Coaxial cable, electronic system and vehicle
By using different insulating media designs with multiple insulating layers in coaxial cables, the problems of electromagnetic interference and crosstalk in electric vehicles are solved, crosstalk performance is improved, electromagnetic interference is reduced, and electromagnetic compatibility is improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422243011.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-29
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-09-12
AI Technical Summary
The existing coaxial cables have serious electromagnetic interference and crosstalk problems caused by a single insulating medium structure in electric vehicles, which affects the electromagnetic compatibility performance.
Different insulating media designs using multiple insulating layers, including the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer, are respectively wrapped around the outside of the inner core conductor and wrapped by a shielding layer. The dielectric constant and loss tangent of the insulating media are different to improve crosstalk performance.
It reduces electromagnetic interference, improves the crosstalk performance of coaxial cables, has better stability, and reduces electromagnetic compatibility problems.
Smart Images
Figure CN223167258U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of communication equipment, and particularly relates to a coaxial cable, an electronic system and a vehicle. Background Art
[0002] The electronic system of an electric vehicle is complex and highly integrated. As a connecting link, the wiring harness connects various electronic control systems and in-vehicle electronic devices. While providing a channel for signal exchange and energy transfer, it also provides a carrier for electromagnetic interference, which is an important propagation path for electromagnetic interference between interference source devices and sensitive devices, and also an important influencing factor for the electromagnetic compatibility of electric vehicles.
[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a coaxial cable with better crosstalk performance. Summary of the Utility Model
[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a coaxial cable, an electronic system and a vehicle, which can improve the crosstalk performance of the coaxial cable and reduce electromagnetic interference to a certain extent.
[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of this application provides a coaxial cable, including:
[0006] N inner core conductors, where N is an integer greater than 1;
[0007] N insulating layers, and the N insulating layers are respectively wrapped outside the N inner core conductors;
[0008] A shielding layer, and the shielding layer is wrapped outside the N insulating layers;
[0009] Wherein, the insulating media of the N insulating layers are different.
[0010] In some embodiments, the N inner core conductors include a first inner core conductor and a second inner core conductor;
[0011] The N insulating layers include a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer;
[0012] Wherein, the first insulating layer is wrapped outside the first inner core conductor, and the second insulating layer is wrapped outside the second inner core conductor.
[0013] In some embodiments, the radius of the shielding layer is twice the distance between the centers of the conductors, and the distance between the centers of the conductors is the distance between the first inner core conductor and the second inner core conductor.
[0014] In some embodiments, the dielectric constant of the insulating medium of the first insulating layer is 4.0 - 4.5, and the tangent of the loss angle is 0.003 - 0.005; the dielectric constant of the insulating medium of the second insulating layer is 2.0 - 2.3, and the tangent of the loss angle is 0.0004 - 0.0005.
[0015] In some embodiments, the insulating medium of the first insulating layer is polyamide.
[0016] In some embodiments, the insulating medium of the second insulating layer is Teflon.
[0017] In some embodiments, the material of the inner core conductor is copper.
[0018] In some embodiments, the coaxial cable further includes a protective layer, which is wrapped outside the shielding layer.
[0019] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic system, including a plurality of electronic control systems, a plurality of in-vehicle electronic devices, and a wire harness connecting the plurality of electronic control systems and the plurality of in-vehicle electronic devices;
[0020] Among them, the wire harness is the coaxial cable as described in the first aspect.
[0021] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a vehicle, which is characterized by including the electronic system as described in the second aspect.
[0022] The coaxial cable provided by the embodiment of the present application includes N inner core conductors, N insulating layers, and a shielding layer. The N insulating layers are respectively wrapped outside the N inner core conductors, and the shielding layer is wrapped outside the N insulating layers. Among them, the insulating media of the N insulating layers are different. In this way, by adjusting the insulating media of the insulating layers, compared with the structure of a single insulating medium, it has lower loss and crosstalk, improves the crosstalk performance of the coaxial cable, and reduces electromagnetic interference to a certain extent. Description of the Drawings
[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments recorded in the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.
[0024] Figure 1 is a plan view of a coaxial cable provided by an embodiment of the present application;
[0025] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a three-dimensional view of the coaxial cable;
[0026] Figure 3 is a plan view of another coaxial cable provided by an embodiment of the present application;
[0027] Figure 4 is the crosstalk simulation curve of the coaxial cable provided by an embodiment of the present application;
[0028] Figure 5It is the crosstalk simulation curve of a coaxial cable with a single insulating medium.
