Solar cell, cell assembly and photovoltaic system

Abstract

The utility model is suitable for the technical field of solar cells, and provides a solar cell, a cell assembly and a photovoltaic system. The solar cell comprises a silicon substrate, a doping layer, a passivation layer and a plurality of main grids, the doping layer and the passivation layer are sequentially stacked on the silicon substrate; the plurality of main grids are arranged on the passivation layer, a first opening is formed in the passivation layer, and the main grids or PAD points on the main grids are connected with the doping layer through the first opening. According to the solar cell provided by the embodiment of the utility model, the first opening is formed in the passivation layer of the solar cell, and the main grid can be connected with the doping layer through the first opening so as to establish ohmic contact between the main grid and the doping layer, so that current in the doping layer can be conducted to the main grid more directly; and the current path and the resistance in the middle are reduced, so that the current collection efficiency of the solar cell is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, and in particular to a solar cell, a battery module and a photovoltaic system. Background Art

[0002] A solar cell is a device that converts sunlight into electrical energy using the photovoltaic effect. It is mainly made of photovoltaic materials (such as silicon), and electrons are excited by absorbing photons to form an electric current. The battery includes a front electrode, a photovoltaic layer and a back electrode, and can generate electricity under sunlight irradiation, and is widely used in power generation systems and various electronic devices.

[0003] In the prior art, the main grid and the fine grid of a solar cell can be prepared by electroplating. Usually, an ohmic contact is established between the fine grid and the doping layer, and then the current is conducted from the fine grid to the main grid. The current needs to be conducted through the fine grid to the main grid. This method will result in a relatively long transmission distance between the doping layer and the main grid, a relatively large grid line resistance, and a relatively large resistance and loss in the current path. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] The utility model provides a solar cell, a battery module and a photovoltaic system to solve the technical problem of relatively large resistance and loss in the current path in the prior art.

[0005] The embodiment of the utility model is implemented as follows. The utility model provides a solar cell, a battery module and a photovoltaic system. The solar cell includes: a silicon substrate, a doping layer, a passivation layer, and a plurality of main grids; the doping layer and the passivation layer are sequentially stacked on the silicon substrate; a plurality of the main grids are arranged on the passivation layer, the passivation layer is formed with a first opening, and the main grid or the PAD point on the main grid is connected to the doping layer through the first opening.

[0006] Furthermore, the first opening includes at least one of a linear groove and a through hole.

[0007] Furthermore, the first opening includes at least one of a circular through hole, a rectangular through hole, a triangular through hole, a trapezoidal through hole, a sector through hole, a hexagonal through hole or an octagonal through hole.

[0008] Furthermore, the number of the first openings is multiple, and the multiple first openings are arranged along the width direction of the main grid.

[0009] Furthermore, the number of the first openings is multiple, and the multiple first openings are arranged along the length direction of the main grid.

[0010] Furthermore, the number of the first openings is one or more, and the total area of the first openings is less than 30 mm 2 .

[0011] Furthermore, the number of the first openings is multiple, and along the same direction, the distance between two adjacent ones of the first openings is 1 to 20 times the average one-dimensional size of two adjacent ones of the first openings, where the one-dimensional size is the diameter, length, width or diagonal length of the first opening.

[0012] Furthermore, the number of the first openings is multiple, and along the same direction, the distance between two adjacent ones of the first openings is 15 μm to 2000 μm.

[0013] Furthermore, the area of the first opening is 120 μm 2 to 9000 μm 2 .

[0014] Furthermore, the number of the first openings is multiple, and along the same direction, the distance between two adjacent ones of the first openings is the same; and / or, along the same direction, the distance between two adjacent ones of the first openings is different.

[0015] Furthermore, the number of the first openings is multiple, and along the same direction, the distance between two adjacent ones of the first openings first increases and then decreases.

[0016] Furthermore, the number of the first openings is multiple, and along the same direction, the distance between two adjacent ones of the first openings increases gradiently.

[0017] Furthermore, the number of the first openings is multiple, and along the same direction, the distance between two adjacent ones of the first openings increases gradually.

