Dual-purpose exhibition, teaching and training integrated model for cable-stayed bridge and beam bridge

Abstract

The utility model discloses a dual-purpose exhibition, teaching and training integrated model for a cable-stayed bridge and a beam bridge, which comprises a bottom plate (1), a vertical bridge tower (2) is arranged on the bottom plate (1), the bridge tower (2) is connected with the bottom plate (1) through screws, an elastic bridge plate (3) is arranged on the bridge tower (2), the bridge plate (3) is rotatably connected with the bridge tower (2), a plurality of balancing weights (4) are arranged on two sides of the bridge plate (3), a sliding strip (5) is arranged on the top surface of the bridge plate (3), and the sliding strip (5) is connected with the bottom plate (1). Six to twelve first sliding blocks (25) are arranged on the sliding strip (5), a first locking mechanism is arranged between the first sliding blocks (25) and the sliding strip (5), and the first sliding blocks (25) are connected with the bridge tower (2) through inhaul cables (6); stand columns (7) are arranged on the two sides of the bridge tower (2), the bridge plate (3) is supported by the upper ends of the stand columns (7), and pressure sensors (8) are arranged between the stand columns (7) and the bridge plate (3). The teaching aid has the advantage that the teaching quality can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of teaching models, and particularly relates to an integrated exhibition, teaching and training model for both cable-stayed bridges and beam bridges. Background Art

[0002] Cable-stayed bridges are common bridge structures, including a horizontal bridge deck and a vertical bridge tower. The middle area of the bridge deck is fixed to the bridge tower, and the bridge deck is connected to the bridge tower by multiple cables. To facilitate students to more intuitively understand the structure of cable-stayed bridges, models of cable-stayed bridges are currently used in the teaching process. In addition to being used in teaching, the models can also be used for external exhibitions.

[0003] Existing cable-stayed bridge models are basically scaled-down structures of cable-stayed bridges. Although they can enable students to intuitively understand the structure of cable-stayed bridges, they cannot further demonstrate the mechanical properties. That is, students cannot intuitively understand the force conditions generated after the cables on the cable-stayed bridge are connected to different positions on the bridge deck. This is not conducive to more vivid teaching and improving the teaching quality. At the same time, after students initially master the force calculation method of the cables of the cable-stayed bridge, they cannot verify whether the calculation results are correct on the model of the cable-stayed bridge, which is also not conducive to improving the teaching quality.

[0004] Beam bridges are also common bridge structures, including a bridge deck and two columns supporting the bridge deck. When the two columns support the bridge deck at different positions, the self-weight of the bridge deck will generate different acting forces on the two columns.

[0005] Existing beam bridge models are basically scaled-down structures of beam bridges. Although they can enable students to intuitively understand the structure of beam bridges, they cannot further demonstrate the mechanical properties. That is, students cannot intuitively understand the force conditions of the columns. This is not conducive to more vivid teaching and improving the teaching quality. At the same time, after students initially master the force calculation method of the columns of the beam bridge, they cannot verify whether the calculation results are correct on the model of the beam bridge, which is also not conducive to improving the teaching quality. Summary of the Utility Model

[0006] The purpose of the utility model is to provide an integrated exhibition, teaching and training model for both cable-stayed bridges and beam bridges. The utility model has the advantage of being able to improve the teaching quality.

[0007] Technical solution of the utility model: An integrated model for both cable-stayed bridges and beam bridges, including a bottom plate, on which there is a vertical bridge tower, the bridge tower is screwed to the bottom plate, there is an elastic bridge plate on the bridge tower, the bridge plate is rotatably connected to the bridge tower, there are multiple counterweight blocks on both sides of the bridge plate, there is a slide bar on the top surface of the bridge plate, there are six to twelve first sliders on the slide bar, there is a first locking mechanism between the first slider and the slide bar, and the first slider is connected to the bridge tower through a cable; there are columns on both sides of the bridge tower, the lower end of the column is screwed to the bottom plate, the upper end of the column supports the bridge plate, and there is a pressure sensor between the column and the bridge plate.

