Straw carbonization equipment

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of carbonization furnaces, in particular to straw carbonization equipment which comprises a feeding system and a carbonization furnace, the feeding system comprises a stock bin and a feeding conveying belt, a carbonization chamber, a hearth, a reciprocating grate and a feeding auger are arranged in the carbonization furnace, an air distribution port and an air distribution port opening degree controller matched with the air distribution port are arranged below the reciprocating grate, and the feeding auger is arranged below the reciprocating grate. The feeding end of the feeding auger receives straw from the feeding conveying belt and conveys the straw to the reciprocating grate, the feeding auger comprises a barrel and a conveying screw rotationally connected to the interior of the barrel, the conveying screw is provided with a large-diameter section and a small-diameter section which are different in outer diameter, and an ignition opening capable of being opened and closed is formed in the carbonization chamber. According to the utility model, a raw material self-sealing oxygen barrier is formed in the feeding auger, an anoxic state in the carbonization furnace is realized, the problem that the oxygen content in the carbonization chamber is not easy to control is solved, straw raw materials are used as fuel for self-pyrolysis carbonization through manual ignition, and self-pyrolysis carbonization of straws can be realized without additional external heat supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of carbonization furnaces, in particular to a straw carbonization device. Background Art

[0002] Straw, as the remaining product after the harvest of wheat, rice, corn and other crops, is a renewable biomass resource rich in organic matter, cellulose, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbon, hydrogen and other elements.

[0003] At present, straw is mainly reused in three ways: returning to the field, as livestock feed and as living energy. However, these methods are often limited by technical maturity, economic cost and unsatisfactory results in actual operation. They cannot be effectively transformed into actual productivity and it is difficult to comprehensively solve the problem of excess straw. In this context, straw carbonization technology, as an innovative application in the agricultural field, was listed as one of the top ten key technologies in agriculture in 2020, showing its great potential and prospects. This technology pyrolyzes straw at high temperature in an anaerobic or low-oxygen environment to fully release its internal volatile matter, and finally generates biochar rich in carbon elements and plant nutrients. This biochar can not only be directly converted into biochar-based fertilizer, promote the recycling of agricultural waste, improve soil fertility and crop yields, and reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers, but also be used as a soil conditioner to optimize soil structure and promote the sustainable development of agricultural production. More importantly, the straw carbonization process effectively reduces direct greenhouse gas emissions.

[0004] However, during the operation of most current carbonization equipment, it is difficult for the feeding system to provide a closed condition for the carbonization furnace. The air intake on one side of the feeding system makes it difficult to control the oxygen content in the carbonization chamber, and the carbonization equipment requires external heat for heating. Therefore, this application proposes a straw carbonization equipment. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a straw carbonization equipment, in which the raw materials form a self-enclosed oxygen-isolating barrier in the feeding auger, thereby achieving an oxygen-deficient state in the carbonization furnace, solving the problem that the oxygen content in the carbonization chamber is difficult to control, and utilizing the straw raw materials as fuel for self-thermal carbonization through artificial ignition, without the need for additional external heating.

[0006] The straw carbonization equipment in this solution includes a feeding system and a carbonization furnace. The feeding system includes a silo and a feeding conveyor belt for transporting the straw in the silo to the carbonization furnace. A carbonization chamber and a hearth located below it are provided in the carbonization furnace. A reciprocating grate is installed in the carbonization chamber, and an air distribution opening and an air distribution opening opening controller adapted thereto are provided below the reciprocating grate to control the amount of oxygen entering the carbonization chamber from the hearth. A feeding auger is also provided in the carbonization furnace. The feeding end of the feeding auger receives the straw from the feeding conveyor belt and transports it onto the reciprocating grate. The feeding auger includes a cylinder body and a feeding screw rotatably connected in the cylinder body. The feeding screw has a large-diameter section and a small-diameter section with unequal outer diameters. An igniting opening that can be opened and closed is provided on the carbonization chamber.

[0007] The further limited technical solution of the present utility model is:

[0008] Further, in the feeding screw, the outer diameter of the large-diameter section is adapted to the inner diameter of the cylinder body, and the outer diameter of the small-diameter section is half of that of the large-diameter section.

[0009] Further, the small-diameter section is located at the outlet end of the feeding auger, and the outer diameter gradually decreases, so that the raw materials become denser during the feeding process, realizing an anoxic state in the carbonization furnace.

[0010] Further, an induced draft fan for introducing oxygen is also provided in the hearth.

