Device for controlling thermal runaway of single lithium ion battery

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery production and safety, and particularly relates to a device for controlling thermal runaway of a single lithium ion battery. Comprising a lithium battery body, and top cover plates are mounted at two ends outside the lithium battery body; the lithium battery body is communicated with the first connecting pipe through the top cover plate at one end, and is communicated with the liquid discharging pipe through the top cover plate at the other end; the other end of the first connecting pipe is communicated with the flame retardant storage device; the input end of the flame retardant storage device is communicated with a second connecting pipe, and the other end of the second connecting pipe is communicated with a gas source; a first valve is mounted on the first connecting pipe, and a second valve is mounted on the second connecting pipe; the lithium battery body is provided with a temperature monitoring unit, and the early warning temperature is Tw; by injecting a large amount of flame retardant into the pole piece, the lithium ion battery is cooled and the ignition point is extinguished, thermal runaway and thermal diffusion of the lithium ion battery are prevented, fire disasters are effectively avoided, and the life and property safety of people is protected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of lithium-ion battery production and safety, and particularly relates to a device for controlling thermal runaway of a single lithium-ion battery. Background Art

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries are known as the "green chemical energy" in the 21st century and have been widely used in many fields such as power batteries and energy storage. With the increasing popularity of lithium-ion batteries, the safety issues in their use have become more and more prominent, especially the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries.

[0003] The thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries is a complex process, mainly due to a series of complex and interrelated "chain side reactions" inside the battery. From local short circuits to large-area short circuits, the internal temperature of the battery rises rapidly, reaching up to over 800 °C, triggering the battery to catch fire and explode. The thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries has great hazards, not only causing serious safety accidents, but also resulting in environmental pollution and economic losses. When a lithium-ion battery undergoes thermal runaway, it will release a large amount of heat and gas, which may cause serious safety accidents such as explosions and fires. In fields such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems, if one or several battery cells in a battery pack undergo thermal runaway, it may cause the thermal runaway of the entire battery pack, leading to serious consequences. When a lithium-ion battery undergoes thermal runaway, it will release a large amount of toxic and harmful gases and waste gases, such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, etc., polluting the environment and posing certain hazards to human health. Especially in large battery packs such as energy storage systems, if thermal runaway occurs, its impact on the environment will be even more serious. The thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries may cause damage or scrapping of related equipment, resulting in huge economic losses. How to control the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently in the field of lithium-ion batteries.

[0004] Therefore, a device for controlling thermal runaway of a single lithium-ion battery is needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Utility Model

[0005] In view of the above problems, the utility model proposes a device for controlling thermal runaway of a single lithium-ion battery, which includes a lithium battery body, and top cover plates are installed at both external ends of the lithium battery body; the lithium battery body is communicated with a first connecting pipe through one end top cover plate, and the lithium battery body is communicated with a drain pipe through the other end top cover plate;

[0006] The other end of the first connecting pipe is communicated with a flame retardant storage; the input end of the flame retardant storage is communicated with a second connecting pipe, and the other end of the second connecting pipe is communicated with a gas source; a first valve is installed on the first connecting pipe, and a second valve is installed on the second connecting pipe;

[0007] A temperature monitoring unit is installed on the lithium battery body, where the warning temperature is Tw.

[0008] Further, a first explosion-proof valve is installed at one end of the first connecting pipe close to the lithium battery body; a second explosion-proof valve is installed at one end of the drain pipe close to the lithium battery body.

[0009] Further, the other end of the drain pipe is communicated with a waste liquid recovery tank.

[0010] Further, a pressure detection unit is installed on the lithium battery body, where the warning pressure is Pw.

[0011] Further, the opening pressure range of the first explosion-proof valve is 0.1 - 0.3 Mpa.

[0012] Further, the opening pressure range of the second explosion-proof valve is 0.3 - 0.5 Mpa.

[0013] Further, the pressure range of the gas source is 0.3 - 0.6 Mpa.

[0014] Further, the flame retardant stored in the flame retardant storage is an organic halogen-based or phosphorus-based flame retardant.

[0015] Further, an outlet is provided on the waste liquid recovery tank.

[0016] Further, the first valve and the second valve are pneumatic or electric valves.

[0017] In the initial stage when thermal runaway occurs in the single lithium battery body, the present disclosure injects a large amount of flame retardant into the electrode sheet to cool down the lithium-ion battery and extinguish the ignition point, prevent thermal runaway and thermal diffusion of the lithium-ion battery, effectively avoid the occurrence of fire, and protect the safety of people's lives and property.

[0018] Other features and advantages of the present utility model will be described in the subsequent description, and, in part, will be obvious from the description or will be understood by implementing the present utility model. The objectives and other advantages of the present utility model can be achieved and obtained through the structures pointed out in the description, claims, and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are some embodiments of the present utility model. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0020] Figure 1The structural schematic diagram of the present utility model is shown.

