Wave washer forming die

Abstract

The utility model discloses a wave washer forming die, which belongs to the technical field of wave washer manufacturing equipment and comprises an upper forming die, a lower forming die, a mandrel and a positioning sleeve. Mandrels are arranged in the upper forming die and the lower forming die; the circumferential outer walls of the upper forming die and the lower forming die are sleeved with the positioning sleeve, and the upper forming die and the lower forming die are assembled with the positioning sleeve in the mode that the guide pins are arranged in the guide holes; an adjusting pad is arranged between the upper forming die and the positioning sleeve; when the mold is used for forming the wave washer, the accuracy of the waveform shape can be ensured, the design thickness of the wave washer can be completely ensured not to be changed beyond the tolerance range, and the accuracy of the shape, the thickness, the inner and outer diameter sizes and the elastic force of the formed wave washer can be ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of waveform washer manufacturing equipment, and particularly relates to a waveform washer forming die. Background Art

[0002] A waveform washer, also known as a single-layer closed waveform spring, is an elastic element with several wave-shaped peaks and valleys on a metal sheet ring. The waveform is generally an arc wave or a sine wave, and the waveforms are evenly distributed with a smooth transition between waves. Waveform washers usually work under thrust loads, mainly providing axial elastic pre-tightening force to reduce axial movement and bearing wear. They are widely used in various fields, such as automotive suspension systems, electrical equipment, industrial machinery, and aerospace fields, etc. Currently, some waveform washers used in the aerospace field have high requirements for the material, inner and outer diameters, and thickness of the waveform washers due to the limitations of assembly dimensions and pre-tightening force. Generally, changes exceeding the tolerance range are not allowed.

[0003] The manufacturing of waveform washers is mainly through a molding process. To ensure smooth molding, usually, the pressure of the pressure mechanism is very high during molding, and the pressing time is long. At the same time, the molding material will be pre-heat-treated to a soft state to facilitate the formation of the waveform. Therefore, it is difficult to ensure a constant thickness of the waveform washer during the molding process. According to Reynolds' law and Joul's law, changes in the sheet thickness will also cause changes in the inner and outer diameters of the material, further resulting in an out-of-tolerance change in the washer's elastic force and not achieving the required pre-tightening force during use. After molding, the sheet will have a smaller springback height. Therefore, usually, the wave height of the molding die is made about 1 mm higher than the required free height. At the same time, a mandrel is added to ensure the geometric tolerance and size of the inner diameter of the waveform washer. During molding, the inner diameter of the sheet can only shrink to the outer diameter size of the mandrel due to the presence of the mandrel, and the outer diameter cannot shrink accordingly. After molding, when the waveform washer rebounds or is forced to the free height, both the inner and outer diameters will increase. When the waveform washer is used and compressed to the working height, the inner and outer diameters will further increase, resulting in an out-of-tolerance outer diameter of the waveform washer during use. In severe cases, it exceeds the installation space, causing jamming and only allowing for repair or scrapping. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] Aiming at the above problems, the purpose of the present utility model is to provide a waveform washer forming die, which solves the problem of difficult installation of waveform washers manufactured by the existing molding process.

[0005] To achieve the above utility model purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present utility model is as follows:

[0006] Provided is a corrugated washer forming die, which comprises an upper forming die, a lower forming die, a mandrel and a positioning sleeve; the forming surfaces of the upper forming die and the lower forming die are in an annular corrugated structure and are mutually matched, and inner holes are arranged inside both the upper forming die and the lower forming die; the bottom of the mandrel is arranged inside the inner hole of the lower forming die, the top of the mandrel extends beyond the top of the lower forming die and is in sliding fit with the inner hole of the upper forming die; the positioning sleeve is sleeved on the circumferential outer walls of the upper forming die and the lower forming die, and a plurality of guide pins are vertically arranged on both the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the positioning sleeve; a plurality of guide holes which are in sliding fit with the plurality of guide pins are arranged on both the upper forming die and the lower forming die.

[0007] The basic principle of the present utility model is as follows: during the processing of the corrugated washer forming die, first, place the entire forming die on the platform of the pressing mechanism, then remove the upper forming die, place a circular sheet material, the inner ring of the circular sheet material is sleeved on the circumferential outer wall of the mandrel, then pass the upper forming die through the guide pins and place it on the circular sheet material, and finally apply sufficient pressure to the upper forming die through the pressing mechanism to ensure that the circular sheet material is formed into a predetermined corrugated washer.

[0008] Further, the positioning sleeve is in a hollow cylindrical structure, a plurality of pin holes are circumferentially arranged on both end faces of the positioning sleeve, and one of the guide pins is fixed in each of the pin holes.

[0009] Further, the fit between the guide pin and the guide hole is a transition fit.

