Anchor rod capable of being automatically adjusted to adapt to rock stratum movement

Abstract

The utility model discloses an anchor rod capable of being automatically adjusted to adapt to rock stratum movement, which belongs to the technical field of underground supporting equipment and comprises an anchor rod body and an anchoring end. The first flexible section is arranged at one end of the anchor rod body, a second flexible section is arranged on one side of the anchor rod body, and a first nut is arranged at one end of the anchor rod body; the threaded sleeve is arranged on the outer side of the first nut; according to the anchor rod, the two-section type flexible section deformed steel bar is arranged, the anchor rod can effectively adapt to the complex motion state of a rock stratum, when the rock stratum displaces or deforms, the flexible section deformed steel bar can flexibly respond, pressure and friction borne by the anchor rod are reduced, the stability of the anchor rod is ensured, meanwhile, the servo motor is started to drive the first nut to be loosened or tightened, and the anchor rod can be fixed. The pre-tightening force of the anchor rod can be dynamically adjusted accurately according to the movement condition of a rock stratum, the angle of the anchor rod in the rock stratum can be adjusted, it is ensured that the anchor rod is always matched with the actual stress state of the rock stratum, and therefore the supporting effect of the anchor rod is achieved to the maximum extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of underground support equipment, and particularly relates to an anchor rod which can automatically adjust and adapt to rock stratum movement. Background Art

[0002] Anchor bolts that automatically adjust to rock movement are a support structure designed to address dynamic changes in rock formations. Through a built-in mechanism, they flexibly adjust the angle and preload of the anchor bolt in the rock formation. This feature enables them to precisely adapt to the complex tensile and shear stresses induced by rock formation movement. In this process, the anchor bolts automatically isolate unnecessary mechanical forces, ensuring a more stable and reliable support system. Using these anchor bolts significantly improves their load-bearing capacity and significantly reduces the risk of fatigue failure caused by long-term uneven stress. This effectively prevents a range of potential issues, such as overall failure of the support system and anchor bolt breakage or shearing, providing a solid guarantee for the safety and stability of underground projects.

[0003] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN220469969U provides a left-handed fully threaded anchor rod for improving the anchoring force of an anchor rod, comprising a hollow anchor rod body, the outer wall of the hollow anchor rod body being provided with a left-handed thread, the inner wall of the hollow anchor rod body being provided with a plurality of groups of clamping blocks, the inner wall of the hollow anchor rod body being provided with a cross support member that cooperates with the plurality of groups of the clamping blocks, so as to improve the overall prestress of the hollow anchor rod body, the cross support member and the inner wall of the hollow anchor rod body forming a plurality of groups of grouting holes for conveying mortar. When in use, the utility model improves the stress-bearing strength of the hollow anchor rod body through the provided clamping blocks and cross support member, thereby improving the anchoring strength of the hollow anchor rod body, and the grouting holes formed by the cross support member and the inner wall of the hollow anchor rod body achieve the purpose of achieving the purpose of conveying slurry into the borehole accommodating the anchor rod through the grouting holes after the structure for strengthening the anchor rod strength is installed inside the hollow anchor rod body.

[0004] When existing anchor rods are installed underground, they often rely on mechanized operations based on past experience and apply preload. This traditional installation method often results in an inappropriate anchor rod installation angle. If the anchor rod installation angle is too large, and the tensile stress gradually accumulates and reaches a certain critical value, long-term exposure to such loads will cause the threaded section at the tail of the anchor rod to bend due to uneven stress, leading to cracks and even fracture in severe cases. During the entire anchor rod stress process, it is in a complex state of combined stress, bearing not only axial tensile stress but also lateral shear force and bending moment. As the rock formation continues to move underground, the stress state of the anchor rod changes continuously, easily exceeding its designed bearing capacity limit, ultimately causing the anchor rod to break, affecting the overall stability and safety of the support system. Utility Model Content

[0005] The present utility model provides an anchor rod that can automatically adjust to adapt to stratum movement to solve the problem in the prior art that improper angles of anchor rods are likely to cause the fracture of the tail thread after long-term stress.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present utility model provides the following technical solution: An anchor rod that can automatically adjust to adapt to stratum movement, comprising:

[0007] An anchor rod body and an anchoring end;

[0008] A first flexible section is provided at one end of the anchor rod body. A second flexible section is provided on one side of the anchor rod body, and a first nut is provided at one end of the anchor rod body.

[0009] A threaded sleeve is provided outside the first nut. A driving block is provided on one side of the threaded sleeve. A driving groove is formed in the driving block, and a servo motor is provided in the driving groove.

