Machine for intensively deeply burying straw and returning straw to field in black soil area of northeast China
Through the concentrated deep burial and return straw in the black soil area in Northeast China, the ditches and drainage device with deep pine handles and bionic sleeves is used to solve the problem of insufficient depth of straw in the field, the deep burial of straw and soil fertilization are achieved, and agricultural production capacity is improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421752725.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-18
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-07-24
AI Technical Summary
The black soil in Northeast China has reduced the fertility due to the highly intensive development, and the straw return method is insufficient to return the field, which affects the quality of seedlings and seedlings in the next crop. The problem of straw burning is serious, and the existing straw return technology is difficult to achieve high-quality and efficient utilization.
A machine for concentrated straw burial and return to the field in the black soil area in Northeast China is designed, and a ditches and drainage device composed of deep pine handles and bionic sleeves are used to break the soil to form narrow grooves and widen it. The bionic sleeves are used to support the straw to fall into the depths, and the deep burial of straw is achieved by combining crushing and conveying devices.
The deep burial of straw has been achieved, soil disturbance has been reduced, soil fertility has been improved, straw burning problem has been solved, and agricultural production capacity and sustainable development have been improved.
Smart Images
Figure CN223110565U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of straw returning machines and tools, and particularly relates to a straw centralized deep burying and returning machine and tool for the black soil area in Northeast China. Background Art
[0002] The black soil area in Northeast China is an important grain production base in China. The highly intensive development and utilization have led to the situation of "quantity reduction and quality decline" of cultivated land in this area, seriously affecting the comprehensive grain production capacity and the sustainable development of agriculture. Straw returning to the field is an effective way to improve soil fertility. Reasonable straw returning to the field can improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, and ensure high and stable crop yields. However, the current widely used straw returning methods such as covering and mixing and crushing have problems such as affecting the sowing and emergence quality of the next crop and competing with crops for nitrogen, making it difficult to achieve high-quality and efficient utilization of straw resources, restricting the large-scale popularization and application of straw returning technology, and making the problem of straw burning in Northeast China still very prominent.
[0003] In view of the problems of the decline of soil fertility in the black soil area of Northeast China, "becoming thinner, harder, and less fertile", waste of straw resources and burning pollution, as well as the current situation that the traditional straw returning methods have insufficient returning depth, affecting the sowing and emergence quality of the next crop, competing with crops for nitrogen, and serious pests and diseases, the innovation of straw deep returning technology, key machines and tools, and the construction of an efficient tillage and cultivation mode are the keys to solving the above problems.
[0004] The black soil in Northeast China is hard, high in viscosity, and large in power consumption. There is an urgent need to invent a straw crushing, centralized, and full-depth deep returning machine that can complete operations such as straw picking up, crushing, conveying, deep loosening and trenching, centralized burying, and soil crushing and compaction at one time, and can bury multiple rows of standing or crushed straw into a trench with a depth of 380 - 400 mm below the ground surface under the condition of effectively reducing soil disturbance. Summary of the Utility Model
[0005] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the utility model provides a straw centralized deep burying and returning machine and tool for the black soil area in Northeast China. By using a subsoiling shank to break the soil, a narrow ditch is formed by breaking the relatively hard soil, and then a bionic sleeve is used to expand the narrow ditch and further widen it. When the crushed straw falls into the ditch along the feeding chamber, the bionic sleeve plays a supporting role, avoiding the rebound of the formed ditch, ensuring that the straw can fall into the deep part of the ditch to form deep burial, and playing a better role in soil fertilization.
[0006] The specific technical solution adopted by the utility model is as follows:
[0007] A machine for concentrated deep burial and returning straw to fields in the black soil region of Northeast China comprises a frame and a vehicle body driving the frame forward, wherein the frame is provided with a picking device, a crushing device, a covering wheel and a crushing and pressing wheel in sequence along the forward direction, the picking device picks up the straw and conveys it to the crushing device for crushing, the crushing device comprises a crushing chamber and a crushing knife group located in the crushing chamber, a drop pipe is provided at the output end of the crushing chamber, a trenching and evacuation device is further provided under the frame, the trenching and evacuation device comprises a deep loosening handle and a bionic sleeve, the deep loosening handle is located in front of the bionic sleeve, the deep loosening handle is fixedly connected to the bionic sleeve and the frame, the bionic sleeve extends into the trench opened by the deep loosening handle, the barrel cavity of the bionic sleeve forms a drop chamber and is connected with the crushing chamber by means of the drop pipe.
