Laminate

Abstract

The utility model provides a laminated body with excellent sliding property and wear resistance. The laminated body provided by the utility model comprises a base material layer; and a sliding layer which is directly or indirectly laminated on a part or all of the surface of the base material layer and which is mainly composed of a crosslinked fluororesin, the base material layer comprising a fluororesin-impregnated glass cloth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a laminate. Background Art

[0002] Fluororesins are excellent in heat resistance, chemical resistance and weather resistance, and have low adhesiveness and coefficient of friction, and also excellent sliding properties. Therefore, fluororesins are considered useful as coatings for various substrates and sliding members. In the prior art, for the purpose of providing a sliding member with high heat resistance stability that can withstand long-term use, a sliding member composed of a non-porous sheet has been proposed. The non-porous sheet is composed of a heat-resistant resin such as modified polytetrafluoroethylene resin obtained by irradiating ionizing radiation (see Patent Document 1).

[0003] Prior Art Documents

[0004] Patent Documents

[0005] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-206105. Summary of the Utility Model

[0006] The laminate of the utility model has: a base material layer; and a sliding layer that is directly or indirectly laminated on a part or all of the surface area of the base material layer and is mainly composed of a crosslinked fluororesin. The base material layer is composed of a glass cloth impregnated with a fluororesin. Description of the Drawings

[0007] Figure 1 It is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a laminate of an embodiment of the utility model.

[0008] Figure 2 For Figure 1 Schematic partial enlarged top view of the laminate.

[0009] Figure 3 For showing Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of the laminate along line A-A.

[0010] Figure 4 For showing in Figure 1 Schematic partial enlarged cross-sectional view of the state where a lubricant is applied to the outer surface of the laminate.

[0011] Figure 5 It is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a laminate of another embodiment of the utility model.

[0012] Figure 6 Schematic top view showing a modification of the sliding layer.

[0013] Figure 7 Schematic top view showing another modification of the sliding layer. Detailed implementation mode

[0014] [Problems to be solved by the utility model]

[0015] Fluororesin has the properties of low coefficient of friction, easy sliding but easy to wear. Therefore, when fluororesin is used for sliding members, the durability is likely to become insufficient.

[0016] From this aspect, in order to improve the durability of fluororesin, crosslinking of fluororesin is considered.

[0017] In addition, depending on the use, it is also possible to consider coating lubricants such as oil and grease on the surface of the layer containing fluororesin to improve the sliding property. However, when the surface of the fluororesin is flat, the lubricant is likely to move, and it is difficult for the lubricant to stay on the surface for a long time.

[0018] The present utility model is completed in view of such a situation, and its problem is to provide a laminate excellent in sliding property and abrasion resistance.

[0019] [Effects of the present utility model]

[0020] The laminate of the present utility model is excellent in sliding property and abrasion resistance.

[0021] [Description of the implementation mode of the present utility model]

[0022] First, the implementation mode of the present utility model will be listed for explanation.

[0023] Regarding the laminate of the present utility model, (1) it has: a base material layer; and a sliding layer that is directly or indirectly laminated on a part or all of the surface area of the above-mentioned base material layer and has a crosslinked fluororesin as the main component, and the above-mentioned base material layer is composed of glass cloth impregnated with fluororesin.

[0024] This laminate has a sliding layer with a fluororesin as the main component and the above-mentioned fluororesin is crosslinked, so it has excellent abrasion resistance. In addition, the above-mentioned sliding layer of this laminate has easy sliding property due to the non-adhesive property of the above-mentioned fluororesin. In addition, the above-mentioned base material layer is composed of glass cloth impregnated with fluororesin, so it has excellent heat resistance and tensile strength. Therefore, this laminate is excellent in sliding property and abrasion resistance.

[0025] (2) In the above (1), the above-mentioned laminate may further have: an adhesive layer that is directly laminated between the surface of the above-mentioned base material layer and the surface of the above-mentioned sliding layer. By further having an adhesive layer that is directly laminated between the surface of the above-mentioned base material layer and the surface of the above-mentioned sliding layer, the laminate can further improve the adhesion between the base material layer and the sliding layer.

