Thermal runaway exhaust system, battery module and battery pack

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of batteries, and discloses a thermal runaway exhaust system, a battery module and a battery pack, the thermal runaway exhaust system comprises a shell, a shell cover, an anti-explosion valve and a one-way exhaust assembly, an exhaust channel is arranged in the shell, and the internal space of the shell is divided into at least one isolation cavity by the exhaust channel; the shell cover is connected with the shell; the anti-explosion valve is arranged on the shell and arranged at the air outlet end of the exhaust channel. The one-way exhaust assembly is arranged in the shell, and the exhaust channel comprises a control piece. Thus, under the action of the control piece, high-temperature gas generated by the thermal runaway battery cell can enter the exhaust channel through the one-way exhaust assembly and flow to the position near the anti-explosion valve, and the gas pressure intensity around the anti-explosion valve can rapidly reach the pressure relief intensity; the one-way exhaust assembly can prevent gas in the exhaust channel from reversely flowing into the isolation cavity, and when a plurality of battery cells are arranged in the shell, the influence of high-temperature gas generated by thermal runaway of one battery cell on other battery cells can be avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a thermal runaway exhaust system, a battery module and a battery pack. Background Art

[0002] A battery is a device capable of generating electrical energy. It has a simple structure, is easy to carry, and the charging and discharging operations are simple and feasible, so it has been widely used.

[0003] The battery is usually installed inside a housing. By connecting the housing to the device to be powered, a stable current can be provided to the device to be powered. The battery includes battery cells. During the use of the battery, the battery cells may undergo thermal runaway due to reasons such as overcharging, short circuit, and high-temperature environment. When the battery cells experience thermal runaway, a large amount of high-temperature gas is generated. If the high-temperature gas accumulates inside the housing, there may be risks such as explosion. Therefore, an explosion-proof valve is provided on the housing. When the internal pressure of the housing reaches the pressure relief strength of the explosion-proof valve, the explosion-proof valve is promptly connected to the outside and pressure is relieved.

[0004] However, for heat dissipation needs, there is usually a gap between the battery and the housing. When the gas generated by local thermal runaway of the battery flows inside the housing, even if holes are opened in the cross beams or side beams inside the housing to allow the high-temperature gas to be discharged, it is difficult for the gas to concentrate around the explosion-proof valve, thereby prolonging the time for the ambient pressure around the explosion-proof valve to reach the pressure relief strength. That is, when thermal runaway occurs, the gas inside the housing is not easily discharged quickly through the explosion-proof valve, and the pressure relief efficiency is low. Summary of the Utility Model

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a thermal runaway exhaust system, a battery module and a battery pack to solve the problem of low pressure relief efficiency of the housing when the battery undergoes thermal runaway.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] On the one hand, a thermal runaway exhaust system includes: a housing, an exhaust passage is provided inside the housing, the exhaust passage divides the internal space of the housing into at least one isolation chamber for placing battery cells; a housing cover, the housing cover is connected to the housing; an explosion-proof valve communicated with the exhaust passage, the explosion-proof valve is arranged on the housing, and the explosion-proof valve is arranged at the gas outlet end of the exhaust passage so that the gas in the exhaust passage is discharged to the outside through the explosion-proof valve; a one-way exhaust assembly, the one-way exhaust assembly is arranged inside the housing, the exhaust passage includes a control member, when the gas pressure in the isolation chamber is greater than or equal to a preset value, the control member controls the one-way exhaust assembly to communicate the exhaust passage with the isolation chamber, and the gas in the isolation chamber is discharged to the exhaust passage through the one-way exhaust assembly in a directional manner. When the gas pressure in the isolation chamber is less than the preset value, the control member controls the one-way exhaust assembly to isolate the isolation chamber from the exhaust passage.

[0008] Preferably, the thermal runaway exhaust system further includes a baffle plate, the baffle plate is arranged inside the housing and connected to the housing, the isolation chamber and the exhaust passage are respectively located on both sides of the baffle plate, and the one-way exhaust assembly is arranged on the baffle plate.

[0009] Preferably, an exhaust hole is formed in the baffle plate, the one-way exhaust assembly includes an exhaust window plate, the exhaust window plate is connected to the control member, the exhaust window plate is arranged on the baffle plate corresponding to the position of the exhaust hole, the exhaust window plate is hinged to the baffle plate, when the gas pressure in the isolation chamber is greater than or equal to the preset value, the exhaust window plate rotates under the action of the control member to make the exhaust passage communicate with the isolation chamber through the exhaust hole, and the gas in the isolation chamber is discharged to the exhaust passage through the exhaust hole in a directional manner. When the gas pressure in the isolation chamber is less than the preset value, the exhaust window plate rotates under the action of the control member to cover the exhaust hole.

