Restraint strap capable of conveniently adjusting restraint distance and medical auxiliary instrument

Abstract

The utility model discloses a restraint strap convenient to adjust the restraint distance and a medical auxiliary instrument, the restraint strap convenient to adjust the restraint distance comprises a wrist strap, the two ends of the wrist strap are detachably connected; a limiting sleeve is arranged on one side of the wrist strap, the two sides of the limiting sleeve in the length direction are fixedly connected with the wrist strap, and the two sides of the limiting sleeve in the width direction are open; the binding band is connected with the limiting sleeve in a sliding and sleeving mode, a plurality of adjusting holes are formed in the binding band, a buckle is arranged at one end of the binding band, and the buckle is detachably connected with the adjusting holes. The limiting sleeve on the wrist strap is in sliding connection with the bandage to form an adjusting structure, the wrist strap binds the wrist of a patient, the buckle on the bandage is combined with the adjusting hole to form length limitation, and the length of the restraint strap can be adjusted only by switching the combination position of the buckle and the adjusting hole in the actual use process. The bandage at the other end corresponding to the bed side does not need to be repeatedly tied, the operation process is simplified, and the continuity of medical operation can be effectively guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of medical restraint devices, in particular to a restraint belt and a medical auxiliary device which are convenient for adjusting the restraint distance. Background Art

[0002] In clinical medicine, in order to prevent patients with impaired consciousness such as those who have not woken up from anesthesia, are unconscious, or are in a coma from having accidents such as falling out of bed, pulling out tubes, scratching, or bumping due to restlessness, restraint belts are usually used to protectively restrain the patients with the consent of the patient's family members. Traditional restraint belts are generally rectangular belt bodies with four straps on the opposite sides. When in use, the patient's limb needs to be wrapped with the belt body and then the straps are tied tightly, or the patient's limb is directly tied to the edge of the bed or other fixed brackets.

[0003] In the prior art, when treating restless patients, the patient's body needs to be adjusted to different postures according to different medical operations, which results in the need to correspondingly adjust the originally fixed restraint belt according to the patient's body state. The existing operation method is that medical staff disassemble the end of the restraint belt tied to the edge of the bed, readjust the length and then tie it tightly again. Since the adjustment needs to be carried out multiple times and the above process is cumbersome and inconvenient, the continuity of medical operations is greatly affected.

[0004] Therefore, the prior art still needs to be improved and developed. Summary of the Utility Model

[0005] In order to solve the problem in the prior art that when treating restless patients, the patient's body needs to be adjusted to different postures according to different stages of medical operations, resulting in the need to correspondingly adjust the originally fixed restraint belt to adapt to the patient's posture. In the traditional operation method, medical staff need to disassemble the end of the restraint belt tied to the edge of the bed, adjust the length and then tie it tightly again. Since multiple adjustments are required according to different treatment stages of the patient and the above adjustment process is cumbersome and inconvenient, the continuity of medical operations is greatly affected. The utility model provides a restraint belt which is convenient for adjusting the restraint distance.

[0006] The utility model is realized by the following technical solutions:

[0007] A restraint belt which is convenient for adjusting the restraint distance, wherein the restraint belt which is convenient for adjusting the restraint distance comprises:

[0008] A wristband, the two ends of the wristband are detachably connected; a limit sleeve is arranged on one side of the wristband, the two sides in the length direction of the limit sleeve are fixedly connected with the wristband, and the two sides in the width direction of the limit sleeve are open.

[0009] A strap is slidably connected to the limiting sleeve, a plurality of adjustment holes are provided on the strap, and a buckle is provided at one end of the strap, and the buckle is detachably connected to the adjustment hole.

[0010] The restraint belt that is convenient for adjusting the restraint distance, wherein the strap includes an adjustment portion;

[0011] The limiting sleeve is arranged to be sheathed with the adjusting portion;

[0012] The plurality of adjustment holes are arranged on the adjustment portion, and the plurality of adjustment holes are spaced apart by a predetermined distance and arranged along the length direction of the adjustment portion.

