Long-period vertical variable-stiffness three-dimensional shock insulation support

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of building structural members, and discloses a long-period vertical variable-rigidity three-dimensional shock insulation support which comprises a fixed box, an upper supporting mechanism is movably arranged in the fixed box, and a lower supporting mechanism is arranged between the upper supporting mechanism and the fixed box. The lower supporting mechanism comprises a lower guide rod, the lower guide rod is in sliding contact with the upper supporting mechanism, and the lower guide rod is slidably sleeved with a lower supporting assembly; the upper supporting mechanism comprises a supporting plate arranged in the fixing box in a sliding mode. A plurality of upper supporting assemblies are arranged on the supporting plate; the supporting plate and the fixing box are slidably arranged. The damping device is compact in structure and simple to assemble, has the characteristic of variable stiffness, can be designed with different stiffness under different seismic isolation requirements, can be applied to a wider-frequency-band seismic isolation scene, improves the adaptability, can effectively reduce environmental vibration induced by multiple traffic vibration sources, can effectively isolate horizontal and vertical seismic actions, and has a good application prospect. The method has important significance in the field of engineering shock insulation and shock absorption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of building structural components, and particularly relates to a long-period vertical variable-stiffness three-dimensional isolation bearing. Background Technique

[0002] Under the action of an earthquake, facilities such as houses will be severely damaged, and the post-earthquake building reconstruction requires a great deal of financial, material and human resources. In the field of civil engineering, performance-based seismic research and design have become the current development trend. Under the framework of performance-based design, not only the safety of the structure itself during an earthquake needs to be ensured, but also the comfort of the structure and the safety of non-structural objects are key indicators that need to be considered in the design. With the rapid development of urban rail transit, while bringing convenience to human travel, it also brings a series of comfort problems to the vibration-affected structures such as integrated transportation hub structures. Since the frequency ranges of environmental vibrations induced by various traffic vibration sources are different, it is necessary to develop an efficient vertical vibration isolation technology in a wide frequency band. Moreover, integrated transportation hubs are generally large-span spatial structures with a dense population, and the seismic fortification requirements are relatively high, and the horizontal and vertical acceleration effects of ground motion need to be considered.

[0003] The vertical vibration control of a structure is more difficult than the horizontal vibration control. Since the vertical stiffness of a structure is generally large, ordinary vibration reduction measures (such as various dampers) are difficult to play an effective role. Its complexity is mainly reflected in: the vertical isolation device needs to consider a large vertical load, and while providing a certain isolation period, it is necessary to ensure the stability of the structure under the action of vertical and horizontal loads. The device using a spiral spring for vertical vibration isolation can provide a large stroke and a small stiffness, but at the same time, its obvious defects are insufficient bearing capacity and poor overall stability due to the excessive height of the device. The device using only a single-direction disc spring for vibration isolation can provide reliable bearing capacity, but it is difficult to provide an adequate isolation period due to its excessive stiffness.

[0004] Therefore, this application designs a long-period vertical variable-stiffness three-dimensional isolation bearing to solve the above technical problems. Content of the Utility Model

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the utility model proposes a long-period vertical variable-stiffness three-dimensional isolation bearing.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the utility model provides a long-period vertical variable-stiffness three-dimensional isolation bearing, including a fixed box, in which an upper support mechanism is movably arranged, and a lower support mechanism is arranged between the upper support mechanism and the fixed box;

[0007] The lower support mechanism includes a lower guide rod fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the fixed box. The lower guide rod extends into the upper support mechanism and is in sliding contact with the upper support mechanism. A lower support assembly is slidably sleeved on the lower guide rod, and the lower support assembly is abutted against the upper support mechanism.

[0008] The upper support mechanism includes a support plate slidably arranged in the fixed box. The top end of the lower guide rod extends into the bottom end of the support plate and is slidably arranged with the support plate. A plurality of upper support assemblies are arranged on the support plate.