[0010] Preferably, the exhaust window plate covers the exhaust hole, and the exhaust window plate is arranged on the side of the baffle plate facing the exhaust passage.

[0011] Preferably, the control member includes a torsion spring, and the exhaust window plate is hinged to the baffle plate through the torsion spring for selectively rotating the exhaust window plate.

[0012] Preferably, a balance passage is provided inside the housing, the balance passage is communicated with all the isolation chambers and all the exhaust passages, and when the gas pressure in the isolation chamber is less than the preset value, all the isolation chambers and all the exhaust passages are communicated through the balance passage to balance the air pressure in the isolation chamber and the exhaust passage.

[0013] Preferably, when the gas pressure in the isolation chamber is greater than or equal to a preset value, the exhaust area of the balance channel is smaller than the exhaust area at the connection between the exhaust channel and the isolation chamber; and / or, when the gas pressure in the isolation chamber is greater than or equal to a preset value, the exhaust area at the connection between the exhaust channel and the isolation chamber is greater than the exhaust area of the explosion-proof valve.

[0014] Preferably, a first guiding groove extends from the shell cover towards the interior of the shell, and the first guiding groove is located on the side of the baffle away from the exhaust channel; and / or, a second guiding groove extends from the shell cover towards the interior of the shell, and the projection of the second guiding groove in the height direction of the shell partially coincides with the projection of the battery cell in the height direction of the shell, and the second guiding groove is arranged on the side of the battery cell away from the exhaust channel.

[0015] On the other hand, a battery module includes a battery cell and the thermal runaway exhaust system as described above, and at least one battery cell is arranged in the isolation chamber.

[0016] On yet another hand, a battery pack includes a battery module and the thermal runaway exhaust system as described above, at least one battery module is arranged in the isolation chamber, and the battery module includes at least one battery cell.

[0017] Advantages of the present utility model:

[0018] A thermal runaway exhaust system includes a shell, a shell cover, an explosion-proof valve communicated with the exhaust channel, and a one-way exhaust component. An exhaust channel is arranged inside the shell. The isolation chamber is used for placing a battery cell, and the exhaust channel divides the internal space of the shell into at least one isolation chamber; the shell cover is connected to the shell; the explosion-proof valve is arranged on the shell and is arranged at the air outlet end of the exhaust channel, so that the gas in the exhaust channel is discharged to the outside through the explosion-proof valve; the one-way exhaust component is arranged inside the shell. The exhaust channel includes a control member. When the gas pressure in the isolation chamber is greater than or equal to a preset value, the control member controls the one-way exhaust component to communicate the exhaust channel with the isolation chamber, and the gas in the isolation chamber is discharged to the exhaust channel through the one-way exhaust component. When the gas pressure in the isolation chamber is less than the preset value, the control member controls the one-way exhaust component to isolate the isolation chamber from the exhaust channel.

[0019] Thus, when the battery cell undergoes thermal runaway and generates high-temperature gas, the control member controls the one-way exhaust assembly to connect the isolation cavity and the exhaust passage, enabling the high-temperature gas to be directionally discharged into the exhaust passage through the one-way exhaust assembly and flow along the exhaust passage to the explosion-proof valve, so that the pressure at the explosion-proof valve can quickly reach the pressure relief intensity of the explosion-proof valve, enabling the explosion-proof valve to quickly discharge the high-temperature gas, preventing the gas carrying heat from continuing to accumulate in the isolation cavity and causing further damage to the battery cell, the housing, and the surrounding environment; when the gas pressure in the isolation cavity is less than the preset value, the control member controls the one-way exhaust assembly to isolate the isolation cavity from the exhaust passage to maintain the normal operation of the battery cell. Moreover, when multiple battery cells are installed in the housing, since the one-way exhaust assembly discharges the gas into the exhaust passage directionally, when the battery cell in one isolation cavity undergoes thermal runaway, the high-temperature gas generated will not reversely affect the normal battery cells in other isolation cavities, effectively controlling the loss and avoiding increasing the loss cost. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic partial structural diagram of a battery pack in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 is an enlarged view of part A of the thermal runaway exhaust system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the thermal runaway exhaust system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] In the figure:

[0025] 1. Housing; 11. Isolation cavity; l2. Exhaust passage; 13. Balance passage; 2. Housing cover; 21. First guide groove; 22. Second guide groove; 3. Explosion-proof valve; 4. One-way exhaust assembly; 41. Exhaust window plate; 42. Control member; 421. Fixed end; 422. Connection end; 5. Baffle; 51. Exhaust hole; 6. Battery cell; 7. Battery module; X. First direction. Detailed Description of the Embodiment

[0026] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It can be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than limiting the present invention. Additionally, it should be noted that for the sake of description, only parts related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, rather than all the structures.