[0013] The restraint belt that is convenient for adjusting the restraint distance, wherein the strap further includes a binding portion;

[0014] The binding portion is integrally connected to the adjusting portion, and a width dimension of the binding portion is smaller than a width dimension of the adjusting portion.

[0015] The restraint belt that is easy to adjust the restraint distance, wherein a first adhesive piece is provided on one side of the wristband, and a second adhesive piece is provided on the other end of the wristband, and the first adhesive piece and the second adhesive piece are detachably connected.

[0016] The restraint belt that is easy to adjust the restraint distance, wherein the first adhesive member is provided on a side of one end of the wristband away from the limiting sleeve;

[0017] The second adhesive member is provided on the other end of the wristband at a side corresponding to the limiting sleeve;

[0018] The length of the second adhesive piece is greater than the length of the first adhesive piece.

[0019] The restraint belt that is easy to adjust the restraint distance, wherein the first adhesive piece and the second adhesive piece are two parts of Velcro respectively.

[0020] The restraining belt that is easy to adjust the restraining distance is provided with an elastic layer on the side of the wristband that is away from the limiting sleeve, and the elastic layer covers the side surface of the wristband.

[0021] The restraint belt that is easy to adjust the restraint distance, wherein the buckle includes:

[0022] A locking ring, wherein the locking ring is integrally formed and a yielding portion is provided on one side of the locking ring;

[0023] A lock plate is rotatably arranged on the yielding portion, a spring is arranged inside the lock plate, and the spring is fixedly connected to the lock ring.

[0024] The restraint band that is convenient for adjusting the restraint distance, wherein a connecting portion is provided on the locking ring, and the connecting portion is in an oval shape;

[0025] One end of the binding band is sleeved and connected with the connecting portion.

[0026] A medical auxiliary instrument, wherein the medical auxiliary instrument includes the above-mentioned restraint band that is convenient for adjusting the restraint distance.

[0027] The beneficial effect of the present utility model lies in that: by separating the binding band from the wrist band and slidingly connecting the limiting sleeve on the wrist band with the binding band, an adjustment structure is formed. The wrist band binds the patient's wrist, and the length limitation is formed by the combination of the buckle on the binding band and the adjustment hole. During actual use, only by switching the combination position of the buckle and the adjustment hole can the length of the restraint band be adjusted, without repeatedly tying the binding band corresponding to the bed side at the other end, simplifying the operation process and effectively ensuring the continuity of medical operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the restraint band of the present utility model that is convenient for adjusting the restraint distance;

[0029] Figure 2 is a front view of a partial structure of the restraint band of the present utility model that is convenient for adjusting the restraint distance;

[0030] Figure 3 is a rear view of a partial structure of the restraint band of the present utility model that is convenient for adjusting the restraint distance;

[0031] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the use state of the restraint band of the present utility model that is convenient for adjusting the restraint distance.

[0032] In Figures 1 to 4 : 100, wrist band; 110, first adhesive member; 120, second adhesive member; 130, elastic layer; 200, limiting sleeve; 300, binding band; 310, adjusting portion; 311, adjustment hole; 320, binding portion; 330, buckle; 331, locking ring; 332, locking plate; 333, connecting portion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0033] To make the purpose, technical solution and effects of the present utility model clearer and more definite, the following further describes the present utility model in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and by way of examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present utility model and are not used to limit the present utility model.

[0034] It should be noted that if there are directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) involved in the embodiments of the present utility model, the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, etc. between components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the attached drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0035] In addition, if there are descriptions such as "first", "second", etc. involved in the embodiments of the present utility model, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions between various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of those of ordinary skill in the art to implement. When the combination of technical solutions results in contradictions or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the protection scope required by the present utility model.

[0036] In the prior art, when treating a restless patient, it is necessary to adjust the patient's body to different postures according to different medical operations, which causes the originally fixedly hung restraint belt to be adjusted correspondingly according to the patient's body state. The existing operation method is that medical staff disassemble the end of the restraint belt fastened to the bedside, readjust the length and then fasten it again. Since the adjustment needs to be done multiple times and the above process is cumbersome and inconvenient, it greatly affects the continuity of medical operations.

