Anti-rockburst energy-absorbing anchor rod

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of tunnel anchor rods, and discloses an anti-rockburst energy-absorbing anchor rod which comprises a full-thread rod body, a first end, a second end, a first end and a second end. The anchoring assembly is arranged at the second end of the full-thread rod body and used for being unfolded at the opening portion of the anchor hole to form barbs and driving the barbs to be inserted into the rock wall so as to be tightly anchored to the rock wall. And the base plate assembly is used for being attached to the rock wall from the outside of the anchor hole and assembled on the anchoring assembly so as to seal the anchor hole. The outer ends of the anchor rods are anchored, the inner ends of the anchor rods penetrate into the rock mass to abut against the rock mass, the two ends are fixed and positioned, pressure is applied to the surrounding rock through prestress of the anchor rods to enhance the stability of the surrounding rock, deformation and stress distribution of the surrounding rock can be effectively controlled, accumulation of energy in the rock mass is reduced, and therefore the risk of rock burst is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of tunnels, and particularly to an anti-rockburst energy-absorbing bolt. Background Art

[0002] A bolt is the most basic component for supporting in contemporary tunnels. It reinforces the surrounding rock of the tunnel together, enabling the surrounding rock to support itself. Bolts are not only used in tunnels but also in engineering technologies to reinforce the main bodies of slopes, dams, etc. As a tensile member that penetrates deep into the ground, one end of the bolt is connected to the engineering structure, and the other end penetrates deep into the ground. The entire bolt is divided into a free section and an anchorage section. The free section refers to the area that transmits the tension at the bolt head to the anchorage body, and its function is to apply prestress to the bolt. Bolts play an important role in the support of tunnels. According to on-site investigations and expert evaluations, the proportion of the rockburst section in a certain plateau railway tunnel is about 35%, and the medium and strong rockburst sections account for about 2 / 3 of it. The main manifestations are that the surrounding rock at the crown and the two side arch waists drops and ejects blocks, and the energy is relatively large, seriously threatening the safety of construction personnel's lives and property and the progress of tunnel construction. Therefore, it is crucial to effectively prevent and control rockbursts during construction.

[0003] For the existing anti-rockburst tunnel bolts, the anchorage end is inside the anchor hole. During installation and use, there will still be some looseness between the bolt and the rock wall, resulting in a poor tightness effect. Content of the Utility Model

[0004] The utility model provides an anti-rockburst energy-absorbing bolt to solve the technical problem that there is looseness between the anti-rockburst tunnel bolt and the rock wall, resulting in a poor tightness effect.

[0005] The utility model provides an anti-rockburst energy-absorbing bolt, including: a full-threaded rod body for inserting the first end into the anchor hole; an anchoring assembly arranged at the second end of the full-threaded rod body for unfolding into barbs at the opening part of the anchor hole and driving the barbs to insert into the rock wall to achieve a tight anchor connection with the rock wall; and a backing plate assembly for fitting against the rock wall from outside the anchor hole and being assembled on the anchoring assembly to seal the anchor hole.

[0006] Further, the anchoring assembly includes a sleeve, a barb body, and a driving mechanism. The sleeve is sleeved and fixed at the second end of the full-threaded rod body; an annular installation sinking groove is formed on the sleeve, and a sliding groove is formed at the bottom of the installation sinking groove and axially arranged and vertically penetrates the bottom of the groove. The barb body is sleeved in the installation sinking groove and slidably arranged in the sliding groove; the power output end of the driving mechanism is connected to the barb body and is used to drive the barb body to slide along the sliding groove in the installation sinking groove.

[0007] Further, a plurality of sliding grooves are arranged; the plurality of sliding grooves are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the installation sinking groove, or the plurality of sliding grooves are arranged in pairs opposite to each other.

[0008] Furthermore, the driving mechanism includes a transmission body disposed in the inner cavity of the sleeve and connected to the barb body through a chute, and a threaded rod passing through the end base of the sleeve and threadedly connected to the transmission body. The screw head of the threaded rod is outside the end base of the sleeve.

[0009] Furthermore, the barb body includes an annular slider, on which barb grooves are formed. A plurality of barb grooves are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular slider; barb units and elastic members are arranged in the barb grooves. The barb units are arranged axially and the fixed ends are fixed on the groove walls of the barb grooves. The free ends of the barb units are suspended in the groove cavities of the barb grooves in a cantilever manner. The elastic members are elastically supported and arranged between the barb units and the groove bottoms of the barb grooves.

