Pier anti-collision device with guiding and force unloading functions

Abstract

The utility model relates to a bridge pier anti-collision device with guiding and force unloading functions, aims to improve the anti-collision performance of a bridge pier, and belongs to the technical field of bridge engineering. The device is installed on the periphery of a pier bearing platform and mainly structurally comprises a frame body support, a head-on collision part and a guide part. The frame body bracket is polygonal and is mounted at the top end of a pier pile foundation; the head-on collision part is installed at the two ends, facing and back to the navigation direction of a river, of the outer side of the frame body support, is composed of a plurality of deformation energy absorption boxes which are tightly arranged, and can effectively absorb vertical collision force. The guide parts are located at the two ends, parallel to the navigation direction of a river, of the outer side of the frame support and composed of a plurality of roll shaft mechanisms arranged in parallel, and roll shafts roll when a ship collides in the inclined direction so as to guide and change the collision direction to form the force unloading effect. The deformation energy absorption structure is arranged in the direction where the frame body is prone to front impact, the guide force unloading structure is arranged in the direction where the frame body is prone to oblique impact, and therefore the impact resistance of the pier is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of bridge engineering, and specifically, to a pier anti-collision device with both guiding and force unloading functions. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the economy, a large number of cross-river, cross-jiang, and cross-sea bridges have been built in China. At the same time, the rapid development of the shipping industry has led to a significant increase in the number of navigable vessels. Therefore, the accidents of ships hitting piers are increasing day by day. Due to the large tonnage and huge kinetic energy of ships, once a collision occurs, it will cause damage to the ship and the pier at least, and may even lead to serious accidents such as ship sinking and bridge collapse, resulting in huge casualties and economic losses.

[0003] Setting up a pier anti-collision device can effectively resist ship collision disasters and ensure the safe operation of the ship and the bridge. Pier anti-collision devices can be mainly divided into two types from the mechanism: deformation energy absorption and guiding force unloading. The deformation energy absorption device mainly absorbs the kinetic energy when the ship hits the pier through the single-stage or multi-stage deformation of the device components, greatly reducing the impact force and impact energy transmitted to the pier, so as to play a role in protecting the pier. The deformation structures are mainly springs, rubbers, and energy-absorbing superstructures, etc. At the same time, damping elements are generally arranged in this type of device to consume kinetic energy. The guiding force unloading device guides the direction of the impact force outward and unloads the force through the rolling of the anti-collision device components when the bridge is hit, reducing the transmission of the impact force to the pier, so as to achieve the purpose of protecting the pier. Commonly used rolling components include rotating sleeves, rolling bars, roller shafts, etc.

[0004] Chinese Patent No. CN202310940399.0 discloses a multi-stage anti-impact and anti-collision device. The device components include a pier outer sleeve, an electromagnetic and elastic damper, a fender, an extrusion friction energy absorber, an outer buffer sleeve, etc. A pier outer sleeve is arranged around the pier, and an electromagnetic damper and an elastic damper are arranged between the outer side of the outer sleeve and the inner side of the fender; an outer buffer sleeve is arranged around the fender, and an extrusion friction energy absorber is arranged between the outer periphery of the fender and the outer buffer sleeve. This utility model uses three-stage step-by-step energy absorption to prevent collisions and reduce vibrations of the pier, and can greatly increase the anti-collision performance.

[0005] Chinese Patent No. 202310222676.4 discloses a pier anti-collision device and an anti-collision bridge. The pier anti-collision device provided by this utility model includes an anti-collision skeleton and a deflection plate group; a deflection plate group is arranged on the outer side surface of the anti-collision skeleton, the deflection plate group includes an inner fixing surface and an outer deflection surface, and there are multiple rolling bars between the inner fixing surface and the outer deflection surface. The rolling bars are arranged vertically and are used to guide the outer deflection surface to slide relative to the inner fixing surface when the outer deflection surface is hit, so as to deflect the bow direction, so that most of the kinetic energy still remains on the impact ship, effectively reducing the transmission of the impact kinetic energy to the pier, and having a better anti-collision effect.

[0006] Both the deformation energy absorption and the guiding energy dissipation mechanisms have good effects on pier anti-collision. However, at present, the vast majority of pier anti-collision devices only use a single anti-collision mechanism and do not organically combine the two to carry out targeted structural design, which to a certain extent limits the improvement of anti-collision ability. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present utility model is to provide a pier anti-collision device with both guiding and force dissipation functions, so as to solve the problems such as the single mechanism of the existing pier anti-collision protection device and the need to further improve the anti-collision ability.