[0010] A tray is sleeved outside the anchor rod body. An installation groove is formed in the tray. An external tooth ring is provided in the installation groove. A plurality of rectangular grooves are formed on one side of the tray. The plurality of rectangular grooves are annularly distributed around the central axis of the anchor rod body, and a corresponding extension plate is provided in each of the plurality of rectangular grooves.

[0011] To adapt to stratum movement, further, the output end of the servo motor extends outside the driving block and is provided with a torque shaft. One end of the torque shaft is provided on one side of the threaded sleeve. A forward and reverse switch is provided on one side of the driving block. The flexible section is a flexible threaded steel.

[0012] As a preferred implementation manner, a second nut adapted to the anchor rod body is provided on one side of the tray, and the second nut is sleeved outside the anchor rod body.

[0013] As a preferred implementation manner, a grout stop plug is provided on one side of the tray. The grout stop plug is sleeved outside the anchor rod body, and the outside of the grout stop plug is inclined.

[0014] As a preferred implementation manner, a limiting plate is provided at one end of each of the plurality of extension plates. A limiting groove adapted to the limiting plate is formed on one side of each of the plurality of rectangular grooves. The plurality of limiting plates are respectively located in the plurality of limiting grooves and are slidably connected to the side walls of the limiting grooves.

[0015] To conveniently adjust the area of the tray, further, a guide rod is provided on one side of each of the plurality of extension plates. The external tooth ring is provided with a plurality of guide grooves adapted to the guide rods. The plurality of guide rods respectively penetrate through the plurality of rectangular grooves and are respectively located in the plurality of guide grooves.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment, a positioning groove is formed at one end of the tray, a positioning shaft is rotatably connected in the positioning groove, a positioning wheel adapted to the external toothed ring is arranged on the outer side of the positioning shaft, and one end of the positioning wheel extends into the installation groove and is meshed with the external toothed ring.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment, a stepping motor is arranged on one side of the tray, one end of the positioning shaft penetrates through the positioning groove and extends to the outside, and is arranged on the output end of the stepping motor.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows:

[0019] 1. In the present utility model, by providing the two-section flexible-section threaded steel, it can effectively adapt to the intricate movement state of the rock formation. When the rock formation undergoes displacement or deformation, the flexible-section threaded steel can respond flexibly, reducing the pressure and friction on the bolt, ensuring its stability. At the same time, starting the servo motor to drive the first nut to loosen or tighten can not only accurately dynamically adjust the pre-tightening force of the bolt according to the movement of the rock formation, but also adjust the angle of the bolt in the rock formation to ensure that the bolt always matches the actual stress state of the rock formation, thereby maximizing its supporting role;

[0020] 2. In the present utility model, through the multiple guiding grooves provided on the external toothed ring, in cooperation with the guiding rods installed on one side of the multiple extension plates, when the external toothed ring rotates, it can drive the multiple extension plates to move outward along a preset path, and can adjust the overall area of the tray as needed, enabling it to flexibly adapt to various complex and changeable geological conditions, effectively dispersing the pressure generated during bolt support, not only improving the stability and bearing capacity of the support structure, enhancing the adaptability of bolt support, but also greatly ensuring the support effect, providing a solid guarantee for the safety and reliability of geological engineering. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is the main external view schematic diagram of the structure of the present utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 is the main cross-sectional view schematic diagram of the driving block of the structure of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 is the main cross-sectional view schematic diagram of the tray of the structure of the present utility model;

[0024] Figure 4 is the side cross-sectional view schematic diagram of the tray of the structure of the present utility model.

[0025] In the figure: 1, bolt body; 2, anchoring end; 3, first flexible section; 4, second flexible section; 5, first nut; 6, threaded sleeve; 7, driving block; 8, servo motor; 9, tray; 10, external gear ring; 11, extension plate; 12, torque shaft; 13, forward and reverse switch; 14, second nut; 15, grout plug; 16, limit plate; 17, guide rod; 18, guide groove; 19, positioning shaft; 20, positioning wheel; 21, stepper motor. Specific embodiments

[0026] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0027] Embodiment 1:

[0028] Please refer to Figures 1-4 , the present invention provides an anchor bolt that can automatically adjust to the movement of rock strata, including:

[0029] A bolt body 1 and an anchoring end 2;

[0030] A first flexible section 3 is arranged at one end of the bolt body 1. A second flexible section 4 is arranged on one side of the bolt body 1. A first nut 5 is arranged at one end of the bolt body 1;

[0031] A threaded sleeve 6 is arranged outside the first nut 5. A driving block 7 is arranged on one side of the threaded sleeve 6. A driving groove is formed in the driving block 7, and a servo motor 8 is arranged in the driving groove;

[0032] A tray 9 is sleeved outside the bolt body 1. An installation groove is formed in the tray 9. An external gear ring 10 is arranged in the installation groove. A plurality of rectangular grooves are formed on one side of the tray 9, and the plurality of rectangular grooves are annularly distributed around the central axis of the bolt body 1. A plurality of extension plates 11 adapted thereto are arranged in the plurality of rectangular grooves.