[0010] Furthermore, the anchoring assembly further includes a temporary sleeve, which is used to sleeve outside the sleeve and press the barb units in the inner cavity so that the elastic members have elastic pre-pressure.

[0011] Furthermore, the backing plate assembly includes an iron gasket for fitting against the rock wall to seal the anchor hole and a stainless steel gasket arranged in contact with the iron gasket. The outer surface of the iron gasket is provided with an anti-slip frosted layer, and the outer end of the stainless steel gasket is provided with a polygonal force application portion.

[0012] Furthermore, the rockburst-resistant energy-absorbing anchor bolt further includes an external connecting cylinder and an external full-threaded rod, and the external full-threaded rod is axially butt-connected and installed at the first end of the full-threaded rod body through the external connecting cylinder.

[0013] Furthermore, the external connecting cylinder includes an annular cylinder body in the shape of an annular sleeve, and the inner wall surface of the annular cylinder body is provided with internal threads matching the external threads of the full-threaded rod body and the external full-threaded rod.

[0014] Furthermore, the annular cylinder body is also provided with fastening screws arranged radially and used for radially abutting; a plurality of fastening screws are arranged at intervals in the radial and axial directions.

[0015] The utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The anti-rockburst energy-absorbing bolt of the present utility model is provided with a full-threaded rod body that matches the length of the anchor hole; optionally, when the length of the full-threaded rod body is insufficient, it can be extended to the matching length by axially docking an external rod at the first end of the full-threaded rod body; insert the first end of the full-threaded rod body into the anchor hole and make the end abut against the bottom of the anchor hole. At this time, the barbed anchoring part of the anchoring assembly is just at the position of the anchor hole orifice. By releasing the barbs and making the barbs inserted into the rock wall at the anchor hole orifice, and then driving the barbs into the interior of the rock wall, the tight connection with the rock wall in the inner cavity of the anchor hole is realized, and the bolt is not easy to loosen; then install the backing plate assembly to completely seal the anchor hole, so as to facilitate the subsequent full-length glue bonding of the anchor hole. The outer end of the bolt that is easily affected by external forces is fixed by being inserted into the rock wall, while the inner end extends deep into the rock mass and abuts against it, realizing fixed positioning at both ends. By applying pressure to the surrounding rock through the prestress of the bolt, the stability of the surrounding rock can be enhanced, the deformation and stress distribution of the rock mass can be effectively controlled, the accumulation of energy inside the rock mass can be reduced, and thus the risk of rockburst occurrence can be reduced.

[0017] In addition to the purposes, features and advantages described above, the present utility model has other purposes, features and advantages. The following will refer to the drawings to further elaborate on the present utility model in detail. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The drawings constituting a part of the present utility model are used to provide a further understanding of the present utility model. The schematic embodiments of the present utility model and their descriptions are used to explain the present utility model and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present utility model. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the anti-rockburst energy-absorbing bolt of the preferred embodiment of the present utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the backing plate assembly and the anchoring assembly of the preferred embodiment of the present utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the anchoring assembly of the preferred embodiment of the present utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the external connection cylinder of the preferred embodiment of the present utility model.

[0023] LEGEND DESCRIPTION:

[0024] 100, fully threaded rod body; 101, first through hole; 200, anchoring assembly; 201, sleeve body; 2011, installation sink; 2012, chute; 202, barbed body; 2021, annular slider; 2022, barbed groove; 2023, barb unit; 2024, elastic member; 203, driving mechanism; 2031, transmission body; 2032, threaded rod; 300, backing plate assembly; 301, iron gasket; 302, stainless steel gasket; 303, polygonal force application part; 400, temporary sleeve; 500, external connection cylinder; 501, annular cylinder body; 502, fastening screw; 600, external fully threaded rod; 601, second through hole. Detailed implementation mode