[0027] In the description of the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "connected", "connected to", and "fixed" shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two components or the interaction relationship between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0028] In the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may include the direct contact between the first and second features, or may include the situation where the first and second features are not in direct contact but in contact through other features between them. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over", and "on" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature being "below", "under", and "beneath" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is lower than that of the second feature.

[0029] In the description of this embodiment, the orientation or positional relationships such as "above", "below", "right", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of description and simplifying the operation, rather than indicating or implying that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present utility model. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0030] Embodiment 1

[0031] Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2, the present utility model provides a thermal runaway exhaust system, which includes a housing 1, a housing cover 2, an explosion-proof valve 3 and a one-way exhaust assembly 4. An exhaust passage 12 is provided inside the housing 1, and the exhaust passage 12 divides the internal space of the housing 1 into at least one isolation chamber 11 for placing the battery cell 6; the housing cover 2 is connected to the housing 1; the explosion-proof valve 3 is provided on the housing 1; the explosion-proof valve 3 is arranged at the gas outlet end of the exhaust passage 12 and communicates with the exhaust passage 12, so that the gas in the exhaust passage 12 is discharged to the outside through the explosion-proof valve 3; the one-way exhaust assembly 4 is arranged inside the housing 1, and the exhaust passage 12 includes a control member 42. When the gas in the isolation chamber 11 is greater than or equal to a preset value, the control member 42 controls the one-way exhaust assembly 4 to connect the exhaust passage 12 with the isolation chamber 11, and the gas in the isolation chamber 11 is directionally discharged to the exhaust passage 12 through the one-way exhaust assembly 4. When the gas pressure in the isolation chamber 11 is less than the preset value, the control member 42 controls the one-way exhaust assembly 4 to isolate the isolation chamber 11 from the exhaust passage 12.

[0032] In this embodiment, there are two isolation chambers 11, and the exhaust passage 12 is arranged between the two isolation chambers 11. A plurality of battery cells 6 are arranged along the first direction X (i.e., the thickness direction of the battery cell 6) to form a battery cell group. One battery cell group is arranged in one isolation chamber 11. The housing cover 2 is detachably connected to the housing 1. There is one explosion-proof valve 3, and the explosion-proof valve 3 is located at one end of the exhaust passage 12. The volume of the exhaust passage 12 is smaller than the volume of the isolation chamber 11, and the length direction of the exhaust passage 12 is parallel to the first direction X. There are four one-way exhaust assemblies 4, and the four one-way exhaust assemblies 4 are arranged at equal intervals along the exhaust passage 12, and four corresponding control members 42 are provided.

[0033] It can be understood that the arrangement direction of the battery cells 6 is not limited to the first direction X, and they can also be arranged in other directions.

[0034] In this way, when the battery cell 6 has a thermal runaway, the control member 42 controls the connection between the isolation chamber 11 and the exhaust passage 12. The high-temperature gas ejected from the battery cell 6 enters the isolation chamber 11 and is discharged into the exhaust passage 12 through the one-way exhaust assembly 4. The high-temperature gas flows directionally along the exhaust passage 12 to the explosion-proof valve 3, causing the pressure at the explosion-proof valve 3 to rapidly increase and reach the pressure relief intensity of the explosion-proof valve 3, enabling the explosion-proof valve 3 to discharge gas in time, improving the pressure relief efficiency, and preventing the gas carrying heat from accumulating in the isolation chamber 11 and causing further damage to the battery cell 6, the housing 1, the housing cover 2 and the surrounding environment; multiple one-way exhaust assemblies 4 are provided. When the gas pressure in the isolation chamber 11 is greater than or equal to the preset value, the gas generated by the part of the battery cell 6 with a thermal runaway can be quickly discharged into the exhaust passage 12 through the nearby one-way exhaust assembly 4, improving the exhaust efficiency. When the gas in the isolation chamber 11 is less than the preset value, under the action of the control member 42, the one-way exhaust assembly 4 can isolate the isolation chamber 11 from the exhaust passage 12, making the isolation chamber 11 have good sealing performance.