[0008] The deep loosening handle is in the shape of a "丿" arc, and the inner arc surface of the deep loosening handle is in the shape of a blade-like wedge. The front end of the deep loosening handle is also provided with a trenching claw inclined along the forward direction, and the trenching claw is in the shape of a sheet wedge at the far end away from the deep loosening handle.
[0009] The inclined surface of the ditching claw forms an angle of 23-30° with the horizontal plane.
[0010] The upper surface of the ditching claw is also provided with transverse raised drag reduction stripes, and multiple groups of the drag reduction stripes are arranged along the inclined surface of the ditching claw. The drag reduction stripes are raised 1-1.5mm from the surface of the ditching claw, and the interval between adjacent drag reduction stripes is 10-15mm.
[0011] The bionic sleeve is in a prismatic structure, the prismatic tip of the bionic sleeve faces the advancing direction, and a pressure relief hole is arranged on the side of the bionic sleeve facing away from the advancing direction.
[0012] The picking device includes a picking shaft and a hammer claw arranged in a ring shape on the picking shaft. The hammer claw is arranged in multiple groups along the axial direction of the picking shaft. The hammer claw is in an arc structure. The concave surface of the hammer claw faces the rotation direction of the picking shaft. The bending angle of the hammer claw is 125-135°. The picking shaft rotates clockwise, and the hammer claw pushes the straw toward the crushing device with the help of the rotation of the picking shaft.
[0013] A guide plate is arranged between the picking device and the crushing device, and the straw slides along the guide plate toward the input end of the crushing device with the help of the hammer claw.
[0014] The frame is also provided with a screw conveying device, which includes a screw conveying shaft and a supporting groove located below the screw conveying shaft. The straw is input into the supporting groove by means of the picking shaft, and the straw in the supporting groove is sent to the crushing chamber for crushing by means of the screw conveying shaft.
[0015] A straw diversion and anti-falling shaft is also arranged between the spiral conveying shaft and the picking shaft. The straw diversion and anti-falling shaft has the same rotation direction as the picking shaft. A plurality of groups of grass-pulling blades are arranged in a ring shape on the straw diversion and anti-falling shaft. The straw between the spiral conveying shaft and the picking shaft is lifted by the straw diversion and anti-falling shaft and is sent into the supporting groove by the pushing of the grass-pulling blades.
[0016] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
[0017] 1. The utility model is additionally provided with a trenching and escaping device. During the trenching process, a deep loosening handle is used to break the soil, break the harder soil to form a narrow trench, and then a bionic sleeve is used to prop up the narrow trench and further widen the trench. When the crushed straw falls into the trench along the dropping chamber, the bionic sleeve plays a supporting role, avoiding the rebound of the formed trench, ensuring that the straw can fall into the depth of the trench to form deep burial, and play a better role in soil fertilization.
[0018] 2. Since the soil viscosity in the black soil area of Northeast China is high, the surface of the trenching claws is easily adhered to by the high-viscosity soil during the trenching claws breaking the soil, thereby affecting the trenching effect of the trenching claws. Therefore, in the utility model, drag-reducing stripes are arranged on the surface of the trenching claws, and the adhesion between the soil and the trenching claws is reduced through the irregular surface, so that the soil on the surface of the trenching claws can be easily fallen off. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the utility model;
[0020] Figure 2 It is a side structural schematic diagram of the utility model;
[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the top view structure of the utility model;
[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the trenching and injection device;
[0023] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the top view of the bionic sleeve;
[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the bionic sleeve;
[0025] Figure 7 for Figure 2 An enlarged schematic diagram of Figure 9;
[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the hammer claw;
[0027] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the hammer claw;
[0028] In the attached drawings, 1 is the frame, 2 is the soil covering wheel, 3 is the soil crushing and compacting wheel, 4 is the crushing chamber, 5 is the crushing knife group, 6 is the blanking pipe, 7 is the subsoiling shank, 8 is the bionic sleeve, 9 is the ditching claw, 10 is the drag reduction stripe, 11 is the pickup shaft, 12 is the hammer claw, 13 is the deflector, 14 is the screw conveyor shaft, 15 is the supporting groove, 16 is the straw guiding and anti-falling shaft, 17 is the weed sweeping blade, 18 is the pressure relief hole. Detailed implementation mode
[0029] The present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the attached drawings and specific embodiments:
[0030] Specific embodiments are as Figures 1-6 As shown, the present utility model provides a straw centralized deep burial and returning machine for the black soil area in Northeast China, including a frame 1 and a vehicle body for driving the frame 1 to move forward. The frame 1 is sequentially provided with a pickup device, a crushing device, a soil covering wheel 2 and a soil crushing and compacting wheel 3 along the forward direction. The pickup device picks up straw and conveys it to the crushing device for crushing. The crushing device includes a crushing chamber 4 and a crushing knife group 5 located in the crushing chamber 4. A blanking pipe 6 is arranged at the output end of the crushing chamber 4. A ditching and injecting device is also arranged below the frame 1. The ditching and injecting device includes a subsoiling shank 7 and a bionic sleeve 8. The subsoiling shank 7 is located in front of the bionic sleeve 8. The subsoiling shank 7 is fixedly connected to the bionic sleeve 8 and the frame 1. The bionic sleeve 8 extends into the ditch dug by the subsoiling shank 7. The cavity of the bionic sleeve 8 forms a blanking chamber and is connected to the crushing chamber 4 by means of the blanking pipe 6.