[0029] The meanings of the markings in the figure are as follows:
[0030] 1. Inner core conductor; 11. First inner core conductor; 12. Second inner core conductor;
[0031] 2. Insulation layer; 21. First insulation layer; 22. Second insulation layer;
[0032] 3. Shielding layer;
[0033] 4. Protective layer. Specific implementation manners
[0034] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of this application clearer, the following further details this application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not used to limit this application.
[0035] It should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation of this patent. The terms "first" and "second" are only used for convenience of description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of technical features. The meaning of "a plurality" is two or more unless otherwise specifically defined. In addition, terms such as "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging", etc. do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but can be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly inclined.
[0036] It also needs to be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "installed", "connected", "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific situations.
[0037] In related technologies, most cable structures are based on a single type of insulating medium. Although the performance of a single cable is good, with the increase in the operating frequency of electrical and electronic devices, high dV / dt, dI / dt voltage and current change rates, and the increasing number of in-vehicle wiring harnesses, the electromagnetic interference signals generated during the operation of electrical and electronic devices can directly enter sensitive devices through the complete circuit connection of the cable, such as resistive coupling. Or enter the control lines and signal lines in the form of capacitive coupling and inductive coupling between cables, affecting sensitive devices. In addition, the electromagnetic radiation generated by the in-vehicle wiring harness can also affect sensitive devices through radiation interference in the space through methods such as field-line coupling, exacerbating the deterioration of the electromagnetic environment of electric vehicles. Based on this, the embodiments of the present application provide a coaxial cable with better crosstalk performance.
[0038] In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the following will be described in detail with reference to specific drawings and embodiments.
[0039] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , the embodiments of the present application provide a coaxial cable, including:
[0040] N inner core conductors 1, where N is an integer greater than 1;
[0041] N insulating layers 2, and the N insulating layers 2 are respectively wrapped outside the N inner core conductors 1;
[0042] A shielding layer 3, and the shielding layer 3 is wrapped outside the N insulating layers 2;
[0043] Among them, the insulating media of the N insulating layers 2 are different.
[0044] As Figures 1 to 3 shown, the coaxial cable may include a plurality of inner core conductors 1, insulating layers 2 with the same number as the inner core conductors 1, and a shielding layer 3. In some embodiments, the material of the inner core conductor 1 may be copper, and the cross-section of the inner core conductor 1 may be circular. Each insulating layer 2 may be correspondingly wrapped outside an inner core conductor 1, and the cross-section of the insulating layer 2 may be annular. The shielding layer 3 may be wrapped outside the plurality of insulating layers 2, which can play a role in anti-interference and anti-electromagnetic.
[0045] In this embodiment, the insulating media of the plurality of insulating layers 2 may be different. In other words, the plurality of insulating layers 2 may be filled with different insulating media, so that the dielectric constant and loss tangent of each insulating layer 2 will be different.
[0046] As Figure 3As shown, in some embodiments, the coaxial cable may further include a protective layer 4, which may be wrapped around the outside of the shielding layer 3 to protect the coaxial cable from being damaged easily. The protective layer 4 may be made of fluororesin, such as PFA (perfluoroalkoxy alkane), FEP (tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene copolymer), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), etc.
[0047] In some embodiments, the N inner core conductors 1 may include a first inner core conductor 11 and a second inner core conductor 12;
[0048] The N insulating layers 2 include a first insulating layer 21 and a second insulating layer 22;
[0049] Wherein, the first insulating layer 21 is wrapped around the outside of the first inner core conductor 11, and the second insulating layer 22 is wrapped around the outside of the second inner core conductor 12.
[0050] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, taking the coaxial cable including two insulating layers 2 as an example. The first insulating layer 21 may be wrapped around the outside of the first inner core conductor 11, and the second insulating layer 22 may be wrapped around the outside of the second inner core conductor 12. And the insulating media filled in the first insulating layer 21 and the second insulating layer 22 are different. That is, there is a difference in the dielectric constant of the insulating medium of the first insulating layer 21 and the dielectric constant of the insulating medium of the second insulating layer 22, and there is a difference in the tangent of the loss angle of the insulating medium of the first insulating layer 21 and the tangent of the loss angle of the insulating medium of the second insulating layer 22.
[0051] In some embodiments, the dielectric constant of the insulating medium of the first insulating layer 21 may be 4.0 - 4.5, and the tangent of the loss angle of the insulating medium of the first insulating layer 21 may be 0.003 - 0.005. For example, in some embodiments, the insulating medium of the first insulating layer 21 may be polyamide, its dielectric constant is 4.3, and its tangent of the loss angle is 0.004.
