Fuel cell cogeneration system
By controlling the opening of the electrically controlled three-way valve and the constant temperature three-way valve, the distribution of liquid in the fuel cell heat and power supply system is achieved, which solves the problem that the radiator cannot be supplied separately and the heat recovery is insufficient, and improves the system efficiency and stack performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421424727.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-25
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-06-20
AI Technical Summary
In the existing fuel cell system, the heat exchanger in series cannot be supplied separately before the radiator, and the heat is not recovered enough at low power, so it cannot meet the heating needs in time, and the heat dissipation cannot be actively controlled, resulting in a low stack temperature affecting efficiency and life.
A fuel cell heat and electricity supply system is designed, including a fuel cell system controller, fuel cell stack module and cooling system. By controlling the opening of the electronically controlled three-way valve and the constant temperature three-way valve, the liquid does not flow through the heat exchanger in all or part, giving priority to ensuring the heating system needs, recycling the cooling system heat, and reducing the working time and power of the radiator.
On the premise of ensuring the performance of the stack, priority is given to meeting the needs of the heating system, improving system efficiency, reducing the working time and power of the radiator, and extending the life of the stack.
Smart Images
Figure CN223156043U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to a fuel cell combined heat and power supply system. Background Art
[0002] A fuel cell is an energy conversion device that generates electrical energy through the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, and has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, simple structure, low noise, and no pollution. In addition to generating electrical energy and water during the fuel cell reaction process, a large amount of heat is also released. The released heat needs to be dissipated externally through the cooling system in the fuel cell to ensure the normal operation of the fuel cell. If the heat dissipated by the fuel cell system through cooling can be effectively utilized, the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system will be greatly improved.
[0003] At present, the fuel cell cooling system basically adopts direct radiator discharge, that is, the fuel cell reaction heat carried out by the cooling system is not recycled. There are also some that connect a heat exchanger in series before the radiator in the fuel cell cooling circuit to partially recover the heat of the cooling system. It cannot supply heat independently, and when the fuel cell is at low power, the heat recovery is insufficient and cannot meet the heating demand in time. The heat dissipation amount cannot be actively controlled, which is likely to cause the temperature of the fuel cell stack to be too low, further affecting the efficiency and life of the stack. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a fuel cell combined heat and power supply system to solve the technical problems in the prior art that a heat exchanger is connected in series before the radiator to partially recover the heat of the cooling system, which cannot supply heat independently, and when the fuel cell is at low power, the heat recovery is insufficient and cannot meet the heating demand in time. The heat dissipation amount cannot be actively controlled, which is likely to cause the temperature of the fuel cell stack to be too low, further affecting the efficiency and life of the stack.
[0005] The technical solution of the utility model is realized as follows:
[0006] The utility model provides a fuel cell combined heat and power supply system, including a fuel cell system controller, a fuel cell stack module, and a cooling system. The fuel cell system controller controls the operation of the fuel cell stack module and the cooling system. The cooling system is connected to the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack module. Its characteristics are as follows:
[0007] The cooling system includes a fuel cell cooling water pump, a thermostatic three-way valve, a PTC heater, a radiator, a heat exchanger, and an electronically controlled three-way valve. The coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack module is connected to the input end of the fuel cell cooling water pump, the output end of the fuel cell cooling water pump is connected to the first pipeline interface of the thermostatic three-way valve, the second pipeline interface of the thermostatic three-way valve is connected to the input end of the PTC heater, the third pipeline interface of the thermostatic three-way valve is connected to the input end of the radiator, the output end of the radiator is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack module, the output end of the PTC heater is connected to the fourth pipeline interface of the electronically controlled three-way valve, the fifth pipeline interface of the electronically controlled three-way valve is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack module, the sixth pipeline interface of the electronically controlled three-way valve is connected to the input end of the heat exchanger, and the output end of the heat exchanger is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack module. By controlling the electronically controlled three-way valve, it is possible to achieve that the liquid completely or partially or not at all flows through the heat exchanger.
[0008] The heat exchanger described above includes a hot water chamber side and a cold water chamber side. The sixth pipeline interface of the electronically controlled three-way valve is connected to the input end of the hot water chamber side of the heat exchanger, and the output end of the hot water chamber side of the heat exchanger is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack module.
