Device for automatically reducing fly ash in garbage incinerator
By setting up a self-reducing fly ash device in the waste incinerator, multiple combustion and settlement of fly ash is achieved using a cyclone separator and Tesla valve runner, the problem of insufficient combustion and large amount of fly ash is solved, and thermal efficiency and environmental protection are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422052228.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-09-26
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-22
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-08-23
AI Technical Summary
The existing waste incinerator has installed dust removal devices outside the furnace, which causes fly ash to be unable to burn and release heat, and the amount of fly ash is generated large, which brings huge burdens to subsequent removal and is low in thermal efficiency.
Self-decreasing fly ash device is installed in the waste incinerator, including a cyclone separator and a Tesla valve runner. Through multiple cyclone separations and the design of the Tesla valve runner, the fly ash is self-deposited and burned multiple times in the furnace, which is converted into a base ash that is easy to handle and reduces the discharge of fly ash.
It improves the thermal efficiency of the waste incinerator, reduces the amount of fly ash generated, reduces energy loss and environmental pollution, and achieves more efficient fly ash treatment.
Smart Images
Figure CN223137888U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the field of solid waste incineration treatment, in particular to a device for automatically reducing fly ash in a garbage incinerator. Background Art
[0002] Garbage incinerator is a device for incinerating garbage, and is widely used in the field of solid waste treatment. While the garbage burns in the furnace to generate heat, it turns into ash and exhaust gas. Garbage incinerator is a kind of equipment that makes garbage energy utilization, avoiding land waste and surface water and groundwater pollution caused by garbage landfill. The types of garbage incinerators with relatively mature applications include mechanical grate incinerators, fluidized bed incinerators, rotary incinerators, etc. Due to the complex composition of garbage, the combustion dynamics of different components are very different, and the content of components is uneven, resulting in incomplete combustion or various components cannot be burned out at the same time, resulting in unburned particles and forming a large amount of fly ash. Regardless of the type of incinerator, a large amount of fly ash will be generated in the furnace while the garbage is incinerated. The fly ash is generally removed outside the furnace using a cyclone dust collector, bag dust collector and electrostatic dust collector.
[0003] In this field, there is still a need to improve existing waste incinerators. Since existing waste incinerators are equipped with dust removal devices outside the furnace, on the one hand, fly ash cannot be fully burned to release heat, and on the other hand, the amount of fly ash generated is large, which places a huge burden on subsequent fly ash removal. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a device, method and application for self-precipitation of fly ash in a waste incinerator, so as to solve the above technical problems, strengthen the turbulence inside the waste incinerator, enable the fly ash to self-precipitate multiple times, fully burn and decompose and settle as bottom ash, reduce the carry-out of fly ash, release more heat energy in the reactor, improve the thermal efficiency of the waste incinerator and reduce energy loss and environmental pollution.
[0005] The technical problem solved by the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:
[0006] A device for self-degrading fly ash in a waste incinerator, the device for self-degrading fly ash in a waste incinerator is referred to as a fly ash self-degrading device 1, the fly ash self-degrading device 1 is connected to the top secondary combustion chamber in the incinerator, and includes a flue gas inlet 4, a flue gas outlet 5 and a self-degrading unit arranged between the flue gas inlet 4 and the flue gas outlet 5. The number of the self-degrading units is more than one, and the self-degrading units are connected in series and / or in parallel. Each self-degrading unit includes a cyclone separator 6, a Tesla valve flow channel 7, and a fly ash sedimentation port 8.
[0007] The described flue gas inlet 4 is the inlet of the cyclone separator 6 of the first self-dropping unit, and is connected to the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber at the top inside the incinerator. The described flue gas outlet 5 is the outlet of the last cyclone separator 6. The ash discharge port at the bottom end of the cyclone separator 6 is connected to the top end of the Tesla valve flow channel 7, and the bottom end of the Tesla valve flow channel 7 is the fly ash settlement port 8.
[0008] Furthermore, the inlet of the cyclone separator 6 needs to be inclined downward to one side of the cyclone separator 6, and smoothly transitions from the horizontal direction to a certain angle before entering the cyclone separator, with an inclination angle of 10 - 15 degrees.