[0011] Further, a discharging system is also included. The discharging system includes a discharging auger and a discharging auger motor connected thereto. The feeding end of the discharging auger is located at the tail end of the reciprocating grate in the carbonization chamber.

[0012] Further, the discharging system also includes a discharging conveyor belt located at the discharging end of the discharging auger, and the other end of the discharging conveyor belt is connected to a carbon collecting box.

[0013] Further, a temperature monitor and an oxygen content monitor are also provided in the carbonization chamber.

[0014] Further, the feeding system also includes a feeding hopper connected above the silo. A shredder and a shredder motor connected thereto are installed in the feeding hopper, and a silo opening controller is provided at the bottom of the silo.

[0015] Further, an observation port and a maintenance port are provided on the side wall of the carbonization chamber.

[0016] Further, an exhaust gas discharge port is provided above the carbonization chamber, and an ash discharge port is provided on the side wall of the hearth.

[0017] Further, the straw carbonization equipment also includes a control system, which mainly consists of a control panel and an electric control box. The electric control box is respectively connected to the control components of the feeding system, the carbonization furnace, and the discharging system, and the parameters of each component are regulated through the control panel; the shredder motor, the silo opening controller, and the feeding auger motor are controlled through the control panel to adjust the feeding speed of the straw; the air inlet volume in the carbonization chamber is adjusted by controlling the induced draft fan and the air distribution opening controller through the control panel, so as to regulate the oxygen content in the carbonization chamber, and the oxygen content data in the carbonization chamber is monitored and fed back to the control panel in real time through the oxygen content monitor in the carbonization chamber; the running speed of the grate is adjusted by controlling the frequency of the reducer through the control panel, so as to control the carbonization residence time of the straw in the carbonization chamber; the temperature data in the carbonization chamber is monitored and fed back to the control panel in real time through the temperature monitor in the carbonization chamber; the discharging speed of the biochar is adjusted by controlling the discharging auger motor through the control panel; the formed intelligent control system realizes the full-automatic and intelligent operation of the straw carbonization equipment, can accurately regulate important factors such as air volume, oxygen content, residence time, and temperature that affect the straw carbonization effect, can obtain the optimal carbonization conditions according to different straw raw materials, achieve the best carbonization effect, and improve the quality of biochar.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows:

[0019] (1) The straw carbonization equipment provided by the present utility model realizes the oxygen-deficient state in the carbonization furnace through the special design of the large and small diameters of the feeding screw in the feeding auger in cooperation with the feeding system, and sets up a two-stage feeding system. The raw materials form a self-sealing oxygen barrier in the feeding auger, and the oxygen intake can be controlled through the air distribution opening controller in the carbonization chamber, solving the problem that the oxygen content in the carbonization chamber is not easy to control. By manually igniting and using the straw raw materials as the fuel for self-thermal decomposition carbonization, the self-thermal decomposition carbonization of the straw can be realized without additional external heating, with low operation energy consumption, low cost, and simple operation.

[0020] (2) By adding a temperature monitor and an oxygen content monitor and cooperating with the control system, the present utility model can respectively regulate the parameters of each component of the feeding system, the carbonization furnace, and the discharging system, realize the control of the oxygen content, temperature, residence time of the straw raw materials, and discharging rate in the carbonization chamber, can accurately regulate important factors such as air volume, oxygen content, residence time, and temperature that affect the straw carbonization effect, can obtain the optimal carbonization conditions according to different straw raw materials, achieve the best carbonization effect, and improve the quality of biochar. Description of the Drawings

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the straw carbonization equipment in the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the feeding auger in the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the discharging system in the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the straw carbonization equipment with a control system in the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the control panel of the straw carbonization equipment in the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0026] Wherein: 1, feed hopper; 2, shredder; 3, shredder motor; 4, storage bin; 5, storage bin opening controller; 6, feeding conveyor belt; 7, feeding auger; 71, large-diameter section; 72, small-diameter section; 8, feeding auger motor; 9, carbonization furnace; 10, carbonization chamber; 11, reciprocating grate; 12, furnace chamber; 13, induced draft fan; 14, reducer; 15, ignition port; 16, observation port; 17, maintenance port; 18, air distribution port; 19, ash discharge port; 20, waste gas discharge port; 21, air distribution port opening controller; 22, oxygen content monitor; 23, temperature monitor; 24, blast pipe; 25, discharging auger; 26, discharging auger motor; 27, discharging conveyor belt; 28, carbon collection box. Specific embodiments