[0018] Furthermore, a plurality of fine grids are arranged on both sides of each of the main grids; the passivation layer is formed with second openings, and the fine grids are connected to the doping layer through the second openings.

[0019] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a battery assembly, and the battery assembly includes the solar cell as described above.

[0020] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a photovoltaic system, and the photovoltaic system includes the solar cell as described above.

[0021] A solar cell, a battery assembly and a photovoltaic system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Since the passivation layer of the solar cell is formed with the first openings, the main grid can be connected to the doping layer through the first openings to establish an ohmic contact between the main grid and the doping layer. Therefore, the current in the doping layer can be conducted to the main grid more directly, reducing the intermediate current path and resistance, thereby improving the effect of the current collection efficiency of the solar cell. Description of the Drawings

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a module schematic diagram of the photovoltaic system provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a module schematic diagram of the battery assembly provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the stacked structure of the solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 It is Figure 3 The layout schematic diagram of the first opening and the second opening in the main grid and the fine grid of the solar cell described in

[0027] Figure 5 It is Figure 3 The layout schematic diagram of the first opening and the second opening in the passivation layer of the solar cell described in

[0028] Figure 6 It is Figure 3 The layout schematic diagram of some first openings and second openings in the main grid and the fine grid of the solar cell described in , the first opening includes a linear groove;

[0029] Figure 7 It is Figure 3 The layout schematic diagram of some first openings and second openings in the passivation layer of the solar cell described in , the first opening includes a linear groove;

[0030] Figure 8 It is Figure 3 The layout schematic diagram of some first openings and second openings in the main grid and the fine grid of the solar cell described in , the first opening includes a through hole;

[0031] Figure 9 It is Figure 3 The layout schematic diagram of some first openings and second openings in the passivation layer of the solar cell described in , the first opening includes a through hole;

[0032] Figure 10 It is Figure 3Schematic diagram of the shape of some first openings in the solar cell described in [reference], the first opening includes at least one of a circular through hole, a rectangular through hole, a triangular through hole, a trapezoidal through hole, a fan-shaped through hole, a hexagonal through hole or an octagonal through hole;

[0033] Figure 11 is Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the spacing arrangement of some first openings in the main grid of the solar cell described in [reference];

[0034] Figure 12 is Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the spacing arrangement of some first openings in the passivation layer of the solar cell described in [reference];

[0035] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the performance comparison between the solar cell provided by an embodiment of the present invention and the solar cell of the prior art.

[0036] Main element symbol description: 1000, photovoltaic system; 1001, battery module; 100, solar cell; 10, silicon substrate; 20, doped layer; 30, passivation layer; 40, main grid; 50, fine grid; 31, first opening; 32, second opening; 41, PAD point; 311, linear groove; 312, through hole; 3121, circular through hole; 3122, rectangular through hole; 3123, triangular through hole; 3124, trapezoidal through hole; 3125, fan-shaped through hole; 3126, hexagonal through hole; 3127, octagonal through hole. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention and should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "lateral", "longitudinal", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0039] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the said features. In the description of the present utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0040] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "mounted", "connected" and "coupled" shall be construed in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection or a connection capable of mutual communication; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model may be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0041] In the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature may include the direct contact between the first and second features, or may include the situation where the first and second features are not in direct contact but in contact through additional features therebetween. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or merely means that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or merely means that the horizontal height of the first feature is lower than that of the second feature.

[0042] The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing different structures of the present utility model. To simplify the disclosure of the present utility model, components and settings of specific examples are described below. Of course, they are merely examples and are not intended to limit the present utility model. In addition, the present utility model may repeat reference numerals and / or reference letters in different examples. Such repetition is for the purpose of simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed. In addition, the present utility model provides examples of various specific processes and materials, but those of ordinary skill in the art may be aware of the application of other processes and / or the use scenarios of other materials.