[0010] Further, an adjusting pad is arranged between the upper forming die and the positioning sleeve, the thickness of the adjusting pad is the same as the thickness of the corrugated washer to be formed, and the hardness of the adjusting pad is greater than the hardness of the corrugated washer to be formed. The setting of the adjusting pad is used to control the gap between the forming surfaces of the upper forming die and the lower forming die, so that when the pressing mechanism applies sufficient pressure to cause the circular sheet material to deform sufficiently, the adjusting pad with high hardness and the positioning sleeve bear the pressure of the pressing mechanism, the thickness of the circular sheet material is basically not affected, and it can be completely controlled within the required tolerance range, so as to fully ensure that the designed thickness of the corrugated washer does not change and the elasticity of the corrugated washer after forming is accurate. At the same time, the change in the inner and outer diameters of the corrugated washer caused by the sheet thickness is excluded, and it is ensured that the change in the inner and outer diameters of the corrugated washer is mainly caused by the restriction of the mandrel and elastic deformation.

[0011] Further, the outer diameter of the mandrel is the same as the inner diameter of the wave washer to be formed. Due to the presence of the mandrel, the inner diameter size of the formed wave washer is restricted, that is, the inner diameter of the wave washer cannot shrink any further after shrinking to clamp the mandrel and is a fixed value. The outer diameter can be obtained by adding twice the sheet width of the wave washer to the inner diameter, and the projected perimeter of the wave washer at this time can be obtained by multiplying the outer diameter by pi. After knowing the projected perimeter, the arc length of the wave washer can be obtained through the arc length integral formula. Thereafter, whether it is pressed to the free height or compressed to the working height during operation, it can be considered that the arc length of the wave washer remains unchanged. Because the height of the wave washer changes, the projected arc length of the wave washer changes. Therefore, through the height of the wave washer during operation and the perimeter of the wave washer, the projected perimeter of the wave washer at this time can be inversely calculated, and then the outer diameter of the wave washer during operation can be obtained. Under normal circumstances, as long as the outer diameter of the wave washer during operation is slightly smaller than the installation space, it can be ensured that there is no interference between the wave washer and the installation space. This outer diameter is the size that needs to be controlled during the forming of the wave washer. After initially determining the blanking size of the wave washer, this method can be used to check and adjust the blanking size of the wave washer, so as to achieve the purpose of accurately controlling the inner and outer diameters of the formed wave washer.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows: In the wave washer forming die of the present utility model, during the forming process, the guide pin always ensures that the relative position of the two forming die surfaces only changes in distance and does not deflect, so as to ensure that the circular sheet material is uniformly stressed during forming, without stress concentration, and ensure the accuracy of the wave shape of the wave washer after forming; due to the setting of the adjusting pad, it is ensured that there is always a constant gap during the forming of the wave washer by the forming die, and this gap is equal to the thickness of the wave washer to be formed. When the pressure mechanism applies sufficient pressure to cause the circular sheet material to deform sufficiently, the adjusting pad and the positioning sleeve with high hardness bear the pressure of the pressure mechanism, and the thickness of the circular sheet material is basically not affected and can be completely controlled within the required tolerance range, further ensuring the accuracy of the elastic force of the wave washer after forming; at the same time, the mandrel restricts the minimum inner diameter of the wave washer, and the accuracy of the shape, thickness, inner and outer diameter dimensions and elastic force of the formed wave washer can be controlled, which is particularly suitable for the production of wave washers that require precise control of the inner and outer diameters, thickness and elastic force. Description of the Drawings

[0013] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a wave washer forming die.

[0014] Among them, 1. upper forming die; 2. lower forming die; 3. mandrel; 4. positioning sleeve; 5. guide pin; 6. adjusting pad; 7. circular sheet material. Detailed Embodiments

[0015] The following is a description of the specific embodiments of the present utility model to facilitate those skilled in the art of this technology to understand the present utility model. However, it should be clear that the present utility model is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those of ordinary skill in the art of this technology, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present utility model defined and determined by the appended claims, these changes are obvious, and all utility models created using the concept of the present utility model are within the scope of protection.

[0016] As Figure 1 shown, the present utility model provides a waveform washer forming die, which includes an upper forming die 1, a lower forming die 2, a mandrel 3 and a positioning sleeve 4; the forming surfaces of the upper forming die 1 and the lower forming die 2 are in a ring-shaped corrugated structure and match each other, and inner holes are provided inside both the upper forming die 1 and the lower forming die 2; the bottom of the mandrel 3 is arranged in the inner hole of the lower forming die 2, the top of the mandrel 3 extends beyond the top of the lower forming die 2 and is slidably matched with the inner hole of the upper forming die 1; the positioning sleeve 4 is sleeved on the circumferential outer walls of the upper forming die 1 and the lower forming die 2, and a plurality of guide pins 5 are vertically arranged on both the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the positioning sleeve 4; a plurality of guide holes slidably matched with the plurality of guide pins 5 are provided on both the upper forming die 1 and the lower forming die 2.

[0017] Specifically, the positioning sleeve 4 is in a hollow cylindrical structure, a plurality of pin holes are circumferentially arranged on both end faces of the positioning sleeve 4, and each pin hole is fixed with one of the guide pins 5. The guide pin 5 and the guide hole are in a transition fit. During the forming process, the guide pin 5 always ensures that the relative position of the forming surfaces of the two forming dies only changes in distance and will not deflect, so as to ensure that the circular sheet material 7 is uniformly stressed during forming, no stress concentration occurs, and the accuracy of the waveform shape after the waveform washer is formed is ensured.

