Crop film mulching mechanism with adjustable soil covering and punching spacing

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of agricultural science and technology, and discloses a crop film mulching mechanism with adjustable soil covering and punching spacing, which comprises a film mulching module, a soil covering module, a punching module and a moving platform, the moving platform is arranged below the mechanism and is used for driving the mechanism and providing power for other working modules of the mechanism, and the moving platform is arranged below the mechanism. The control panel adjusts the rotating speed of the soil covering crawler belt and the reciprocating frequency of the guide rail and can adjust the distance between soil blocks and punched holes during film mulching, so that the requirements of different crops on plant spacing are met; a sleeve arranged on the soil lifting auger can adjust the depth of a longitudinal soil lifting opening inserted into the earth surface, so that the soil lifting auger adapts to the characteristics of soil with different properties, and enough soil enters the auger; a soil dividing plate, a scraping plate and a belt which are arranged on a soil covering crawler belt of the soil covering module realize uniform distribution and shaping of the soil, so that the soil pressed on a mulching film is uniformly distributed during soil covering; the number of conical heads can be freely adjusted through the fixed design of bolts and sliding rails of the punching module, and therefore the punching line spacing can be adjusted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of agricultural devices, and particularly relates to a crop film covering mechanism with adjustable spacing between soil covering and punching. Background Art

[0002] In the field of agricultural planting, after the land is covered with a film, subsequent punching operations are also required so that the seeds can easily drill out from the punched holes on the film after germination. Currently, most film covering mechanisms do not have the punching function. Existing film covering mechanisms, such as CN208286019U, fail to control the spacing between soil clods during the soil covering process, which easily causes the phenomenon of missed soil covering during the film covering process. Moreover, the soil layer is not fixed, and the row spacing and plant spacing of punching cannot be adjusted, which affects the pressing effect of the device on the film during soil covering and cannot adjust the punching plant spacing and row spacing according to the punching requirements of different crops, resulting in low versatility. In addition, most current film covering mechanisms are of traction design, with inflexible movement and requiring manual operation and control, and have a low degree of intelligence.

[0003] Therefore, designing a crop film covering mechanism that can adjust the spacing between soil covering clods, simultaneously achieve uniform distribution of the soil layer, and adjustable row spacing and plant spacing of punching is urgently needed in the current market. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a crop film covering mechanism with adjustable spacing between soil covering and punching to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A crop film covering mechanism with adjustable spacing between soil covering and punching includes a film covering module, a soil covering module, a punching module, and a moving platform. The film covering module is arranged directly below the soil covering module, and the punching module is arranged below the front end of the film covering module; the moving platform is arranged below the mechanism.

[0007] The film covering module includes a film outlet shaft, a film covering track, and a film pressing shaft. The film outlet shaft is arranged at the front end of the mechanism and is located below the film covering track; the film covering track is arranged below the soil covering track; the film pressing shaft is located at the rear end of the mechanism and is arranged below the soil dropping plate.

[0008] The soil covering module includes soil lifting rods, soil transporting rods, a soil covering track, and a soil dropping plate. The soil lifting rods are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the front end of the mechanism. The soil transporting rods are horizontally arranged at the front end of the mechanism and are provided with sleeves. The sleeves are detachable and are in interference connection with the soil transporting rods. The lower end of the sleeve is provided with bolts for fixing to the frame. The longitudinal soil dropping port of the soil lifting rod is arranged above the transverse soil lifting port of the soil transporting rod. The soil covering track includes a scraping plate, a soil dividing plate, and a belt. The scraping plate is arranged above the soil covering track; the soil dividing plates are arranged in an array in the middle of the soil covering track; the belts are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the soil covering track.

[0009] The punching module includes a guide rail, a slide rail, a bolt and a tapered head. The guide rails are symmetrically arranged at the front end of the mechanism and are axially connected to the mechanism. The slide rail is arranged on the rod where the guide rail is located. The bolt and the tapered head are fixedly connected.

[0010] As a further solution of the present utility model: The film covering crawler and the soil covering crawler are driven by an internal motor, and the control panel adjusts the rotation speed of the soil covering crawler and the up and down movement frequency of the guide rail.

[0011] As a further solution of the present utility model: The soil dividing plates are arranged in an array on the surface of the soil covering crawler and are fixedly connected to the soil covering crawler. The lower end of the scraper is attached to the upper end of the soil dividing plate.