[0043] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2, the photovoltaic system 1000 in the embodiment of the present utility model may include the battery module 1001 in the embodiment of the present utility model. The battery module 1001 in the embodiment of the present utility model may include a plurality of battery strings, and the battery string may include a plurality of solar cells 100 in the embodiment of the present utility model. In the present utility model, a plurality of solar cells 100 in the battery module 1001 may be sequentially connected in series through welding tapes to form a battery string. Each battery string in the battery module 1001 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a series-parallel combination to achieve the converging output of current. For example, the connection between each battery string may be achieved through a bus bar.

[0044] The solar cell 100 of the present utility model may specifically be a back contact cell.

[0045] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the solar cell 100 in the embodiment of the present utility model has a silicon substrate 10, a doping layer 20, a passivation layer 30, and a plurality of main grids 40. The doping layer 20 and the passivation layer 30 are sequentially stacked on the silicon substrate 10, that is, the doping layer 20 is disposed between the passivation layer 30 and the silicon substrate 10, and a plurality of main grids 40 are disposed on the passivation layer 30. The main grid 40 is disposed on the side of the passivation layer 30 facing away from the doping layer 20. A PAD point 41 for welding a welding tape or for volt-ampere testing is disposed on the main grid 40. A first opening 31 is formed in the passivation layer 30, and the main grid 40 or the PAD point 41 on the main grid 40 is connected to the doping layer 20 through the first opening 31. Optionally, the first opening 31 may be formed by means of laser drilling, chemical etching, mechanical drilling, wet etching, dry etching, etc. In the present utility model, it is described that the first opening 31 is formed by means of laser drilling.

[0046] Specifically, in the present utility model, a first opening 31 is formed in the passivation layer 30. The main grid 40 can be connected to the doping layer 20 through the first opening 31 to establish an ohmic contact between the main grid 40 and the doping layer 20. The first opening 31 is specifically set corresponding to the setting position of the main grid 40. The first opening 31 is provided at the corresponding position of the passivation layer 30, that is, the first opening 31 is provided between the main grid 40 and the doping layer 20. Compared with the prior art where only an ohmic contact is established between the fine grid 50 and the doping layer 20, in the present utility model, the main grid 40 is connected to the doping layer 20 through the first opening 31 to establish an ohmic contact between the main grid 40 and the doping layer 20. The current in the doping layer 20 can be conducted more directly to the main grid 40, reducing the intermediate current path and resistance, thereby improving the current collection efficiency of the solar cell 100. And, by setting the first opening 31, the contact area between the doping layer 20 and the main grid 40 can be increased, significantly reducing the contact resistance between the doping layer 20 and the main grid 40, so as to reduce current loss and improve the conversion efficiency of the solar cell 100. In addition, through the first opening 31, direct contact between the doping layer 20 and the main grid 40 can also be achieved, which is not easily affected by heat, contributing to improving the long-term reliability of the solar cell 100.

[0047] In addition, through the setting of the first opening 31, the PAD point 41 on the main grid 40 can also be connected to the doping layer 20 through the first opening 31 to establish an ohmic contact between the PAD point 41 and the doping layer 20. Therefore, the current path and resistance between the PAD point 41 and the doping layer 20 can also be reduced, achieving the effect of improving the current collection efficiency of the solar cell 100.

[0048] And, because the solder strip is welded to the main grid 40 through the PAD point 41 during setting, by setting the PAD point 41 to be connected to the doping layer 20 through the first opening 31, it is also possible to reduce the current path and resistance between the solder strip and the doping layer 20, further achieving the effect of improving the current collection efficiency of the solar cell 100. Further, in addition to setting the first opening 31 in the passivation layer 30 to establish the connection between the main grid 40 or the PAD point 41 on the main grid 40 and the doping layer 20. As Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown, in a possible implementation manner, a plurality of fine grids 50 are provided on both sides of each main grid 40; a second opening 32 is formed in the passivation layer 30, and the fine grids 50 are connected to the doping layer 20 through the second opening 32.

[0049] And, the present utility model can be applied to the solar cell 100 prepared by electroplating the main grid 40 and the fine grid 50. In the present utility model, the main grid 40 and the fine grid 50 are on the same plane.