[0026] (3) In the above (1) or (2), the sliding layer may have a plurality of grooves on its outer surface. The average width of the plurality of grooves may be 100 μm or more and 1000 μm or less, the average depth may be 30 μm or more and 500 μm or less, and the average interval may be 250 μm or more and 3000 μm or less. Some or all of the plurality of grooves may be independent grooves. The plurality of grooves may extend in a cross direction and be arranged as a whole in a lattice shape. By having a plurality of grooves on the outer surface, the sliding layer can reduce the contact area with the sliding object member. By making the average width, average depth, and average interval of the plurality of grooves within the above ranges, the contact area between the sliding layer and the sliding object member can be further reduced. In addition, when the laminate is used in a state where a lubricant is applied to the outer surface of the sliding layer, by making the average width and average depth of the plurality of grooves within the above ranges, it is easy for the lubricant to stay in the plurality of grooves, thereby further improving the sliding property.

[0027] Furthermore, since some or all of the plurality of grooves are independent grooves, it is easy for the lubricant to stay in the independent grooves, thereby improving the sliding property. In addition, according to this configuration, a decrease in the wear resistance of the sliding layer caused by the plurality of grooves can be suppressed. The plurality of grooves extend in a cross direction and are arranged as a whole in a lattice shape. Thus, the contact area between the sliding layer and the sliding object member can be easily and reliably reduced by the plurality of grooves extending in the direction along the sliding direction. In addition, when a lubricant is applied to the outer surface of the sliding layer, it is easy for the lubricant to stay in the plurality of grooves that cross at a relatively large angle with respect to the sliding direction. Thereby, the sliding property can be improved.

[0028] (4) In the above (1) or (2), the sliding layer may have a plurality of recesses having the same shape in a plan view on its outer surface. The plurality of recesses may be arranged in multiple columns on the outer surface and be arranged at equal intervals in each column. The average maximum diameter of the plurality of recesses in the column direction in a plan view may be 100 μm or more and 1000 μm or less, the average interval of the plurality of recesses in the column direction in a plan view may be 250 μm or more and 3000 μm or less, and the average depth of the plurality of recesses may be 30 μm or more and 500 μm or less. By the sliding layer having a plurality of recesses having the same shape in a plan view on its outer surface, the plurality of recesses being arranged in multiple columns on the outer surface and being arranged at equal intervals in each column, and the average maximum diameter of the plurality of recesses in the column direction in a plan view, the average interval of the plurality of recesses in the column direction in a plan view, and the average depth of the plurality of recesses being within the above ranges, the contact area between the sliding layer and the sliding object member can be reduced, and it becomes easy for the lubricant to stay in the plurality of recesses. Therefore, the sliding property can be further improved.

[0029] (5) In any one of the above (1) to (4), the average thickness of the above substrate layer may be 50 μm or more and 150 μm or less. By making the average thickness of the above substrate layer 50 μm or more and 150 μm or less, the strength of the substrate layer can be made good and useless thickening can be suppressed.

[0030] (6) In any one of the above (1) to (5), the average thickness of the above sliding layer may be 30 μm or more and 1000 μm or less. By making the average thickness of the above sliding layer 30 μm or more and 1000 μm or less, the strength of the sliding layer can be made good and useless thickening can be suppressed.

[0031] (7) In any one of the above (1) to (6), the texture of the glass cloth in the above fluororesin-impregnated glass cloth may be plain weave. By making the texture of the glass cloth in the above fluororesin-impregnated glass cloth plain weave, the substrate layer can be made thinner. "Plain weave" means a basic fabric structure in which warp yarns and weft yarns are alternately interwoven one over and one under.

[0032] (8) In any one of the above (1) to (7), the resin impregnated in the above fluororesin-impregnated glass cloth may be polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer or a combination thereof. The resin impregnated in the above fluororesin-impregnated glass cloth is polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer or a combination thereof, whereby the durability and heat resistance of the substrate layer can be improved.

[0033] (9) In any one of the above (1) to (8), the above sliding layer may be mainly composed of crosslinked polytetrafluoroethylene, crosslinked tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, crosslinked tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, crosslinked tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer or a combination thereof. The above sliding layer is mainly composed of crosslinked polytetrafluoroethylene, crosslinked tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, crosslinked tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, crosslinked tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer or a combination thereof, whereby the abrasion resistance and heat resistance of the above sliding layer can be further improved.

[0034] (10) In the above (2) or any one of (3) to (9) citing the above (2), the above adhesive layer may be mainly composed of tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer or a combination thereof. The above adhesive layer is mainly composed of tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer or a combination thereof, whereby the adhesiveness and heat resistance of the above adhesive layer can be made better.