[0008] To solve the above problems, the present utility model provides a pier anti-collision device with both guiding and force dissipation functions. The device is installed around the pier cap. The main structure includes a frame support, a collision-facing part, and a guiding part. The frame support is polygonal and is installed at the top of the pier pile foundation. The collision-facing part is installed at both ends of the outer side of the frame support facing and back to the river navigation direction, and is composed of a plurality of closely arranged deformation energy absorption boxes, which can effectively absorb the vertical impact force. The guiding part is located at both ends of the outer side of the frame support parallel to the river navigation direction, and is composed of a plurality of parallel arranged roller mechanisms. When the ship impacts obliquely, the rollers roll to guide and change the impact direction to form a force dissipation effect. In this patent, a deformation energy absorption structure is set in the direction where the frame is easily impacted frontally, and a guiding force dissipation structure is set in the direction where it is easily impacted obliquely. By targeted design, the two mechanisms of deformation energy absorption and guiding force dissipation are organically combined, thereby improving the anti-impact performance of the pier.

[0009] As a preferred solution, the deformation energy absorption box includes a forward energy absorption box located in the central area of the collision-facing part. The forward energy absorption boxes are all square hollow shells, and multiple deformation grooves parallelly distributed and perpendicular to the impact direction are arranged on the side surfaces of the forward energy absorption boxes. The deformation energy absorption box also includes first lateral energy absorption boxes attached to both sides of the forward energy absorption box. The first lateral energy absorption boxes are trapezoidal hollow shells, and deformation grooves perpendicular to the impact direction and parallel to the inclined surfaces at their ends are arranged on their side surfaces. A second lateral energy absorption box is also attached to the outer side of the first lateral energy absorption box. The second lateral energy absorption boxes are triangular prism-shaped hollow shells, and deformation grooves parallel to the inclined surfaces at their ends are arranged on their side surfaces.

[0010] This design optimizes the structural design of the deformation energy absorption box. Since it is mainly used to absorb the forward impact force, the square shell design is adopted in the central area of the collision part. The length direction of the shell itself is along the navigation direction, and deformation grooves are evenly distributed on it. Through this structure, the forward energy absorption box is deformed and energy is absorbed in a preset manner to ensure the structural stability of the energy absorption box; and to adapt to the structure of the collision part itself, the first lateral energy absorption box and the second lateral energy absorption box are set at the position where the edge transitions to the guide part on both sides of the edge. The two are divided into two structures, namely trapezoidal shell and triangular prism shell, because of the different distances from the central area, and deformation grooves adapted to their own edge structures or preset impact directions are respectively set.

[0011] As a preferred solution, the collision part also includes a collision end panel that is attached to the collision side end faces of the forward energy absorption box, the first lateral energy absorption box and the second lateral energy absorption box. The central area of the collision end panel is straight and perpendicular to the collision direction, and both sides of the collision end panel are inclined.

[0012] This design further optimizes the overall force structure of the collision part, and sets a collision panel at the end of all energy absorption boxes in the collision direction. The panel structure can firstly form each energy absorption box structure into a whole, thereby optimizing the sharing of the impact force to other surrounding energy absorption boxes when a local area is hit; secondly, it can enhance the integrity and durability of the structure, and seal the internal energy absorption box to avoid rust and other losses.

[0013] As a preferred solution, the collision part also includes a bottom support plate for being installed and fixed to the base of each of the forward energy absorption box, the first lateral energy absorption box and the second lateral energy absorption box, the two ends of the collision end panel are fixedly connected to the two ends of the bottom support plate, and the bottom support plate is fixed against the guide part.

[0014] This design optimizes the structure of the connection between the impact part and the support of each energy absorption box. A bottom support plate is set at the base of each energy absorption box. Through this structure, the impact force is transmitted to the frame structure, and the force is transmitted to the guide parts on both sides through the structures extending at both ends and the guide parts.

[0015] As a preferred solution, the guide part includes mounting beams with preset elasticity located at the upper and lower sides of the frame support, and the roller mechanism includes a central axis and a roller body sleeved on the periphery of the central axis. The two ends of the central axis are respectively connected to the two mounting beams, and the roller mechanisms are densely distributed on both sides of the frame support. This design optimizes the structural design of the guide part, and provides the installation position of the roller mechanism through the elastic mounting beam structure, so that the roller and the frame support can be elastically transmitted. The central axis and the roller body can be connected by a bearing rotation support.