[0050] Specifically, fine grids 50 connected to the main grids 40 are provided on both sides of each main grid 40. In addition to forming the first opening 31 in the passivation layer 30, a second opening 32 can also be formed in the passivation layer 30. The fine grid 50 is connected to the doping layer 20 through the second opening 32 to establish an ohmic contact between the fine grid 50 and the doping layer 20. The second opening 32 is specifically set corresponding to the position of the fine grid 50. The second opening 32 is provided at the corresponding position in the passivation layer 30, that is, the second opening 32 is provided between the fine grid 50 and the doping layer 20. The second opening 32 enables the fine grid 50 to directly contact the doping layer 20, establishing a good ohmic contact, which helps to reduce the resistance between the fine grid 50 and the doping layer 20 and improve the conduction efficiency of the current of the solar cell 100. Moreover, the current in the doping layer 20 can be conducted more directly to the main grid 40, reducing the intermediate current path and resistance, thereby improving the current collection efficiency of the solar cell 100.

[0051] In addition, in the present utility model, through the settings of the first opening 31 and the second opening 32, efficient electrical contacts between the main grid 40 and the doping layer 20 and between the fine grid 50 and the doping layer 20 can be achieved, and the effects of improving the current collection efficiency and overall performance of the solar energy can be achieved.

[0052] Furthermore, for the setting form of the first opening 31, as Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 shown, in a possible implementation manner, the first opening 31 may include at least one of a linear groove 311 and a through hole 312. Of course, in other embodiments, the setting form of the second opening 32 can also be set with reference to the setting form of the first opening 31, which will not be elaborated here.

[0053] As Figure 6 and Figure 7 shown. The first opening 31 may include a linear groove 311. The linear groove 311 can be set along the length direction or the width direction of the main grid 40, which is not limited here. Through the setting of the linear groove 311, the contact area between the main grid 40 and the doping layer 20 can be increased. Increasing the contact area helps to reduce the contact resistance and form a better ohmic contact, thereby reducing the current loss of the solar cell 100. In addition, the setting of the linear groove 311 can also reduce the change of the contact resistance caused by thermal expansion, achieving the effects of maintaining the stability and reliability of the solar cell 100 during long-term use.

[0054] Of course, as Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the first opening 31 may also include a through hole 312, which is a hole penetrating the passivation layer 30. By providing the through hole 312, ohmic contact between the main grid 40 and the doping layer 20 can be achieved while reducing damage to the passivation layer 30, and efficiency degradation or long-term performance problems caused by damage to the passivation layer 30 can be reduced. The passivation layer 30 can still effectively reduce surface recombination of the battery, improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and achieve the effect of increasing the battery efficiency.

[0055] Furthermore, regarding the shape setting of the first opening 31, as Figure 10 shown, in a possible implementation, the first opening 31 includes at least one of a circular through hole 3121, a rectangular through hole 3122, a triangular through hole 3123, a trapezoidal through hole 3124, a sector through hole 3125, a hexagonal through hole 3126, or an octagonal through hole 3127.

[0056] Specifically, regarding the shape setting of the first opening 31, the first opening 31 may include at least one of a circular through hole 3121, a rectangular through hole 3122, a triangular through hole 3123, a trapezoidal through hole 3124, a sector through hole 3125, a hexagonal through hole 3126, or an octagonal through hole 3127. By setting the first opening 31 as through holes 312 of different shapes, different contact areas between the main grid 40 and the doping layer 20 can be provided, and in practical applications, an appropriate shape can be selected to optimize the current transmission efficiency, so as to achieve the effect of increasing the flexibility of the solar cell 100 setting. Of course, in other embodiments, the shape setting of the second opening 32 can also be set with reference to the shape setting of the first opening 31, which will not be elaborated here.

[0057] Furthermore, regarding the arrangement of the first opening 31, in a possible implementation, the number of the first openings 31 is multiple, and the multiple first openings 31 are arranged along the width direction of the main grid 40. Of course, it can also be set that the number of the first openings 31 is multiple, and the multiple first openings 31 are arranged along the length direction of the main grid 40.