[0035] It is understandable that the connection manner between the housing 1 and the housing cover 2 can be adjusted according to actual needs. For the convenience of loading and unloading the thermal runaway exhaust system, the housing 1 and the housing cover 2 can be detachably connected through structures such as buckles and bolts; the number of the one-way exhaust components 4 is not limited to four, and the number of the one-way exhaust components 4 can be adjusted according to the specifications of the battery cells 6 and the housing 1, and will not be listed here.

[0036] Refer to Figure 2 , in some embodiments, the thermal runaway exhaust system further includes a baffle 5. The baffle 5 is disposed inside the housing 1 and connected to the housing 1. The isolation chamber 11 and the exhaust passage 12 are respectively located on both sides of the baffle 5. That is, the baffle 5 divides the inner space of the housing 1 into the isolation chamber 11 and the exhaust passage 12, and the one-way exhaust components 4 are disposed on the baffle 5.

[0037] In this embodiment, gaps are respectively left between both sides of the battery cell 6 and the housing 1 and the baffle 5. The length direction of the baffle 5 is parallel to the length direction of the exhaust passage 12, and both ends of the baffle 5 are respectively welded to the inner wall of the housing 1.

[0038] In this way, the baffle 5 can provide support for the one-way exhaust components 4, and at the same time guide the gas in the isolation chamber 11 to be discharged directionally through the one-way exhaust components 4, reduce the flow of the gas in the isolation chamber 11, and make the pressure relief efficiency higher and the pressure relief effect more stable.

[0039] It is understandable that the baffle 5 can also be detachably connected to the housing 1, which is convenient for adjusting the position of the baffle 5 in the housing 1 according to the specifications of the battery cell 6, so that the gas can quickly be discharged from the isolation chamber 11 to the exhaust passage 12. The connection manner between the baffle 5 and the housing 1 can be flexibly adjusted and will not be elaborated here.

[0040] Refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , in some embodiments, exhaust holes 51 are formed in the baffle 5. The one-way exhaust component 4 includes an exhaust window plate 41. The exhaust window plate 41 is connected to a control member 42. The exhaust window plate 41 is disposed on the baffle 5 corresponding to the positions of the exhaust holes 51. The exhaust window plate 41 is hinged to the baffle 5. When the gas pressure in the isolation chamber 11 is greater than or equal to a preset value, the exhaust window plate 41 rotates under the action of the control member 42 to communicate the exhaust passage 12 with the isolation chamber 11 through the exhaust holes 51, and the gas in the isolation chamber 11 is discharged directionally to the exhaust passage 12 through the exhaust holes 51. When the gas pressure in the isolation chamber 11 is less than the preset value, the exhaust window plate 41 rotates under the action of the control member 42 to cover the exhaust holes 51.

[0041] Wherein, both the exhaust holes 51 and the exhaust window plate 41 are rectangular structures, and one exhaust window plate 41 is connected to each exhaust hole 51.

[0042] Thus, when the battery cell 6 undergoes thermal runaway, the gas pressure in the isolation cavity 11 is greater than or equal to the preset value. The pressure of the high-temperature gas at the baffle 5 gradually increases until the control member 42 controls the exhaust window plate 41 to be rotatable, enabling the isolation cavity 11 to communicate with the exhaust passage 12, and allowing the high-temperature gas to enter the exhaust passage 12 through the exhaust hole 51. When the battery cell 6 is in normal use, the gas pressure in the isolation cavity 11 is less than the preset value, and the control member 42 controls the exhaust window plate 41 to rotate so that it can block the exhaust hole 51, making the isolation cavity 11 relatively airtight and jointly protecting the battery cell 6 in the isolation cavity 11 with the baffle 5.

[0043] It can be understood that the shapes of the exhaust hole 51 and the exhaust window plate 41 can be adjusted according to actual needs, as long as it can achieve the communication between the isolation cavity 11 and the exhaust passage 12, which will not be elaborated here.

[0044] Refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , in some embodiments, the exhaust window plate 41 is disposed to cover the exhaust hole 51, that is, the longitudinal sectional area of the exhaust window plate 41 is greater than that of the exhaust hole 51, and the exhaust window plate 41 is disposed on the side of the baffle 5 facing the exhaust passage 12.