[0018] In Figure 1 , a plurality of arrows at the top indicate that the pressure mechanism applies pressure to the upper forming die 1. When processing the waveform washer forming die, first place the entire forming die on the platform of the pressure mechanism, then remove the upper forming die 1, place the circular sheet material 7, the inner ring of the circular sheet material 7 is sleeved on the circumferential outer wall of the mandrel 3, then pass the upper forming die 1 through the guide pins 5 and place it on the circular sheet material 7, and finally apply sufficient pressure to the upper forming die 1 through the pressure mechanism to ensure that the circular sheet material 7 is formed into a predetermined waveform washer.

[0019] The outer diameter of the mandrel 3 is the same as the inner diameter of the wave washer to be formed; due to the presence of the mandrel 3, the inner diameter dimension of the formed wave washer is restricted, that is, the inner diameter of the wave washer cannot shrink any further after shrinking to clamp the mandrel 3 and is a fixed value. The outer diameter can be obtained by adding twice the sheet width of the wave washer to the inner diameter, and the projected perimeter of the wave washer at this time can be obtained by multiplying the outer diameter by pi. After knowing the projected perimeter, the arc length of the wave washer can be obtained through the arc length integral formula. Thereafter, whether it is pressed to the free height or compressed to the working height during operation, it can be considered that the arc length of the wave washer remains unchanged. Because the height of the wave washer changes, the projected arc length of the wave washer changes. Therefore, through the height of the wave washer during operation and the perimeter of the wave washer, the projected perimeter of the wave washer at this time can be inversely calculated, and then the outer diameter of the wave washer during operation can be obtained. Under normal circumstances, as long as the outer diameter of the wave washer during operation is slightly smaller than the installation space, it can be ensured that there is no interference between the wave washer and the installation space. This outer diameter is the dimension that needs to be controlled during the forming of the wave washer. After initially determining the blanking size of the wave washer, this method can be used to check and adjust the blanking size of the wave washer, so as to achieve the purpose of accurately controlling the inner and outer diameters of the formed wave washer.

[0020] Preferably, an adjusting pad 6 is provided between the upper forming die 1 and the positioning sleeve 4. The thickness of the adjusting pad 6 is the same as the thickness of the wave washer to be formed, and the hardness of the adjusting pad 6 is greater than the hardness of the wave washer to be formed. The setting of the adjusting pad 6 is used to control the gap between the forming surfaces of the upper forming die 1 and the lower forming die 2, so that when the pressure mechanism applies sufficient pressure to cause the circular sheet material 7 to deform sufficiently, the adjusting pad 6 with high hardness and the positioning sleeve 4 bear the pressure of the pressure mechanism, and the thickness of the circular sheet material 7 is basically not affected and can be completely controlled within the required tolerance range, so as to fully ensure that the designed thickness of the wave washer does not change and the elasticity of the formed wave washer is accurate. At the same time, the change in the inner and outer diameters of the wave washer caused by the sheet thickness is excluded, ensuring that the change in the inner and outer diameters of the wave washer is mainly caused by the restriction of the mandrel 3 and elastic deformation.

[0021] In summary, the wave washer forming die in the present utility model can achieve precise control of the shape, thickness, inner and outer diameter dimensions, and elasticity of the formed wave washer, and is particularly suitable for the production of wave washers that require precise control of the inner and outer diameters, thickness, and elasticity.

Claims

1. A waveform washer forming die, characterized in that, It includes an upper forming die, a lower forming die, a mandrel and a positioning sleeve; the forming surfaces of the upper forming die and the lower forming die are in an annular corrugated structure and match each other, and inner holes are provided inside both the upper forming die and the lower forming die; the bottom of the mandrel is arranged in the inner hole of the lower forming die, the top of the mandrel extends beyond the top of the lower forming die and is in sliding fit with the inner hole of the upper forming die; the positioning sleeve is sleeved on the circumferential outer walls of the upper forming die and the lower forming die, and a plurality of guide pins are vertically arranged on both the upper end face and the lower end face of the positioning sleeve; a plurality of guide holes for sliding fit with the plurality of guide pins are provided on both the upper forming die and the lower forming die.

2. The waveform washer forming die according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning sleeve is in a hollow cylindrical structure, and a plurality of pin holes are circumferentially arranged on both end faces of the positioning sleeve, and one of the guide pins is fixed in each of the pin holes.

3. The waveform washer forming die according to claim 2, characterized in that, There is an interference fit between the guide pin and the guide hole.

4. The waveform washer forming die according to claim 3, characterized in that, An adjusting pad is arranged between the upper forming die and the positioning sleeve, the thickness of the adjusting pad is the same as the thickness of the waveform washer to be formed, and the hardness of the adjusting pad is greater than the hardness of the waveform washer to be formed.

5. The waveform washer forming die according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer diameter of the mandrel is the same as the inner diameter of the waveform washer to be formed.

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