[0016] As a preferred solution, an elastic support structure is provided between the mounting beam and the frame support to elastically conduct the force of the roller mechanism to the frame support through the mounting beam and the elastic support structure. This design provides a connection structure between the mounting beam and the frame support, and optimizes the force conduction between the two by using elastic support.

[0017] As a preferred solution, the elastic support structure includes a plurality of elastic support platforms arranged in an array between the mounting beam and the frame support. The elastic support platform includes two mounting seats at its two ends and a shock-absorbing spring connected between the two mounting seats. The two mounting seats are respectively used for mounting and fixing to the inner side surface of the mounting beam and the outer side surface of the frame support.

[0018] This design provides a preferred design of the elastic support structure. The main structure of the elastic support platform includes mounting seats respectively fixed to the surfaces of the frame support and the mounting beam on both sides, and a shock-absorbing spring connected between the two mounting seats. Elastic support is provided by the shock-absorbing spring.

[0019] As a preferred solution, the elastic support platform further includes an elastic ring. Through holes penetrating the side surfaces are provided on both mounting seats. The through holes are perpendicular to the length direction of the shock-absorbing spring. The elastic ring is installed through the through holes of the two mounting seats respectively to enhance the support elastic force of the shock-absorbing spring.

[0020] This design provides a further optimized design of the elastic support platform. On the basis of the structure of the shock-absorbing spring, an elastic ring structure connected to the mounting seats at both ends is further added. The elastic ring structure is connected to the mounting seats through through holes, further improving the elasticity of the connection. The elastic ring structure compensates for the deficiency of the spring support, and can not only provide support in the compressed state, but also provide tensile elasticity.

[0021] As a preferred solution, a support shock absorber is provided between the inner edge of the frame support and the outer side surface of the top bearing platform of the bridge pier pile foundation. The support shock absorber is fixedly filled between the frame support and the bridge pier pile foundation. This design optimizes the installation structure according to the installation environment of the anti-collision device itself. By setting the support shock absorber in cooperation with the shape of the top of the bridge pier pile foundation and the shape of the inner edge of the frame support, the overall force can be shared, and the external impact can be more evenly distributed to the bridge pier pile foundation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a pier anti-collision device with both guiding and force unloading provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of the pier anti-collision device with both guiding and force unloading in

[0024] Figure 3 is Figure 1 a schematic structural diagram of an elastic support structure of a pier anti-collision device with both guiding and load unloading functions;

[0025] Figure 4 is Figure 1 a schematic structural diagram of a deformation energy absorption box of a pier anti-collision device with both guiding and load unloading functions;

[0026] Among them, Figures 1 - 4 in:

[0027] 1. Frame support; 2. Impact-facing part; 2-1. Forward energy absorption box; 2-2. First lateral energy absorption box; 2-3. Second lateral energy absorption box; 2-4. Bottom support plate; 2-5. Impact-facing end panel; 2-6. Deformation groove; 3. Guiding part; 3-1. Installation beam; 3-2. Central axis; 3-3. Roller; 4. Support shock absorber; 5. Elastic support platform; 5-1. Installation seat; 5-2. Shock-absorbing spring; 5-3. Elastic ring; 6. Pier pile foundation. Specific implementation manners

[0028] To make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and functions of the present utility model easy to understand, the present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with specific implementation manners.

[0029] Before elaborating on the working principle of the present utility model in detail, further explanatory notes on the description of the present utility model are required: In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "both ends", "one end", "the other end", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present utility model. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0030] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installed", "provided with", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or a welded connection between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0031] Refer to Figures 1 - 4 the following embodiments for description, Figure 1Schematic diagram of the overall structure of a pier anti-collision device with both guiding and load-unloading functions provided by the present utility model; Figure 2 is Figure 1 Partial enlarged structural schematic diagram of the pier anti-collision device with both guiding and load-unloading functions in;

[0032] Figure 3 is Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of the elastic support structure of the pier anti-collision device with both guiding and load-unloading functions in; Figure 4 is Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of the deformation energy absorption box of the pier anti-collision device with both guiding and load-unloading functions in.