[0025] The following will describe the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different ways defined and covered by the following.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-rockburst energy-absorbing bolt according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a backing plate assembly and an anchoring assembly according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of an anchoring assembly according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of an external connection cylinder according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Such as Figure 1As shown in the figure, the rockburst-resistant energy-absorbing bolt of this embodiment includes: a full-threaded rod body 100 for inserting the first end into the anchor hole; an anchoring assembly 200 disposed at the second end of the full-threaded rod body 100 for unfolding barbs at the opening of the anchor hole and driving the barbs to insert into the rock wall to achieve tight anchoring with the rock wall; and a backing plate assembly 300 for fitting against the rock wall from outside the anchor hole and being assembled on the anchoring assembly 200 to seal the anchor hole. For the rockburst-resistant energy-absorbing bolt of the present invention, a full-threaded rod body 100 matching the length of the anchor hole is set; optionally, when the length of the full-threaded rod body 100 is insufficient, it can be extended to the matching length by axially docking an external rod at the first end of the full-threaded rod body 100; insert the first end of the full-threaded rod body 100 into the anchor hole and make the end abut against the bottom of the anchor hole. At this time, the barb anchoring part of the anchoring assembly 200 is just at the position of the anchor hole orifice. By releasing the barbs and making the barbs inserted into the rock wall at the orifice of the anchor hole, and then driving the barbs to insert into the interior of the rock wall, thereby achieving a tight connection with the rock wall in the inner cavity of the anchor hole, and the bolt is not easily loosened; then install the backing plate assembly 300 to completely seal the anchor hole for subsequent full-length glue injection bonding of the anchor hole. The outer end of the bolt that is easily affected by external forces is fixed by inserting into the rock wall, while the inner end extends deep into the rock mass and abuts against it to achieve fixed positioning at both ends. By applying pressure to the surrounding rock through the prestress of the bolt, the stability of the surrounding rock can be enhanced, the deformation and stress distribution of the rock mass can be effectively controlled, and the accumulation of internal energy in the rock mass can be reduced, thereby reducing the risk of rockburst occurrence.

[0028] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown in the figure, in this embodiment, the anchoring assembly 200 includes a sleeve body 201, a barbed body 202, and a driving mechanism 203. The sleeve body 201 is sleeved and fixed on the second end of the full-threaded rod body 100. An annular installation sink 2011 is formed on the sleeve body 201. A chute 2012 is formed at the bottom of the installation sink 2011 and runs axially through the bottom of the sink. The barbed body 202 is sleeved in the installation sink 2011 and slidably arranged in the chute 2012. The power output end of the driving mechanism 203 is connected to the barbed body 202 and is used to drive the barbed body 202 to slide along the chute 2012 in the installation sink 2011. The barbed body 202 is slidably arranged in the installation sink 2011 on the surface of the sleeve body 201, and barbs are formed by unfolding at the opening of the anchor hole. The barbs are inserted into the rock wall to form a primary anchoring. Driven by the driving mechanism 203, the barbed body 202 slides along the chute 2012 in the installation sink 2011, so that the barbs are inserted deeper into the rock wall to form a secondary anchoring, further enhancing the anchoring effect between the anchor rod and the rock wall, and realizing the tight anchoring between the anchor rod and the rock wall. This anchoring method can improve the anchoring force of the anchor rod and ensure the stability of the anchor rod in the rock mass. The chute 2012 adopts a through groove that runs through up and down, which is convenient for the driving connection between the driving mechanism 203 and the barbed body 202, and there is no need to make the structure protrude from the surface of the sleeve body 201, so it will not affect the anchoring and insertion into the anchor hole. Optionally, the surface height of the anchoring assembly 200 is flush; specifically, the outer surface of the sleeve body 201 is flush with the outer surface of the barbed body 202. Optionally, the barbed body 202 is composed of two semi-circular rings welded or buckled relatively. Optionally, the barbed body 202 is composed of a plurality of arc-shaped plates welded or buckled in sequence. Optionally, the buckling can adopt a male-female groove buckle.

[0029] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown in the figure, in this embodiment, a plurality of chutes 2012 are arranged; the plurality of chutes 2012 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the installation sink 2011, or the plurality of chutes 2012 are arranged in pairs. The plurality of chutes 2012 can make the force distribution of the barbed body 202 on the sleeve body 201 more uniform, avoiding the damage of the anchor rod or the rock wall caused by local stress concentration; the chutes 2012 arranged at intervals along the circumference or in pairs can make the barbed body 202 more stable when unfolding, improving the anchoring effect between the anchoring assembly 200 and the rock wall; when the rock mass undergoes uneven deformation, the plurality of chutes 2012 can provide adaptability in multiple directions to adapt to the deformation of the rock mass; the plurality of chutes 2012 can make the installation and unfolding process of the barbed body 202 more flexible and controllable, facilitating the operation of construction personnel according to the actual situation; the chutes 2012 arranged in pairs can provide additional support and stability, reducing the impact of the failure of a single chute 2012 on the performance of the entire anchoring assembly 200 and improving the overall reliability.