[0008] In the aforementioned integrated model for both cable-stayed bridges and beam bridges, there are holes on the bridge tower through which the bridge plate passes, there are sliding grooves on both sides of the bridge plate, there are second sliders in the sliding grooves, there is a second locking mechanism between the second slider and the bridge plate, there is a rotating shaft in the middle of the second slider, one end of the rotating shaft extends outwards and is fixed to the bridge tower, and the inner end of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the second slider.

[0009] In the aforementioned integrated model for both cable-stayed bridges and beam bridges, the counterweight block is an isosceles trapezoid with a narrow top and a wide bottom, there is a third slider on the counterweight block that cooperates with the sliding groove, the top surface of the third slider is flush with the top surface of the bridge plate, and the width of the third slider is smaller than the width of the counterweight block.

[0010] In the aforementioned integrated model for both cable-stayed bridges and beam bridges, there is a groove at the upper end of the column, there is a pressure sensor on the bottom surface of the groove, the pressure sensor is a strain gauge, there is a lower fixing plate that cooperates with the groove above the pressure sensor, and there is an upper rotating plate that supports the bridge plate above the lower fixing plate, and the lower fixing plate is hinged to the upper rotating plate.

[0011] In the aforementioned integrated model for both cable-stayed bridges and beam bridges, the cable includes a first rope connecting the first slider, the first rope is connected to a second rope through a turnbuckle, the second rope is connected to a third rope through a tension sensor, and the third rope is connected to the bridge tower.

[0012] In the aforementioned integrated model for both cable-stayed bridges and beam bridges, there is a hook at the end of the third rope, there are multiple hanging holes arranged from top to bottom on both sides of the bridge tower, the hanging holes are above the connection between the bridge tower and the bridge plate, and the hook is connected to the bridge tower through the hanging hole.

[0013] In the aforementioned integrated model for both cable-stayed bridges and beam bridges, there is a pressing plate on the top of the first slider, the pressing plate is screwed to the first slider, and the first rope passes through between the pressing plate and the first slider.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the utility model combines the existing cable-stayed bridge model and beam bridge model, and further improves the structure. It can be used as a cable-stayed bridge model or a beam bridge model. When used as a cable-stayed bridge model, not only can the number of connecting cables between the bridge tower and the bridge deck be changed, but also the connection positions between the cables and the bridge deck and between the cables and the bridge tower can be changed to simulate various forms of cable-stayed structures. Through the pressure sensors on the columns, the two ends of the bridge deck are basically not supported, simulating the actual stress state at both ends of the cable-stayed bridge deck. Then, through the tension sensors on the cables, students can intuitively know the tension of the cables in the current state, making the teaching more vivid and helping to improve the teaching quality. At the same time, after students initially master the stress calculation method of the cables of the cable-stayed bridge, whether the calculation results are correct can also be verified on the model, which is also conducive to the improvement of teaching quality. When used as a beam bridge model, the components composed of the bridge tower, cables and the first slider on the model can be very conveniently removed to make the model form the same as the actual beam bridge form. By changing the different support positions of the two columns on the bridge deck and observing the detection values of the pressure sensors, students can intuitively know the stress state of the columns in the current state, making the teaching more vivid and helping to improve the teaching quality. Therefore, the utility model has the advantage of being able to improve the teaching quality.

[0015] In addition, through further structural improvements, the utility model also improves the simulation accuracy, making the detection data more accurate, which is also helpful for improving the teaching quality and is relatively convenient to use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is the front view schematic diagram of the utility model.

[0017] Figure 2 is the left view schematic diagram of the utility model.

[0018] Figure 3 is the connection schematic diagram of the counterweight and the bridge deck.

[0019] Figure 4 is the layout schematic diagram of the counterweights on the bridge deck.

[0020] Figure 5 is the connection schematic diagram of the bridge deck and the columns.

[0021] Figure 6 is the schematic diagram of the utility model after removing the bridge tower.

[0022] The reference signs in the drawings are: 1 - bottom plate, 2 - pylon, 3 - bridge deck, 4 - counterweight, 5 - slide bar, 6 - cable, 7 - column, 8 - pressure sensor, 9 - hole, 10 - chute, 11 - second slider, 12 - rotating shaft, 13 - third slider, 14 - groove, 15 - lower fixed plate, 16 - upper rotating plate, 17 - first rope, 18 - turnbuckle, 19 - second rope, 20 - tension sensor, 21 - third rope, 22 - hook, 23 - hanging hole, 24 - pressing plate, 25 - first slider. Specific implementation mode

[0023] The present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments, but it shall not be used as a basis for restricting the present utility model.