[0031] Since a deep black humus layer will be formed in the black soil area of Northeast China, the soil in the humus layer is hard and has high viscosity, and the soil also has resilience. In the ditch dug by the ditching mechanism of the straw returning machine, part of the soil will fall back into the ditch, resulting in a small space for straw landfill, and the straw cannot be landfilled deep into the soil.
[0032] Therefore, a ditching and injecting device is additionally provided in the present utility model. During the ditching process, the subsoiling shank 7 is used to break the soil, breaking the harder soil to form a relatively narrow ditch. Then, the bionic sleeve 8 is used to expand the relatively narrow ditch and further widen the ditch. When the crushed straw falls into the ditch along the blanking chamber, the bionic sleeve 8 plays a supporting role, preventing the formed ditch from rebounding, ensuring that the straw can fall deep into the ditch to form deep burial, and playing a better role in soil fertilization. The straw returning machine of the present utility model can complete operations such as straw pickup, crushing, conveying, deep subsoiling ditching, centralized injecting and burying, and soil crushing and compacting at one time. Under the condition of effectively reducing soil disturbance, it can concentrate and bury multiple rows of standing or crushed straw into a ditch with a depth of 380 - 400 mm below the ground surface.
[0033] Such as Figure 2 、 Figure 4 And Figure 6As shown, the deep loosening handle 7 is in an arc-shaped structure with the shape of the Chinese character "丿". The inner arc surface of the deep loosening handle 7 is in a blade-like wedge-shaped structure. The front end of the deep loosening handle 7 is also provided with a trenching claw 9 inclined along the forward direction. The far end of the trenching claw 9 away from the deep loosening handle 7 is in a sheet-like wedge-shaped structure. The front end of the blade-shaped deep loosening handle 7 is sharper, so that the soil can be easily broken. The trenching claw 9 can further improve the breaking ability of hard soil. Moreover, the trenching claw 9 and the deep loosening handle 7 are fixed by detachable bolts. The wear of the trenching claw 9 is relatively high, and bolt fixing makes replacement more convenient.
[0034] like Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, the inclined surface of the trenching claw 9 is at an angle of 20-25° to the horizontal plane. If the tip of the trenching shovel is set horizontally, it is easy to collide with large stones and cause damage, so it is set in an inclined state.
[0035] like Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown, the upper surface of the trenching claw 9 is also provided with transverse drag reducing stripes 10, and multiple groups of the drag reducing stripes 10 are arranged along the inclined surface of the trenching claw 9. The drag reducing stripes 10 protrude 10 from the surface of the trenching claw 9 by 1-1.5 mm, and the intervals between adjacent drag reducing stripes 10 are 10-15 mm. Since the soil viscosity in the black soil area of Northeast China is high, the surface of the trenching claw 9 is easily adhered by the high-viscosity soil during the process of the trenching claw 9 breaking the soil, thereby affecting the trenching effect of the trenching claw 9. Therefore, the drag reducing stripes 10 are arranged on the surface of the trenching claw 9, and the adhesion between the soil and the trenching claw 9 is reduced through the irregular surface, so that the soil on the surface of the trenching claw 9 can be easily fallen off.
