dissociation tank (301) is connected to the discharge port of the compost fermentation tank (2), and the discharge port of the dissociation tank (301) is connected to the feed port of the freezing device (4); the alkali solution tank (302), the thiourea tank (303), and the auxiliary material tank (304) are all arranged beside the dissociation tank (301), and their discharge ports are all connected to the feeding port of the dissociation tank (301); a dissociation heating mechanism and a dissociation stirring mechanism are also arranged in the dissociation tank (301).

8. The system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The described dosing modification device (5) includes a modification tank (501) and a melamine phosphate storage tank (502); the feed port of the modification tank (501) is connected to the discharge port of the freezing device (4), and the discharge port of the modification tank (501) is connected to the feed port of the drying and activation device (6); the melamine phosphate storage tank (502) is arranged beside the modification tank (501), and its discharge port is connected to the dosing port of the modification tank (501); a modification stirring mechanism is also arranged in the modification tank (501).

9. The system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The described drying and activation device (6) includes a drying oven (601) and an activation furnace (602); the drying oven (601) and the activation furnace (602) are arranged in series, the feed port of the drying oven (601) is connected to the discharge port of the dosing modification device (5), and the discharge port of the activation furnace (602) is connected to the feed port of the pickling device (7); a nitrogen inlet pipe (603) is also connected to the activation furnace (602).

10. The system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The described mixed fermentation and aging tank (9) includes a fermentation and aging tank (901), an alkali material tank (902), and a microbial inoculum tank (903); the alkali material tank (902) and the microbial inoculum tank (903) are both arranged beside the fermentation and aging tank (901), and their discharge ports are both connected to the feeding port of the fermentation and aging tank (901); a material turning mechanism is also arranged in the fermentation and aging tank (901).

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