[0052] In some embodiments, the dielectric constant of the insulating medium of the second insulating layer 22 may be 2.0 - 2.3, and the tangent of the loss angle of the insulating medium of the second insulating layer 22 may be 0.0004 - 0.0005. For example, in some embodiments, the insulating medium of the second insulating layer 22 is Teflon, its dielectric constant is 2.1, and its tangent of the loss angle is 0.00045.
[0053] In some embodiments, the radius D2 of the shielding layer 3 may be twice the conductor center distance R, where the conductor center distance R is the distance between the first inner core conductor 11 and the second inner core conductor 12.
[0054] The design steps of the coaxial cable provided by the embodiments of the present application may be as follows:
[0055] Step 1: Establish a mathematical model for the secondary parameters using the primary parameters to determine the influencing factors of the cable performance.
[0056] Among them, the primary parameters can include cable size, insulation medium parameters, radius, operating frequency, etc., and the secondary parameters can include attenuation constant, characteristic impedance, return loss, etc. As Figure 2 shown, where r1 is the radius of the inner core conductor, D1 is the radius of the insulation layer, D2 is the radius of the shielding layer, R is the distance between the centers of the conductors, and R s1 is the resistivity of the conductor, and R s2 is the resistivity of the shielding layer, where D2 = 2R. To reduce the influence of frequency on the cable performance, the frequency range can be fixed at 0 - 10 GHz.
[0057] The definition of the cable propagation constant can be: Among them,
[0058] R0, G0, L0, and C0 are the equivalent conductances of the cable respectively. Since when the frequency is high, the conditions R0 << ωL0 and G0 << ωC0 can be satisfied, thus The expression for the attenuation constant can be where α d and α c are the attenuation constant parts caused by the insulation medium loss and the inner core conductor loss respectively.
[0059] According to the existing formula it can be known that and the characteristic impedance of the coaxial cable where Substituting and simplifying gives
[0060] Thus,
[0061] It can be concluded that the attenuation characteristics of the cable depend on parameters such as the length, wire diameter, resistivity, and frequency of the coaxial cable.
[0062] Step 2: Fix the influencing factors such as cable length, wire diameter, frequency, and distance between conductor centers to establish a coaxial cable model with a non - single insulation medium.
[0063] A coaxial cable model with a non - single insulation medium can be established in the simulation software. The parameters of the coaxial cable with a non - single insulation medium can be as follows:
[0064] The radius of the inner core conductor r1 = 0.7 mm, the radius of the insulation layer D1 = 1.7 mm, the radius of the shielding layer D2 = 4.8 mm, the distance between the centers of the conductors R = 2.4 mm, and the length of the coaxial cable l = 50 mm. The insulation medium of the first insulation layer can be set as polyamide (the dielectric constant Dk = 4.3, the tangent of the loss angle D f = 0.004), the insulating medium of the second insulating layer can be set as Teflon (polyflon CuFlon, the dielectric constant D k = 2.1, the tangent of the loss angle D f = 0.00045). The materials of the first inner core conductor and the second inner core conductor can both be set as copper, the shielding layer can be set as an ideal conductor, the center frequency can be set as 5 GHz, and the frequency sweep range can be 0 - 10 GHz.
[0065] Step 3, simulate the coaxial cable model with non - single insulating medium to obtain the Figure 4 crosstalk simulation curve as shown.
[0066] Step 4, establish a coaxial cable model with single insulating medium and simulate to obtain the Figure 5 crosstalk simulation curve as shown.
[0067] A coaxial cable model with single insulating medium can be established in the simulation software. The parameters of the coaxial cable with single insulating medium can be as follows:
[0068] The radius of the inner core conductor r1 = 0.7 mm, the radius of the insulating layer D1 = 1.7 mm, the radius of the shielding layer D2 = 4.8 mm, the distance between the centers of the conductors R = 2.4 mm, and the length of the coaxial cable l = 50 mm. The insulating media of the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer can be set as Teflon. The materials of the first inner core conductor and the second inner core conductor can both be set as copper, the shielding layer can be set as an ideal conductor, the center frequency can be set as 5 GHz, and the frequency sweep range can be 0 - 10 GHz.
[0069] Step 5, compare and analyze the simulation results in Step 3 and Step 4.