[0009] The top end of the support plate extends out of the fixed box and is slidably arranged with the fixed box.

[0010] Preferably, the lower support assembly includes a plurality of first disc springs and second disc springs slidably sleeved on the lower guide rod. The top end of the second disc spring abuts against a lower isolation plate slidably sleeved on the lower guide rod. A third disc spring is abutted against the lower isolation plate, and the third disc spring is sleeved on the lower guide rod.

[0011] Preferably, the groove of the first disc spring faces the second disc spring, the groove of the second disc spring faces the first disc spring, and the convex end of the second disc spring abuts against the bottom end of the lower isolation plate.

[0012] Preferably, a first relief groove adapted to the lower isolation plate is opened at the bottom end of the support plate. The lower isolation plate is slidably arranged with the first relief groove, and the third disc spring is abutted between the first relief groove and the lower isolation plate.

[0013] Preferably, the groove of the third disc spring faces the lower isolation plate, and the bottom end of the third disc spring abuts against the top end of the lower isolation plate.

[0014] Preferably, a second relief groove adapted to the lower guide rod is opened at the top end of the first relief groove. The top end of the lower guide rod extends into the second relief groove and is slidably arranged with the second relief groove.

[0015] Preferably, the support plate includes a lifting plate slidably arranged in the fixed box. A support block is fixedly connected to the top end of the lifting plate. The first relief groove and the second relief groove are both opened at the bottom end of the support block. The upper support assemblies are arranged around the support block at equal intervals.

[0016] Preferably, the upper support assembly includes an upper guide rod arranged at the top end of the lifting plate. A plurality of fourth disc springs and a plurality of fifth disc springs are slidably sleeved on the upper guide rod. An upper isolation plate slidably arranged with the upper guide rod is arranged between the plurality of fourth disc springs and the plurality of fifth disc springs.

[0017] Preferably, the fourth disc spring abuts between the lifting rod and the upper isolation plate, and the groove of the fourth disc spring faces the upper isolation plate; the fifth disc spring is arranged between the upper isolation plate and the fixed box, and the groove of the fifth disc spring faces the upper isolation plate.

[0018] Preferably, the fixed box includes a box body, and the lower guide rod is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the inner cavity of the box body; a top plate is arranged at the top of the box body, and a first through groove and a plurality of second through grooves are formed in the top plate. The first through groove is adapted to the support block and is slidably arranged, and the second through groove is adapted to the upper guide rod and is slidably arranged.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages and technical effects: The utility model discloses a long-period vertical variable-stiffness three-dimensional isolation bearing, in which the fixed box is rigidly fixed at the top of the bearing or the base, the upper support structure extends out of the fixed box and is fixed to the building structure that needs to be isolated, and the isolation is realized by the deformation of the disc spring to provide stiffness; due to the characteristic that the disc spring can only provide stiffness when compressed, the existing bearings using disc springs for vertical isolation can only bear vertical pressure. In the utility model, the upper support mechanism bears the tensile force of the building structure during vertical vibration or earthquake, while the lower support mechanism bears the pressure of the building structure during vertical earthquake, vibration and self-weight. The combination of the two enables the device to provide sufficient stiffness under both tensile and compressive conditions, and to a certain extent extends the isolation period of the device while being able to resist tension; the design of the lower support assembly and the upper support assembly forms a variable-stiffness design, which can provide a wider frequency band of vertical stiffness, can effectively reduce the vertical vibration caused by traffic vibration sources or small earthquakes, and can ensure the safety of the structure in the case of large earthquakes; the lower guide rod limits the upper support mechanism and the lower support assembly, so that the two will not produce non-longitudinal deviations, improves the stability of the device, provides sufficient vertical bearing capacity and reduces the risk of overturning of the device during the isolation process; the support plate is arranged between the upper support assembly and the lower support assembly, which can not only be used as the top limit structure of the lower support assembly, but also be used as the bottom support structure of the upper support assembly, so that the elastic stiffness of the device can be automatically adjusted according to the vibration amplitude, and damping materials can be arranged between the guide rod and the movable plate as required to further improve the control ability of the device for high-frequency vibration.