[0027] As Figure 1 shown, the straw carbonization equipment provided in this embodiment mainly consists of a feeding system, a carbonization furnace 9, and a discharging system. The feeding system includes a feed hopper 1, a shredder 2, a shredder motor 3, a storage bin 4, a storage bin opening controller 5, a feeding conveyor belt 6, a feeding auger 7, and a feeding auger motor 8; the feeding system is arranged on the side of the carbonization furnace 9 and is connected to the carbonization furnace 9 by welding. The carbonization furnace 9 specifically includes a carbonization chamber 10, a reciprocating grate 11, a furnace chamber 12, an induced draft fan 13, a reducer 14, an ignition port 15, an observation port 16, a maintenance port 17, an air distribution port 18, an ash discharge port 19, and a waste gas discharge port 20; a reciprocating grate 11 is arranged in the middle and lower part of the furnace body of the carbonization furnace 9, the carbonization chamber 10 is above the reciprocating grate 11, and the furnace chamber 12 is below; a waste gas discharge port 20 is arranged at the top of the tail of the furnace body. A plurality of independent air distribution ports 18 are arranged at the bottom of the reciprocating grate 11. In this embodiment, four are taken as an example, and each air distribution port 18 is provided with an independent air distribution port opening controller 21, and the opening controller can be connected to the control system to control the oxygen content in the carbonization furnace 9 by separately adjusting the opening of each air distribution port 18.

[0028] It should be noted that, referring to Figure 2, in this embodiment, the feeding auger 7 includes a cylinder body and a feeding screw rotatably connected inside the cylinder body. The feeding screw has a large-diameter section 71 and a small-diameter section 72 with unequal outer diameters. The outer diameter of the large-diameter section 71 is adapted to the inner diameter of the cylinder body, and the outer diameter of the small-diameter section 72 is half of that of the large-diameter section 71. When transporting straw, the conveying capacity of the small-diameter section 72 is less than that of the large-diameter section 71. Therefore, some straw will accumulate in the cylinder body to achieve a self-sealing effect. In some other embodiments, the positions of the large-diameter section 71 and the small-diameter section 72 can be adjusted as needed. At the same time, the outer diameter of the small-diameter section 72 can also change gradually, as long as the straw in this area forms a piled-up state during the transportation of the small-diameter section 72.

[0029] In this embodiment, an ignition port 15, an observation port 16, and a maintenance port 17 are arranged in sequence on one side of the carbonization chamber 10. The ignition port 15 is close to the feeding auger 7 and is used for manual ignition. An oxygen content monitor 22 and a temperature monitor 23 are arranged inside the carbonization chamber 10 to monitor the oxygen content and carbonization temperature inside the carbonization chamber 10. A speed reducer 14 and an induced draft fan 13 are arranged on one side of the furnace chamber 12. The speed reducer 14 is used to control the running speed of the reciprocating grate 11. The induced draft fan 13 and the air supply duct 24 are used to introduce air into the furnace chamber 12 through cooperation with the air distribution port 18. A plurality of ash discharge ports 19 are arranged at the bottom of the furnace chamber 12. In this embodiment, four are taken as an example to discharge the carbonized ash. As Figure 3 shown, the discharging system is provided with a discharging auger 25, a discharging conveyor belt 27, and a carbon collecting box 28. The discharging system is arranged on the side of the tail of the carbonization furnace 9 and is connected to the carbonization furnace 9 by welding. The carbonized straw biochar is transported to the carbon collecting box 28 through the discharging system for collection.

[0030] It should be noted that for the feeding auger 7 and the discharging auger 25 described in this application, feeding ports (not shown in the figure) are opened on the feeding sides of both. For example, the upper feeding port of the feeding auger 7 can be opened below the discharging end of the feeding conveyor belt 6, and the upper feeding port of the discharging auger 25 can be opened at the end position of the reciprocating grate 11. The specific opening size or position can be adjusted according to requirements and will not be elaborated here.

[0031] The treatment process of straw in the carbonization equipment: The straw enters through the feeding hopper 1, is pulverized by the shredder 2, and then enters the silo 4. The silo opening controller 5 is opened, and the straw is transported by the feeding conveyor belt 6 to the inlet end of the feeding auger 7 and then to the reciprocating grate 11. At this time, the straw in the small-diameter section 72 of the feeding auger 7 accumulates to form a self-sealing state. Then, it is manually ignited through the ignition port 15, so that the straw completes the self-thermal decomposition carbonization process in the carbonization chamber 10. After carbonization, the straw biochar is transported to the carbon collecting box 28 through the discharging system, and the carbon ash enters the furnace chamber 12 through the air distribution port 18 and is discharged through the ash discharge port 19.

