Axle box vibration signal acquisition system of rail flaw detection car

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of railway engineering, in particular to a rail flaw detection car axle box vibration signal acquisition system, which comprises a signal trigger module, a vibration acceleration sensor, a data acquisition module and a data processing unit, the vibration acceleration sensor is mounted on an axle box of the rail flaw detection car, the vibration acceleration sensor is connected with the data acquisition module through a signal transmission cable, and the data acquisition module is connected with the data processing unit. The rail flaw detection car axle box vibration signal acquisition device has the advantages that the rail flaw detection car axle box vibration signal acquisition device can accurately and conveniently acquire rail flaw detection car axle box vibration signals, and has adaptability with a rail image acquisition device; and the track inspection data analysis capability is further improved to better serve the maintenance and repair of the steel rail of the public work department and guarantee the safety and stability of railway transportation and production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of railway engineering, in particular to a vibration signal acquisition system for an axle box for rail flaw detection. Background Art

[0002] After rails are put into use on railway systems, especially with the rapid development of my country's high-speed railways and the heavy operation of high-speed trains, their surface condition can become abnormal over time. Rail surface damage primarily includes wave-shaped wear (corrugation), abrasions, flaking, and dents, each with varying degrees of severity. Rail surface damage significantly shortens rail service life. It also leads to loose fasteners, compacted trackbeds, and increased vehicle vibration, impacting operational quality, further damaging vehicle components, and sometimes even causing train disruptions. The acquisition of axlebox vibration signals from rail flaw detection vehicles is a pressing technical challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a rail flaw detection axle box vibration signal acquisition system based on the above-mentioned deficiencies of the existing technology. By installing a vibration sensor on the rail flaw detection axle box to collect and analyze vibration response data, the rail image data and the axle box vibration signal are integrated and processed, and research on intelligent detection and analysis technology of rail surface status is carried out. A combination of three-dimensional and planar detection methods is used to quickly identify, find and review rail surface defects, further improving the track inspection data analysis capability, so as to better serve the engineering department in rail maintenance and repair, and ensure the safety and stability of railway transportation production.

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0005] A rail flaw detection vehicle axle box vibration signal acquisition system, characterized in that: the vibration signal acquisition system includes a signal trigger module, a vibration acceleration sensor, a data acquisition module and a data processing unit, wherein the signal trigger module triggers the vibration acceleration sensor to operate, the vibration acceleration sensor is installed on the axle box of the rail flaw detection vehicle, the vibration acceleration sensor is connected to the data acquisition module via a signal transmission cable, and the data acquisition module is connected to the data processing unit.

[0006] The vibration signal acquisition system also includes a module installation and integration chassis.

[0007] The vibration acceleration sensor adopts a three-axis piezoelectric vibration sensor to collect the three-dimensional vibration signals of the axle box of the rail flaw detection vehicle caused by track excitation, namely, the lateral, vertical and longitudinal vibration signals.

[0008] The vibration signal acquisition system is connected to a time-space synchronous positioning module.

[0009] The advantages of the present utility model are as follows: it can accurately and conveniently collect the vibration signals of the axle boxes of rail flaw detection vehicles, and has adaptability to the rail image acquisition device; it further improves the data analysis ability of track inspection, so as to better serve the rail maintenance of the track maintenance department and ensure the safe and stable operation of railway transportation production. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0010] Figure 1 It is a system architecture diagram of the present utility model. Detailed Embodiment

[0011] The features of the present utility model and other related features will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings through embodiments for the understanding of those skilled in the same industry:

[0012] Embodiment: As Figure 1 shown, the vibration signal acquisition system of the axle box of the rail flaw detection vehicle in this embodiment is installed on the rail flaw detection vehicle and works in coordination with the existing rail image acquisition device. The rail image data and the axle box vibration signals are synchronously collected through the space-time synchronization positioning module, and then the image and vibration data are transmitted into the data analysis system for fusion processing and analysis, and a detection method combining three-dimensional and two-dimensional is used to quickly identify, search for and review the surface defects of the rail.

[0013] In this embodiment, the vibration signal acquisition system of the axle box of the rail flaw detection vehicle mainly includes a vibration acceleration sensor, a data acquisition and processing device, and a signal transmission cable. Among them, the data acquisition and processing device is mainly composed of a data processing unit, a data acquisition module, a signal trigger module, and a module installation and integration chassis, etc.