[0020] The utility model has a compact structure and simple assembly, has the characteristic of variable stiffness, can be designed with different stiffnesses under different isolation requirements, can be applied to a wider frequency band of isolation scenarios, improves the adaptability of the shock-absorbing device, can effectively reduce the environmental vibration induced by multiple traffic vibration sources, and can effectively isolate horizontal and vertical seismic actions, which has important significance for the field of engineering seismic isolation and shock absorption. Description of the Drawings

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which form a part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The schematic embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 is the axonometric view of the long-period vertical variable-stiffness three-dimensional isolation bearing of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the long-period vertical variable-stiffness three-dimensional isolation bearing of the present utility model;

[0024] Figure 3 is the schematic diagram of the initial state when the present utility model is under compression;

[0025] Figure 4 is the schematic diagram of the terminal state when the present utility model is under compression;

[0026] Figure 5 is the schematic diagram of the initial state when the present utility model is under tension;

[0027] Figure 6 is the schematic diagram of the terminal state when the present utility model is under tension;

[0028] Figure 7 is the schematic diagram of the laminated combined disc spring group of the present utility model;

[0029] Figure 8 is the schematic diagram of the composite combined disc spring group of the present utility model;

[0030] Figure 9 is the diagram of the relationship between the vertical load and the vertical displacement of the present utility model;

[0031] In the figure: 1. fixed box; 2. lower guide rod; 3. support plate; 4. first disc spring; 5. second disc spring; 6. lower isolation plate; 7. third disc spring; 8. first relief groove; 9. second relief groove; 10. lifting plate; 11. support block; 12. upper guide rod; 13. fourth disc spring; 14. fifth disc spring; 15. upper isolation plate; 16. box body; 17. top plate; 18. first through groove; 19. second through groove; 20. ventilation hole; 21. locking hole; 22. first connection hole; 23. second connection hole. Detailed implementation manners

[0032] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present utility model, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0033] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present utility model more obvious and understandable, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] Refer to Figures 1-9 As shown, this embodiment provides a long-period vertical variable-stiffness three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing, which includes a fixed box 1. An upper support mechanism is movably arranged in the fixed box 1, and a lower support mechanism is arranged between the upper support mechanism and the fixed box 1;

[0035] The lower support mechanism includes a lower guide rod 2 fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the fixed box 1. The lower guide rod 2 extends into the upper support mechanism and is in sliding contact with the upper support mechanism; a lower support assembly is slidably sleeved on the lower guide rod 2, and the lower support assembly is abutted against the upper support mechanism;

[0036] The upper support mechanism includes a support plate 3 slidably arranged in the fixed box 1. The top end of the lower guide rod 2 extends into the bottom end of the support plate 3 and is slidably arranged with the support plate 3; a plurality of upper support assemblies are arranged on the support plate 3;

[0037] The top end of the support plate 3 extends out of the fixed box 1 and is slidably arranged with the fixed box 1.