[0058] Specifically, when there are multiple first openings 31, the arrangement of the first openings 31 can be set to be arranged along the width direction of the main grid 40, or the arrangement of the first openings 31 can also be set to be arranged along the length direction of the main grid 40. In addition, the arrangement of the first openings 31 can also be set to have both an arrangement along the width direction of the main grid 40 and an arrangement along the length direction of the main grid 40. The specific arrangement can be selected according to the actual situation. Of course, in other embodiments, the arrangement of the second opening 32 can also be set with reference to the arrangement of the first opening 31, which will not be elaborated here.

[0059] Furthermore, in the present utility model, the provision of the first opening 31 can achieve the effect of reducing current loss and improving the conversion efficiency of the solar cell 100. However, since the first opening 31 is formed in the passivation layer 30, when the total area of one or more first openings 31 is too large. The first opening 31 with too large an area will cause large-area damage to the passivation layer 30 and reduce its protection function for the battery surface. The main function of the passivation layer 30 is to reduce surface recombination and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Excessive damage to the passivation layer 30 will also cause a reduction in the efficiency of the solar cell 100.

[0060] Therefore, setting the first opening 31 can increase the ohmic contact between the main grid 40 and the doping layer 20, achieving the effect of reducing current loss and improving the conversion efficiency of the solar cell 100. However, in order to avoid excessive damage to the passivation layer 30, the total area of the first opening 31 cannot be too large.

[0061] Therefore, in a possible implementation manner, the number of the first openings 31 is one or more, and the total area of the first openings 31 is less than 30 mm 2 . By setting the total area of the first openings 31 to be less than 30 mm 2 . In this way, the ohmic contact between the main grid 40 and the doping layer 20 can be increased, and excessive damage to the passivation layer 30 can also be avoided. That is to say, setting the total area of the first openings 31 within the range of less than 30 mm 2 can ensure the effect of increasing the ohmic contact between the main grid 40 and the doping layer 20 while avoiding excessive damage to the passivation layer 30.

[0062] In such an embodiment, the number of the first openings 31 is one or more, and the total area of the first openings 31 can be, for example, 20 μm 2 , 30 μm 2 , 40 μm 2 , 50 μm 2 , 55 μm 2 , 100 μm 2 , 200 μm 2 , 500 μm 2 , 750 μm 2 , 1000 μm 2 , 1500 μm 2 , 18000 μm 2 or any value within 30 mm 2 .

[0063] Of course, in other embodiments, the area setting method of the second opening 32 can also be set with reference to the area setting method of the first opening 31, which will not be elaborated here.

[0064] Further, for the spacing setting of the first opening 31, in a possible implementation, the number of the first openings 31 is multiple, and along the same direction, the spacing between two adjacent first openings 31 is 15 μm to 2000 μm.

[0065] Specifically, the "along the same direction" described in the embodiments of the present invention may specifically refer to the length direction of the main grid 40, may also refer to the width direction of the main grid 40, or may also refer to the diagonal direction.

[0066] When the spacing between two adjacent first openings 31 is too large, it may cause the transmission distance of the main grid 40 at the two adjacent first openings 31 to be too large, resulting in an increase in resistance; that is, a larger spacing means that the current of the doping layer 20 needs to pass through a longer path of the main grid 40 to reach the next first opening 31, which will cause an increase in resistance, resulting in energy loss and efficiency reduction. When the spacing between two adjacent first openings 31 is too small, the passivation layer 30 will be excessively damaged.

[0067] Therefore, by setting that when the number of the first openings 31 is multiple, the spacing between two adjacent first openings 31 along the same direction is 15 μm to 2000 μm. In this way, it is possible to avoid the transmission distance between two adjacent first openings 31 from being too large, resulting in an increase in resistance, and at the same time, it is also possible to avoid the passivation layer 30 from being excessively damaged. That is to say, setting the spacing between two adjacent first openings 31 within the range of 15 μm to 2000 μm along the same direction can ensure that while avoiding the transmission distance between two adjacent first openings 31 from being too large, the passivation layer 30 is not excessively damaged. That is, it can achieve the effect of effectively controlling the damage range of the passivation layer 30 and reducing the transmission resistance of the current on the main grid 40. Of course, in other embodiments, the spacing setting method of the second opening 32 can also be set with reference to the area setting method of the first opening 31, which will not be elaborated here.