[0014] Among them, the vibration acceleration sensor, as the front-end sensing device for obtaining the vibration signals of the specified parts of the axle boxes of the rail flaw detection vehicle, adopts a three-axis piezoelectric vibration sensor with a measuring range of ⒛0g to collect the three-direction vibration signals of the lateral, vertical and longitudinal directions of the vehicle axle box caused by track excitation. A 4-core shielded FEP cable is used to connect the vibration acceleration sensor and the data acquisition module, and the vibration sensor obtains a 2mA excitation power supply through the IEPE constant current source chip inside the data acquisition module.

[0015] The data acquisition module collects and preprocesses the axle box vibration signals of the rail flaw detection vehicle. The sampling frequency is set to 12,800 Hz to fully capture the rich time-frequency information contained in the axle box vibration. The data processing unit is the core component of the axle box vibration signal acquisition system of the rail flaw detection vehicle. It is built on the NI CompactRIO embedded platform and has various hardware I / O and software modules. In addition to receiving, processing, and analyzing the axle box vibration signals, it also obtains the spatio-temporal information of the running rail flaw detection vehicle through the positioning and speed measurement module for subsequent data search and positioning analysis. The on-vehicle power supply is converted into DC 24V by the power conversion module for the use of the data processing unit, and the start and stop of the system are controlled through the switch button.

[0016] The signal trigger module collects the wheel motion encoder in the rail image system to trigger the synchronous acquisition of the axle box vibration signals for subsequent precise fusion processing and analysis between the rail images and the axle box vibration data. The massive axle box vibration data of the rail flaw detection vehicle needs to be downloaded and stored through a large-capacity hard disk. The hard disk is regularly replaced, backed up, and cleaned. During the on-site vehicle inspection process, a laptop can be connected to the data acquisition device to view the lateral, vertical, and longitudinal vibration signals of the vehicle axle box caused by track excitation in real time. The time-frequency characteristics of the axle box vibration of the rail flaw detection vehicle can be viewed online through the real-time analysis software.

[0017] After the axle box vibration signals of the rail flaw detection vehicle are obtained through the acquisition system, they are imported into professional data analysis software for the fusion, in-depth analysis, and research of the rail images and the axle box vibrations. The typical defect positions such as corrugated wear, abrasion, spalling, and chromium injury on the rail surface are obtained through the analysis of the track inspection images. The corresponding vibration data at this position is retrieved for a large amount of data accumulation and analysis to study the characteristic laws and analysis algorithms of various typical rail defects in the vibration dimension. A rail condition detection model that fuses vibration and images is established based on a deep convolutional neural network. By designing different functional units in the neural network, the rail image features and the axle box vibration features are fused at different feature sizes, retaining the correlation between cross-modal elements and paying attention to the interaction between multi-modal sequences at different feature depths to achieve the information complementarity between the acceleration sensor and the vision sensor. At the same time, a rail surface condition recognition model is further designed to accurately segment and extract the rail surface damage. On this basis, through a large amount of data collection and analysis, a rich rail surface damage image vibration database is established, and the research on the damage discrimination criteria is gradually carried out.

[0018] Although the above embodiments have detailed the concept and implementation of the purpose of the present utility model with reference to the accompanying drawings, those of ordinary skill in the art can recognize that various improvements and transformations can still be made to the present utility model without departing from the scope defined by the claims, so they will not be elaborated here one by one.

Claims

1. A vibration signal acquisition system for axle boxes of a rail flaw detection vehicle, characterized in that: The vibration signal acquisition system includes a signal trigger module, a vibration acceleration sensor, a data acquisition module, and a data processing unit. The signal trigger module triggers the vibration acceleration sensor to work. The vibration acceleration sensor is installed on the axle box of the rail flaw detection vehicle. The vibration acceleration sensor is connected to the data acquisition module through a signal transmission cable, and the data acquisition module is connected to the data processing unit.

2. The axle box vibration signal acquisition system for rail flaw detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration signal acquisition system further includes a module installation and integration chassis.

3. The axle box vibration signal acquisition system for rail flaw detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration acceleration sensor adopts a three-axis piezoelectric vibration sensor to collect three-direction vibration signals in the lateral, vertical, and longitudinal directions of the axle box of the rail flaw detection vehicle caused by track excitation.

4. A vibration signal acquisition system for a rail flaw detection axle box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration signal acquisition system is connected to a space-time synchronization positioning module.

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