[0037] Based on the above problems in the prior art, the present utility model provides a restraint belt that is convenient for adjusting the restraint distance, as Figure 1 shown. The restraint belt that is convenient for adjusting the restraint distance includes: a wristband 100, the two ends of the wristband 100 are detachably connected; a limiting sleeve 200 is arranged on one side of the wristband 100, and both sides in the length direction of the limiting sleeve 200 are fixedly connected to the wristband 100, and both sides in the width direction of the limiting sleeve 200 are open; a binding strap 300, the binding strap 300 is slidably sleeved with the limiting sleeve 200, a plurality of adjustment holes 311 are arranged on the binding strap 300, and a buckle 330 is arranged at one end of the binding strap 300, and the buckle 330 is detachably connected to the adjustment holes 311.

[0038] In the present utility model, the strap 300 is separated from the wristband 100, and a sliding connection is formed between the limiting sleeve 200 on the wristband 100 and the strap 300 to form an adjustment structure. The wristband 100 binds the patient's wrist. The combination of the buckle 330 and the adjustment hole 311 on the strap 300 forms a length limit. During actual use, only by switching the combination position of the buckle 330 and the adjustment hole 311 can the length of the restraint belt be adjusted, without repeatedly tying the strap 300 corresponding to the other end of the bed side, simplifying the operation process and effectively ensuring the continuity of medical operations.

[0039] In the above embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, the main body of the restraint belt of the present utility model that is convenient for adjusting the restraint distance is composed of a wristband 100 and a strap 300. Among them, the wristband 100 is used to sleeve the patient's wrist or ankle. In this embodiment, both ends of the wristband 100 are set in a detachable connection structure style for easy installation. In this embodiment, to realize the connection between the wristband 100 and the strap 300, a limiting sleeve 200 is provided on one side of the wristband 100. The two sides in the length direction of the limiting sleeve 200 are fixedly connected to the wristband 100, and the two sides in the width direction of the limiting sleeve 200 are open, thus forming a through sleeve structure inside. One end of the strap 300 passes through the through hole between the limiting sleeve 200 and the wristband 100 and is pulled back, forming a sleeving of a part of the strap 300 on the wristband 100. A buckle 330 is provided at the end of the strap 300, and a number of adjustment holes 311 are provided on the strap 300. By combining the buckle 330 and the adjustment holes 311, a structural state as Figure 1 shown can be formed. The other end of the strap 300 is tied to structures such as the railing or restraint board of the hospital bed, and a certain range of restraint effect on the patient's limb can be formed to avoid accidents such as the patient falling out of bed, pulling out tubes, scratching, and bruising.

[0040] In this embodiment, when it is necessary to change the patient's posture during the treatment of the patient and correspondingly adjust the restraint length of the restraint belt, the medical staff only needs to release the combination state of the buckle 330 and the adjustment hole 311, and pull the end of the strap 300 corresponding to the buckle 330. At this time, the wristband 100 does not change on the patient's wrist, but the strap 300 slides relative to the limiting sleeve 200 to change the restraint distance for the patient through the change in the folded length of the strap 300. Then, combining the buckle 330 with a suitable adjustment hole 311 can complete the adjustment. The process is simple and convenient and can be quickly operated.

[0041] In this embodiment, both the wristband 100 and the strap 300 are made of inelastic flexible materials, such as fabric or medical dressing materials, etc., to avoid harm to the patient. In addition, when the patient makes a resisting movement, since the wristband 100 is independently sleeved on the patient's wrist and there is no force-bearing part, the situation of being broken free will not occur. The limiting sleeve 200 is equivalent to limiting the strap 300 in the width direction corresponding to the wristband 100, which is not in the same direction as the force applied by the patient, and can maintain the relative position connection between the wristband 100 and the strap 300. The part directly against the force applied by the patient is the part where the strap 300 wraps around the wristband 100, and this part is restricted and fixed by the combination of the buckle 330 and the adjustment hole 311. Therefore, while achieving the above-mentioned quick adjustment effect, it can also ensure the confrontation strength with the patient and ensure safety and stability during use.