[0009] The cooling system described above further includes a hot water pump and a heat storage water tank. One input end of the heat storage water tank is connected to an external water inlet, one output end of the heat storage water tank is connected to the input end of the cold water chamber side of the heat exchanger, the output end of the cold water chamber side of the heat exchanger is connected to the input end of the hot water pump, the output end of the hot water pump is connected to the other input end of the heat storage water tank, and the other output end of the heat storage water tank is connected to a hot water supply outlet.
[0010] The heat storage water tank described above is provided with a TTD1 temperature sensor, a TTD2 temperature sensor, and a liquid level gauge.
[0011] The radiator described above is provided with a fan.
[0012] A particle filter is provided between the output end of the radiator described above and the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack module.
[0013] The cooling system described above further includes a deionized filter and an expansion tank. The input end of the deionized filter is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack module, the output end of the deionized filter is connected to the input end of the expansion tank, and the output end of the expansion tank is connected to the input end of the fuel cell cooling water pump.
[0014] The cooling system described above further includes BOP cooling. The input end of the BOP cooling is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack module, and the output end of the BOP cooling is connected to the input end of the expansion tank.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present utility model has the following advantages:
[0016] 1. The utility model includes a fuel cell system controller, a fuel cell stack module and a cooling system. The fuel cell system controller controls the operation of the fuel cell stack module and the cooling system. The cooling system is connected to the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack module. The cooling system includes a fuel cell cooling water pump, a constant temperature three-way valve, a PTC heater, a radiator, a heat exchanger and an electronic control three-way valve. The coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack module is connected to the input end of the fuel cell cooling water pump. The output end of the fuel cell cooling water pump is connected to the first pipeline interface of the constant temperature three-way valve. The second pipeline interface of the constant temperature three-way valve is connected to the input end of the PTC heater. The third pipeline interface of the constant temperature three-way valve is connected to the input end of the radiator. The output end of the radiator is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack module. The output end of the PTC heater is connected to the fourth pipeline interface of the electronic control three-way valve. The fifth pipeline interface of the electronic control three-way valve is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack module. The sixth pipeline interface of the electronic control three-way valve is connected to the input end of the heat exchanger. The output end of the heat exchanger is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack module. By controlling the electronic control three-way valve, it is possible to make the liquid flow through the heat exchanger completely or partially or not at all. By controlling the opening degrees of the constant temperature three-way valve and the electronic control three-way valve, on the premise of ensuring the performance of the fuel cell stack module, the demand of the heating system is preferably ensured, the heat of the cooling system is recovered, the working time and power of the radiator are reduced, and the efficiency of the fuel cell system is improved.
[0017] 2. Other advantages of the utility model are described in detail in the embodiment part of the specification. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Figure 1 is the schematic diagram provided by the utility model;
[0019] Figure 2 is the schematic diagram of the fuel cell system controller provided by the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0020] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the utility model clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the utility model.
[0021] Embodiment 1:
[0022] As Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a fuel cell combined heat and power supply system, including a fuel cell system controller 1, a fuel cell stack module 2, and a cooling system 3. The fuel cell system controller 1 controls the operation of the fuel cell stack module 2 and the cooling system 3. The cooling system 3 is connected to the coolant inlet 21 and the coolant outlet 22 of the fuel cell stack module 2. Its characteristics are as follows:
[0023] The cooling system 3 includes a fuel cell cooling water pump 31, a thermostatic three-way valve 32, a PTC heater 33, a radiator 34, a heat exchanger 30, and an electric control three-way valve 35. The coolant outlet 22 of the fuel cell stack module 2 is connected to the input end of the fuel cell cooling water pump 31. The output end of the fuel cell cooling water pump 31 is connected to the first pipeline interface 321 of the thermostatic three-way valve 32. The second pipeline interface 322 of the thermostatic three-way valve 32 is connected to the input end of the PTC heater 33. The third pipeline interface 323 of the thermostatic three-way valve 32 is connected to the input end of the radiator 34. The output end of the radiator 34 is connected to the coolant inlet 21 of the fuel cell stack module 2. The output end of the PTC heater 33 is connected to the fourth pipeline interface 351 of the electric control three-way valve 35. The fifth pipeline interface 352 of the electric control three-way valve 35 is connected to the coolant inlet 21 of the fuel cell stack module 2. The sixth pipeline interface 353 of the electric control three-way valve 35 is connected to the input end of the heat exchanger 30. The output end of the heat exchanger 30 is connected to the coolant inlet 21 of the fuel cell stack module 2. By controlling the electric control three-way valve 35, it is possible to make the liquid flow through the heat exchanger 30 completely or partially or not at all. By controlling the opening degrees of the thermostatic three-way valve and the electric control three-way valve, on the premise of ensuring the performance of the fuel cell stack module, the demand of the heating system is preferably ensured, the heat of the cooling system is recovered, the working time and power of the radiator are reduced, and the efficiency of the fuel cell system is improved.