[0021] In the figure, 1 is the lithium battery body; 2 is the top cover plate; 3 is the first connecting pipe; 4 is the drain pipe; 5 is the flame retardant storage; 6 is the second connecting pipe; 7 is the gas source; 8 is the first valve; 9 is the second valve; 10 is the temperature monitoring unit; 11 is the first explosion-proof valve; 12 is the second explosion-proof valve; 13 is the waste liquid recovery tank; 14 is the pressure detection unit. Specific embodiments

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present utility model clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model. Apparently, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0023] The embodiments of the present utility model provide a device for controlling thermal runaway of a single lithium-ion battery to solve the problem that thermal runaway of a lithium-ion battery in the prior art easily causes serious safety accidents. Refer to Figure 1 , which includes a lithium battery body 1. Top cover plates 2 are installed at both outer ends of the lithium battery body 1; the lithium battery body 1 is communicated with a first connecting pipe 3 through one end of the top cover plate 2, and the lithium battery body 1 is communicated with a drain pipe 4 through the other end of the top cover plate 2;

[0024] The other end of the first connecting pipe 3 is communicated with a flame retardant storage 5; the input end of the flame retardant storage 5 is communicated with a second connecting pipe 6, and the other end of the second connecting pipe 6 is communicated with a gas source 7; a first valve 8 is installed on the first connecting pipe 3, and a second valve 9 is installed on the second connecting pipe 6;

[0025] A temperature monitoring unit 10 is installed on the housing of the lithium battery body 1, and the warning temperature is Tw; by setting the temperature monitoring unit 10 on the lithium battery body 1, the temperature of the lithium battery body 1 can be monitored in real time, so that the lithium battery body 1 can be cooled more timely; the flame retardant in the flame retardant storage 5 quickly enters the interior of the lithium battery body 11, and the thermal runaway can be completely controlled more quickly and safely.

[0026] In one embodiment, a first explosion-proof valve 11 is installed at one end of the first connecting pipe 3 close to the lithium battery body 1; a second explosion-proof valve 12 is installed at one end of the drain pipe 4 close to the lithium battery body 1; by installing the first explosion-proof valve 11 and the second explosion-proof valve 12 at both ends of the lithium battery body 1, the amount of the flame retardant entering the lithium battery body 1 can be controlled according to requirements, and the rational utilization of the flame retardant is optimized to the maximum.

[0027] The other end of the above-mentioned drain pipe 4 communicates with the waste liquid recovery tank 13; by arranging the waste liquid recovery tank 13 at one end of the drain pipe 4, the used flame retardant is recovered and collected, which is convenient for the subsequent treatment of the flame retardant.

[0028] A pressure detection unit 14 is installed on the above-mentioned lithium battery body 1, and the warning pressure is Pw; by setting the pressure detection unit 14, the pressure condition of the lithium battery body 1 is monitored, so that the condition of the lithium battery body 1 can be monitored from the data in different aspects, and thus the thermal runaway of the lithium battery body 1 can be monitored more accurately, and then the thermal runaway condition can be processed more quickly.

[0029] The opening pressure range of the above-mentioned first explosion-proof valve 11 is 0.1 - 0.3 Mpa; by setting the opening range of the first explosion-proof valve 11 to 0.1 - 0.3 Mpa, the flame retardant in the flame retardant storage 5 can easily enter the lithium battery body 1 through the first explosion-proof valve 11 for cooling work.

[0030] The opening pressure range of the above-mentioned second explosion-proof valve 12 is 0.3 - 0.5 Mpa; the opening pressure range of the second explosion-proof valve 12 is 0.3 - 0.5 Mpa, and the pressure opening range is greater than that of the first explosion-proof valve 11, so that the first explosion-proof valve 11 and the second explosion-proof valve 12 are opened successively; realizing the cooling and flame retardant of the electrode plates of the lithium battery body 1 in the early stage; and the cooling and flame retardant of the inside of the lithium battery body 1 in the later stage.

[0031] The pressure range of the above-mentioned gas source 7 is 0.3 - 0.6 Mpa; the pressure range of the gas source 7 is slightly greater than the opening pressure range of the second explosion-proof valve 12 to ensure that the first explosion-proof valve 11 and the second explosion-proof valve 12 can be opened.

[0032] The flame retardant stored in the above-mentioned flame retardant storage 5 is organic halogen-based or phosphorus-based; the organic halogen-based flame retardant has high flame retardant efficiency and less dosage; the organic phosphorus-based flame retardant has the advantages of high efficiency, low smoke, non-toxic and green environmental protection.

[0033] An outlet is provided on the above-mentioned waste liquid recovery tank 13; by providing an outlet on the waste liquid recovery tank 13, the outlet can communicate with the atmosphere to facilitate the observation of the situation in the waste liquid recovery tank 13, and the outlet can also communicate with the subsequent treatment mechanism to facilitate the removal of the flame retardant in the waste liquid recovery tank 13 for later treatment.

[0034] The above-mentioned first valve 8 and second valve 9 are pneumatic or electric valves; the electric valve has good effects on liquid media and large-diameter gases and is not affected by climate and compressed air; the gas valve has good effects on gas media and small-diameter liquids and is convenient for maintenance.