[0070] From Figure 4 and Figure 5 it can be seen that compared with the coaxial cable with single insulating medium, the coaxial cable with non - single insulating medium provided by the embodiment of the present application has lower crosstalk and better matching characteristics. It is mainly manifested that the crosstalk of the coaxial cable with non - single insulating medium is below - 10 dB in the frequency range of 0 - 10 GHz, while the crosstalk of the coaxial cable with single insulating medium is greater than - 10 dB at 1.95 GHz - 2.41 GHz, 3.84 GHz - 5.08 GHz, and 6 GHz - 8 GHz, and the crosstalk simulation curve of the coaxial cable with non - single insulating medium changes slowly and the performance is more stable.
[0071] It is understandable that by using the coaxial cable provided in the embodiment of the present application, through the adjustment of the insulating medium of the insulating layer, compared with the structure of a single insulating medium, it has lower loss and crosstalk, improves the crosstalk performance of the coaxial cable, and reduces electromagnetic interference to a certain extent.
[0072] The embodiment of the present application can also provide an electronic system, including a plurality of electronic control systems, a plurality of in-vehicle electronic devices, and a wiring harness connecting the plurality of electronic control systems and the plurality of in-vehicle electronic devices;
[0073] wherein, the wiring harness is the above-mentioned coaxial cable.
[0074] In this way, since the coaxial cable provided in the embodiment of the present application improves the crosstalk performance and reduces electromagnetic interference to a certain extent, it can effectively solve the crosstalk problem of the electronic system, thereby reducing the electromagnetic compatibility problem of electric vehicles.
[0075] The embodiment of the present application can also provide a vehicle, including the above-mentioned electronic system.
[0076] In this way, since the coaxial cable provided in the embodiment of the present application improves the crosstalk performance and reduces electromagnetic interference to a certain extent, it can effectively solve the crosstalk problem of the electronic system, thereby reducing the electromagnetic compatibility problem of electric vehicles.
[0077] It should be noted that in this article, the terms "including", "comprising" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.
[0078] Specific examples are used in this article to elaborate on the principle and implementation manner of the present application. The description of the above examples is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present application. The above is only the preferred implementation manner of the present application. It should be pointed out that due to the limited nature of written expression and the objectively infinite specific structures, for those of ordinary skill in the art in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the present application, several improvements, refinements or changes can be made, or the above technical features can be combined in an appropriate manner; these improvements, refinements, changes or combinations, or directly applying the concept and technical solution of the utility model to other occasions without improvement, should all be regarded as the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A coaxial cable, characterized in that, Comprising: N inner core conductors (1), where N is an integer greater than 1; N insulating layers (2), the N insulating layers (2) are respectively wrapped outside the N inner core conductors (1); A shielding layer (3), the shielding layer (3) is wrapped outside the N insulating layers (2); Wherein, the insulating media of the N insulating layers (2) are different.
2. The coaxial cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The N inner core conductors (1) include a first inner core conductor (11) and a second inner core conductor (12); The N insulating layers (2) include a first insulating layer (21) and a second insulating layer (22); Wherein, the first insulating layer (21) is wrapped outside the first inner core conductor (11), and the second insulating layer (22) is wrapped outside the second inner core conductor (12).
3. The coaxial cable according to claim 2, wherein, The radius of the shielding layer (3) is twice the conductor center distance, and the conductor center distance is the distance between the first inner core conductor (11) and the second inner core conductor (12).
4. The coaxial cable according to claim 2, wherein, The dielectric constant of the insulating medium of the first insulating layer (21) is 4.0 - 4.5, and the tangent of the loss angle is 0.003 - 0.005; the dielectric constant of the insulating medium of the second insulating layer (22) is 2.0 - 2.3, and the tangent of the loss angle is 0.0004 - 0.0005.
5. The coaxial cable according to claim 4, characterized in that, The insulating medium of the first insulating layer (21) is polyamide.
6. The coaxial cable according to claim 4, wherein The insulating medium of the second insulating layer (22) is Teflon.
7. The coaxial cable according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The material of the inner core conductor (1) is copper.
8. The coaxial cable according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, It further includes a protective layer (4), the protective layer (4) is wrapped outside the shielding layer (3).
9. An electronic system, characterized in that, Comprising a plurality of electronic control systems, a plurality of in-vehicle electronic devices, and a wire harness connecting the plurality of electronic control systems and the plurality of in-vehicle electronic devices; Wherein, the wire harness is a coaxial cable as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A vehicle, characterized in that, Comprising an electronic system as described in claim 9.