[0035] In addition, in the present utility model, the "main component" refers to the component with the highest content, for example, it refers to a component containing 60% by mass or more. The "groove" refers to a long concave pit. The "average width of the groove" refers to the average value of the widths of the opening parts of any 20 grooves after removing five maximum widths and five minimum widths. The "average depth of the groove" refers to the average value of any 20 depths of the groove after removing five maximum depths and five minimum depths. The "average interval of the grooves" refers to the average value of any 20 intervals between the opening parts of adjacent grooves after removing five maximum intervals and five minimum intervals. In addition, the "average maximum diameter in the column direction when the plurality of recesses are viewed from above" refers to the average value of the maximum diameters in the column direction when any 20 recesses are viewed from above after removing five maximum maximum diameters and five minimum maximum diameters. The "average depth of the plurality of recesses" refers to the average value of any 20 depths of the recesses after removing five maximum depths and five minimum depths. The "average interval in the column direction when the plurality of recesses are viewed from above" refers to the average value of any 20 intervals between adjacent recesses in the same column when the plurality of recesses are viewed from above after removing five maximum intervals and five minimum intervals.

[0036] [Details of the Embodiment of the Present Utility Model]

[0037] Hereinafter, embodiments of the laminate of the present utility model will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0038] [First Embodiment]

[0039] The laminate has: a base material layer; and a sliding layer that is directly or indirectly laminated on a part or all of the surface area of the base material layer and has a crosslinked fluororesin as the main component. The laminate can be used as a sliding member. Specifically, the laminate can be used as a member that constitutes the inner peripheral surface of a heat-resistant film in a fixing roller, for example, a sliding member used without lubrication. The fixing roller has a heating roller and a cylindrical heat-resistant film that is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the heating roller and slides along the circumferential direction of the heating roller. When the laminate is used for the above-mentioned fixing roller, for example, it is used in a state where a lubricant such as grease is applied to the outer surface of the sliding layer. On the other hand, when the laminate is used as the above-mentioned sliding member used without lubrication, it is used in a state where no lubricant is applied to the outer surface of the sliding layer. Thus, the laminate can be used in a state where a lubricant is applied to the outer surface of the sliding layer, or in a state where no lubricant is applied.

[0040] Figure 1 A laminate showing an embodiment of the present utility model is shown. Figure 1The laminate 10 is formed in a sheet shape as a whole. The laminate 10 has a base material layer 2 and sliding layers 1 laminated on both surfaces of the base material layer 2. The laminate 10 is a three-layer body having a base material layer 2 and two sliding layers 1. In addition, in Figure 1 , the laminate 10 is a flat laminate, but the laminate is not limited to Figure 1 the shape. For example, a sliding layer may be provided on the surface of a cylindrical base material layer. In addition, the sliding layer may be laminated on a part of the surface of the above base material layer. For example, the sliding layer may be laminated on one side of the base material layer, or the sliding layer may be laminated on a part of the surface of the base material layer.

[0041] In the laminate 10, the sliding layer 1 is mainly composed of a crosslinked fluororesin, so it has excellent abrasion resistance. In addition, the sliding layer 1 of the laminate 10 has excellent slidability due to the non-adhesive property of the above fluororesin.

[0042] Furthermore, when used in a state where a lubricant is applied to the outer surface of the sliding layer 1, the slidability of the sliding layer mainly composed of fluororesin is excellent, so the lubricant is not likely to remain on the outer surface. In contrast, free radicals are generated when the fluororesin is crosslinked by irradiation with ionizing radiation described later in the laminate 10. Therefore, in the laminate 10, the compatibility of the lubricant becomes good through the above free radicals. Therefore, the laminate 10 can suppress the friction coefficient between the sliding layer 1 and the sliding object member to a relatively low level and sufficiently improve the slidability.

[0043] (Sliding layer)

[0044] By mainly using a crosslinked fluororesin, the sliding layer 1 can maintain the non-adhesive property of the fluororesin and improve the abrasion resistance.

[0045] Examples of the fluororesin in the crosslinked fluororesin include, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer (ETFE), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), chlorotrifluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer (ECTFE), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), fluorine olefin-vinyl ether copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer. As the above fluororesin, from the viewpoint of further improving the abrasion resistance and heat resistance, it can be PTFE, PFA, FEP, and ETFE. Among these, PFA and PTFE are preferred, and from the viewpoint of further improving the mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and heat resistance, PTFE is more preferred. The above fluororesins can be used alone or in combination of two or more. From the aspect of forming a sliding layer 1 with high abrasion resistance, PTFE can be used alone.