[0012] As a further solution of the present utility model: The belt is nested at both ends of the soil covering crawler and moves synchronously with the soil covering crawler.

[0013] As a further solution of the present utility model: The punching mechanism is sleeved at both ends of the mechanism through the guide rail and moves up and down through an external motor.

[0014] As a further solution of the present utility model: The bolt is fixedly connected to the slide rail and the bolt is detachable.

[0015] As a further solution of the present utility model: The mobile platform is internally provided with a power source and is connected to the moving parts on the mechanism through wires.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are:

[0017] The structure of the present utility model is simple and compact, and the design is reasonable. It is applicable to the film covering, soil covering and punching operations of crops such as garlic, soybeans and corn, and can realize autonomous operation in the field environment with high operation efficiency.

[0018] The scraper, soil dividing plate and belt arranged on the soil covering crawler can integrate the soil into soil blocks with equal size and height; the arranged guide rail, slide rail and bolt can adjust the number of punches and the punching frequency, so as to realize the adjustable row spacing and plant spacing of punching; by controlling the rotation speed of the soil covering crawler, the spacing of the soil layer falling can also be controlled, so as to realize the adjustment of the falling soil spacing; combined with the above functions, the present utility model realizes the adjustable punching row spacing and plant spacing and the falling soil spacing in the process of film covering, soil covering and punching, so as to adapt to the agronomic requirements of different crops during film covering, soil covering and punching. In addition, the soil blocks with equal size and height can play a better compaction role on the plastic film, achieving a better film covering effect. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the rear structure of the crop film covering mechanism

[0020] Figure 2Front structure schematic diagram of the crop film covering mechanism

[0021] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the guide rail structure of the punching device

[0022] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the tapered head structure of the punching device

[0023] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the soil covering crawler

[0024] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the soil lifting rod

[0025] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the soil transporting rod

[0026] In the figure: 110, film outlet shaft; 120, film covering crawler; 130, film pressing shaft; 140, control panel; 210, soil lifting rod; 211, longitudinal soil lifting port; 212, longitudinal soil dropping port; 213, sleeve; 220, soil transporting rod; 221, transverse soil lifting port; 222, transverse soil dropping port; 230, soil covering crawler; 231, scraper; 232, soil dividing plate; 233: belt; 240, soil dropping plate; 300, punching module; 310, guide rail; 320, slide rail; 330, bolt; 340, tapered head; 400, moving platform. Specific implementation manners

[0027] The technical solution of the present utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited to the described embodiments.

[0028] As Figure 1-2 shown, a crop film covering mechanism with adjustable soil covering and punching spacing includes a film covering module (100), a soil covering module (200), a punching module (300) and a moving platform (400). The film covering module (100) is arranged directly below the soil covering module (200), and the punching module (300) is arranged below the front end of the film covering module (100);

[0029] As Figure 3-4 shown, the punching module (300) includes a guide rail (310), a slide rail (320), a bolt (330) and a tapered head (340). The tapered head (340) is installed and fixed on the slide rail (320) through the bolt (330), and the spacing and quantity of the tapered heads (340) are determined by the scales marked on the slide rail (320).

[0030] Through the above technical solution, the bolt (330) above the loose cone head (340) can release the fixed connection between the cone head (340) and the slide rail (320), and adjust the specific position of the cone head (340) on the slide rail (320) according to the scale. Then, tighten the bolt (330) to re-fix the cone head (340), thereby realizing the movement of the cone head (340) at any position on the slide rail (320), and realizing the free adjustment of the number and spacing of the cone heads (340).

[0031] As Figure 5-7 shown, the soil covering module (200) includes a soil covering crawler (230), a soil lifting rod (210) and a soil transporting rod (220). Among them, a soil dividing plate (232) and a belt (233) are arranged on the soil covering crawler (230), and a scraping plate (231) is arranged at the upper end of the soil covering crawler (230); a detachable sleeve (213) arranged on the soil lifting rod (210) can adjust its height installed on the soil lifting rod (210), and a bolt is arranged at the lower end of the sleeve (213) to be fixed to the frame.