[0036] like Figures 4-6 As shown, the bionic sleeve 8 is of a prismatic structure, with the prismatic tip of the bionic sleeve 8 facing the forward direction, and a pressure relief hole 18 is provided on the side of the bionic sleeve 8 facing away from the forward direction. The prismatic tip of the bionic sleeve 8 can reduce drag, so that the bionic sleeve 8 can move forward smoothly in the harder and stickier black soil. In addition, a fan is provided at the crushing chamber 4, and the wind force generated by the fan is used to pressurize the crushed straw to be discharged along the drop pipe 6. However, since the bionic sleeve 8 extends into the soil, the pressure in the barrel of the bionic sleeve 8 may be too high, which may cause the crushed straw to fail to fall smoothly. Therefore, a pressure relief hole 18 is provided on the back of the bionic sleeve 8 for pressure relief. At the same time, excessive wind pressure will cause the crushed straw to splash again after falling to the ground. Reducing the pressure in the barrel through the pressure relief hole 18 can prevent the crushed straw from splashing.
[0037] like Figure 2 and Figures 8-9As shown, the picking device includes a picking shaft 11 and a hammer claw 12 arranged in a ring shape on the picking shaft 11. The hammer claw 12 is arranged in multiple groups along the axial direction of the picking shaft 11. The hammer claw 12 is an arc-shaped structure, and the concave surface of the hammer claw 12 faces the rotation direction of the picking shaft 11. The bending angle of the hammer claw 12 is 125-135°. The picking shaft 11 rotates clockwise. The hammer claw 12 pushes the straw to the crushing device with the help of the rotation of the picking shaft 11. A cover shell is also buckled above the picking shaft 11. The gap between the hammer claw 12 and the cover shell forms a feeding channel. The high-speed rotation of the hammer claw 12 forms a centrifugal force and throws the straw in the soil along the feeding channel to the input end of the crushing device. Since the Northeast Black Soil Area mostly adopts the ridge farming method, there will be a lot of straw left in the ridge ditch. The straw in the ridge ditch can be cleaned by hooking the wider hammer claw 12.
[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, a guide plate 13 is provided between the picking device and the crushing device. The straw slides along the guide plate 13 toward the input end of the crushing device with the help of the hammer claw 12. The guide plate 13 plays a guiding role. The picking device accurately throws the straw to the input end of the crushing device with the help of the guide plate 13.
[0039] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the frame 1 is also provided with a screw conveying device, which includes a screw conveying shaft 14 and a supporting groove 15 located below the screw conveying shaft 14. The straw is input into the supporting groove 15 by means of the picking shaft 11, and the straw in the supporting groove 15 is sent to the crushing chamber 4 for crushing by means of the screw conveying shaft 14. The chamber formed by the supporting groove 15 is the feeding end of the crushing device. Since in the process of returning the straw to the field, the straw in a wider section of soil needs to be concentrated and deeply buried in a narrower planting area, a screw conveying device is provided. By respectively arranging the screw conveying shafts 14 on both sides of the crushing chamber 4, the two groups of screw conveying shafts 14 convey the straw in the supporting groove 15 to the middle crushing chamber 4 for crushing, and the crushed straw falls along the drop pipe 6 to the center of the ditch to form a planting area.
[0040] like Figures 1-2 As shown, a straw diversion and anti-falling shaft 16 is also provided between the spiral conveying shaft 14 and the picking shaft 11. The straw diversion and anti-falling shaft 16 has the same rotation direction as the picking shaft 11, and a plurality of groups of grass-pulling blades 17 are arranged in a ring shape on the straw diversion and anti-falling shaft 16. The straw between the spiral conveying shaft 14 and the picking shaft 11 is lifted by the straw diversion and anti-falling shaft 16 and is sent into the supporting groove 15 by the pushing of the grass-pulling blades 17. Since the distance between the spiral conveying shaft 14 and the picking shaft 11 is relatively long, in order to prevent the hammer claw 12 from forming a small centrifugal force and preventing the straw from being thrown into the supporting groove 15, the utility model is also provided with a straw diversion and anti-falling shaft 16, which is used to lift the straw, and the grass-pulling blades 17 are used to push the straw into the supporting groove 15.