[0068] In such an embodiment, the spacing between two adjacent first openings 31 along the same direction can be, for example, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 55 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, 500 μm, 750 μm, 1000 μm, 1500 μm or any value between 15 μm and 2000 μm.

[0069] Further, for the area setting of each first opening 31, in a possible implementation, the area of the first opening 31 is 120 μm 2 to 9000 μm 2 .

[0070] Specifically, for the area of a single first opening 31, the area of the first opening 31 should not be too large, nor too small. When the area of the first opening 31 is too small, a manufacturing process with high precision is required, resulting in high production complexity and cost. When the area of the first opening 31 is too large, the loss to the passivation layer 30 is relatively large.

[0071] Therefore, by setting the area of the first opening 31 to be 120 μm 2 to 9000 μm 2 within this range, an effective balance can be found between the manufacturing process complexity and the protection of the passivation layer 30, achieving the effect of effectively improving the performance of the solar cell 100 while reducing the production complexity and cost. Of course, in other embodiments, the area setting method of the second opening 32 can also be set with reference to the area setting method of the first opening 31, which will not be elaborated here.

[0072] In such an embodiment, the area of a single first opening 31 can be, for example, 56.25 μm 2 , 100 μm 2 , 225 μm 2 , 400 μm 2 , 625 μm 2 , 900π μm 2 , 1225π μm 2 , 2500 μm 2 , 225 μm 2 , 400 μm 2 , 625 μm 2 , 900 μm 2 , 1225 μm 2 , 1600 μm 2 , 2500 μm 2 , 3600 μm 2 , 4900 μm 2 , 10000 μm 2 or any value between 120 μm 2 and 9000 μm 2 .

[0073] Regarding the relationship between the spacing and area of the first opening 31, in a possible implementation, the number of the first openings 31 is multiple. Along the same direction, the spacing between two adjacent first openings 31 is 1 to 20 times the average one-dimensional size of two adjacent first openings 31, and the one-dimensional size is the diameter, length, width, or diagonal length of the first opening 31.

[0074] Specifically, the "along the same direction" described in the embodiments of the present invention can specifically refer to the length direction of the main grid 40, or the width direction of the main grid 40, or the diagonal direction.

[0075] By adjusting the one-dimensional dimension of the first opening 31 and the spacing between adjacent one-dimensional dimensions, the damage to the passivation layer 30 can be effectively adjusted to achieve the effect of improving the battery efficiency. Moreover, by setting the spacing between two adjacent first openings 31 within the range of 1 to 20 times the average one-dimensional dimension of the opening, an effective balance can be found between the manufacturing process complexity and the protection of the passivation layer 30, achieving the effect of effectively improving the performance of the solar cell 100 while reducing the production complexity and cost.

[0076] In the embodiment of the present utility model, the one-dimensional dimension of the first opening 31 is described by the diameter of the first opening 31. Of course, in other embodiments, the setting method of the relationship between the spacing and area of the second opening 32 can also be set by referring to the setting method of the relationship between the spacing and area of the first opening 31, which will not be elaborated here.

[0077] Further, for the specific arrangement mode of the first opening 31, in a possible implementation manner, along the same direction, the number of the first openings 31 is multiple, and the spacing between two adjacent first openings 31 is the same; and / or, along the same direction, the spacing between two adjacent first openings 31 is different.

[0078] Specifically, the "along the same direction" described in the embodiment of the present utility model may specifically refer to the length direction of the main grid 40, or may refer to the width direction of the main grid 40, or may refer to the diagonal direction.