[0024] The control principle of the present utility model:
[0025] State 1: When the heat exchanger is working, the flow path of the cooling liquid in the fuel cell small circulation loop is: fuel cell stack - fuel cell cooling water pump - thermostatic three-way valve 32 (the first pipeline interface 321 is communicated with the second pipeline interface 322, and the third pipeline interface 323 is closed) - heater - electric control three-way valve 35 (the fourth pipeline interface 351 is communicated with the sixth pipeline interface 353, and the fifth pipeline interface 352 is closed) - the hot water chamber side of the heat exchanger - fuel cell stack.
[0026] State 2: When the heat exchanger is working, the flow path of the cooling liquid in the fuel cell large and small circulation hybrid loop is as follows: ① Fuel cell stack - Fuel cell cooling water pump - Constant temperature three-way valve 32 (the first pipeline interface 321 and the second pipeline interface 322 are partially conducted, the first pipeline interface 321 and the third pipeline interface 323 are partially conducted) - Heater - Electric control three-way valve 35 (the fourth pipeline interface 351 and the sixth pipeline interface 353 are conducted, the fifth pipeline interface 352 is closed) - The hot water chamber side of the heat exchanger - Fuel cell stack. ② Fuel cell stack - Fuel cell cooling water pump - Constant temperature three-way valve 32 (the first pipeline interface 321 and the second pipeline interface 322 are partially conducted, the first pipeline interface 321 and the third pipeline interface 323 are partially conducted) - Radiator - Fuel cell stack.
[0027] State 3: When the heat exchanger is not working, the flow path of the cooling liquid in the fuel cell small circulation loop is as follows: Fuel cell stack - Fuel cell cooling water pump - Constant temperature three-way valve 32 (the first pipeline interface 321 and the second pipeline interface 322 are conducted, the third pipeline interface 323 is closed) - Heater - Electric control three-way valve 35 (the fourth pipeline interface 351 and the fifth pipeline interface 352 are conducted, the sixth pipeline interface 353 is closed) - Fuel cell stack.
[0028] State 4: When the heat exchanger is partially working, the flow path of the cooling liquid in the fuel cell small circulation loop is as follows: Fuel cell stack - Fuel cell cooling water pump - Constant temperature three-way valve 32 (the first pipeline interface 321 and the second pipeline interface 322 are conducted, the third pipeline interface 323 is closed) - Heater - Electric control three-way valve 35 (the fourth pipeline interface 351 & the sixth pipeline interface 353 are partially conducted, the fourth pipeline interface 351 and the fifth pipeline interface 352 are partially conducted) - The hot water chamber side of the heat exchanger - Fuel cell stack.
[0029] Status Five: When the heat exchanger is partially working, the flow path of the cooling liquid in the fuel cell large and small circulation hybrid loop is as follows: ① Fuel cell stack - Fuel cell cooling water pump - Constant temperature three-way valve 32 (the first pipeline interface 321 and the second pipeline interface 322 are partially conducted, the first pipeline interface 321 and the third pipeline interface 323 are partially conducted) - Heater - Electric control three-way valve 35 (the fourth pipeline interface 351 and the sixth pipeline interface 353 are partially conducted, the fourth pipeline interface 351 and the fifth pipeline interface 352 are partially conducted) - The hot water chamber side of the heat exchanger - Fuel cell stack. ② Fuel cell stack - Fuel cell cooling water pump - Constant temperature three-way valve 32 (the first pipeline interface 321 and the second pipeline interface 322 are partially conducted, the first pipeline interface 321 and the third pipeline interface 323 are partially conducted) - Heater - Electric control three-way valve 35 (the fourth pipeline interface 351 and the sixth pipeline interface 353 are partially conducted, the fourth pipeline interface 351 and the fifth pipeline interface 352 are partially conducted) - Fuel cell stack. ③ Fuel cell stack - Fuel cell cooling water pump - Constant temperature three-way valve 32 (the first pipeline interface 321 and the second pipeline interface 322 are partially conducted, the first pipeline interface 321 and the third pipeline interface 323 are partially conducted) - Radiator - Fuel cell stack.