[0032] Through the above technical solution, loosening the bolt between the sleeve (213) and the frame can release the connection between the soil lifting rod (210) and the frame, thereby realizing the up and down movement of the soil lifting rod (210) on the frame, realizing the adjustment of the depth of the soil lifting rod (210) inserted into the ground to adapt to the characteristics of different soils, and ensuring that a sufficient amount of soil enters the auger. After the soil transporting rod (220) transports the soil to the surface of the soil covering crawler (230), the scraping plate (231) first levels the soil, and divides the soil into soil blocks with the same size and height through the soil dividing plate (232) and the belt (233), ensuring the uniformity and anti-loosening of the soil during soil covering and compaction, and improving the effect of soil compaction.

[0033] As Figure 1-7 shown, the control panel (140) is arranged at the front end of the mechanism to control the rotation speed of the soil covering crawler (230) and the reciprocating motion frequency of the guide rail (310).

[0034] Through the above technical solution, when the rotation speed of the soil covering crawler (230) is adjusted on the control panel (140), the spacing between the soil blocks falling to the ground will be reduced, and vice versa, the spacing will increase, thereby realizing the adjustment of the spacing between the soil blocks during soil dropping. Similarly, when the reciprocating motion frequency of the guide rail (310) is adjusted on the control panel (140), the punching spacing is reduced, and vice versa, the spacing increases, thereby realizing the adjustment of the punching spacing. In addition, the coordination of the control panel (140) for the rotation speeds of the soil covering crawler (230) and the guide rail (310) avoids the soil blocks pressing on the holes, affecting the water absorption and moisture retention of the soil under the film.

[0035] As Figure 1-7As shown, the mobile platform (400) is arranged below the mechanism and has a built-in power source for driving the mechanism and the displacement of the mobile platform (400) in the field environment. In addition, the film covering module (100), the soil covering module (200), and the punching module (300) of the mechanism are connected to the built-in power source of the mobile platform (400) through wires.

[0036] Through the above technical solution, the relevant working modules of the mechanism and the mobile platform (400) share a power source, so that during the process of the mechanism moving forward driven by the mobile platform (400), the relevant working modules can also have a stable power source to complete the relevant operations and simplify the power layout of the mechanism.

[0037] The working principle of the present utility model is as follows: During use, first, according to the soil characteristics of the planting area, adjust the height of the sleeve (213) on the fixed soil-lifting rod to determine the depth of the soil-lifting rod (210) sunk into the ground, so as to ensure that a sufficient amount of soil can enter the soil-lifting rod (210). After adjustment, fix the soil-lifting rod (210) to the frame through the bolt at the lower end of the sleeve (213). Then, according to the characteristics of the planted crops, adjust the number and spacing of the punching cones (340), and control the rotation speed of the soil-covering crawler (230) through the control panel (140) to make the row spacing and plant spacing of punching and soil covering meet the row spacing and plant spacing required by the crops. Subsequently, start the soil-lifting rods (210) and soil-transporting rods (220) at both ends. The soil enters from the longitudinal soil-lifting port (211) of the soil-lifting rod (210), is transported to the longitudinal soil-dropping port (212) through the internal auger and falls into the transverse soil-lifting port (221) of the soil-transporting rod (220), and then is transported to the transverse soil-dropping port (222) through the auger and falls onto the soil-covering crawler (230). Start the motors of the soil-covering crawler (230) and the film-covering crawler (120), and the crawlers start to run. The soil on the soil-covering crawler (230) is separated by the scraper (231), soil-dividing plate (232) and belt (233) into soil layers with the same size and shape in the middle and the same height on both sides. The average thickness of the soil layer is 12 cm, which is used to press the plastic film and evenly falls on the middle and both ends of the film synchronously with the film-covering operation to achieve the operations of compaction and film pressing. At the same time, the plastic film is stretched from the film outlet shaft (110) to the surface of the film-covering crawler (120) and pressed to the ground by the film-pressing shaft (130). During the film-covering process, the guide rail (310) moves up and down through the motor, driving the cones (340) on the slide rail (320) to punch holes in the plastic film, thus realizing the punching work before film covering. Through the above operations, the present utility model realizes the synchronization of film covering and soil covering operations, avoiding the situation that the soil-covering device fails to timely drop the soil onto the plastic film surface during the film-covering operation, which affects the compaction effect. At the same time, the bolt (330) design on the cone (340) can freely change the plant spacing of punching and adjust the number of punching holes by adjusting the number of cones, enabling the device to adapt to the punching requirements of different types of crops, such as garlic (row spacing 15 cm), soybeans and corn (row spacing 50 cm), etc., increasing the versatility. The speed of the soil-covering crawler (230) and the movement frequency of the guide rail (310) of the present utility model are controlled by the control panel (140), so as to adjust the spacing of the middle soil blocks while synchronizing the spacing of the soil blocks during soil dropping and the plant spacing of the crops, such as garlic (plant spacing 8 cm), soybeans and corn (plant spacing 20 - 30 cm). The film-covering crawler (120) outputs the plastic film at a speed of 3 km / h. The film-covering crawler (120) and the film-pressing shaft (130) perform a tensioning operation on the plastic film to ensure that the plastic film is flat and not easily pulled and damaged after landing. The tires of the present utility model adopt short-diameter high-pressure tires, which can effectively bear the pressure brought by the above working process and the self-weight of the mechanism, improving the service life of the mechanism.