[0079] For the specific arrangement mode of the first opening 31, as Figure 11 and Figure 12 shown, the spacing between two adjacent first openings 31 can be set to be the same. By setting the uniform spacing between adjacent first openings 31, consistent electrical contact quality and uniform current distribution can be achieved on the main grid 40, which helps to optimize the performance of the solar cell 100.

[0080] Moreover, by setting the spacing between two adjacent first openings 31 to be the same, the manufacturing process for forming the first opening 31 can also be unified. Especially when laser drilling is performed, it helps to achieve the effects of simplifying the manufacturing process, being easy to control and calibrate.

[0081] For the setting mode where the spacing between two adjacent first openings 31 is the same, for example, as Figure 11 and Figure 12 , along the width direction of the main grid 40, 6 first openings 31 are formed in the passivation layer 30, and the spacing between two adjacent first openings 31 is successively: B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, that is, B1 = B2 = B3 = B4 = B5.

[0082] In addition, for the specific arrangement of the first openings 31, the distances between two adjacent first openings 31 can also be set differently. By setting the uneven distances between adjacent first openings 31, flexible adjustment can be made in the design to meet specific electrical and structural requirements. Moreover, different distance settings can also optimize the electrical contact in specific areas of the main grid 40 or reduce the damage in specific areas of the passivation layer 30, achieving the effect of improving the flexibility in manufacturing the solar cell 100.

[0083] For the setting method where the distances between two adjacent first openings 31 are the same, for example, as Figure 11 and Figure 12 shown, along the width direction of the main grid 40, 6 first openings 31 are formed in the passivation layer 30, and the distances between two adjacent first openings 31 are successively: C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, that is, C1≠C2≠C3≠C4≠C5.

[0084] Furthermore, for the specific arrangement of the first openings 31, as Figure 11 and Figure 12 shown, in a possible implementation manner, the number of first openings 31 is multiple, and along the same direction, the distance between two adjacent first openings 31 first increases and then decreases. Or, in a possible implementation manner, the number of first openings 31 is multiple, and along the same direction, the distance gradient between two first openings 31 increases. Or, in a possible implementation manner, the number of first openings 31 is multiple, and along the same direction, the distance between two adjacent first openings 31 gradually increases. Of course, in other embodiments, the specific arrangement of the second openings 32 can also be set with reference to the specific arrangement of the first openings 31, which will not be elaborated here.

[0085] Specifically, as Figure 11 and Figure 12 shown, along the same direction, the distance between two adjacent first openings 31 can be set to first increase and then decrease. Similarly, the "along the same direction" described in the embodiments of the present invention can specifically refer to the length direction of the main grid 40, or the width direction of the main grid 40, or the diagonal direction.

[0086] For the setting method where the distance between two adjacent first openings 31 first increases and then decreases, for example, as Figure 11 and Figure 12 shown, along the width direction of the main grid 40, 6 first openings 31 are formed in the passivation layer 30, and the distances between two adjacent first openings 31 are successively: X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, that is, X1<X2 <x3>X4 > X5. Wherein, X1 can specifically be 20μm, X2 can specifically be 30μm, X3 can specifically be 40μm, X4 can specifically be 30μm, and X5 can specifically be 20μm. By setting the spacing between two adjacent first openings 31 to first increase and then decrease, specific electrical and structural requirements can be met, achieving the effect of improving the flexibility in manufacturing the solar cell 100.

[0087] Further, as Figure 11 and Figure 12 shown, along the same direction, the spacing between two adjacent first openings 31 can be set to gradually increase, and specifically can be set to increase in a gradient or gradually change.

[0088] Specifically, along the same direction, the spacing between two adjacent first openings 31 can be set to increase in a gradient. For example, as Figure 11 and Figure 12 shown, along the width direction of the main grid 40, 7 first openings 31 are formed in the passivation layer 30, and the spacing between two adjacent first openings 31 is successively: Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, that is, Y1 = Y2 < Y3 = Y4 < Y5 = Y6. Wherein, Y1 can specifically be 20μm, Y2 can specifically be 20μm, Y3 can specifically be 30μm, Y4 can specifically be 30μm, Y5 can specifically be 40μm, and Y6 can specifically be 40μm. By setting the spacing between two adjacent first openings 31 to increase in a gradient, specific electrical and structural requirements can be met, achieving the effect of improving the flexibility in manufacturing the solar cell 100.