[0045] It should be noted that since the exhaust window plate 41 covers the exhaust hole 51 and is disposed on the side facing the exhaust passage 12, when the battery cell 6 undergoes thermal runaway, the gas pressure in the isolation cavity 11 is greater than or equal to the preset value. At this time, the control member 42 controls the exhaust window plate 41 to rotate towards the exhaust passage 12, allowing the gas in the isolation cavity 11 to be discharged to the exhaust passage 12 through the exhaust hole 51; when the battery cell 6 is in a normal state, the gas pressure in the isolation cavity 11 is less than the preset value, and the control member 42 controls the exhaust window plate 41 to reset and cover the baffle 5, enabling the exhaust window plate 41 to selectively exhaust according to the internal pressure state of the isolation cavity 11.

[0046] In this way, the control member 42 rotates or resets the exhaust window plate 41 towards the exhaust passage 12, which can achieve one-way exhaust, timely exhaust and relieve pressure during thermal runaway, and make the isolation cavity 11 abut against the baffle 5 after the pressure balance with the exhaust passage 12, and protect the battery cell 6 in the isolation cavity 11.

[0047] It can be understood that both the exhaust window plate 41 and the baffle 5 can be made of fireproof materials. When the battery cell 6 has serious thermal runaway and catches fire, the exhaust window plate 41 and the baffle 5 can block the flame and avoid affecting the surrounding environment, and the materials of the exhaust window plate 41 and the baffle 5 can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0048] Refer to Figure 3, in some embodiments, the control member 42 includes a torsion spring. The exhaust window plate 41 is hinged to the baffle 5 by the torsion spring and is used to selectively rotate the exhaust window plate 41. Among them, the control member 42 includes a fixed end 421 and a connecting end 422. The fixed end 421 is fixedly arranged on one side of the baffle 5 facing the exhaust passage 12, and the connecting end 422 is welded to the exhaust window plate 41.

[0049] Further, the torsion spring is a cylindrical helical torsion spring. The length of the torsion arm of the torsion spring is 15 mm - 20 mm. The working torque of the torsion spring is T, the pressure relief pressure of the explosion-proof valve 3 is F, and the distance from the end of the torsion arm to the rotation center is R. T = 0.8FR. The torsion spring is made of carbon steel wire material to have sufficient strength to adapt to repeated torsion.

[0050] It should be noted that when the exhaust window plate 41 rotates to connect the isolation chamber 11 with the exhaust passage 12 and exhaust and relieve pressure to the exhaust passage 12, the torsion spring is compressed; when the pressure in the isolation chamber 11 is balanced with the pressure in the exhaust passage 12, the torsion spring resets and drives the baffle 5 to cover the exhaust hole 51.

[0051] In this way, under the action of the torsion spring, the exhaust window plate 41 can be automatically opened or closed according to the pressure change in the isolation chamber 11 (that is, expose or cover the exhaust hole 51). When thermal runaway occurs inside the battery cell 6, after the high-temperature gas is discharged to the exhaust passage 12 through the exhaust hole 51, the exhaust window plate 41 is driven by the torsion spring to abut against the baffle 5, and the isolation chamber 11 is in a relatively closed state, avoiding the aggravation of the thermal runaway phenomenon of the battery cell 6 in the isolation chamber 11 and posing a safety hazard to the surrounding environment.

[0052] Refer to Figure 4 , in some embodiments, a balance passage 13 is provided inside the housing 1. The balance passage 13 is connected to all the isolation chambers 11 and all the exhaust passages 12 and is used to connect all the isolation chambers 11 and all the exhaust passages 12 through the balance passage 13 when the gas pressure in the isolation chamber 11 is less than a preset value to balance the air pressure in the isolation chamber 11 and the exhaust passage 12.

[0053] In this embodiment, the length direction of the balance passage 13 is parallel to the length direction of the exhaust passage 12. The gap between the top surface of the baffle 5 and the side of the housing cover 2 facing the inside of the housing 1 forms the balance passage 13 to connect the isolation chamber 11 with the exhaust passage 12.

[0054] Thus, when the battery cell 6 is in a normal state, the isolation chamber 11 can also communicate with the exhaust passage 12 through the balance passage 13 to maintain the pressure balance between the isolation chamber 11 and the exhaust passage 12. When the battery cell 6 undergoes thermal runaway and generates a large amount of high-temperature gas, the exhaust window plate 41 rotates against the torsion of the torsion spring to open and increase the exhaust area, enabling the gas in the isolation chamber 11 to quickly pass through the exhaust passage 12 and the explosion-proof valve 3 and be discharged to the outside, improving the pressure relief efficiency and the pressure balance efficiency.