[0009] Furthermore, the bottom end of the Tesla valve flow channel 7 needs to extend into the waste incinerator for a certain distance.
[0010] Furthermore, the described Tesla valve flow channel 7 is composed of an alternating spatial branch structure. Each main channel is divided into two branch channels. One of the branch channels is a straight channel, slightly inclined relative to the main channel, and the other branch channel is a semi-circular channel, returning to the inclined straight channel after passing through a bend and converging with the straight channel again to form the main channel.
[0011] Furthermore, the branch structure of the Tesla valve flow channel 7 can increase or decrease the number of branches, the width of the channels, the curvature of the bends, etc. as needed.
[0012] Furthermore, the Tesla valve flow channel has unidirectionality, with low flow resistance in one direction and relatively easy flow, but high flow resistance and very difficult flow in the other direction (opposite direction). It is equivalent to a check valve, enabling the separated fly ash and other solid particles to settle by gravity along the direction with less resistance into the incinerator, while preventing the flue gas and fly ash in the furnace from flowing back from the Tesla valve flow channel to the cyclone separator, preventing blockage and damage of the device.
[0013] A method for self-dropping fly ash in a waste incinerator. The flue gas turns to the flue gas inlet 4 of the fly ash self-settlement device 1 through the secondary combustion chamber at the top of the incinerator. The flue gas passes through the cyclone separator 6 to remove the fly ash and other solid particles carried therein. The fly ash and solid particles return to the incinerator through the Tesla valve flow channel 7 at the lower part of the cyclone separator 6. The fly ash and unburned solid particles separated by the cyclone separator 6 are burned repeatedly, and part of the fly ash is transferred into bottom ash. The flue gas after ash removal leaves the incinerator through the flue gas outlet 5.
[0014] Furthermore, the cyclone separator 6 at the top of the Tesla valve flow channel 7 needs to be pre-filled with fly ash, and the stacking height h of the filled fly ash > Δp / (ρg), where Δp is the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts of the cyclone separator, and ρ is the apparent density of the fly ash particles during stacking. The stacking height of the fly ash cannot exceed the bottom end of the central exhaust pipe of the cyclone separator.
[0015] Application of a device for self - settling fly ash in a waste incinerator. The fly ash self - settling device 1 is connected to the secondary combustion chamber at the top inside the incinerator. The waste feeder 3 continuously conveys waste into the incinerator for combustion and decomposition. After the waste is incinerated, the generated flue gas turns to the fly ash self - settling device 1 through the secondary combustion chamber at the top of the incinerator. The bottom ash will settle on the bottom grate and is conveyed by the grate ash conveyor 2 to the ash residue re - treatment and re - utilization device outside the incinerator.
[0016] Advantages of the present utility model: Due to the adoption of the above - mentioned technical solution, the present utility model relies on adding multiple sets of series - connected and parallel self - settling units in the reaction furnace. The self - settling units can achieve self - settling of fly ash in the incinerator and thorough decomposition through multiple combustions, greatly reducing the amount of fly ash generated, converting fly ash into bottom ash that is more convenient to handle. At the same time, due to the integrated design of the waste incinerator and the device for self - settling fly ash, there is no need to lead the flue gas out of the incineration device for separation, reducing the outer surface of the whole device and reducing the heat loss due to wall surface heat dissipation. The built - in separation device can also strengthen the turbulence in the secondary combustion chamber, enabling the incinerator to have higher thermal efficiency, being more environmentally friendly and energy - efficient. Description of the Drawings
[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram showing the position of a device for self - settling fly ash in a waste incinerator according to Embodiments 1 - 3 of the present utility model inside the incinerator. In the figure, 1 - fly ash self - settling device, 2 - grate ash conveyor, 3 - waste feeder.
[0018] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the flow field inside the incinerator of a device and method for self - settling fly ash in a waste incinerator according to Embodiments 1 - 3 of the present utility model;
[0019] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of a device for self - settling fly ash in a waste incinerator according to Embodiments 1 - 3 of the present utility model. In the figure, 4 - flue gas inlet, 5 - flue gas outlet, 6 - cyclone separator, 7 - Tesla valve flow channel, 8 - fly ash settlement port.