[0089] Specifically, along the same direction, the spacing between two adjacent first openings 31 can also be set to gradually change. For example, as Figure 11 and Figure 12 shown, along the width direction of the main grid 40, 7 first openings 31 are formed in the passivation layer 30, and the spacing between two adjacent first openings 31 is successively: Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5, Z6, that is, Z1 < Z2 < Z3 < Z4 < Z5 < Z6. Wherein, Z1 can specifically be 20μm, Z2 can specifically be 30μm, Z3 can specifically be 40μm, Z4 can specifically be 50μm, Z5 can specifically be 60μm, and Z6 can specifically be 70μm. By setting the spacing between two adjacent first openings 31 to gradually change, specific electrical and structural requirements can be met, achieving the effect of improving the flexibility in manufacturing the solar cell 100.

[0090] In addition, as Figure 13 As shown, in an embodiment of the present utility model, a total of 188×10×14 rectangular through-holes 3122 (first openings 31) with a size of 17μm×17μm are provided on the main grid 40 of the solar cell 100 and the PAD points 41 of the main grid 40, increasing the contact area with the doping layer 20 in the solar cell 100 by 7.6 mm 2 Compared with the prior art where the first opening 31 is not provided on the main grid 40 of 100 and the PAD points 41 of the main grid 40, the solar cell 100 of the embodiment of the present utility model can achieve an effect of improving the battery efficiency by 0.05% and reducing the open-circuit voltage loss by about 0.2 mV.

[0091] In the description of this specification, the descriptions with reference to terms such as "some embodiments", "schematic embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiments or examples are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0092] In addition, the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not used to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized in that, Comprising: A silicon substrate, a doping layer, a passivation layer, and a plurality of main gates; the doping layer and the passivation layer are sequentially stacked on the silicon substrate; A plurality of the main gates are disposed on the passivation layer, and a first opening is formed in the passivation layer, and the main gate or a PAD point on the main gate is connected to the doping layer through the first opening.

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The first opening includes at least one of a linear groove and a through hole.

3. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first opening includes at least one of a circular through hole, a rectangular through hole, a triangular through hole, a trapezoidal through hole, a fan-shaped through hole, a hexagonal through hole, or an octagonal through hole.

4. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The number of the first openings is multiple, and the multiple first openings are arranged along the width direction of the main gate.

5. The solar cell according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The number of the first openings is multiple, and the multiple first openings are arranged along the length direction of the main gate.

6. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the first openings is one or more, and the total area of the first openings is less than 30 mm 2 .

7. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the first openings is multiple, and along the same direction, the distance between two adjacent first openings is 1 to 20 times the average one-dimensional dimension of two adjacent first openings, and the one-dimensional dimension is the diameter, length, width, or diagonal length of the first opening.

8. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The number of the first openings is multiple, and along the same direction, the distance between two adjacent first openings is 15 μm to 2000 μm.

9. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The area of the first opening is 120 μm 2 to 9000 μm 2 .

10. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the first openings is multiple, and along the same direction, the distance between two adjacent first openings is the same; and / or, along the same direction, the distance between two adjacent first openings is different.

11. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The number of the first openings is multiple, and along the same direction, the distance between two adjacent first openings first increases and then decreases.

12. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the first openings is multiple, and along the same direction, the distance between two adjacent first openings increases gradiently.

13. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the first openings is multiple, and along the same direction, the distance between two adjacent first openings increases gradually.

14. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein A plurality of fine gates are disposed on both sides of each of the main gates; A second opening is formed in the passivation layer, and the fine gate is connected to the doping layer through the second opening.

15. A battery assembly, characterized in that, Comprising a solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

16. A photovoltaic system, characterized in that, Comprising a battery module according to claim 15.

Images