[0024] Embodiment. An integrated model for both cable-stayed bridges and beam bridges, as Figure 1 shown, includes a bottom plate 1. A vertical pylon 2 is provided on the bottom plate 1. The pylon 2 is screwed to the bottom plate 1. An elastic bridge deck 3 is provided on the pylon 2. The length of the bridge deck 3 is 1 m, the thickness is 8 mm, and the width is 25 mm. A plurality of counterweights 4 are provided on both sides of the bridge deck 3. The counterweights 4 are made of steel blocks. The counterweight 4 is an isosceles trapezoid with a narrow top and a wide bottom. A third slider 13 that is in clearance fit with the chute 10 is provided on the counterweight 4. The top surface of the third slider 13 is flush with the top surface of the bridge deck 3. The width of the third slider 13 is smaller than the width of the counterweight 4. The adjacent counterweights 4 are in contact with each other at the bottom and form a triangular gap therebetween, and this gap enables the counterweight 4 not to hinder the bending of the bridge deck 3 under its own weight.

[0025] A slide bar 5 is provided on the top surface of the bridge deck 3. The slide bar 5 and the bridge deck 3 can be integrally formed by extrusion molding, and the material is selected as reinforced nylon. Since the bridge deck 3 is long in length and thin in thickness, when the bridge deck 3 is only supported in the middle, both ends will sag, simulating the state of the bridge deck on an actual cable-stayed bridge. The counterweights 4 are evenly distributed mainly to simulate the uniform mass distribution state of the actual bridge deck and increase the mass of the bridge deck 3 so that a relatively large tensile force is required to overcome the deformation caused by its own gravity.

[0026] Eight first sliders 25 are provided on the slide bar 5. A first locking mechanism is provided between the first slider 25 and the slide bar 5. The first locking mechanism can be a set screw screwed to the first slider 25. When the set screw presses against the slide bar 5, the position of the first slider 25 is fixed. Conversely, the first slider 25 can move along the slide bar 5. The first slider 25 is connected to the pylon 2 through a cable 6.

[0027] The bridge tower 2 is provided with a hole 9 through which the bridge plate 3 passes. Both sides of the bridge plate 3 are provided with sliding grooves 10. A steel second slider 11 is arranged in the sliding groove 10. A second locking mechanism is arranged between the second slider 11 and the bridge plate 3. The second locking mechanism can be two set screws screwed to the second slider 11. When the two set screws are tightened against the bridge plate 3, the position of the second slider 11 is fixed. On the contrary, the second slider 11 can move in the sliding groove 10. A rotating shaft 12 is arranged in the middle of the second slider 11. One end of the rotating shaft 12 extends outwards and is fixed to the bridge tower 2. The inner end of the rotating shaft 12 is rotatably connected to the second slider 11.

[0028] The stay cable 6 includes a first rope 17 connecting the first slider 25. The first rope 17 is connected to a second rope 19 through a turnbuckle 18. The second rope 19 is connected to a third rope 21 through a tension sensor 20. The third rope 21 is connected to the bridge tower 2.

[0029] A hook 22 is arranged at the end of the third rope 21. A plurality of hanging holes 23 arranged from top to bottom are provided on both sides of the bridge tower 2. The hanging holes 23 are located above the connection between the bridge tower 2 and the bridge plate 3. The hook 22 is connected to the bridge tower 2 through the hanging hole 23.

[0030] A pressing plate 24 is arranged at the top of the first slider 25. The pressing plate 24 is screwed to the first slider 25. The first rope 17 passes through between the pressing plate 24 and the first slider 25.

[0031] Columns 7 are provided on both sides of the bridge tower 2. The lower ends of the columns 7 are screwed to the bottom plate 1. The upper ends of the columns 7 support the bridge plate 3. A pressure sensor 8 is arranged between the columns 7 and the bridge plate 3. A plurality of screw holes are arranged along the long direction of the bottom plate 1 so that the screw connection position of the columns 7 on the bottom plate 1 is adjustable.