[0055] It can be understood that there may also be a gap between the bottom surface of the baffle 5 and the bottom surface of the housing 1 to form the balance passage 13. Multiple balance holes (not shown in the figure) may also be provided on the baffle 5 to form the balance passage 13. The specific formation method of the balance passage 13 can be adjusted according to actual needs, as long as the pressure balance between the isolation chamber 11 and the exhaust passage 12 can be maintained during the normal operation of the battery cell 6, and no more examples will be listed here.

[0056] Refer to Figure 2 and Figure 4 In some embodiments, when the gas pressure in the isolation chamber 11 is greater than or equal to a preset value, the exhaust area of the balance passage 13 is smaller than the exhaust area at the connection between the exhaust passage 12 and the isolation chamber 11. Further, the exhaust area of the balance passage 13 is smaller than the sum of the opening areas of all the exhaust holes 51.

[0057] It should be noted that the exhaust area of the balance passage 13 is the cross-sectional area of the balance passage 13 in the exhaust direction.

[0058] Thus, when the battery cell 6 is in a normal state, the pressure balance between the isolation chamber 11 and the exhaust passage 12 can be achieved only through the balance passage 13. At this time, the baffle 5 and the exhaust window plate 41 can make the isolation chamber 11 in a relatively closed state, so that the battery cell 6 in the isolation chamber 11 can be protected by the housing 1 and the baffle 5; when the battery cell 6 undergoes thermal runaway, the gas pressure in the isolation chamber 11 is greater than or equal to the preset value, causing the control member 42 to control the exhaust window plate 41 to rotate to open, and the isolation chamber 11 can be quickly depressurized by increasing the exhaust area, improving the pressure relief efficiency and avoiding the pressure surge of the high-temperature gas at the balance passage 13 and the inability to relieve pressure.

[0059] Refer to Figure 2 In some embodiments, when the gas in the isolation chamber 11 is greater than or equal to the preset value, the exhaust area at the connection between the exhaust passage 12 and the isolation chamber 11 (i.e., the exhaust area of the exhaust holes 51) is greater than the exhaust area of the explosion-proof valve 3.

[0060] Thus, when the battery cell 6 undergoes thermal runaway, the exhaust holes 51 with a larger exhaust area can prevent the high-temperature gas from forming a pressure bottleneck at the exhaust holes 51, thereby avoiding the difficulty of discharging the high-temperature gas into the exhaust passage 12. By increasing the exhaust area of the exhaust holes 51, rapid pressure relief can be achieved.

[0061] Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 In some embodiments, a first guiding groove 21 extends in the direction towards the inside of the housing 1 on the lid 2. The first guiding groove 21 is located on one side of the isolation cavity 11 facing the exhaust passage 12. Further, the first guiding groove 21 is located on one side of the baffle 5 facing away from the exhaust passage 12. Wherein, the length direction of the first guiding groove 21 is parallel to the length direction of the exhaust passage 12, and the width of the first guiding groove 21 is smaller than the width of the exhaust passage 12.

[0062] Further, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 On the lid 2, a second guiding groove 22 extends in the direction towards the inside of the housing 1. The projection of the second guiding groove 22 in the height direction of the housing 1 partially coincides with the projection of the battery cell 6 in the height direction of the housing 1. The second guiding groove 22 is arranged on the side of the battery cell 6 facing away from the exhaust passage 12. Further, the length direction of the second guiding groove 22 is parallel to the length direction of the exhaust passage 12, and the width of the second guiding groove 22 is larger than the width of the first guiding groove 21.

[0063] In this way, the first guiding groove 21 and the second guiding groove 22 can reduce a part of the thickness of the isolation cavity 11, enabling the high-temperature gas generated by the thermally out-of-control battery cell 6 to flow near the side wall of the battery cell 6, reducing the flow of the high-temperature gas on the top surface of the battery cell 6, so that the high-temperature gas can be quickly and directionally transported to the exhaust passage 12 and the explosion-proof valve 3 through the exhaust holes 51, improving the pressure relief efficiency.

[0064] Refer to Figure 2 The present utility model further provides a battery pack, including a battery module 7 and a thermal runaway exhaust system. At least one battery module 7 is arranged in the isolation cavity 11. The battery module 7 includes at least one battery cell 6. Further, there are multiple battery cells 6, and the multiple battery cells 6 form a battery cell group. One battery cell group is correspondingly arranged inside one battery module 7. There are multiple battery modules 7, and exhaust passages 12 are arranged between adjacent battery modules 7. A one-way exhaust component 4 is arranged on each exhaust passage 12. Two baffles 5 are arranged between adjacent battery modules 7. The two baffles 5 cooperate with the lid 2 and the housing 1 to form the exhaust passage 12. A one-way exhaust component 4 is arranged on each baffle 5.