[0020] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the flow direction inside the Tesla valve flow channel of a device and method for self - settling fly ash in a waste incinerator according to Embodiments 1 - 3 of the present utility model;
[0021] Figure 5 Schematic diagram showing the position of a device for self - settling fly ash in a waste incinerator according to Embodiment 4 of the present utility model inside the incinerator;
[0022] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the flow field inside the incinerator of a device and method for self - settling fly ash in a waste incinerator according to Embodiment 4 of the present utility model;
[0023] Figure 7Schematic structural diagram of a device for self - reducing fly ash in a waste incinerator according to Embodiment 4 of the present utility model.
[0024] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the flow direction in the Tesla valve channel of a device and method for self - reducing fly ash in a waste incinerator according to Embodiment 4 of the present utility model. Detailed implementation manners
[0025] In order to make the structural features, operation process, and application effects achieved by the present utility model easy to understand clearly, the following combines the drawings of the present utility model to clearly and completely expound the core idea of the present utility model. Based on the present utility model, other achievements obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0026] The position and layout mode of a device for self - reducing fly ash in a waste incinerator according to the present utility model described and shown in the drawings can be designed in different configurations.
[0027] Similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings. Once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.
[0028] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the description based on the directions and positional relationships indicated by the drawings is based on the conventional orientations or positional relationships understood by those skilled in the art, and is a simplified description for the convenience of describing the present utility model.
[0029] "Flue gas" refers to the general term for the gases, fly ash, and other solid particles generated by waste incineration, not a specific material.
[0030] Refer to Figure 3 , for a device and method for self - reducing fly ash in a waste incinerator according to the present utility model, the structure of the in - furnace self - reducing fly ash device includes 4 - flue gas inlet, 5 - flue gas outlet, 6 - cyclone separator, 7 - Tesla valve channel, 8 - fly ash settlement port.
[0031] Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , for a device, method, and application for self - reducing fly ash in a waste incinerator according to the present utility model, the method for realizing in - furnace fly ash self - settlement is to add the self - settlement device of the present utility model on the top of the secondary combustion chamber in the reaction furnace. Both ends of the fly ash self - settlement device are connected to the combustion chamber of the reaction furnace, realizing the cyclic combustion and self - settlement of fly ash in the furnace, which is different from the way of adding dust removal devices outside the furnace in traditional waste incinerators.
[0032] Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2, The waste feeder 3 and the grate ash leakage conveyor 2 are additional contents for explaining a device and method for self-reducing fly ash in a waste incinerator of the present invention, which do not belong to the scope of the present invention and do not limit the type of waste incinerator to which the present invention is applied.
[0033] Based on the present invention, each cyclone separator 6 and the Tesla valve flow path 7 below it are regarded as a self-settling unit. Multiple self-settling units can be connected in series and in parallel according to the amount of fly ash generated by waste incineration and the number of times of self-settling required. The series connection method is to connect another self-settling unit after one self-settling unit, and the parallel connection method is to arrange multiple self-settling units side by side, perpendicular to Figure 3 the shown cross-section for arrangement, so that the flue gas enters from the flue gas inlets of multiple treatment units at one time.
[0034] By connecting multiple self-settling units in series, the fly ash can be self-settled and burned twice or multiple times, reducing the generation of fly ash, being more environmentally friendly and having higher energy efficiency.
[0035] By connecting multiple self-settling units in parallel, it is equivalent to increasing the treatment flow rate of the flue gas, enabling more fly ash to be self-settled.
[0036] The Tesla valve flow path 7 is composed of alternating spatial branches. Each main channel is divided into two channels, converges together after passing through the annular channel, and the subsequent series of branches is the same. The number of branches, the width of the channels, the curvature of the bends, etc. can be increased or decreased according to needs.
[0037] The Tesla valve flow path 7 has the characteristic that the flow resistance in one direction is small and the flow is relatively easy, but the flow resistance in the other direction is large and the flow is very difficult because the two fluid streams will collide, which is equivalent to a check valve. It enables the separated fly ash and other solid particles to settle by gravity into the incinerator from the direction with less resistance, while preventing the fly ash in the incinerator from flowing back to the cyclone separator through the Tesla valve flow path, preventing the device from being blocked and damaged.