[0033] The pier anti-collision device with both guiding and load-unloading functions provided in this embodiment includes a frame bracket 1 installed on the top cap of the pier pile foundation. The frame bracket 1 is polygonal. Impact parts 2 are provided at both ends of the frame bracket 1 facing and facing away from the river navigation direction. Guiding parts 3 are provided at both ends of the frame bracket 1 parallel to the river navigation direction. The impact parts 2 include a plurality of closely arranged deformation energy absorption boxes. The impact force is offset by the deformation of the deformation energy absorption boxes under force. The guiding parts 3 include a plurality of parallel arranged roller mechanisms. The movement direction of the impact object after impact is guided by the rotation of the roller mechanisms to achieve guiding and buffering.

[0034] The pier anti-collision device with both guiding and load-unloading functions provided by the present utility model is specially used to protect the lower part of the pier pile foundation by being installed and fixed on the top cap of the pier pile foundation. The structure mainly includes a frame bracket 1 located on the outer periphery of the pile foundation and impact parts 2 and guiding parts 3 installed on different sides of the frame bracket 1. Among them, the impact parts 2 have a plurality of closely arranged deformation energy absorption boxes. When the deformation energy absorption boxes are impacted, elastic deformation occurs, and the impact force is shared by each deformation energy absorption box. And through the rotation and guidance of each roller of the guiding part 3, when an impact object touches, it can unload the force through rotation and guidance, and guide the impact object along the direction of the object's movement inertia. Through such a design, the function of the anti-collision device is partitioned. The installation position is jointly determined by the pier pile foundation and the navigation direction. Special structures for absorbing impacts are provided at both ends of the frame along the navigation direction where the frame is most likely to be impacted, while special guiding and shock-absorbing structures are provided at the positions of the frame on both sides perpendicular to the navigation direction, that is, the positions of the frame that are relatively less likely to be directly impacted head-on, so as to maximize the anti-collision protection function. Through the optimization of the structure, the anti-impact performance of the pier protection and anti-collision is greatly improved, and its tolerance is enhanced.

[0035] In the technical solution of this embodiment, the deformation energy absorption box includes a forward energy absorption box 2-1 located in the central area of the impact-facing part 2. The forward energy absorption boxes 2-1 are all square hollow shells. A plurality of deformation grooves 2-6 are arranged on the side surfaces of the forward energy absorption boxes 2-1, which are distributed in parallel and perpendicular to the impact direction; the deformation energy absorption box further includes first lateral energy absorption boxes 2-2 attached to both sides of the forward energy absorption box 2-1. The first lateral energy absorption boxes 2-2 are in the shape of trapezoidal hollow shells, and deformation grooves 2-6 perpendicular to the impact direction and parallel to the end inclined surfaces are arranged on their side surfaces. A second lateral energy absorption box 2-3 is also attached to the outside of the first lateral energy absorption box 2-2. The second lateral energy absorption box 2-3 is a hollow shell in the shape of a triangular prism, and deformation grooves 2-6 parallel to the end inclined surfaces are arranged on its side surfaces.

[0036] This design optimizes the structural design of the deformation energy absorption box. Since it is mainly used to absorb the forward impact force, the design of square shells is adopted for those located in the central area of the impact-facing part 2. The length direction of the shell itself is along the navigation direction, and deformation grooves 2-6 are evenly distributed on it. Through this structure, the forward energy absorption box 2-1 deforms and absorbs energy in a preset manner, ensuring the structural stability of the energy absorption box; and it adapts to the structure of the impact-facing part 2 itself. At the positions where the two sides of its edge transition to the guiding part 3, lateral first lateral energy absorption boxes 2-2 and second lateral energy absorption boxes 2-3 are arranged. The two are divided into two structures, trapezoidal shells and triangular prism shells, because of their different distances from the central area, and deformation grooves 2-6 adapted to their own edge structures or the preset impact direction are respectively arranged.

[0037] In the technical solution of this embodiment, the impact-facing part 2 further includes an impact-facing end panel 2-5 attached to the impact-facing side end faces of each forward energy absorption box 2-1, first lateral energy absorption box 2-2 and second lateral energy absorption box 2-3. The central area of the impact-facing end panel 2-5 is straight and perpendicular to the impact direction, and both sides of the impact-facing end panel 2-5 are in the shape of inclined planes.

[0038] This design further optimizes the overall force-bearing structure of the impact-facing part 2. An impact-facing panel is arranged at the end of all energy absorption boxes in the impact-facing direction. Firstly, this panel structure can form an integral body of each energy absorption box structure, optimizing the sharing of the impact force to other surrounding energy absorption boxes when a local impact occurs. Secondly, it improves the structural integrity and durability, and closes the internal energy absorption boxes to avoid losses such as rust.