[0065] In this embodiment, there are two battery modules 7. The two baffles 5 are arranged between the opposite side walls of the two battery modules 7, and the exhaust window plates 41 are arranged on the side of the baffles 5 facing the exhaust passage 12. The positions of the exhaust window plates 41 arranged on the two baffles 5 correspond to each other.

[0066] Thus, when thermal runaway occurs in one of the battery modules 7, the air pressure in the isolation cavity 11 where the battery module 7 is located increases, causing the gas pressure on the baffle 5 to gradually increase until the baffle 5 rotates towards the exhaust passage 12 against the torsion of the torsion spring, achieving one-way pressure relief. At the same time, since the pressure-receiving direction of the exhaust window plate 41 on the baffle 5 connected to the other isolation cavity 11 is opposite to its rotation direction, the exhaust window plates 41 on this baffle 5 are all closed, preventing the high-temperature gas generated by the battery module 7 in thermal runaway from affecting the other battery module 7 and improving the safety of the battery pack.

[0067] Embodiment 2

[0068] The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the present utility model further provides a battery module 7, including battery cells 6 and a thermal runaway exhaust system, and at least one battery cell 6 is arranged in the isolation cavity 11.

[0069] Furthermore, there are multiple battery cells 6, and the multiple battery cells 6 form a battery cell group. The battery module (not shown in the figure) includes a battery module box body for accommodating the battery cell group. The isolation cavity and the exhaust passage are both arranged inside the battery module box body. In this embodiment, there are multiple battery cell groups, and exhaust passages 12 are arranged between each pair of the multiple battery cell groups, and a one-way exhaust assembly 4 is arranged on each exhaust passage 12.

[0070] Thus, when thermal runaway occurs in one of the battery cell groups, since the high-temperature gas generated by the thermal runaway can be discharged to the outside through the exhaust passage 12 and the explosion-proof valve 3, the corresponding baffle 5 of the other battery cell groups in the normal state can protect the battery cell groups and prevent the battery cell groups in the normal state from being affected by the high-temperature gas.

[0071] Embodiment 3

[0072] The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the exhaust window plates 41 on the two baffles 5 are arranged staggeredly along the length direction of the exhaust passage 12.

[0073] Thus, when thermal runaway occurs in both battery cells 6 and the exhaust window plates 41 on the two baffles 5 all rotate towards the exhaust passage 12, the staggered arrangement of the exhaust window plates 41 can prevent interference between the multiple exhaust window plates 41, thereby affecting the pressure relief efficiency.

[0074] It can be understood that the exhaust window plates 41 on the two baffles 5 can also be arranged staggeredly along the height direction of the exhaust passage 12, as long as it can prevent interference between the exhaust window plates 41 on the two baffles 5, and no more examples are listed here.

[0075] Embodiment 4

[0076] The difference from the first embodiment is that there is one isolation cavity 11, and an exhaust passage 12 is formed by the housing 1, the side of the housing cover 2 facing the housing 1, and the baffle 5. That is, the exhaust passage 12 is provided on one side of the housing 1, and the explosion-proof valve 3 is correspondingly provided on the side wall of the housing 1 and is located at one end of the exhaust passage 12. At least one battery cell 6 is provided in the isolation cavity 11; the one-way exhaust assembly 4 is provided on the baffle 5, and the exhaust window plate 41 can rotate towards the exhaust passage 12.

[0077] In this way, after the battery cell 6 undergoes thermal runaway, the high-temperature gas generated can flow directionally through the discharge hole into the exhaust passage 12 to achieve rapid pressure relief.

[0078] It can be understood that the exhaust passage 12 can also be provided above or below the battery cell 6, and the positions of the explosion-proof valve 3, the baffle 5 and the one-way exhaust assembly 4 can be flexibly adjusted according to the position of the exhaust passage 12, and will not be listed in detail here; one battery cell 6 can be provided inside the isolation cavity 11, or multiple battery cells 6 can be provided, or at least one battery module 7 can be provided inside the isolation cavity 11, as long as the gas generated by the battery cell 6 or the battery module 7 in the isolation cavity can be quickly released through the exhaust passage 12.