[0030] As Figure 3 shown, in this embodiment, the driving mechanism 203 includes a transmission body 2031 disposed in the inner cavity of the sleeve body 201 and connected to the barb body 202 through the chute 2012, and a threaded rod 2032 that penetrates the end base of the sleeve body 201 and is threadedly connected to the transmission body 2031. The screw head of the threaded rod 2032 is outside the end base of the sleeve body 201. The screw head of the threaded rod 2032 being outside the end base of the sleeve body 201 allows construction personnel to precisely control the position of the transmission body 2031 by rotating the screw head and then drive the threaded rod 2032, thereby controlling the deployment and contraction of the barb body 202; by rotating the threaded rod 2032, the transmission body 2031 can be driven to move along the chute 2012, which enables the barb body 202 to dynamically deploy or retract along the chute 2012 in the installation sink 2011 to adapt to different anchoring requirements; the driving effect of the threaded rod 2032 enables the barb body 202 to be inserted more firmly into the rock wall. By adjusting the position of the threaded rod 2032, the contact area and depth between the barbs and the rock wall can be increased or decreased, thereby enhancing the anchoring force; the design of the threaded connection simplifies the installation process of the anchoring assembly 200. Construction personnel can rotate the threaded rod 2032 manually or mechanically to quickly achieve the deployment and fixation of the barb body 202; the design of the threaded rod 2032 allows construction personnel to make necessary adjustments and maintenance according to the actual deformation of the rock mass after the installation of the anchoring assembly 200 to ensure the long-term stability of the anchoring assembly 200; the combined use of the threaded rod 20...

[0031] As Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, in this embodiment, the barb body 202 includes an annular slider 2021. A barb groove 2022 is formed in the annular slider 2021, and a plurality of barb grooves 2022 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular slider 2021. A barb unit 2023 and an elastic member 2024 are arranged in the barb groove 2022. The barb unit 2023 is arranged along the axial direction and the fixed end is fixed to the groove wall of the barb groove 2022. The free end of the barb unit 2023 is suspended in the cavity of the barb groove 2022 in a cantilever manner. The elastic member 2024 is elastically supported and arranged between the barb unit 2023 and the bottom of the barb groove 2022. The plurality of barb grooves 2022 arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular slider 2021 enable the anchoring force to be evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the anchor rod, improving the stability and reliability of the anchoring. The spaced arrangement of the barb grooves 2022 enables the barb units 2023 to be evenly anchored on the rock wall, optimizing the anchoring effect and improving the uniformity and integrity of the anchoring. The free end of the barb unit 2023 is cantilevered in the barb groove 2022 and the elastic member 2024 provides elastic support. This design allows the barb unit 2023 to dynamically adapt when the rock wall deforms. The elastic effect of the elastic member 2024 can absorb the minute deformation of the rock mass. The barb unit 2023 is inserted into the rock wall, increasing the contact area with the rock wall and improving the anchoring strength. The cantilever design of the barbs makes the anchoring more secure. The elastic support of the elastic member 2024 can reduce the stress concentration on the rock wall when installing the barb unit 2023 and reduce the risk of rock mass rupture. When the rock mass undergoes large deformation, the elastic member 2024 can provide additional energy absorption space and absorb energy through elastic deformation, reducing the damage to the anchor rod and the rock wall. The combined use of the barb unit 2023 and the elastic member 2024 can, to a certain extent, reduce the direct friction between the barbs and the rock wall and extend the service life of the anchoring assembly 200.

[0032] As Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, in this embodiment, the anchoring assembly 200 further includes a temporary sleeve 400. The temporary sleeve 400 is used to sleeve outside the sleeve body 201 and press the barb unit 2023 into the inner cavity, so that the elastic member 2024 has an elastic pre-pressure. By sleeving the temporary sleeve 400, a pre-pressure can be applied to the elastic member 2024. When the temporary sleeve 400 is removed, this pre-pressure helps the barb unit 2023 to fit more closely to the rock wall during anchoring, improving the anchoring effect; before the anchoring assembly 200 is deployed in place, the temporary sleeve 400 can protect the barb unit 2023 from being damaged or deformed during transportation or installation; the temporary sleeve 400 plays a role in controlling the deployment of the barb unit 2023 during installation, ensuring that the barb unit 2023 is deployed at the correct position and time, improving the accuracy of construction; using the temporary sleeve 400 can simplify the installation process of the barb unit 2023. The construction personnel only need to remove the temporary sleeve 400 after the anchoring assembly 200 is installed in place to release the barb unit 2023 and achieve rapid anchoring; the application of the pre-pressure helps to ensure that the barb unit 2023 and the elastic member 2024 can work reliably when the rock mass deforms, reducing the risk of anchoring failure caused by improper installation or rock mass deformation; by controlling the deployment of the barb unit 2023, it is possible to prevent construction personnel from accidentally touching the barbs during installation, improving construction safety.