[0035] In specific implementation, first set the warning temperature of the lithium battery body 1 as Tw and the warning pressure as Pw; during the use of the lithium battery body 1, monitor the battery temperature T and the internal pressure P, and the pressure detection unit 14 can also detect the internal pressure growth rate S;

[0036] When it is monitored that at least one of the battery temperature T, internal pressure P, and pressure growth rate S of the lithium battery body 1 exceeds the warning values Tw, Pw, and Sw, start the preset program. Tw can be set to 90 °C, Pw can be set to 0.5 Mpa, and Sw can be set to 5 Mpa / min; automatically open the first valve 8 and the second valve 9 respectively. The first valve 8 and the second valve 9 can be electric valves or pneumatic valves and open directly; the gas in the gas source 7 flows into the flame retardant storage 5 through the second connecting pipe 6, and pushes the flame retardant in the flame retardant storage 5 to flow into the lithium battery body 1 through the first connecting pipe 3 for cooling;

[0037] When the pressure range reaches the opening range of the first explosion-proof valve 11, which is 0.1 - 0.3 Mpa, but does not reach the opening range of the second explosion-proof valve 12, which is 0.3 - 0.5 Mpa, the first explosion-proof valve 11 opens, and the flame retardant is sprayed into the lithium battery body 1 to cool down and retard the flame of the electrodes of the lithium battery body 1; when the pressure range reaches the opening range of the second explosion-proof valve 12, which is 0.3 - 0.5 Mpa, the second explosion-proof valve 12 opens, and the flame retardant continues to flow to cool down and retard the flame inside the lithium battery body 1. The sprayed flame retardant flows out into the waste liquid recovery tank 13 through the drain pipe 4. A filter screen can be installed in the waste liquid recovery tank 13 to conduct preliminary treatment on the used flame retardant. The outlet on the waste liquid recovery tank 13 can be connected to the subsequent treatment mechanism for the flame retardant. After preliminary treatment in the waste liquid recovery tank 13, the flame retardant flows into the subsequent treatment mechanism; then close the first valve 8 and the second valve 9 to complete the control of thermal runaway, and the inside of the lithium battery body 1 is filled with flame retardant;

[0038] After that, continuously monitor the temperature T of the lithium battery body 1. Once the temperature of the lithium battery body 1 exceeds the warning value, start the preset program, open the first valve 8 and the second valve 9 respectively, and continue to retard the flame and cool down the lithium battery body 1.

[0039] The utility model realizes the cooling of the lithium-ion battery and the extinguishing of the ignition point by injecting a large amount of flame retardant into the electrodes at the initial stage of thermal runaway of the single lithium battery body 1, prevents the thermal runaway and thermal diffusion of the lithium-ion battery, effectively avoids the occurrence of fire, and protects the safety of people's lives and property.

[0040] Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A device for controlling thermal runaway of a single lithium-ion battery, characterized in that It includes a lithium battery body (1), and top cover plates (2) are installed at both outer ends of the lithium battery body (1); the lithium battery body (1) is communicated with a first connecting pipe (3) through one end top cover plate (2), and the lithium battery body (1) is communicated with a drain pipe (4) through the other end top cover plate (2); The other end of the first connecting pipe (3) is communicated with a flame retardant storage (5); the input end of the flame retardant storage (5) is communicated with a second connecting pipe (6), and the other end of the second connecting pipe (6) is communicated with a gas source (7); a first valve (8) is installed on the first connecting pipe (3), and a second valve (9) is installed on the second connecting pipe (6); A temperature monitoring unit (10) is installed on the lithium battery body (1), and the warning temperature is Tw.

2. The thermal runaway control device for a single lithium-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein A first explosion-proof valve (11) is installed at one end of the first connecting pipe (3) close to the lithium battery body (1); a second explosion-proof valve (12) is installed at one end of the drain pipe (4) close to the lithium battery body (1).

3. The thermal runaway control device for a single lithium-ion battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The other end of the drain pipe (4) is communicated with a waste liquid recovery tank (13).

4. The thermal runaway control device for a single lithium-ion battery according to claim 3, characterized in that A pressure detection unit (14) is installed on the lithium battery body (1), and the warning pressure is Pw.

5. The thermal runaway control device for a single lithium-ion battery according to claim 4, characterized in that, The opening pressure range of the first explosion-proof valve (11) is 0.1 - 0.3 Mpa.

6. The thermal runaway control device for a single lithium-ion battery according to claim 5, characterized in that, The opening pressure range of the second explosion-proof valve (12) is 0.3 - 0.5 Mpa.

7. The thermal runaway control device for a single lithium-ion battery according to claim 6, wherein The pressure range of the gas source (7) is 0.3 - 0.6 Mpa.

8. A device for controlling thermal runaway of a single lithium-ion battery according to claim 7, characterized in that, The flame retardant stored in the flame retardant storage (5) is an organic halogen-based or phosphorus-based flame retardant.

9. The thermal runaway control device for a single lithium-ion battery according to claim 3, wherein An outlet is provided on the waste liquid recovery tank (13).

10. A device for controlling thermal runaway of a single lithium-ion battery according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first valve (8) and the second valve (9) are pneumatic or electric valves.

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