[0030] When the heating demand is small, the combined heat and power system can be in the above-mentioned Status Four or Status Five, so that the liquid flows through the heat exchanger less. Through the comprehensive control of the constant temperature three-way valve 32 and the electric control three-way valve 35, the fluctuation of the inlet temperature TTD3 of the fuel cell stack is reduced, and the performance and service life of the fuel cell stack are improved.
[0031] The above-mentioned heat exchanger 30 includes a hot water chamber side 301 and a cold water chamber side 302. The sixth pipeline interface 353 of the electric control three-way valve 35 is connected to the input end of the hot water chamber side 301 of the heat exchanger 30, and the output end of the hot water chamber side 301 of the heat exchanger 30 is connected to the coolant inlet 21 of the fuel cell stack module 2.
[0032] The above-mentioned cooling system 3 further includes a hot water pump 36 and a heat storage and water tank 37. One input end of the heat storage and water tank 37 is connected to an external water inlet, one output end of the heat storage and water tank 37 is connected to the input end of the cold water chamber side 302 of the heat exchanger 30, the output end of the cold water chamber side 302 of the heat exchanger 30 is connected to the input end of the hot water pump 36, the output end of the hot water pump 36 is connected to the other input end of the heat storage and water tank 37, and the other output end of the heat storage and water tank 37 is connected to a hot water supply outlet.
[0033] The above-mentioned heat storage and water tank 37 is provided with a TTD1 temperature sensor 371, a TTD2 temperature sensor 372 and a liquid level gauge 373, and the structural layout is reasonable.
[0034] The above-mentioned radiator 34 is provided with a fan 341 to improve the heat dissipation effect of the radiator, and the fuel cell controller controls the operation of the fan of the radiator.
[0035] A particle filter 38 is provided between the output end of the radiator 34 described above and the coolant inlet 21 of the fuel cell stack module 2, with a filtering effect.
[0036] The cooling system 3 described above further includes a deionization filter 39 and an expansion tank 300. The input end of the deionization filter 39 is connected to the coolant inlet 21 of the fuel cell stack module 2, the output end of the deionization filter 39 is connected to the input end of the expansion tank 300, and the output end of the expansion tank 300 is connected to the input end of the fuel cell cooling water pump 31, facilitating the overflow liquid to flow back to the fuel cell cooling water pump.
[0037] The cooling system 3 described above further includes a BOP cooling 3a. The input end of the BOP cooling 3a is connected to the coolant inlet 21 of the fuel cell stack module 2, and the output end of the BOP cooling 3a is connected to the input end of the expansion tank 300.
[0038] Innovation points of the present utility model:
[0039] 1. On the small circulation loop of the fuel cell cooling system, a heat exchanger is connected in parallel. Specifically, an electric control three-way valve is connected in series behind the PTC heater, and one passage of the electric control three-way valve is connected to the hot water chamber side of the heat exchanger; achieving rapid feedback to the heating system, making full use of the PTC heater, and enabling it to play an additional role in the heating system;
[0040] 2. The other passage is the small circulation loop of the cooling system. The electric control three-way valve can control the liquid to flow through / partially through / fully not through the heat exchanger;
[0041] 3. The system is provided with a pure electric heating mode, a fuel cell combined heat and power supply mode, and a fuel cell cold start mode; the PTC heater can be turned on according to the heating needs, and respond to the heating system demand alone or in combination with the stack heat dissipation;
[0042] 4. During cold start, the heat exchanger channel can be closed to enable the fuel cell system to quickly reach the operating state;
[0043] 5. By controlling the opening degrees of the two controllable three-way valves according to the temperature, on the premise of ensuring the performance of the stack, the heating system demand is preferentially ensured, the heat of the cooling system is recovered, the working time and power of the radiator fan are reduced, and the system efficiency is improved.