[0033] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, in this embodiment, the backing plate assembly 300 includes an iron gasket 301 for fitting against the rock wall to close the anchor hole and a stainless steel gasket 302 arranged in contact with the iron gasket 301. The outer surface of the iron gasket 301 is provided with an anti-slip matte layer, and the outer end of the stainless steel gasket 302 is provided with a polygonal force-applying portion 303. The iron gasket 301 is used to fit against the rock wall to close the anchor hole, preventing rock powder, debris, etc. from entering the anchor hole, ensuring the sealing performance and durability of the anchoring assembly 200; the anti-slip matte layer on the outer surface of the iron gasket 301 increases the friction coefficient with the rock wall, preventing the backing plate from sliding or shifting when stressed, improving the stability of the anchoring assembly 200; the stainless steel gasket 302 has good corrosion resistance and wear protection; the design of the polygonal force-applying portion 303 at the outer end of the stainless steel gasket 302 facilitates force application during installation, improving the efficiency of construction and installation; the combined use of the iron gasket 301 and the stainless steel gasket 302 enables the backing plate assembly 300 to adapt to different rock wall conditions and environments, improving the versatility and adaptability of the anchoring assembly 200; the combined use of the backing plate assembly 300 and the anchoring assembly 200 can improve the overall stability of the anchoring system, ensuring the firm fixation of the anchor bolt in the rock mass.

[0034] As Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, in this embodiment, the rockburst-resistant energy-absorbing bolt further includes an external connecting cylinder 500 and an external full-thread rod 600. The external full-thread rod 600 is axially butt-jointed and installed at the first end of the full-thread rod body 100 through the external connecting cylinder 500. The external full-thread rod 600 can be axially butt-jointed and installed at the first end of the full-thread rod body 100 through the external connecting cylinder 500, so that the effective length of the bolt can be increased when needed to meet the anchoring requirements of anchor holes at different depths; by adding the external full-thread rod 600, more thread contact area can be provided, thereby increasing the anchoring force of the bolt on the rock wall; the design of the external connecting cylinder 500 allows construction personnel to flexibly adjust the bolt length according to the actual situation during the bolt installation process, improving the convenience and flexibility of construction; under complex geological conditions, bolts of different lengths may be required to adapt to different rock layer depths or rock mass structures, and the external full-thread rod 600 provides this adaptability; when the rock mass deforms, the external full-thread rod 600 can provide additional deformation space, helping to absorb and disperse energy and reducing damage to the bolt and the rock wall; the combined use of the external connecting cylinder 500 and the external full-thread rod 600 provides a reliable connection method to ensure the firm fixation of the bolt in the rock mass. Optionally, the full-thread rod body 100 has a first through hole 101, and the external full-thread rod 600 has a second through hole 601; the through holes can provide stress release points when the bolt is stressed, helping to avoid stress concentration and improving the fatigue life of the bolt; the through holes can add additional functions to the bolt, for example, sensors can be installed for monitoring rock mass displacement or stress; the through holes can be used as bending reinforcement points to improve the bending resistance of the bolt by passing through the reinforcement members in the holes.