[0038] The present utility model discloses a long-period vertical variable-stiffness three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing. The fixed box 1 is rigidly fixed at the top of the bearing or the base, and the upper support structure extends out of the fixed box 1 and is fixed to the building structure that needs to be shock-absorbed to achieve shock absorption; the upper support mechanism bears the tensile force of the building structure, while the lower support mechanism bears the pressure of the building structure. The combination of the two realizes that the device can provide sufficient stiffness under both tensile and compressive conditions, improves the seismic isolation period of the device while enabling the device to resist tension; the design of the lower support assembly and the upper support assembly forms a variable-stiffness design, which can provide a wider frequency band of vertical stiffness, can effectively reduce the vertical vibration caused by traffic vibration sources or small earthquakes, and can ensure the safety of the structure under large earthquake conditions; the lower guide rod 2 limits the upper support mechanism and the lower support assembly, so that the two will not produce non-longitudinal deviations, improves the stability of the device, provides sufficient vertical bearing capacity and reduces the risk of the device tipping over during seismic isolation; the support plate 3 is arranged between the upper support assembly and the lower support assembly, which can not only serve as the top limit structure of the lower support assembly, but also serve as the bottom support structure of the upper support assembly, realizing that the elastic stiffness of the device can be automatically adjusted according to the vibration amplitude. The structure of the present utility model is compact and the assembly is simple. It has the characteristics of variable stiffness, can be designed with different stiffnesses under different seismic isolation requirements, can be applied to a wider frequency band of seismic isolation scenarios, improves the adaptability of the shock-absorbing device, can effectively reduce the environmental vibration induced by multiple traffic vibration sources, and can effectively isolate horizontal and vertical seismic actions, which has important significance for the field of engineering seismic isolation and shock absorption.

[0039] For a further optimized solution, the lower support assembly includes a plurality of first disc springs 4 and second disc springs 5 that are slidably sleeved on the lower guide rod 2. The top end of the second disc spring 5 abuts against a lower isolation plate 6 that is slidably sleeved on the lower guide rod 2. A third disc spring 7 abuts against the lower isolation plate 6, and the third disc spring 7 is sleeved on the lower guide rod 2. The groove of the first disc spring 4 faces the second disc spring 5, the groove of the second disc spring 5 faces the first disc spring 4, and the protruding end of the second disc spring 5 abuts against the bottom end of the lower isolation plate 6. The grooves of the plurality of first disc springs 4 and the plurality of second disc springs 5 are arranged oppositely and slide freely along the lower guide rod 2. When subjected to external pressure, the first disc spring 4 and the second disc spring 5 are compressed and deformed to withstand longitudinal vibrations. The top end of the second disc spring 5 is arranged to abut against the bottom end of the lower isolation plate 6. During use, the first disc spring 4, the second disc spring 5, and the lower isolation plate 6 are freely stacked along the lower guide rod 2 to avoid affecting the damping process.

[0040] Furthermore, the number and specifications of the first disc spring 4 and the second disc spring 5 in this embodiment can be selected according to design requirements. Compared with the helical spring, the first disc spring 4 and the second disc spring 5 of this device do not need to be rigidly connected to the device, and only need to be placed one by one from bottom to top according to design requirements.

[0041] For a further optimized solution, a first relief groove 8 adapted to the lower isolation plate 6 is opened at the bottom end of the support plate 3. The lower isolation plate 6 is slidably arranged in the first relief groove 8, and the third disc spring 7 is abutted and arranged between the first relief groove 8 and the lower isolation plate 6. The groove of the third disc spring 7 faces the lower isolation plate 6, and the bottom end of the third disc spring 7 is arranged to abut against the top end of the lower isolation plate 6. A second relief groove 9 adapted to the lower guide rod 2 is opened at the top end of the first relief groove 8. The top end of the lower guide rod 2 extends into the second relief groove 9 and is slidably arranged in the second relief groove 9. A plurality of third disc springs 7 are sleeved on the lower guide rod 2, and their grooves face the lower isolation plate 6 to provide compressive resistance for the device. The second relief groove 9 can limit the position of the support plate 3 and the lower guide rod 2, and at the same time provide space for the lifting of the support plate 3.

[0042] Furthermore, a ventilation hole 20 is opened through the top end of the second relief groove 9, so that when the lower guide rod 2 slides in the second relief groove 9, air is prevented from affecting the effectiveness of the device.

[0043] For a further optimized solution, the support plate 3 includes a lifting plate 10 that is slidably arranged in the fixed box 1. A support block 11 is fixedly connected to the top end of the lifting plate 10. The first relief groove 8 and the second relief groove 9 are both opened at the bottom end of the support block 11. The upper support assembly is arranged around the support block 11 at equal intervals.