Claims
1. A straw centralized deep burial and returning machine for the black soil area in Northeast China, comprising a frame (1) and a vehicle body for driving the frame (1) to move forward. Along the forward direction, a picking device, a crushing device, a soil covering wheel (2) and a soil crushing and compacting wheel (3) are sequentially arranged on the frame (1). The picking device picks up straws and conveys them to the crushing device for crushing. The crushing device includes a crushing chamber (4) and a crushing knife group (5) located in the crushing chamber (4). A blanking pipe (6) is arranged at the output end of the crushing chamber (4), and it is characterized in that, A trenching and injection device is also provided below the frame (1), and the trenching and injection device comprises a deep loosening handle (7) and a bionic sleeve (8). The deep loosening handle (7) is located in front of the bionic sleeve (8), and the deep loosening handle (7) is fixedly connected to the bionic sleeve (8) and the frame (1). The bionic sleeve (8) extends into the trench opened by the deep loosening handle (7), and the barrel cavity of the bionic sleeve (8) forms a material dropping chamber and is connected to the crushing chamber (4) by means of a material dropping pipe (6).
2. The straw centralized deep burial and returning-to-field implement for the black soil area in Northeast China according to claim 1, characterized in that, The deep loosening handle (7) is in the shape of a "丿" arc, the inner arc surface of the deep loosening handle (7) is in the shape of a blade-like wedge, the front end of the deep loosening handle (7) is also provided with a trenching claw (9) inclined along the advancing direction, and the far end of the trenching claw (9) away from the deep loosening handle (7) is in the shape of a sheet-like wedge.
3. The straw centralized deep burial returning tillage implement in the Northeast black soil area according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inclined surface of the ditching claw (9) forms an angle of 23-30° with the horizontal plane.
4. The straw centralized deep burial returning tillage implement for the black soil area in Northeast China according to claim 2, characterized in that The upper surface of the trenching claw (9) is also provided with transverse drag reduction stripes (10), and a plurality of groups of the drag reduction stripes (10) are provided along the inclined surface of the trenching claw (9), the drag reduction stripes (10) protrude 1-1.5 mm from the surface of the trenching claw (9), and adjacent drag reduction stripes (10) are spaced 10-15 mm apart.
5. A straw centralized deep burial returning machine for the black soil area in Northeast China according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bionic sleeve (8) has a prismatic structure, the prismatic tip of the bionic sleeve (8) faces the advancing direction, and a pressure relief hole (18) is provided on a side of the bionic sleeve (8) facing away from the advancing direction.
6. A straw centralized deep burial and returning-to-field implement for the Northeast black soil region according to claim 1, characterized in that, The picking device comprises a picking shaft (11) and hammer claws (12) arranged in an annular shape on the picking shaft (11); a plurality of hammer claws (12) are arranged along the axial direction of the picking shaft (11); the hammer claws (12) are in an arc-shaped structure; the concave surface of the hammer claws (12) faces the rotation direction of the picking shaft (11); the bending angle of the hammer claws (12) is 125-135 degrees; the picking shaft (11) rotates clockwise, and the hammer claws (12) push the straw toward the crushing device with the help of the rotation of the picking shaft (11).
7. The straw centralized deep burial and returning-to-field implement for the Northeast black soil region according to claim 6, characterized in that, A guide plate (13) is arranged between the picking device and the crushing device, and the straw slides along the guide plate (13) toward the input end of the crushing device by means of the movement of the hammer claw (12).
8. A straw centralized deep burial and returning-to-field implement for the black soil area in Northeast China according to claim 6, characterized in that, The frame (1) is also provided with a screw conveying device, which comprises a screw conveying shaft (14) and a supporting groove (15) located below the screw conveying shaft (14); the straw is input into the supporting groove (15) by means of a picking shaft (11); and the straw in the supporting groove (15) is sent to the crushing chamber (4) for crushing by means of the screw conveying shaft (14).
9. A straw centralized deep burial returning machine for the black soil area in Northeast China according to claim 8, characterized in that, A straw guide and anti-drop shaft (16) is also provided between the spiral conveying shaft (14) and the picking shaft (11). The straw guide and anti-drop shaft (16) rotate in the same direction as the picking shaft (11). A plurality of groups of grass-pulling blades (17) are provided in an annular shape on the straw guide and anti-drop shaft (16). The straw between the spiral conveying shaft (14) and the picking shaft (11) is lifted by the straw guide and anti-drop shaft (16) and is sent into the supporting groove (15) by the movement of the grass-pulling blades (17).