[0042] Based on the above embodiment, in another feasible implementation manner of the present utility model, the above-mentioned strap 300 specifically includes an adjustment part 310 and a binding part 320. It should be noted that the adjustment part 310 and the binding part 320 are integrally connected and are actually one component. The naming of the part in this embodiment is only for distinguishing parts for the convenience of description and does not represent an actual component. In this embodiment, a number of adjustment holes 311 are provided on the adjustment part 310, and the number of adjustment holes 311 penetrates both sides. When specifically setting, the number of adjustment holes 311 should be spaced at a predetermined distance and arranged along the center line in the length direction of the adjustment part 310 to ensure the connection strength when combined with the buckle 330 and to divide the gears when the medical staff actually adjusts the length of the restraint belt to form a quick operation.

[0043] Furthermore, as Figure 1 and Figure 4 shown, the binding part 320 is actually used to tie to structures such as the railing or the binding plate on the hospital bed. Therefore, for the convenience of tying and to improve the firmness of the knot when tying, in this embodiment, the width dimension of the binding part 320 is set to be smaller than the width dimension of the adjustment part 310, and is specifically preferably set as a rope body structure with a circular cross-section, so as to facilitate the tying operation.

[0044] In another feasible implementation manner of the present utility model, as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the two ends of the above-mentioned wristband 100 are detachably connected, which can be specifically realized by setting a pasting structure. Specifically, a first pasting member 110 is provided on one side of the outer wristband 100, and a second pasting member 120 is provided at the other end of the wristband 100. The first pasting member 110 and the second pasting member 120 can be detachably and adhesively connected. In the above embodiment, it is illustrated that the wristband 100 is not actually stressed during the process of the patient struggling against the restraint. Therefore, the installation of the wristband 100 can be achieved by setting the first pasting member 110 and the second pasting member 120. At the same time, to prevent the first pasting member 110 and the second pasting member 120 from separating due to the lateral component force of the pulling force of the patient on the wristband 100, in this embodiment, the first pasting member 110 and the second pasting member 120 can be set to have a relatively large area. Since it is actually adhered in an arc surface during the adhesion process, a certain effect of counteracting the component force can be formed.

[0045] Specifically, the first pasting member 110 and the second pasting member 120 can be set by using Velcro. That is, the first pasting member 110 is the part of Velcro with hard hooks and hairs, and the second pasting member 120 is the part of Velcro with soft hair loops, so as to further achieve the effect of adapting and adjusting to the wrist sizes of different patients.

[0046] Furthermore, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, the above-mentioned first pasting member 110 is provided on the side of one end of the wristband 100 that is away from the limit sleeve 200, and the second pasting member 120 is provided on the side of the other end of the wristband 100 corresponding to the limit sleeve 200. And when specifically setting, the length dimension of the second pasting member 120 should be set to be greater than the length dimension of the first pasting member 110. As Figure 1 shown, when installing the wristband 100, the side of the wristband 100 that is away from the limit sleeve 200 corresponds to the patient's skin. One end of the first pasting member 110 is wound around the patient's wrist and then corresponds to and adheres to the second pasting member 120. Since the length of the second pasting member 120 is greater than that of the first pasting member 110, it can not only ensure that the first pasting member 110 and the second pasting member 120 are fully adhered, but also adjust the adhesion position according to different needs, and at the same time avoid the first pasting member 110 and the second pasting member 120 from contacting the patient's skin, preventing discomfort.

[0047] In another feasible implementation manner of the present utility model, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, to further improve the comfort of the patient when wearing the restraint, in this embodiment, an elastic layer 130 is also provided on the side of the wristband 100 that is away from the limit sleeve 200. The elastic layer 130 can be made of materials such as rubber, silica gel, medical dressings, and sponges, and should have a certain elasticity to absorb a certain amount of stress during the process of the patient's resistance, thereby avoiding wrist injuries caused by the patient's excessive resistance.