[0044] For a further optimized solution, the upper support assembly includes an upper guide rod 12 disposed at the top end of the lifting plate 10. A plurality of fourth disc springs 13 and a plurality of fifth disc springs 14 are slidably sleeved on the upper guide rod 12. An upper isolation plate 15 slidably disposed on the upper guide rod 12 is arranged between the plurality of fourth disc springs 13 and the plurality of fifth disc springs 14. The fourth disc springs 13 are abutted between the lifting rod and the upper isolation plate 15, and the grooves of the fourth disc springs 13 face the upper isolation plate 15. The fifth disc springs 14 are arranged between the upper isolation plate 15 and the fixed box 1, and the grooves of the fifth disc springs 14 face the upper isolation plate 15. The lifting plate 10 serves as the support structure of the upper support assembly, enabling the upper support assembly to be arranged around the support block 11. Thus, a plurality of upper support assemblies provide stable and uniform tensile capacity, and the number and arrangement interval of the upper support assemblies can be selected according to the shock absorption requirements.

[0045] Further, the cross-section of the support block 11 is adapted to the cross-section of the building structure.

[0046] For a further optimized solution, the fixed box 1 includes a box body 16. The lower guide rod 2 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the inner cavity of the box body 16. The top end of the box body 16 is provided with a top plate 17. A first through groove 18 and a plurality of second through grooves 19 are formed in the top plate 17. The first through groove 18 is adapted to the support block 11 and is slidably arranged, and the second through groove 19 is adapted to the upper guide rod 12 and is slidably arranged. The upper isolation plate 15 freely slides on the upper guide rod 12. The grooves of the fourth disc springs 13 and the fifth disc springs 14 face the upper isolation plate 15 and are freely placed on the upper guide rod 12 to achieve automatic variable stiffness compression of the device.

[0047] The structure of the device is mainly arranged in the box body 16, improving the protection performance. The first through groove 18 and the second through groove 19 formed in the top plate 17 mainly facilitate the passage of the support block 11 and the upper guide rod 12, preventing the influence on the vibration absorption of the device.

[0048] Further, a plurality of first connection holes 22 are provided at the top end of the box body 16, facilitating the rigid connection with the box body 16 through the locking holes 21 correspondingly arranged on the top plate 17.

[0049] Further, a plurality of second connection holes 23 are provided at the bottom end of the box body 16, facilitating the rigid connection with the top of the foundation or the upper part of the rubber bearing.

[0050] Further, the number and arrangement of the first connection holes 22 and the second connection holes 23 are selected according to actual requirements.

[0051] Specific implementation method:

[0052] S1, Confirm dimensions: Based on the self-weight of the upper structure, the expected seismic isolation stiffness, the column dimensions, determine the sizes and quantities of various types of disc springs, the dimensions of the box body 16, the dimensions of the guide rods, the dimensions of the support plate 3, and the hole dimensions on the top plate 17.

[0053] S2, Prefabrication in factory: Laser cutting or other cutting methods are used for opening holes in steel plates. Various disc springs are made according to the selected models. The holes on the top plate 17 should ensure that the upper guide rod 12 and the support block 11 can freely pass through the upper surface of the top plate 17.

[0054] S3, Component assembly: The box body 16 is fixed on the top of the rubber bearing. Place the first disc spring 4, the second disc spring 5, the lower isolation plate 6, and the third disc spring 7 along the lower guide rod 2. Put the support plate 3 into the box body 16. Place the fourth disc spring 13, the upper isolation plate 15, and the fifth disc spring 14 along the upper guide rod 12. Finally, fix the top plate 17 on the box body 16.

[0055] S4, Rules for selecting disc springs: The fourth disc spring 13 and the fifth disc spring 14, as the "tension" disc springs, are calculated in four groups in parallel to ensure that the stiffness after parallel calculation corresponds to the stiffness of the compression disc springs; select suitable disc springs in the national standard for stiffness design.