[0039] In the technical solution of this embodiment, the impact-facing part 2 further includes a bottom support plate 2-4 for mounting and fixing the bases of each forward energy absorption box 2-1, first lateral energy absorption box 2-2 and second lateral energy absorption box 2-3. Both ends of the impact-facing end panel 2-5 are fixedly connected to both ends of the bottom support plate 2-4, and the bottom support plate 2-4 is fixedly abutted against the guiding part 3.

[0040] This design optimizes the structure of the frontal collision part 2 connected to each energy absorption box in a supporting manner. A bottom support plate 2-4 is provided at the base of each energy absorption box. Through this structure, first, the impact force is conducted to the frame structure, and second, the force is conducted to the guiding parts 3 on both sides through the structures extending from both ends thereof and abutting against the guiding part 3.

[0041] In the technical solution of this embodiment, the guiding part 3 includes mounting beams 3-1 with preset elasticity respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the frame bracket 1. The roller shaft mechanism includes a central shaft 3-2 and a roller body 3-3 sleeved on the outer periphery of the central shaft 3-2. Both ends of the central shaft 3-2 are respectively connected to the two mounting beams 3-1, and each roller shaft mechanism is densely arranged on both sides of the frame bracket 1. This design optimizes the structural design of the guiding part 3. The mounting position of the roller shaft mechanism is provided through the structure of the elastic mounting beam 3-1, enabling elastic conduction of force between the roller shaft and the frame bracket 1. The central shaft 3-2 and the roller body 3-3 can be rotationally supported and connected through bearings.

[0042] In the technical solution of this embodiment, an elastic support structure is provided between the mounting beam 3-1 and the frame bracket 1 for elastically conducting the force of the roller shaft mechanism to the frame bracket 1 through the mounting beam 3-1 and the elastic support structure. This design provides a connection structure between the mounting beam 3-1 and the frame bracket 1, and the force conduction between the two is optimized by using elastic support.

[0043] In the technical solution of this embodiment, the elastic support structure includes a plurality of elastic support platforms 5 arranged in an array between the mounting beam 3-1 and the frame bracket 1. The elastic support platform 5 includes two mounting seats 5-1 located at both ends thereof and a shock-absorbing spring 5-2 connected between the two mounting seats 5-1. The two mounting seats 5-1 are respectively used for mounting and fixing to the inner side surface of the mounting beam 3-1 and the outer side surface of the frame bracket 1.

[0044] This design provides a preferred elastic support structure design. The main structure of the elastic support platform 5 includes mounting seats 5-1 respectively fixed to the surfaces of the frame bracket 1 and the mounting beam 3-1 on both sides, and a shock-absorbing spring 5-2 connected between the two mounting seats 5-1, providing elastic support through the shock-absorbing spring 5-2.

[0045] In the technical solution of this embodiment, the elastic support platform 5 further includes an elastic ring 5-3. Through holes penetrating the side surfaces of both mounting seats 5-1 are provided, and the through holes are perpendicular to the length direction of the shock-absorbing spring 5-2. The elastic ring 5-3 is installed through the through holes of the two mounting seats 5-1 respectively to enhance the supporting elastic force of the shock-absorbing spring 5-2.

[0046] This design provides a further optimized elastic support platform 5 design. Based on the structure of the shock-absorbing spring 5-2, an elastic ring 5-3 structure connected to the mounting seats 5-1 at both ends is added. The elastic ring 5-3 structure is connected to the mounting seat 5-1 through a through hole, further enhancing the elasticity of the connection. The elastic ring 5-3 structure compensates for the deficiency of spring support and can not only provide support in the compressed state but also provide tensile elasticity.

[0047] In the technical solution of this embodiment, a support shock absorber 4 is arranged between the inner edge of the frame bracket 1 and the outer side surface of the top platform of the bridge pier pile foundation. The support shock absorber 4 is fixedly filled between the frame bracket 1 and the bridge pier pile foundation. This design optimizes the installation structure according to the installation environment of the anti-collision device itself. By setting the support shock absorber 4 in accordance with the shape of the top of the bridge pier pile foundation and the inner edge of the frame bracket 1, the overall force can be shared, and the external impact can be more evenly distributed to the bridge pier pile foundation.