[0048] In another embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the buckle 330 specifically comprises a locking ring 331 and a locking plate 332. The locking ring 331 is an integrally formed component made of high-strength steel. It has a preset teardrop-shaped profile and a relief portion on one side. Correspondingly, one end of the locking plate 332 is pivotally positioned at a position corresponding to the relief portion, conforming to the shape of the locking ring 331. Specifically, a spring is disposed within the connection between the locking ring 331 and the locking plate 332. This spring is fixedly connected to the locking ring 331. The spring's elasticity allows the locking plate 332 to be moved under external force, thereby engaging the locking ring 331 with the adjustment hole 311. Once the external force is removed, the locking plate 332 automatically returns to its original position, sealing the relief portion of the locking ring 331. In this embodiment, the relief portion is positioned on the side of the locking ring 331 to avoid being pulled by the patient's force.

[0049] Further, if Figure 1 As shown, in order to facilitate the installation of the locking ring 331 on the strap 300, a connecting portion 333 is further provided on the locking ring 331 in this embodiment. The connecting portion 333 is a part of the locking ring 331 and is integrally formed with the locking ring 331. The connecting portion 333 is in the shape of a waist circle, and the long axis of the waist circle corresponds to the width dimension of the adjustment portion 310 of the strap 300. During actual installation, one end of the adjustment portion 310 of the strap 300 passes through the connecting portion 333 and is sleeved and connected to the connecting portion 333. The end of the strap 300 is fixedly connected to itself by sewing and routing, so as to fix the buckle 330.

[0050] Based on the above embodiment, the actual use process of the restraint belt of the utility model that facilitates adjusting the restraint distance is as follows:

[0051] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, first, the medical staff fixes the binding portion 320 of the binding belt 300 to the railing or binding plate of the bed by tying a knot, so that one end of the binding belt 300 is fixed to the position of the bed.

[0052] The wristband 100 is then placed around the patient's wrist, with the first adhesive member 110 and the second adhesive member 120 forming a sleeve that fits the patient's wrist size.

[0053] The adjustment end of the strap 300 is preset to pass through the limiting sleeve 200 on the wristband 100. The medical staff pulls the end of the strap 300 provided with the buckle 330 to make the strap 300 slide relative to the wristband 100 to adjust the constraint distance. When the constraint distance is suitable, the buckle 330 is combined with the adjustment hole 311 at the corresponding position to fix the strap 300, thereby completing the installation of the restraint belt.

[0054] When the patient needs to adjust the body position during the treatment process, the restraint distance of the restraint belt is synchronously adjusted. Medical staff can unlock the buckle 330, and re-adjust the restraint distance by pulling the strap 300 to slide relative to the wristband 100, and then realize re-fixation by combining the buckle 330 with the adjustment hole 311 at the corresponding position.

[0055] The utility model avoids the process of repeatedly operating the knot when repeatedly adjusting the restraint distance. Only by pulling the strap 300 can the adjustment be quickly completed, and it can be quickly locked by the buckle 330, effectively improving the operation efficiency of medical staff in adjusting the binding belt and ensuring the continuity of the treatment process.

[0056] Based on the above embodiments, the utility model further provides a medical auxiliary device, which includes the restraint belt for facilitating the adjustment of the restraint distance described in the above embodiments. The restraint belt for facilitating the adjustment of the restraint distance includes: a wristband, the two ends of the wristband are detachably connected; a limiting sleeve is arranged on one side of the wristband, the two sides in the length direction of the limiting sleeve are fixedly connected to the wristband, and the two sides in the width direction of the limiting sleeve are open; a strap, the strap is slidably sleeved with the limiting sleeve, a plurality of adjustment holes are arranged on the strap, a buckle is arranged at one end of the strap, and the buckle is detachably connected to the adjustment hole. By separating the strap from the wristband and slidingly connecting the strap with the limiting sleeve on the wristband, the utility model forms an adjustment structure. The wristband binds the patient's wrist, and the combination of the buckle and the adjustment hole on the strap forms a length limit. During actual use, only by switching the combination position of the buckle and the adjustment hole can the length of the restraint belt be adjusted, without repeatedly tying the strap on the corresponding bed side at the other end, simplifying the operation process and effectively ensuring the continuity of medical operations.