[0056] S6, The effective stroke distance of the second relief groove 9 needs to be greater than the deformation stroke of the device when it is flattened from the free state. The distance that the "tension" disc spring guide rod exceeds the top plate 17 needs to be greater than the deformation stroke of the device when the "compression" disc spring composed of the first disc spring 4, the second disc spring 5, and the third disc spring 7 is flattened.

[0057] S6, Consider the self-weight of the upper structure: The stroke of the first-stage compression device can be increased. For example, if the self-weight of the structure is 10 kN and the stiffness of the first-stage compression is 10 kN / mm, then the stroke of the first-stage compression is increased by 2 mm by selecting appropriate disc springs.

[0058] When under compression, refer to the appendix Figure 3 As shown, the first disc spring 4, the second disc spring 5, and the third disc spring 7 are under pressure and thus change. At this time, the first disc spring 4, the second disc spring 5, and the third disc spring 7 are in series to make the device provide a smaller vertical stiffness to isolate the vertical vibration caused by the subway or small earthquakes. When the pressure continues to increase, refer to the appendix Figure 4 As shown, the first disc spring 4 and the second disc spring 5 are flattened and withdrawn from work. At this time, the third disc spring works alone to make the device provide a larger vertical stiffness to isolate the vertical vibration caused by earthquakes.

[0059] When under tension, refer to the appendix Figure 5As shown, the fourth conical spring 13 and the fifth conical spring 14 are connected in series so that the device provides a smaller vertical stiffness to isolate the vertical vibration caused by the subway or small earthquake; when the received tensile force continues to increase, refer to the appendix Figure 6 As shown, the fifth conical spring 14 is flattened and withdrawn from work. At this time, the fourth conical spring 13 works alone so that the device provides a larger vertical stiffness to isolate the vertical vibration caused by the earthquake.

[0060] Furthermore, the ratio of the vertical acceleration of the seismic isolation structure to the vertical acceleration of the ground in this embodiment is:

[0061]

[0062] β is the ratio of the ground site characteristic frequency to the structural natural frequency, β = ω / ω v ;

[0063] When the ratio of the ground site characteristic frequency to the structural natural frequency , the vertical acceleration transmissibility T of the seismic isolation structure v <1, then the seismic isolation is effective.

[0064] Furthermore, refer to the appendix Figure 7 As shown, the laminated combined conical spring group is composed of n conical springs with the same direction and the same specifications. The load value of the conical spring group is determined by the number of laminated sheets. If the friction force is not considered:

[0065]

[0066] Furthermore, refer to the appendix Figure 8 As shown, the composite combined conical spring group is composed of i laminated conical spring groups with the same specifications. The load value of the conical spring group is determined by the number of laminated sheets n, and the total deformable amount is determined by the number of butted sheets i. If the friction force is not considered:

[0067]

[0068] In the above formulas (1) and (2), F z - The load of the laminated combined conical spring group; F - The load of a single conical spring; f z - The deformation of the laminated combined conical spring group; f - The deformation of a single conical spring; H z - The free height of the laminated combined conical spring group; H0 - The free height of a single conical spring; t - The thickness of a single conical spring.

[0069] The compressive vertical stiffness K of the vertical variable stiffness seismic isolation bearing d The calculation formula is as follows:

[0070]

[0071] Where: K1 is the vertical stiffness of the lower disc spring group; K2 is the vertical stiffness of the upper disc spring group. The tensile vertical stiffness K of the vertical variable stiffness vibration isolation bearing t The calculation formula is as follows:

[0072]

[0073] Where: K3 is the vertical stiffness of the lower disc spring group; K4 is the vertical stiffness of the upper disc spring group.