[0038] The application scope of the present invention includes but is not limited to waste incinerators, and can also be applied to other spaces such as coal-fired boilers and fluidized bed reactors based on the same principle, where fly ash and solid particle circulation reactions are required to achieve maximum utilization while reducing fly ash.
[0039] Example 1:
[0040] As Figures 4-8 , A method for self-reducing fly ash in a waste incinerator, the self-reduction and re-combustion decomposition of fly ash in the waste incinerator include the following steps:
[0041] The flue gas generated by the waste after incineration enters the flue gas inlet 4 of the fly ash self-settling device from the secondary combustion chamber at the top of the incinerator.
[0042] The flue gas enters the cyclone separator 6, and the cyclone separator 6 separates fly ash and various other solid particles in the flue gas.
[0043] Fly ash and various other solid particles in the flue gas that have not been effectively separated by the first cyclone separator 6 continue to enter the next-stage cyclone separator 6 for further separation.
[0044] Due to the action of gravity, the fly ash and various solid particles fall from the bottom of the cyclone separator 6 into the Tesla valve flow channel 7.
[0045] The fly ash and various solid particles further settle to the fly ash settling port 8 within the Tesla valve flow channel 7, and then return to the combustion chamber of the waste incinerator for secondary combustion and decomposition.
[0046] The fly ash that has not been fully combusted and decomposed continues to circulate, settle, and combust in the above manner until it is completely combusted and the fly ash becomes bottom ash.
[0047] The bottom ash is more convenient to handle and less polluting to the environment compared to fly ash, and it can be transported to subsequent other reprocessing and recycling devices for disposal.
[0048] Embodiment 2:
[0049] A method for self-dropping and circulating combustion of pulverized coal in a coal-fired boiler. The fly ash self-dropping device is added to the top of the boiler combustion chamber. The self-dropping and re-combustion of coal ash inside the coal-fired boiler includes the following steps:
[0050] The pulverized coal that has not been fully combusted enters the flue gas inlet 4 of the fly ash self-dropping device from the second combustion chamber at the top of the combustion chamber.
[0051] The flue gas enters the cyclone separator 6, and the cyclone separator 6 separates the pulverized coal that has not been fully combusted and various other solid particles.
[0052] The pulverized coal that has not been fully combusted and various other solid particles that have not been effectively separated by the first cyclone separator 6 continue to enter the next-stage cyclone separator 6 for further separation.
[0053] Due to the action of gravity, the pulverized coal that has not been fully combusted and various other solid particles fall from the bottom of the cyclone separator 6 into the Tesla valve flow channel 7.
[0054] The pulverized coal that has not been fully combusted and various other solid particles further settle to the fly ash settling port 8 within the Tesla valve flow channel 7, and then return to the combustion chamber of the coal-fired boiler for secondary combustion and decomposition.
[0055] The pulverized coal that has not been fully combusted and decomposed continues to circulate, settle, and combust in the above manner until it is completely combusted and becomes bottom ash.
[0056] Adding this utility model to a coal-fired boiler can improve the heat generation efficiency of the coal, which is equivalent to an economizer.
[0057] Example 3:
[0058] A method for the self-descent of materials in a fluidized bed reactor. Adding this fly ash self-descent device to the top of the fluidized bed reactor, the self-descent and re-reaction of materials in the fluidized bed reactor include the following steps:
[0059] Some of the fluidized bed materials in the fluidized bed reactor enter the flue gas inlet 4 of the fly ash self-descent device from the top of the reactor due to excessive speed.
[0060] The bed materials are further carried into the cyclone separator 6, and the cyclone separator 6 separates particulate matters such as bed materials and fly ash from the gas.
[0061] The particulate matters and gas that are not effectively separated by the first cyclone separator 6 continue to enter the next-stage cyclone separator for further separation.
[0062] The separated particulate matters fall into the Tesla valve channel 7 from the bottom of the cyclone separator 6 due to gravity.
[0063] The particulate matters further settle in the Tesla valve channel 7 to the fly ash settlement port 8, and then return to the fluidized bed reactor for reaction.
[0064] Adding this utility model to the fluidized bed reactor can reduce the carry-out of bed materials and improve the reaction efficiency of the fluidized bed reactor.