[0057] In summary, the utility model provides a restraint belt and a medical auxiliary device for facilitating the adjustment of the restraint distance. The restraint belt for facilitating the adjustment of the restraint distance includes: a wristband, the two ends of the wristband are detachably connected; a limiting sleeve is arranged on one side of the wristband, the two sides in the length direction of the limiting sleeve are fixedly connected to the wristband, and the two sides in the width direction of the limiting sleeve are open; a strap, the strap is slidably sleeved with the limiting sleeve, a plurality of adjustment holes are arranged on the strap, a buckle is arranged at one end of the strap, and the buckle is detachably connected to the adjustment hole. By separating the strap from the wristband and slidingly connecting the strap with the limiting sleeve on the wristband, the utility model forms an adjustment structure. The wristband binds the patient's wrist, and the combination of the buckle and the adjustment hole on the strap forms a length limit. During actual use, only by switching the combination position of the buckle and the adjustment hole can the length of the restraint belt be adjusted, without repeatedly tying the strap on the corresponding bed side at the other end, simplifying the operation process and effectively ensuring the continuity of medical operations.

[0058] It should be understood that the application of the present utility model is not limited to the above examples. For those of ordinary skill in the art, improvements or modifications can be made according to the above description, and all such improvements and modifications shall fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A restraint strap that is convenient for adjusting the restraint distance, characterized in that, The restraint belt for facilitating adjustment of the restraint distance comprises: A wristband having detachable ends; a limiting sleeve is provided on one side of the wristband, with both sides of the limiting sleeve being fixedly connected to the wristband in the length direction and both sides of the limiting sleeve being open in the width direction; A strap is slidably connected to the limiting sleeve, a plurality of adjustment holes are provided on the strap, and a buckle is provided at one end of the strap, and the buckle is detachably connected to the adjustment hole.

2. The restraint strap according to claim 1, which is convenient for adjusting the restraint distance, is characterized in that, The strap includes an adjustment portion; The limiting sleeve is arranged to be sheathed with the adjusting portion; The plurality of adjustment holes are arranged on the adjustment portion, and the plurality of adjustment holes are spaced apart by a predetermined distance and arranged along the length direction of the adjustment portion.

3. The restraint strap for facilitating adjustment of the restraint distance according to claim 2, wherein The binding strap further includes a binding portion; The binding portion is integrally connected to the adjusting portion, and a width dimension of the binding portion is smaller than a width dimension of the adjusting portion.

4. The restraint strap for facilitating the adjustment of the restraint distance according to claim 1, wherein A first adhesive piece is provided on one side of the wristband, and a second adhesive piece is provided on the other end of the wristband. The first adhesive piece and the second adhesive piece are detachably connected.

5. The restraint band for facilitating the adjustment of the restraint distance according to claim 4, wherein, The first adhesive member is provided on a side of one end of the wristband away from the limiting sleeve; The second adhesive member is provided on the other end of the wristband at a side corresponding to the limiting sleeve; The length of the second adhesive piece is greater than the length of the first adhesive piece.

6. The restraint strap for facilitating the adjustment of the restraint distance according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first adhesive piece and the second adhesive piece are respectively two parts of the Velcro.

7. The restraint strap for facilitating adjustment of the restraint distance according to claim 1, characterized in that, An elastic layer is provided on the side of the wristband facing away from the limiting sleeve, and the elastic layer covers the side surface of the wristband.

8. The restraint band for facilitating adjustment of the restraint distance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buckle includes: A locking ring, wherein the locking ring is integrally formed and a yielding portion is provided on one side of the locking ring; A lock plate is rotatably arranged on the yielding portion, a spring is arranged inside the lock plate, and the spring is fixedly connected to the lock ring.

9. The restraint strap for facilitating the adjustment of the restraint distance according to claim 8, characterized in that, The lock ring is provided with a connecting portion, which is in a waist-round shape; One end of the binding strap is sleeved and connected to the connecting portion.

10. A medical auxiliary device, characterized in that, The medical auxiliary device includes the restraint belt with easy adjustment of the restraint distance as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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