[0032] A groove 14 is arranged at the upper end of the column 7. A pressure sensor 8 is arranged on the bottom surface of the groove 14. The pressure sensor 8 is a strain gauge. A lower fixing plate 15 matching the groove 14 is arranged above the pressure sensor 8. An upper rotating plate 16 supporting the bridge plate 3 is arranged above the lower fixing plate 15. The lower fixing plate 15 is hinged to the upper rotating plate 16.

[0033] When used as a cable-stayed bridge model for teaching: both the tension sensor 20 and the pressure sensor 8 are connected to a display through a controller, so that the values on the tension sensor 20 and the pressure sensor 8 can be read on the display. The method includes the following:

[0034] 1) During the teaching process, when the bridge tower 2 is connected to the middle of the bridge deck 3 (the most common cable-stayed bridge structure), change the distribution position of the first slider 25 on the slide bar 5, then loosen the pressure plate 24 and pull the first rope 17 to make the cable 6 gently approach the tensioned state. After adjusting all the first ropes 17, by adjusting the length of each turnbuckle 18, make each cable 6 tensioned and make the readings of the two pressure sensors 8 zero or close to zero, simulating the ideal state where basically no downward pressure is generated at both ends of the bridge tower 2. Observe the readings of each tension sensor 20 to enable students to understand the influence of the change in the distribution position of the connection points of the cable 6 on the bridge deck 3 on the force-bearing condition of the cable 6.

[0035] Further, continue to change the distribution position of the first slider 25 on the slide bar 5. After the change, it is still necessary to tension each cable 6 and keep the bridge deck 3 horizontal. When seeking the distribution position of each first slider 25 on the slide bar 5 when the tensions of each cable 6 are equal or similar (the error from the average tension does not exceed 2%), simulate the optimal force-bearing state of the cable 6. This position distribution should be calculated in combination with the calculation method in the textbook to verify the knowledge in the textbook.

[0036] 2) Simulate the cable-stayed bridge structure with different lengths of the bridge decks 3 on both sides of the bridge tower (due to foundation setting problems, it may cause the bridge tower to be unable to connect to the bridge deck in the middle during actual construction), that is, the bridge tower 2 is connected to one side of the middle of the bridge deck 3. Move the bridge deck 3 a certain distance along the second slider 11, and move the two columns 7 to the positions below both ends of the bridge deck 3 respectively. Then refer to the usage method in item 1) for teaching experiments.

[0037] 3) Change the number of the cables 6 used. For the unused cables 6, just disconnect them from the bridge tower 2, and then refer to the usage method in item 1) or 2) for teaching to enable students to clearly understand the change in the force-bearing condition of the cable 6 under different numbers of the cables 6.

[0038] 4) After students initially master the calculation method of the cable-stayed bridge, they can convert it in a way of equal-proportion scaling and verify it with the model. The verification content includes the distribution quantity and distribution position of the connection points between the cable 6 and the bridge deck 3, the inclination angle of the cable 6, the magnitude of the tension received by the cable 6, etc. For the simulation of the length and mass ratio of the bridge deck 3, it is achieved by increasing or decreasing the counterweight blocks 4 or changing the size of the counterweight blocks 4.

[0039] In the methods of the above 1), 2), 3), and 4), the adjusted variables include the connection quantity and connection position between the cable 6 and the bridge deck 3, the connection quantity and connection position between the cable 6 and the bridge tower 2, and the connection position between the bridge tower 2 and the bridge deck 3. Finally, it is necessary to ensure that the detected values of the two pressure sensors 8 are zero or close to zero, and on this basis, obtain the tension values of each cable 6 to facilitate students to understand the force-bearing state of the cable 6 in different forms of the cable-stayed bridge.

[0040] When used for teaching as a beam bridge model: The pressure sensor 8 is connected to the display through the controller, so that the values on the pressure sensor 8 can be read out on the display. Loosen the second locking mechanism so that the bridge tower 2 can be horizontal and move away from the bridge deck 3 together with the first slider 25 and the cable 6, and only the counterweight 4 remains on the bridge deck 3. The following methods are included:

[0041] 4). Change the supporting positions of the two columns 7 on the bridge deck 3 and observe the numerical changes of the pressure sensor 8, so that students can clearly understand the stress states of the columns 7 under different beam bridge structures.