[0033] Specifically, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the output end of the servo motor 8 extends outside the driving block 7 and is provided with a torque shaft 12. One end of the torque shaft 12 is arranged on one side of the threaded sleeve 6. A forward and reverse switch 13 is arranged on one side of the driving block 7. The flexible section is flexible threaded steel. The first flexible section 3 and the second flexible section 4 are used to adapt to the intricate movement of the rock strata and prevent shear failure.

[0034] Through its design, the power source provided by the servo motor 8 causes the torque shaft 12 to rotate. The torque shaft 12 will generate torque on the threaded sleeve 6, so that the first nut 5 automatically rotates under the action of the threaded sleeve 6. The forward and reverse switch 13 can change the rotation direction of the torque shaft 12, thereby changing the rotation direction of the threaded sleeve 6, realizing the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the first nut 5, and achieving the free state of the nut to be tightened and loosened.

[0035] Specifically, as Figure 1 shown, a second nut 14 adapted to the bolt body 1 is provided on one side of the tray 9. The second nut 14 is sleeved outside the bolt body 1. When the second nut 14 rotates, the position of the tray 9 can be adjusted, and when the rotation stops, the position of the tray 9 can be locked, enabling it to support rock formations at different positions.

[0036] Specifically, as Figure 3 shown, a grout plug 15 is provided on one side of the tray 9. The grout plug 15 is sleeved outside the bolt body 1. The outside of the grout plug 15 is inclined. The grout plug 15 can greatly improve the reliability and safety of bolt curing.

[0037] Specifically, as Figure 3 shown, a limiting plate 16 is provided at one end of each of the multiple extension plates 11. A limiting groove adapted to the limiting plate 16 is opened on one side of each of the multiple rectangular grooves. The multiple limiting plates 16 are respectively located in the multiple limiting grooves and are slidably connected to the side walls of the limiting grooves. The multiple limiting plates 16 cooperate with the multiple limiting grooves to respectively limit the moving positions of the multiple extension plates 11, ensuring the accuracy of the tray 9 in supporting the rock formation.

[0038] Refer to Figures 1-4 , when the rock formation moves, first start the servo motor 8. The servo motor 8 provides a power source, causing the torque shaft 12 to rotate. At the same time, the forward and reverse switch 13 is in the reverse state, which can change the rotation direction of the torque shaft 12. The threaded sleeve 6 will make the first nut 5 in a loose state. At the same time, the angle of the bolt in the rock formation can be automatically adjusted to adapt to the movement of the rock formation. When the rock formation stops moving, the forward and reverse switch 13 is in the forward state, changing the rotation direction of the torque shaft 12, and the threaded sleeve 6 will make the first nut 5 in a tight state.

[0039] Embodiment 2:

[0040] Please refer to Figures 1-4 , the present utility model provides an anchor bolt that can automatically adjust to adapt to the movement of the rock formation, including:

[0041] A bolt body 1 and an anchoring end 2;

[0042] A first flexible section 3 is provided at one end of the bolt body 1. A second flexible section 4 is provided on one side of the bolt body 1. A first nut 5 is provided at one end of the bolt body 1;

[0043] A threaded sleeve 6 is provided outside the first nut 5. A driving block 7 is provided on one side of the threaded sleeve 6. A driving groove is opened in the driving block 7, and a servo motor 8 is provided in the driving groove;

[0044] The tray 9 is sleeved outside the bolt body 1. An installation groove is provided in the tray 9. An external tooth ring 10 is provided in the installation groove. A plurality of rectangular grooves are provided on one side of the tray 9. The plurality of rectangular grooves are annularly distributed around the central axis of the bolt body 1. Extension plates 11 adapted to each other are provided in the plurality of rectangular grooves.

[0045] Specifically, as Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, guide rods 17 are provided on one side of the plurality of extension plates 11. The external tooth ring 10 is provided with a plurality of guide grooves 18 adapted to the guide rods 17. The plurality of guide rods 17 respectively penetrate through the plurality of rectangular grooves and are respectively located in the plurality of guide grooves 18.