[0035] As Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, in this embodiment, the external connection cylinder 500 includes an annular cylinder body 501 in the shape of an annular sleeve. The inner wall surface of the annular cylinder body 501 is provided with internal threads that match the external threads of the full threaded rod body 100 and the external full threaded rod 600. The design of the internal threads allows the external connection cylinder 500 to achieve a tight threaded connection with the full threaded rod body 100 and the external full threaded rod 600, ensuring the firmness and tightness of the connection; through the matching of the internal threads, the external connection cylinder 500 can effectively connect the full threaded rod body 100 and the external full threaded rod 600, thereby providing an extension of the bolt structure to adapt to different anchoring depths; the annular structure of the annular cylinder body 501 increases the contact area with the full threaded rod body 100 and the external full threaded rod 600, contributing to improving the stability of the anchoring system; the external connection cylinder 500 allows construction workers to flexibly adjust the length of the bolt according to geological conditions and construction requirements, improving the adaptability and flexibility of construction; the connection of the annular cylinder body 501 to the full threaded rod body 100 and the external full threaded rod 600 through its internal threads helps to more evenly distribute stress throughout the bolt system; by using the external connection cylinder 500 to connect threaded rods of different lengths, material waste caused by the inapplicability of fixed-length bolts can be reduced. Since the outer surface of the full threaded rod body 100 and / or the outer surface of the external full threaded rod 600 is a full-thread structure, the friction with the surrounding is increased, and then energy is absorbed by the frictional work of the full-thread structure and the anchoring agent, thereby achieving the purpose of energy absorption for rockburst resistance. Optionally, a first through hole 101 is opened inside the full threaded rod body 100, and a second through hole 601 is opened inside the external full threaded rod 600. The first through hole 101 and the second through hole 601 are connected to a pressurizing device. By pressurizing the first through hole 101 and the second through hole 601 of the pressurizing device, the full threaded rod body 100 and / or the external full threaded rod 600 is expanded, further increasing the friction with the surrounding, and then energy is absorbed by the frictional work of the full-thread structure and the anchoring agent, thereby achieving the purpose of energy absorption for rockburst resistance. Optionally, when only the full threaded rod body 100 is provided, by arranging a conical structure on the full threaded rod body 100, the contact area and friction between the full threaded rod body 100 and the surrounding are increased by using the conical structure, and energy is absorbed by the frictional work of the conical body-anchoring agent, thereby achieving the purpose of energy absorption for rockburst resistance. Optionally, when the full threaded rod body 100 and the external full threaded rod 600 are connected through the external connection cylinder 500, a conical structure is arranged in the non-connection area of the full threaded rod body 100 and / or the external full threaded rod 600, and the contact area and friction between the full threaded rod body 100 and / or the external full threaded rod 600 and the surrounding are increased by using the conical structure, and energy is absorbed by the frictional work of the conical body-anchoring agent, thereby achieving the purpose of energy absorption for rockburst resistance.The conical structure specifically refers to the raised structure in the shape of a cone on the surface of the full-threaded rod body 100 or the externally-connected full-threaded rod 600. Of course, it can also be replaced with convex structures of other shapes, aiming to increase the contact area and friction between the full-threaded rod body 100 or the externally-connected full-threaded rod 600 and the surrounding, and then absorb energy by using frictional work.

[0036] As Figure 1 and Figure 4 shown, in this embodiment, the annular cylinder 501 is also provided with fastening screws 502 arranged radially and used for radially abutting; a plurality of fastening screws 502 are arranged at intervals in the radial and axial directions. The fastening screws 502 can apply pressure to the full-threaded rod body 10 hundred and the externally-connected full-threaded rod 600 in the radial direction, enhancing the connection stability between them and the annular cylinder 501, and combining the threaded connection between the full-threaded rod body 100 and the externally-connected full-threaded rod 600 and the annular cylinder 501 to form a multi-directional connection, which can play a role in stable connection and anti-reverse, and the connection stability is better; the fastening screws 502 arranged at intervals in the axial direction can provide additional axial fixing force to ensure that the connection between the connecting cylinder and the threaded rod will not loosen due to axial force; by arranging at intervals in the radial and axial directions, the fastening screws 502 help to improve the stress distribution on the annular cylinder 501, reduce local stress concentration, and reduce the risk of structural failure; the fastening screws 502 can prevent the loosening of the threaded connection caused by vibration or other external forces, thereby protecting the internal thread from damage.

[0037] During implementation, an anti-rockburst energy-absorbing bolt is provided to prevent rockburst phenomena in the tunnel. Through the arranged barbs 202, the barb units 2023 that have formed barbs can be inserted into the interior of the rock wall, making the fit between the bolt and the rock wall more firm and tight, thus ensuring a better tight effect between the bolt and the rock wall.

[0038] See Figures 1 to 4, The anti-rockburst energy-absorbing bolt, with a diameter of 22 mm, a yield strength of 400 MPa, a tensile strength of 570 MPa, and an elongation rate that can reach 22%, has good deformation ability. The anti-rockburst energy-absorbing bolt includes: an external connection cylinder 500, the external connection cylinder 500 is threadedly connected with a fastening screw 502, the inner wall of the external connection cylinder 500 is threadedly connected with a full-thread rod body 100 and an external full-thread rod 600. The fastening screw 502 at one end of the external connection cylinder 500 is in contact with the outer surface of the full-thread rod body 100, and the fastening screw 502 at the other end of the external connection cylinder 500 is in contact with the outer surface of the external full-thread rod 600. One end of the full-thread rod body 100 away from the external connection cylinder 500 is fixedly connected with a sleeve 201, the outer surface of the sleeve 201 is slidably connected with a temporary sleeve 400, and a barbed body 202 is arranged between the sleeve 201 and the temporary sleeve 400. A first through hole 101 is opened inside the full-thread rod body 100, and a second through hole 601 is opened inside the external full-thread rod 600.