[0048] Although the present disclosure is disclosed as above, the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and these changes and modifications will all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pier anti-collision device with both guiding and force unloading functions, characterized in that, The invention comprises a frame support (1) installed on a top bearing platform of a pier pile foundation (6), the frame support (1) being polygonal in shape, and having collision parts (2) arranged at two ends of the frame support (1) facing and facing away from the navigation direction of the river, and having guiding parts (3) arranged at two ends of the frame support (1) parallel to the navigation direction of the river, the collision part (2) comprising a plurality of closely arranged deformation energy absorption boxes, and the deformation of the deformation energy absorption boxes offsets the impact force, and the guiding part (3) comprises a plurality of parallel arranged roller mechanisms, and the rotation of the roller mechanisms guides the movement direction of the impact object after the impact to achieve guided buffering.

2. The pier anti-collision device with both guiding and force unloading functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The deformation energy absorption box comprises a forward energy absorption box (2-1) located in the central area of the collision part (2), the forward energy absorption box (2-1) is a square hollow shell, and the side of the forward energy absorption box (2-1) is provided with a plurality of deformation grooves (2-6) distributed in parallel and perpendicular to the collision direction; the deformation energy absorption box also comprises a first lateral energy absorption box (2-2) fitted on both sides of the forward energy absorption box (2-1), the first lateral energy absorption box (2-2) is a trapezoidal hollow shell, and the side thereof is provided with deformation grooves (2-6) perpendicular to the collision direction and parallel to the end inclined surface thereof, and the outer side of the first lateral energy absorption box (2-2) is also fitted with a second lateral energy absorption box (2-3), the second lateral energy absorption box (2-3) is a triangular prism-shaped hollow shell, and the side thereof is provided with deformation grooves (2-6) parallel to the end inclined surface thereof.

3. The pier anti-collision device with both guiding and load unloading functions according to claim 2, characterized in that, The collision portion (2) further comprises a collision end panel (2-5) which is fitted to the collision side end surfaces of the forward energy absorption box (2-1), the first lateral energy absorption box (2-2) and the second lateral energy absorption box (2-3); the central area of the collision end panel (2-5) is straight and perpendicular to the collision direction, and both sides of the collision end panel (2-5) are inclined.

4. The pier anti-collision device with both guiding and force unloading functions according to claim 3, characterized in that, The collision portion (2) further comprises a bottom support plate (2-4) for being mounted and fixed to the base of each of the forward energy absorption boxes (2-1), the first lateral energy absorption box (2-2) and the second lateral energy absorption box (2-3); two ends of the collision end panel (2-5) are fixedly connected to two ends of the bottom support plate (2-4); and the bottom support plate (2-4) is fixedly abutted against the guide portion (3).

5. The pier anti-collision device with both guiding and load unloading functions according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The guide portion (3) comprises mounting beams (3-1) with preset elasticity respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the frame support (1); the roller mechanism comprises a central axis (3-2) and a roller body (3-3) sleeved on the outer periphery of the central axis (3-2); the two ends of the central axis (3-2) are respectively connected to the two mounting beams (3-1); and the roller mechanisms are densely distributed on both sides of the frame support (1).

6. The pier anti-collision device with both guiding and load unloading functions according to claim 5, characterized in that, An elastic support structure is provided between the mounting beam (3-1) and the frame support (1), and is used to elastically transmit the force of the roller mechanism to the frame support (1) through the mounting beam (3-1) and the elastic support structure.

7. The pier anti-collision device with both guiding and force unloading functions according to claim 6, characterized in that, The elastic support structure includes a plurality of elastic support platforms (5) arranged in an array between the mounting beam (3-1) and the frame support (1). The elastic support platform (5) includes two mounting seats (5-1) located at both ends thereof and a shock-absorbing spring (5-2) connected between the two mounting seats (5-1). The two mounting seats (5-1) are respectively used for mounting and fixing to the inner side surface of the mounting beam (3-1) and the outer side surface of the frame support (1).

8. The pier anti-collision device with both guiding and load unloading functions according to claim 7, characterized in that The elastic support platform (5) further includes an elastic ring (5-3). Through holes penetrating the side surfaces are provided on both of the mounting seats (5-1). The through holes are perpendicular to the length direction of the shock-absorbing spring (5-2). The elastic ring (5-3) is installed through the through holes of the two mounting seats (5-1) respectively to enhance the supporting elastic force of the shock-absorbing spring (5-2).

9. The pier anti-collision device with both guiding and load unloading functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, A support shock absorber (4) is provided between the inner edge of the frame support (1) and the outer side surface of the top bearing platform of the bridge pier pile foundation (6). The support shock absorber (4) is fixedly filled between the frame support (1) and the bridge pier pile foundation (6).

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