[0074] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0075] The above-described embodiments are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional isolation bearing with variable vertical stiffness in the long period, characterized in that: It comprises a fixed box (1), an upper supporting mechanism is movably arranged in the fixed box (1), and a lower supporting mechanism is arranged between the upper supporting mechanism and the fixed box (1); The lower support mechanism comprises a lower guide rod (2) fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the fixed box (1), the lower guide rod (2) extending into the upper support mechanism and in sliding contact with the upper support mechanism; a lower support component is slidably sleeved on the lower guide rod (2), and the lower support component is arranged in contact with the upper support mechanism; The upper support mechanism comprises a support plate (3) slidably arranged in the fixed box (1); the top end of the lower guide rod (2) extends into the bottom end of the support plate (3) and is slidably arranged with the support plate (3); a plurality of upper support components are arranged on the support plate (3); The top end of the support plate (3) extends out of the fixing box (1) and is slidably arranged with the fixing box (1).

2. The long-period vertical variable-stiffness three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower support assembly comprises a plurality of first disc springs (4) and second disc springs (5) which are slidably mounted on the lower guide rod (2); the top end of the second disc spring (5) abuts against a lower isolation plate (6) which is slidably mounted on the lower guide rod (2); a third disc spring (7) abuts against the lower isolation plate (6); the third disc spring (7) is mounted on the lower guide rod (2).

3. The long-period vertical variable-stiffness three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The groove of the first disc spring (4) faces the second disc spring (5), the groove of the second disc spring (5) faces the first disc spring (4), and the raised end of the second disc spring (5) abuts against the bottom end of the lower isolation plate (6).

4. The long-period vertical variable-stiffness three-dimensional isolation bearing according to claim 2, wherein: The bottom end of the support plate (3) is provided with a first clearance groove (8) adapted to the lower isolation plate (6); the lower isolation plate (6) and the first clearance groove (8) are slidably arranged; and the third disc spring (7) is abuttedly arranged between the first clearance groove (8) and the lower isolation plate (6).

5. The long-period vertical variable stiffness three-dimensional isolation bearing according to claim 4, characterized in that: The groove of the third disc spring (7) faces the lower isolation plate (6), and the bottom end of the third disc spring (7) is arranged in abutment with the top end of the lower isolation plate (6).

6. The long-period vertical variable stiffness three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to claim 4, characterized in that: A second paving groove (9) adapted to the lower guide rod (2) is provided at the top end of the first paving groove (8), and the top end of the lower guide rod (2) extends into the second paving groove (9) and is slidably arranged with the second paving groove (9).

7. The long-period vertical variable-stiffness three-dimensional isolation bearing according to claim 6, characterized in that: The support plate (3) comprises a lifting plate (10) slidably arranged in the fixed box (1); the top end of the lifting plate (10) is fixedly connected to a support block (11); the first clearance groove (8) and the second clearance groove (9) are both arranged at the bottom end of the support block (11); and the upper support assembly is arranged around the support block (11) at equal intervals.

8. The long-period vertical variable-stiffness three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to claim 7, wherein: The upper support assembly includes an upper guide rod (12) arranged at the top end of the lifting plate (10). A plurality of fourth disc springs (13) and a plurality of fifth disc springs (14) are slidably sleeved on the upper guide rod (12). An upper isolation plate (15) slidably arranged with the upper guide rod (12) is arranged between the plurality of fourth disc springs (13) and the plurality of fifth disc springs (14).

9. The long-period vertical variable stiffness three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fourth disc spring (13) abuts between the lifting plate (10) and the upper isolation plate (15), and the groove of the fourth disc spring (13) faces the upper isolation plate (15); the fifth disc spring (14) is arranged between the upper isolation plate (15) and the fixed box (1), and the groove of the fifth disc spring (14) faces the upper isolation plate (15).

10. The long-period vertical variable-stiffness three-dimensional isolation bearing according to claim 9, characterized in that: The fixed box (1) includes a box body (16). The lower guide rod (2) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the inner cavity of the box body (16); a top plate (17) is arranged at the top end of the box body (16). A first through groove (18) and a plurality of second through grooves (19) are formed in the top plate (17). The first through groove (18) is adapted to and slidably arranged with the support block (11), and the second through groove (19) is adapted to and slidably arranged with the upper guide rod (12).

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