[0046] In addition, the above fluororesin may contain polymerization units derived from other copolymerizable monomers within the range that does not impair the effects of the present utility model. For example, PTFE may contain polymerization units of perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether), hexafluoropropylene, (perfluoroalkyl)ethylene, and chlorotrifluoroethylene. As the upper limit of the content ratio of the above polymerization units derived from other copolymerizable monomers, relative to all the polymerization units constituting the above fluororesin, it is, for example, 3 mol%.

[0047] As the lower limit of the content ratio of the crosslinked fluororesin in the sliding layer 1, it may be 60% by mass, may be 80% by mass, may also be 85% by mass, may further be 98% by mass, and particularly preferably, the above content ratio is 100% by mass. By making the content ratio of the above fluororesin 60% by mass or more, properties such as abrasion resistance and heat resistance can be sufficiently improved.

[0048] The sliding layer 1 may contain any other components. Examples of such optional components include solid lubricants and reinforcing materials. By the sliding layer 1 containing solid lubricants, reinforcing materials, etc., the sliding property can be further improved. Examples of the above solid lubricants include molybdenum disulfide. In addition, examples of the above reinforcing materials include glass fillers such as glass fiber (Glassfiber) and spherical glass, carbon fiber, calcium carbonate, talc, silica, alumina, aluminum hydroxide, and other inorganic fillers.

[0049] As the upper limit of the crystal melting point temperature of the crosslinked fluororesin in the sliding layer 1, its value varies depending on the type of fluororesin. For example, in the case of PTFE, it may be 325°C, may be 320°C, or may also be 310°C. The above crystal melting point temperature decreases as the crosslinking degree of the crosslinked fluororesin increases. Therefore, by making the above crystal melting point temperature below the above upper limit, a decrease in abrasion resistance caused by insufficient crosslinking degree can be suppressed. In addition, as the lower limit of the crystal melting point temperature of the above crosslinked fluororesin, it is, for example, 290°C. By making the above crystal melting point temperature above the above lower limit, a decrease in abrasion resistance caused by a decrease in heat resistance, etc., can be suppressed. In addition, the "crystal melting point" refers to the melting point peak temperature measured by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) according to JIS-K7121:2012 "Test Method for Transition Temperature of Plastics".

[0050] As the upper limit of the coefficient of dynamic friction of the outer surface of the sliding layer 1, it may be 0.09 or may be 0.08. By making the above coefficient of dynamic friction 0.09 or less, the sliding property of the laminate 10 can be improved. As the lower limit of the coefficient of dynamic friction of the outer surface of the sliding layer 1, there is no particular limitation and it may be 0.

[0051] In addition, as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the sliding layer 1 may have a plurality of grooves 3 on the outer surface 9. By having the plurality of grooves 3 on the outer surface 9 of the sliding layer 1 as described above, the contact area between the sliding layer 1 and the sliding object member can be reduced. As the shape of each groove 3, there is no particular limitation, and for example, it may be linear or wavy. In addition, as the arrangement of the plurality of grooves 3, there is no particular limitation, and for example, it may be arranged in a strip shape. Among them, the plurality of grooves 3 may be arranged as a whole in a lattice shape. By arranging the plurality of grooves 3 as a whole in a lattice shape in the laminate 10, the contact area between the sliding layer 1 and the sliding object member can be more easily and reliably reduced by using the plurality of grooves 3 extending in the direction along the sliding direction. In addition, by arranging the plurality of grooves 3 as a whole in a lattice shape, when a lubricant is applied to the outer surface 9 of the sliding layer 1, it is easy for the lubricant to stay in the plurality of grooves 3 that cross the sliding direction at a relatively large angle. Therefore, it is easy to improve the sliding property of the laminate 10. In addition, "lattice shape" includes a shape in which the linear portions constituting the lattice are cut off at one or more positions.

[0052] When the plurality of grooves 3 are arranged as a whole in a lattice shape, as the overall shape of the plurality of grooves 3, it may be a square lattice shape. In addition, in this case, the plurality of grooves 3 extending in one direction may be arranged parallel to the sliding direction. That is, if the laminate 10 is cylindrical, the plurality of grooves 3 extending in one direction may be arranged in the circumferential direction. According to this configuration, the laminate 10 can easily and reliably reduce the contact area between the sliding layer 1 and the sliding object member by the plurality of grooves 3 arranged parallel to the sliding direction, and it is easy for the lubricant to stay in the plurality of grooves 3 arranged perpendicular to the sliding direction.