[0039] The barbed body 202 includes a rectangular sliding hole (chute 2012) and a threaded rod 2032. The rectangular sliding hole is opened inside the installation sink 2011 of the sleeve 201, and the threaded rod 2032 is rotatably connected inside the sleeve 201.

[0040] An external thread of the threaded rod 2032 is connected with a connecting rod (transmission body 2031), and one end of the connecting rod away from the threaded rod 2032 is in contact with the inner wall of the sleeve 201.

[0041] The outer surface of the connecting rod is slidably connected with the inner wall of the rectangular sliding hole, and both ends of the connecting rod are fixedly connected with sliding sleeves (annular sliders 2021).

[0042] The inner side of the sliding sleeve is slidably connected with the rectangular sliding hole (chute 2012) opened in the installation sink 2011 of the sleeve 201, and a spring (elastic member 2024) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sliding sleeve.

[0043] A barbed piece unit 2023 is hinged to the inner wall of the sliding sleeve, and one side of the barbed piece unit 2023 close to the threaded rod 2032 is fixedly connected to one end of the spring.

[0044] By removing the temporary sleeve 400, the temporary sleeve 400 releases the restriction on the spring and the barbed piece unit 2023, enabling the barbed piece unit 2023 to pop out through the elastic force of the spring and form barbs with the surrounding rock wall.

[0045] By turning the threaded rod 2032, the threaded rod 2032 drives the connecting rod to move away from the anchor hole. The connecting rod synchronously drives the sliding sleeve, the spring, and the barb unit 2023 to move away from the anchor hole, so that the barb unit 2023 with barbs formed can be inserted into the interior of the rock wall, making the fit between the anchor bolt and the rock wall more firm and tight, thus ensuring a better tight effect between the anchor bolt and the rock wall.

[0046] By turning the fastening screws 502 respectively, one end of each fastening screw 502 can be made to tightly abut against the full threaded rod body 100 and the external full threaded rod 600 respectively, so as to fix the full threaded rod body 100 and the external full threaded rod 600.

[0047] There are two fastening screws 502, both of which are arranged inside the external connecting cylinder 500 and are in a symmetrical state. A chute 2012 is opened inside the sleeve body 201. The size of the chute 2012 is adapted to the sliding sleeve. There are two chutes 2012, both of which are opened inside the installation sink 2011 of the sleeve body 201 and are in a symmetrical state. There are six springs and barb units 2023, all of which are arranged inside the sliding sleeve.

[0048] The diameter of the external connecting cylinder 500 is the same as the diameter of the sleeve body 201.

[0049] Working principle: When adding an external anchor bolt to the anchor bolt, first screw the external connecting cylinder 500 onto the full threaded rod body 100. After screwing it to the middle position of the external connecting cylinder 500, fix the full threaded rod body 100 by turning the fastening screws 502. Then screw the external full threaded rod 600 into the external connecting cylinder 500 until it contacts one end of the full threaded rod body 100. After contact, fix the external full threaded rod 600 by turning the fastening screws 502 tightly, so that the connection between the full threaded rod body 100 and the external full threaded rod 600 is more firm. When using the barb body 202 of the anchor bolt, first insert the anchor bolt into the previously drilled rod hole (anchor hole) until the external full threaded rod 600 contacts the bottom end of the rod hole, and then the temporary sleeve 400 can be removed. Thus, the temporary sleeve 400 releases the restriction on the spring and the barb unit 2023, enabling the barb unit 2023 to pop out by the elastic force of the spring and form barbs with the surrounding rock wall. Then, by turning the threaded rod 2032, the threaded rod 2032 drives the connecting rod to move away from the rod hole (anchor hole). The connecting rod synchronously drives the sliding sleeve, the spring, and the barb unit 2023 to move away from the rod hole (anchor hole), so that the barb unit 2023 with barbs formed can be inserted into the interior of the rock wall. The full-length bonding is adopted between the anchor bolt and the surrounding rock of the drill hole, and the bonding uses ultra-fine cement with a water-cement ratio of 1.0, forming an ultra-fine cement layer between the anchor bolt and the rock wall, and further making the fit between them more firm and tight, thus ensuring a better tight effect between the anchor bolt and the rock wall.