[0044] The above embodiments are the preferred embodiments of the present utility model, but the embodiments of the present utility model are not limited thereto. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present utility model are equivalent replacement methods and are all included in the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A fuel cell combined heat and power supply system, comprising a fuel cell system controller (1), a fuel cell stack module (2), and a cooling system (3). The fuel cell system controller (1) controls the operation of the fuel cell stack module (2) and the cooling system (3). The cooling system (3) is connected to the coolant inlet (21) and the coolant outlet (22) of the fuel cell stack module (2). It is characterized in that: The cooling system (3) includes a fuel cell cooling water pump (31), a thermostatic three-way valve (32), a PTC heater (33), a radiator (34), a heat exchanger (30), and an electronically controlled three-way valve (35). The coolant outlet (22) of the fuel cell stack module (2) is connected to the input end of the fuel cell cooling water pump (31). The output end of the fuel cell cooling water pump (31) is connected to the first pipeline interface (321) of the thermostatic three-way valve (32). The second pipeline interface (322) of the thermostatic three-way valve (32) is connected to the input end of the PTC heater (33). The third pipeline interface (323) of the thermostatic three-way valve (32) is connected to the input end of the radiator (34). The output end of the radiator (34) is connected to the coolant inlet (21) of the fuel cell stack module (2). The output end of the PTC heater (33) is connected to the fourth pipeline interface (351) of the electronically controlled three-way valve (35). The fifth pipeline interface (352) of the electronically controlled three-way valve (35) is connected to the coolant inlet (21) of the fuel cell stack module (2). The sixth pipeline interface (353) of the electronically controlled three-way valve (35) is connected to the input end of the heat exchanger (30). The output end of the heat exchanger (30) is connected to the coolant inlet (21) of the fuel cell stack module (2). By controlling the electronically controlled three-way valve (35), it is possible to make the liquid flow all or partially or not at all through the heat exchanger (30).
2. The fuel cell combined heat and power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchanger (30) includes a hot water chamber side (301) and a cold water chamber side (302). The sixth pipeline interface (353) of the electronically controlled three-way valve (35) is connected to the input end of the hot water chamber side (301) of the heat exchanger (30). The output end of the hot water chamber side (301) of the heat exchanger (30) is connected to the coolant inlet (21) of the fuel cell stack module (2).
3. The fuel cell combined heat and power supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cooling system (3) further includes a hot water pump (36) and a heat storage water tank (37). One input end of the heat storage water tank (37) is connected to an external water inlet. One output end of the heat storage water tank (37) is connected to the input end of the cold water chamber side (302) of the heat exchanger (30). The output end of the cold water chamber side (302) of the heat exchanger (30) is connected to the input end of the hot water pump (36). The output end of the hot water pump (36) is connected to the other input end of the heat storage water tank (37). The other output end of the heat storage water tank (37) is connected to a hot water supply outlet.
4. A fuel cell combined heat and power supply system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat storage water tank (37) is provided with a TTD1 temperature sensor (371), a TTD2 temperature sensor (372), and a liquid level gauge (373).
5. A fuel cell combined heat and power supply system according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, characterized in that: The radiator (34) is provided with a fan (341).
6. A fuel cell combined heat and power supply system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A particle filter (38) is provided between the output end of the radiator (34) and the coolant inlet (21) of the fuel cell stack module (2).
7. A fuel cell combined heat and power supply system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cooling system (3) further includes a deionization filter (39) and an expansion tank (300). The input end of the deionization filter (39) is connected to the coolant inlet (21) of the fuel cell stack module (2). The output end of the deionization filter (39) is connected to the input end of the expansion tank (300). The output end of the expansion tank (300) is connected to the input end of the fuel cell cooling water pump (31).
8. A fuel cell combined heat and power supply system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cooling system (3) further includes a BOP cooling (3a). The input end of the BOP cooling (3a) is connected to the coolant inlet (21) of the fuel cell stack module (2). The output end of the BOP cooling (3a) is connected to the input end of the expansion tank (300).