[0032] In an alternative embodiment, as Figure 4 andFigure 5 As shown in the figure, the straw carbonization equipment also includes a control system, which mainly consists of a control panel and an electric control box. The electric control box is respectively connected to the control components of the feeding system, the carbonization furnace 9, and the discharging system, and the parameters of each component are adjusted through the control panel. The feeding system is provided with a shredder motor 3, a silo opening controller 5, and a feeding auger motor 8, which are connected to the electric control box; by adjusting the frequencies of the shredder motor 3 and the feeding auger motor 8 and the opening of the silo 4, the feeding rate of the straw raw material is controlled. The carbonization furnace 9 includes a reducer 14, an induced draft fan 13, an air distribution opening controller 21, an oxygen content monitor 22, and a temperature monitor 23, which are connected to the electric control box; by adjusting the frequency of the reducer 14, the running rate of the reciprocating grate 11 is controlled, so as to control the carbonization residence time of the straw raw material; by adjusting the frequency of the induced draft fan 13 and the opening of the air distribution opening controller 21, the induced air volume in the carbonization chamber 10 is controlled, so as to control the oxygen content and temperature in the carbonization chamber 10; the real-time oxygen content and temperature in the carbonization chamber 10 are fed back to the control panel for display through the oxygen content monitor 22 and the temperature monitor 23. The oxygen content monitor 22 and the temperature monitor 23 are arranged in the middle of the carbonization chamber 10, and the temperature monitor 23 measures the temperature in three sections; by coordinating the control of the residence time of the straw raw material, the oxygen content and temperature in the carbonization chamber 10, the carbonization effect of the straw is regulated. The discharging system is provided with a discharging auger motor 26, which is connected to the electric control box; by adjusting the frequency of the discharging auger motor 26, the discharging rate of the straw biochar is controlled to realize the intelligentization of the straw carbonization equipment.

[0033] In view of the foregoing embodiments, the specific carbonization steps of the intelligent straw carbonization equipment with a control system are as follows:

[0034] S1. Turn on the total power supply of the carbonization equipment, set the parameters of the "shredder motor" on the control panel, start the shredder 2 and control the running rate of the shredder 2; pour the collected untreated corn straw into the feed hopper 1 through the elevator, and the corn straw is crushed into materials with a size of 3-5 cm by the shredder 2; the crushed corn straw enters the silo 4 for temporary storage;

[0035] S2. After a certain amount of corn straw is stored in the silo 4, set the parameters of the "induced draft fan" on the control panel, and set the "opening of No. 1 air distribution opening", "opening of No. 2 air distribution opening", "opening of No. 3 air distribution opening", and "opening of No. 4 air distribution opening" to 100%, and introduce a large amount of air into the carbonization furnace 9; set the parameters of the "reducer" on the control panel, start the reciprocating grate 11 and control the running rate of the reciprocating grate 11;

[0036] S3. Set the parameters of the "silo opening" and "feeding auger motor" on the control panel, and send the corn straw in the silo 4 to the reciprocating grate 11 in the carbonization furnace 9 through the feeding conveyor belt 6 and the feeding auger 7;

[0037] S4. Observe the material situation at the ignition port 15. When a certain amount of corn straw is fed, click "Stop Feeding" on the control panel and reduce the parameters of the "speed reducer". Ignite the corn straw by manual ignition. After the corn straw is ignited, reset the parameters of "shredder motor", "hopper opening", and "feeding auger motor" on the control panel to control the feeding speed of the corn straw, so that the corn straw is fed stably and continuously.

[0038] S5. Set the parameters of "speed reducer", "opening of No. 1 air distribution port", "opening of No. 2 air distribution port", "opening of No. 3 air distribution port", and "opening of No. 4 air distribution port" on the control panel. Adjust the carbonization residence time of the corn straw by controlling the running speed of the reciprocating grate 11. Control the "oxygen content" on the control panel below 5%, and control the "No. 1 temperature", "No. 2 temperature", and "No. 3 temperature" at 600 - 800 °C to make the corn straw carbonize stably and continuously.

[0039] S6. Set the parameters of "discharge auger motor" on the control panel, start the discharge auger 25 and control the discharge speed. The corn straw is carbonized to produce biochar, and the biochar enters the discharge auger 25 from the end of the reciprocating grate 11 and is sent to the carbon collection box 28 for temporary storage through the discharge auger 25 and the discharge conveyor belt 27.