[0079] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly explaining the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation manners of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various obvious changes, re-adjustments and substitutions can be made without departing from the protection scope of the present invention. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the implementation manners here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal runaway exhaust system, characterized in that, Comprising: A housing (1) with an exhaust passage (12) provided inside. The exhaust passage (12) divides the internal space of the housing (1) into at least one isolation chamber (11) for placing an electric core (6). A housing cover (2) connected to the housing (1). An explosion-proof valve (3) communicating with the exhaust passage (12), which is provided on the housing (1) and at the gas outlet end of the exhaust passage (12), enabling the gas in the exhaust passage (12) to be discharged to the outside through the explosion-proof valve (3). A one-way exhaust assembly (4) provided inside the housing (1). The exhaust passage (12) includes a control member (42). When the gas pressure in the isolation chamber (11) is greater than or equal to a preset value, the control member (42) controls the one-way exhaust assembly (4) to connect the exhaust passage (12) with the isolation chamber (11), and the gas in the isolation chamber (11) is directionally discharged to the exhaust passage (12) through the one-way exhaust assembly (4). When the gas pressure in the isolation chamber (11) is less than the preset value, the control member (42) controls the one-way exhaust assembly (4) to isolate the isolation chamber (11) from the exhaust passage (12).

2. The thermal runaway exhaust system according to claim 1, wherein The thermal runaway exhaust system further includes a baffle (5) provided inside the housing (1) and connected to the housing (1). The isolation chamber (11) and the exhaust passage (12) are respectively located on both sides of the baffle (5), and the one-way exhaust assembly (4) is provided on the baffle (5).

3. The thermal runaway exhaust system according to claim 2, wherein An exhaust hole (51) is formed in the baffle (5). The one-way exhaust assembly (4) includes an exhaust window plate (41) connected to the control member (42). The exhaust window plate (41) is arranged at a position corresponding to the exhaust hole (51) on the baffle (5). The exhaust window plate (41) is hinged to the baffle (5). When the gas pressure in the isolation chamber (11) is greater than or equal to the preset value, the exhaust window plate (41) rotates under the action of the control member (42) to connect the exhaust passage (12) with the isolation chamber (11) through the exhaust hole (51), and the gas in the isolation chamber (11) is directionally discharged to the exhaust passage (12) through the exhaust hole (51). When the gas pressure in the isolation chamber (11) is less than the preset value, the exhaust window plate (41) rotates under the action of the control member (42) to cover the exhaust hole (51).

4. The thermal runaway exhaust system according to claim 3, wherein The exhaust window plate (41) is arranged to cover the exhaust hole (51) and is provided on the side of the baffle (5) facing the exhaust passage (12).

5. The thermal runaway exhaust system according to claim 3, characterized in that The control member (42) includes a torsion spring. The exhaust window plate (41) is hinged to the baffle (5) through the torsion spring, enabling the exhaust window plate (41) to rotate selectively.

6. The thermal runaway exhaust system according to claim 1, wherein, A balancing channel (13) is provided inside the shell (1), and the balancing channel (13) is connected to all the isolation chambers (11) and all the exhaust channels (12), and is used for ensuring that when the gas pressure in the isolation chamber (11) is lower than a preset value, all the isolation chambers (11) and all the exhaust channels (12) are connected via the balancing channel (13) to balance the gas pressure in the isolation chamber (11) and the exhaust channel (12).

7. The thermal runaway exhaust system according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the gas pressure in the isolation chamber (11) is greater than or equal to a preset value, the exhaust area of the balancing channel (13) is smaller than the exhaust area at the connection point between the exhaust channel (12) and the isolation chamber (11); and / or, when the gas pressure in the isolation chamber (11) is greater than or equal to a preset value, the exhaust area at the connection point between the exhaust channel (12) and the isolation chamber (11) is greater than the exhaust area of the explosion-proof valve (3).

8. The thermal runaway exhaust system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shell cover (2) has a first guide groove (21) extending in a direction toward the interior of the shell (1), and the first guide groove (21) is located on a side of the isolation cavity (11) facing the exhaust passage (12); and / or the shell cover (2) has a second guide groove (22) extending in a direction toward the interior of the shell (1), and a projection of the second guide groove (22) in the height direction of the shell (1) partially overlaps with a projection of the battery cell (6) in the height direction of the shell (1), and the second guide groove (22) is arranged on a side of the battery cell (6) facing away from the exhaust passage (12).

9. A battery module, characterized in that, It comprises a battery cell (6) and a thermal runaway exhaust system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein at least one of the battery cells (6) is arranged in the isolation cavity (11).

10. A battery pack, characterized in that, It comprises a battery module (7) and a thermal runaway exhaust system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein at least one of the battery modules (7) is arranged in the isolation cavity (11), and the battery module (7) comprises at least one battery cell (6).

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