[0042] 5). After students initially master the calculation method of beam bridges, they can convert by means of equal-proportion scaling and verify with the model. The content to be verified is the stress states of the two columns.

[0043] The utility model can not only be used in the teaching process, but also for external exhibitions and student training, realizing the function of integrating exhibition, teaching and training.

[0044] In the description of the embodiments, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation.

Claims

1. An integrated model for both cable-stayed bridges and beam bridges, characterized in that: It includes a bottom plate (1), on which a vertical bridge tower (2) is provided. The bridge tower (2) is screwed to the bottom plate (1). An elastic bridge plate (3) is provided on the bridge tower (2), and the bridge plate (3) is rotatably connected to the bridge tower (2). A plurality of counterweight blocks (4) are provided on both sides of the bridge plate (3). A slide bar (5) is provided on the top surface of the bridge plate (3), and six to twelve first sliders (25) are provided on the slide bar (5). A first locking mechanism is provided between the first slider (25) and the slide bar (5), and the first slider (25) is connected to the bridge tower (2) through a cable (6). Columns (7) are provided on both sides of the bridge tower (2), the lower ends of the columns (7) are screwed to the bottom plate (1), the upper ends of the columns (7) support the bridge plate (3), and a pressure sensor (8) is provided between the column (7) and the bridge plate (3).

2. The integrated model of cable-stayed bridge and beam bridge for exhibition and teaching purposes according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hole (9) through which the bridge plate (3) passes is provided on the bridge tower (2). Chute grooves (10) are provided on both sides of the bridge plate (3), and second sliders (11) are provided in the chute grooves (10). A second locking mechanism is provided between the second slider (11) and the bridge plate (3). A rotating shaft (12) is provided in the middle of the second slider (11). One end of the rotating shaft (12) extends outwards and is fixed to the bridge tower (2), and the inner end of the rotating shaft (12) is rotatably connected to the second slider (11).

3. The integrated model of a cable-stayed bridge and a girder bridge for teaching and training purposes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The counterweight block (4) is an isosceles trapezoid with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part. A third slider (13) matching the chute groove (10) is provided on the counterweight block (4). The top surface of the third slider (13) is flush with the top surface of the bridge plate (3), and the width of the third slider (13) is smaller than the width of the counterweight block (4).

4. The integrated model of a cable-stayed bridge and a beam bridge for exhibition and teaching purposes according to claim 1, characterized in that: A groove (14) is provided at the upper end of the column (7), a pressure sensor (8) is provided on the bottom surface of the groove (14), the pressure sensor (8) is a strain gauge, a lower fixed plate (15) matching the groove (14) is provided above the pressure sensor (8), an upper rotating plate (16) supporting the bridge plate (3) is provided above the lower fixed plate (15), and the lower fixed plate (15) is hinged to the upper rotating plate (16).

5. The integrated model of a cable-stayed bridge and a girder bridge for teaching and learning purposes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cable (6) includes a first rope (17) connecting the first slider (25). The first rope (17) is connected to a second rope (19) through a turnbuckle (18). The second rope (19) is connected to a third rope (21) through a tension sensor (20), and the third rope (21) is connected to the bridge tower (2).

6. The integrated model for lessons learned of the cable-stayed bridge and beam bridge dual-purpose according to claim 5, characterized in that: A hook (22) is provided at the end of the third rope (21). A plurality of hanging holes (23) arranged from top to bottom are provided on both sides of the bridge tower (2). The hanging holes (23) are located above the connection between the bridge tower (2) and the bridge plate (3), and the hook (22) is connected to the bridge tower (2) through the hanging hole (23).

7. The integrated model of a cable-stayed bridge and a girder bridge for teaching purposes according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressing plate (24) is provided at the top of the first slider (25). The pressing plate (24) is screwed to the first slider (25), and the first rope (17) passes through the space between the pressing plate (24) and the first slider (25).

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