[0065] Example 4:
[0066] A method for self-descent of fly ash in a waste incinerator. The self-descent and re-combustion decomposition of fly ash in the waste incinerator include the following steps:
[0067] The flue gas carrying fly ash after incineration enters the flue gas inlet 4 at a downward inclination of 15 degrees. Due to the relatively large density of fly ash, the downward inclination is conducive to the downward settlement of fly ash, while the gas has a small density and is easy to change direction upward under the pressure difference, and can still be discharged smoothly from the center of the cyclone separator.
[0068] The flue gas enters the cyclone separator 6, and the cyclone separator 6 separates fly ash and various other solid particles in the flue gas.
[0069] To prevent the air flow from flowing back along the direction of "fly ash settlement port 8 - Tesla valve channel 7 - cyclone separator 6 - flue gas outlet 5", the fly ash settlement port 8 can be extended downward to 20 cm above the grate, and the grate area facing the fly ash settlement port 8 is not supplied with air to avoid forming too large a pressure difference between the fly ash settlement port 8 and the flue gas outlet 5.
[0070] Aiming at the problem that the Tesla valve is prone to failure due to the small density and inertia of the gas, 30 cm high fly ash particles are pre-filled in the cyclone separator to ensure a gas-solid two-phase flow state in the flow channel 7 of the Tesla valve, increasing the inertia of the overall flow and effectively avoiding the failure of the upward gas resistance of the flue gas in the Tesla valve.
[0071] The fly ash and various solid particles further settle to the fly ash settlement port 8 in the flow channel 7 of the Tesla valve, and then return to the combustion chamber of the waste incinerator for secondary combustion and decomposition.
[0072] The fly ash that has not been fully combusted and decomposed continues to circulate, settle, combust, and decompose in the above manner until it is completely combusted and the fly ash becomes bottom ash.
[0073] The bottom ash is more convenient to handle and causes less environmental pollution than fly ash, and it can be transported to other subsequent reprocessing and recycling devices for disposal.
[0074] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than limiting the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can modify the technical solutions used in the embodiments and make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features without departing from the spirit and scope of the above embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. An apparatus for self-reducing fly ash in a waste incinerator, characterized in that, The device for self-dropping fly ash in the waste incinerator is abbreviated as the fly ash self-settling device (1). The fly ash self-settling device (1) is connected to the second combustion chamber at the top inside the incinerator and includes a flue gas inlet (4), a flue gas outlet (5), and a self-dropping unit arranged between the flue gas inlet (4) and the flue gas outlet (5). The number of the self-dropping units is more than one, and the self-dropping units are connected in series and / or in parallel. Each self-dropping unit includes a cyclone separator (6), a Tesla valve flow channel (7), and a fly ash settling port (8). The flue gas inlet (4) is the inlet of the cyclone separator (6) of the first self-dropping unit and is connected to the outlet of the second combustion chamber at the top inside the incinerator. The flue gas outlet (5) is the outlet of the last cyclone separator (6). The ash outlet at the bottom end of the cyclone separator (6) is connected to the top end of the Tesla valve flow channel (7), and the bottom end of the Tesla valve flow channel (7) is the fly ash settling port (8).
2. The device for automatically reducing fly ash in a waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet of the cyclone separator (6) needs to be inclined downward to one side of the cyclone separator (6), and smoothly transitions from the horizontal direction to a certain downward angle before entering the cyclone separator. The inclination angle is 10 - 15 degrees.
3. The device for self-reducing fly ash in a waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom end of the Tesla valve flow channel (7) needs to extend into the waste incinerator for a certain distance.
4. A device for automatically reducing fly ash in a waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Tesla valve flow channel (7) is composed of an alternating spatial branch structure. Each main channel is divided into two branch channels. One of the branch channels is a straight channel, which is inclined relative to the main channel, and the other branch channel is a semi-circular channel, which returns to the inclined straight channel after passing through a bend and converges with the straight channel again to form the main channel.
5. The device for automatically reducing fly ash in a waste incinerator according to claim 2, wherein, The branch structure of the Tesla valve flow channel (7) can increase or decrease the number of branches, the width of the channels, and the curvature of the bends as needed.
6. The device for automatically reducing fly ash in a waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Tesla valve flow channel has unidirectionality.