[0040] S7. Observe the carbonization morphology of the corn straw in the carbonization furnace 9, the reaction in the carbonization chamber, and the biochar discharging situation through the observation port 16. Set the parameters of the feeding system, carbonization furnace 9, and discharging system on the control panel, and timely adjust the feeding and discharging speed of the corn straw, the running speed of the reciprocating grate 11, the oxygen content and temperature in the carbonization furnace 9 to control the carbonization effect of the corn straw.

[0041] S8. When there is no need to feed anymore, click "Stop Feeding" on the control panel. Observe the carbonization process of the corn straw in the carbonization furnace 9 through the observation port 16. If there is basically no material on the reciprocating grate 11 and there is no biochar discharged from the discharge auger 25 for some time, set the parameters of "induced draft fan", "speed reducer", "opening of No. 1 air distribution port", "opening of No. 2 air distribution port", "opening of No. 3 air distribution port", and "opening of No. 4 air distribution port" on the control panel to 0, and click "Stop Discharging" on the control panel to turn off the carbonization equipment.

[0042] S9. The ash produced during the carbonization process of the equipment can be cleaned through the ash discharge port 19 at the bottom of the furnace chamber 12. If there are problems during the operation of the equipment, manual maintenance can be carried out through the maintenance port 17 after the equipment cools down to room temperature.

[0043] The straw carbonization equipment provided by this application sets up a two-stage feeding system to achieve an oxygen-deficient state in the carbonization furnace. Using straw raw materials as fuel for self-thermal decomposition carbonization, it is equipped with an intelligent control system, which can accurately regulate important factors affecting the straw carbonization effect, such as air volume, oxygen content, residence time, and temperature, to obtain the optimal carbonization conditions, realizing refined, intelligent, and automated control of the carbonization effect. This equipment has low operating energy consumption, low cost, and simple operation, and has good market application prospects.

[0044] In addition to the above-mentioned embodiments, the present utility model may also have other implementation manners; all technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope required by the present utility model.

Claims

1. A straw carbonization device, comprising a feeding system and a carbonization furnace (9), wherein the feeding system includes a silo (4) and a feeding conveyor belt (6) for conveying the straw in the silo (4) to the carbonization furnace (9), characterized in that, A carbonization furnace (9) is provided with a carbonization chamber (10) and a hearth (12) located below it. A reciprocating grate (11) is installed in the carbonization chamber (10), and a tuyere opening (18) and a tuyere opening opening degree controller (21) adapted thereto are provided below the reciprocating grate (11) to control the amount of oxygen entering the carbonization chamber (10) from the hearth (12). A feeding auger (7) is further provided in the carbonization furnace (9). The feeding end of the feeding auger (7) receives straw from the feeding conveyor belt (6) and conveys it onto the reciprocating grate (11). The feeding auger (7) includes a cylinder body and a feeding screw rotatably connected in the cylinder body. The feeding screw has a large-diameter section (71) and a small-diameter section (72) with unequal outer diameters. An igniting opening (15) that can be opened and closed is provided on the carbonization chamber (10).

2. The straw carbonization equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the feeding screw, the outer diameter of the large-diameter section (71) is adapted to the inner diameter of the cylinder body, and the outer diameter of the small-diameter section (72) is half of that of the large-diameter section (71).

3. The straw carbonization equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that The small-diameter section (72) is located at the discharging end of the feeding auger (7), and the outer diameter gradually decreases.

4. The straw carbonization equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hearth (12) is further provided with a blower (13) for introducing oxygen.

5. The straw carbonization equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a discharging system, which includes a discharging auger (25) and a discharging auger motor (26) connected thereto. The feeding end of the discharging auger (25) is located at the tail end of the reciprocating grate (11) in the carbonization chamber (10).

6. The straw carbonization equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The discharging system further includes a discharging conveyor belt (27) located at the discharging end of the discharging auger (25), and the other end of the discharging conveyor belt (27) is connected to a carbon collecting box (28).

7. The straw carbonization equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that It further includes a temperature monitor (23) and an oxygen content monitor (22) provided in the carbonization chamber (10).

8. The straw carbonization equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding system further includes a feeding hopper (1) connected above a silo (4). A shredder (2) and a shredder motor (3) connected thereto are installed in the feeding hopper (1). A silo opening degree controller (5) is provided at the bottom of the silo (4).

9. The straw carbonization equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, Observation openings (16) and maintenance openings (17) are provided on the side wall of the carbonization chamber (10).

10. The straw carbonization equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, An exhaust gas outlet (20) is provided above the carbonization chamber (10), and an ash discharge opening (19) is provided on the side wall of the hearth (12).

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