[0038] The above are only the preferred specific embodiments of the present utility model, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present utility model, according to the technical solution of the present utility model and its inventive concept, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and should be covered within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A crop film covering mechanism with adjustable spacing for soil covering and hole punching, characterized in that: The invention comprises a film covering module (100), a soil covering module (200), a hole punching module (300) and a moving platform (400), wherein the film covering module (100) is arranged directly below the soil covering module (200), the hole punching module (300) is arranged below the front end of the film covering module (100), and the moving platform (400) is arranged below the mechanism; The film-covering module (100) comprises a film-discharging shaft (110), a film-covering crawler (120) and a film-pressing shaft (130); the film-discharging shaft (110) is arranged at the front end of the mechanism and below the film-covering crawler (120); the film-covering crawler (120) is arranged below the soil-covering crawler (230); the film-pressing shaft (130) is located at the rear end of the mechanism and below the soil-falling plate (240); The soil covering module (200) comprises a soil lifting rod (210), a soil transporting rod (220), a soil covering crawler (230) and a soil dropping plate (240); the soil lifting rod (210) is symmetrically arranged at both ends of the front end of the mechanism; the soil transporting rod (220) is transversely arranged at the front end of the mechanism and is provided with a sleeve (213); the sleeve (213) is detachable and is interference-connected with the soil transporting rod; a bolt is provided at the lower end of the sleeve (213) to be fixedly connected with the frame; ... 0) is arranged above the transverse soil lifting opening (221) of the soil transporting rod (220); the soil covering crawler (230) comprises a scraper (231), a soil dividing plate (232) and a belt (233); the scraper (231) is arranged above the soil covering crawler (230); the soil dividing plate (232) is arranged in an array in the middle of the soil covering crawler (230); the belt (233) is symmetrically arranged at both ends of the soil covering crawler (230); The punching module (300) comprises a guide rail (310), a slide rail (320), a bolt (330) and a cone head (340); the guide rail (310) is symmetrically arranged at the front end of the mechanism and axially connected to the mechanism; the slide rail (320) is arranged on the rod where the guide rail (310) is located; and the bolt (330) and the cone head (340) are fixedly connected.

2. The crop film covering mechanism with adjustable spacing of soil covering holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The film covering crawler (120) and the soil covering crawler (230) are driven by built-in motors, and the control panel (140) adjusts the rotation speed of the soil covering crawler (230) and the up and down movement frequency of the guide rail (310).

3. A crop film covering mechanism with adjustable spacing of soil covering holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil dividing plates (232) are distributed in an array on the surface of the soil covering crawler (230) and are fixedly connected to the soil covering crawler (230). The lower end of the scraper (231) is in contact with the upper end of the soil dividing plates (232).

4. A crop film covering mechanism with adjustable spacing for soil covering punching, characterized in that: The belt (233) is nested at both ends of the soil covering crawler (230) and moves synchronously with the soil covering crawler (230).

5. The crop film covering mechanism with adjustable spacing of soil covering holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The punching module (300) is sleeved with two ends of the mechanism via a guide rail (310) and moves up and down via an external motor.

6. The crop film covering mechanism with adjustable spacing of soil covering holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bolt (330) is fixedly connected to the slide rail (320), and the bolt (330) is detachable.

7. A crop film covering mechanism with adjustable spacing for soil covering punching, characterized in that: The slide rail (320) is marked with scale.

8. A crop film covering mechanism with adjustable spacing of soil covering holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mobile platform (400) has a built-in power source and is connected to the moving parts on the mechanism via wires.

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