[0050] Matters not covered by this utility model are well-known technologies.

[0051] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as falling within the scope described in this specification.

[0052] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation manners of this utility model. The description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the utility model. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of this utility model, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be subject to the appended claims.

[0053] The above is only the preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not used to limit this utility model. For those skilled in the art, this utility model can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of this utility model shall be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. An anti-rockburst energy-absorbing bolt, characterized in that, Comprising: A fully threaded rod body (100) for insertion into the anchor hole with the first end facing inward; An anchoring assembly (200) disposed at the second end of the fully threaded rod body (100) for unfolding barbs at the opening of the anchor hole and driving the barbs to insert into the rock wall to achieve tight anchoring with the rock wall; And A backing plate assembly (300) for fitting against the rock wall from outside the anchor hole and assembling on the anchoring assembly (200) to close the anchor hole; The anchoring assembly (200) includes a sleeve body (201), a barb body (202) and a driving mechanism (203). The sleeve body (201) is sleeved and fixed at the second end of the fully threaded rod body (100). An annular mounting sink (2011) is provided on the sleeve body (201). A chute (2012) is provided at the bottom of the mounting sink (2011) and runs axially through the bottom of the sink. The barb body (202) is sleeved in the mounting sink (2011) and slidably disposed in the chute (2012). The power output end of the driving mechanism (203) is connected to the barb body (202) and is used to drive the barb body (202) to slide in the mounting sink (2011) along the chute (2012); The backing plate assembly (300) includes an iron gasket (301) for fitting against the rock wall to close the anchor hole and a stainless steel gasket (302) disposed in contact with the iron gasket (301). The outer surface of the iron gasket (301) is provided with an anti-slip frosted layer, and the outer end of the stainless steel gasket (302) is provided with a polygonal force application portion (303).

2. The anti-rockburst energy-absorbing anchor bolt according to claim 1, wherein A plurality of chutes (2012) are provided; The plurality of chutes (2012) are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the mounting sink (2011), or the plurality of chutes (2012) are arranged in pairs opposite to each other.

3. The anti-rockburst energy-absorbing anchor bolt according to claim 2, wherein The driving mechanism (203) includes a transmission body (2031) disposed in the inner cavity of the sleeve body (201) and connected to the barb body (202) through the chute (2012), and a threaded rod (2032) passing through the end base of the sleeve body (201) and threadedly connected to the transmission body (2031), The screw head of the threaded rod (2032) is outside the end base of the sleeve body (201).

4. The anti-rockburst energy-absorbing anchor bolt according to claim 3, wherein The barb body (202) includes an annular slider (2021). A barb groove (2022) is provided on the annular slider (2021). The plurality of barb grooves (2022) are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular slider (2021); A barb unit (2023) and an elastic member (2024) are disposed in the barb groove (2022). The barb unit (2023) is arranged axially and the fixed end is fixed to the groove wall of the barb groove (2022). The free end of the barb unit (2023) is suspended in the cavity of the barb groove (2022) in a cantilever manner. The elastic member (2024) is elastically supported between the barb unit (2023) and the bottom of the barb groove (2022).

5. The anti-rockburst energy-absorbing anchor bolt according to claim 3, wherein The anchoring assembly (200) further includes a temporary sleeve (400), The temporary sleeve (400) is used to be sleeved outside the sleeve body (201) and press the spiked unit (2023) in the inner cavity, so that the elastic member (2024) has an elastic pre-pressure.

6. The anti-rockburst energy-absorbing bolt according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The anti-rockburst energy-absorbing bolt further includes an external connecting cylinder (500) and an external full-threaded rod (600), The external full-threaded rod (600) is axially butt-connected and installed at the first end of the full-threaded rod body (100) through the external connecting cylinder (500).

7. The anti-rockburst energy-absorbing bolt according to claim 6, characterized in that The external connecting cylinder (500) includes an annular cylinder body (501) in the shape of an annular sleeve, The inner wall surface of the annular cylinder body (501) is provided with internal threads matching the external threads of the full-threaded rod body (100) and the external threads of the external full-threaded rod (600).

8. The anti-rockburst energy-absorbing bolt according to claim 7, characterized in that The annular cylinder body (501) is further provided with fastening screws (502) arranged radially and used for radially abutting; A plurality of fastening screws (502) are arranged at intervals in the radial and axial directions.

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