[0046] Through its design, when the external tooth ring 10 rotates, it will drive the plurality of guide rods 17 to move respectively through the plurality of guide grooves 18. The plurality of guide rods 17 will respectively drive the plurality of extension plates 11 to move, so that the area of the tray 9 can be adjusted, enabling it to flexibly adapt to various complex and changeable geological conditions and effectively dispersing the pressure generated during bolt support.

[0047] Specifically, as Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, a positioning groove is provided at one end of the tray 9. A positioning shaft 19 is rotatably connected in the positioning groove. A positioning wheel 20 adapted to the external tooth ring 10 is provided on the outside of the positioning shaft 19. One end of the positioning wheel 20 extends into the installation groove and is meshed with the external tooth ring 10. When the positioning shaft 19 rotates, it will drive the positioning wheel 20 to rotate, thereby driving the external tooth ring 10 to rotate and adjusting the positions of the plurality of extension plates 11.

[0048] Specifically, as Figure 1 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, a stepper motor 21 is provided on one side of the tray 9. The stepper motor 21 is a prior art and will not be elaborated here. One end of the positioning shaft 19 penetrates through the positioning groove and extends to the outside, and is arranged on the output end of the stepper motor 21. Starting the stepper motor 21 can drive the positioning shaft 19 to rotate.

[0049] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An automatically adjustable bolt adapted to the movement of rock strata, characterized in that, Including: An anchor rod body (1) and an anchoring end (2); A first flexible section (3) is arranged at one end of the anchor rod body (1). A second flexible section (4) is arranged on one side of the anchor rod body (1). A first nut (5) is arranged at one end of the anchor rod body (1); A threaded sleeve (6) is arranged outside the first nut (5). A driving block (7) is arranged on one side of the threaded sleeve (6). A driving groove is formed in the driving block (7), and a servo motor (8) is arranged in the driving groove; A tray (9) is sleeved outside the anchor rod body (1). An installation groove is formed in the tray (9). An external tooth ring (10) is arranged in the installation groove. A plurality of rectangular grooves are formed on one side of the tray (9), and the plurality of rectangular grooves are annularly distributed around the central axis of the anchor rod body (1). An extension plate (11) in adaptation is arranged in each of the plurality of rectangular grooves.

2. The automatically adjustable rock bolt adapted to strata movement according to claim 1, wherein: The output end of the servo motor (8) extends to the outside of the driving block (7) and is provided with a torque shaft (12). One end of the torque shaft (12) is arranged on one side of the threaded sleeve (6). A forward and reverse switch (13) is arranged on one side of the driving block (7). The flexible section is flexible threaded steel.

3. The automatically adjustable rockbolt adaptable to strata movement according to claim 1, wherein: A second nut (14) adapted to the anchor rod body (1) is arranged on one side of the tray (9), and the second nut (14) is sleeved outside the anchor rod body (1).

4. A rock bolt capable of automatically adjusting and adapting to rock formation movement according to claim 1, characterized in that: A grout stop plug (15) is arranged on one side of the tray (9), and the grout stop plug (15) is sleeved outside the anchor rod body (1). The outside of the grout stop plug (15) is inclined.

5. A rock bolt capable of automatically adjusting to the movement of the rock formation according to claim 1, characterized in that: Limit plates (16) are arranged at one ends of the plurality of extension plates (11). Limit grooves adapted to the limit plates (16) are formed on one side of the plurality of rectangular grooves. The plurality of limit plates (16) are respectively located in the plurality of limit grooves and are slidably connected to the side walls of the limit grooves.

6. The automatically adjustable rock bolt adapted to strata movement according to claim 1, wherein: Guide rods (17) are arranged on one side of the plurality of extension plates (11). A plurality of guide grooves (18) adapted to the guide rods (17) are formed through the external tooth ring (10). The plurality of guide rods (17) respectively penetrate through the plurality of rectangular grooves and are respectively located in the plurality of guide grooves (18).

7. A rock bolt capable of automatically adjusting to the movement of the rock formation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A positioning groove is formed at one end of the tray (9). A positioning shaft (19) is rotatably connected in the positioning groove. A positioning wheel (20) adapted to the external tooth ring (10) is arranged on the outside of the positioning shaft (19). One end of the positioning wheel (20) extends into the installation groove and is meshed with the external tooth ring (10).

8. The automatically adjustable rock bolt adapted to strata movement according to claim 7, characterized in that: A stepping motor (21) is arranged on one side of the tray (9). One end of the positioning shaft (19) penetrates through the positioning groove and extends to the outside and is arranged on the output end of the stepping motor (21).

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