[0053] As the average width (w) of the plurality of grooves 3, it may be 100 μm or more and 1000 μm or less. When the laminate 10 is used in a state where a lubricant is applied to the outer surface of the sliding layer 1, as the lower limit of the average width (w) of the plurality of grooves 3, it may be 120 μm or 150 μm. On the other hand, when the laminate 10 is used in a state where a lubricant is applied, as the upper limit of the average width (w), it may be 350 μm or 250 μm. By making the average width (w) 100 μm or more, the lubricant can stay sufficiently in each groove 3. On the other hand, by making the average width (w) 1000 μm or less, the effect of promoting the retention of the lubricant can be enhanced, and the wear resistance of the sliding layer 1 can be improved.

[0054] As the lower limit of the average depth (d) of the plurality of grooves 3, it can be 30 μm, 50 μm, or 80 μm. On the other hand, as the upper limit of the average depth (d) of the plurality of grooves 3, for example, it can be appropriately designed according to the size and shape of the meshnetting described later, and can be 500 μm, 400 μm, or 300 μm. By making the average depth (d) above the above lower limit, for example, when the laminate 10 is used in a state coated with a lubricant, the lubricant is easily and sufficiently retained in each groove 3. On the other hand, by making the average depth (d) below the above upper limit, the abrasion resistance of the sliding layer 1 can be sufficiently maintained.

[0055] The depths of the respective grooves 3 may be substantially uniform or non-uniform. For example, the depth of the bottom of each groove 3 may gradually increase from both ends in the width direction toward the center. Even when the depths of the respective grooves 3 are non-uniform, the laminate can sufficiently maintain high sliding properties. On the other hand, in the laminate 10, by the non-uniform depths of the respective grooves 3, a decrease in the strength of the sliding layer 1 caused by the plurality of grooves 3 can be suppressed.

[0056] As the lower limit of the average interval (r) of the plurality of grooves 3, it can be 250 μm, 300 μm, or 400 μm. On the other hand, as the upper limit of the average interval (r) of the plurality of grooves 3, it can be 3000 μm, 2000 μm, or 1000 μm. By making the average interval (r) 250 μm or more, the width of the convex portion formed between adjacent grooves 3 of the sliding layer 1 is sufficient, and damage to the convex portion due to sliding can be suppressed. On the other hand, by making the average interval (r) 3000 μm or less, the contact area between the sliding layer 1 and the sliding object member can be sufficiently reduced, and when the laminate 10 is used in a state coated with a lubricant, the lubricant is sufficiently retained on the outer surface of the sliding layer 1.

[0057] In addition, in the laminate 10, since the sliding layer 1 is mainly composed of a crosslinked fluororesin, although the surface pressure of the convex portion of the outer surface 9 of the sliding layer 1 sometimes becomes high, and thus the fluororesin is slightly worn and fluororesin powder is generated to a certain extent, the sliding property is instead easily improved.

[0058] In addition, it is particularly preferable that the average width (w), average depth (d), and average interval (r) of the plurality of grooves 3 are all within the above ranges. By making the average width (w), average depth (d), and average interval (r) of the plurality of grooves 3 all within the above ranges, the laminate 10 can easily and reliably improve the sliding property of the sliding layer 1.

[0059] As the lower limit of the average pitch (p) between adjacent grooves 3, it may be 400 μm, may be 500 μm, or may be 600 μm. On the other hand, as the upper limit of the average pitch (p), it may be 5900 μm, may be 2500 μm, or may be 1500 μm. By making the average pitch (p) 400 μm or more, the width of the convex portions formed between adjacent grooves 3 of the sliding layer 1 is sufficient, and damage to the convex portions caused by sliding can be suppressed. On the other hand, by making the average pitch (p) 5900 μm or less, the contact area between the sliding layer 1 and the sliding object member can be sufficiently reduced, and when the laminate 10 is used in a state where a lubricant is applied, the lubricant can be sufficiently retained on the outer surface of the sliding layer 1. In addition, the "average pitch" refers to the average interval between the central axes of adjacent grooves 3.

[0060] Some or all of the plurality of grooves 3 may be independent grooves. According to this configuration, it is easy to retain the lubricant in the independent grooves, and thus the slidability can be easily improved. In addition, according to this configuration, a decrease in the strength of the sliding layer 1 caused by the plurality of grooves 3 can be suppressed.

[0061] As the lower limit of the ratio of the number of independent grooves present to the total number of grooves 3 formed on the outer surface 9 of the sliding layer 1, it may be 50%, may be 70%, or may be 90%. By making the ratio the above lower limit or more, the retention effect of the lubricant can be easily and reliably improved.

[0062] In addition, when the plurality of grooves 3 are arranged in a grid pattern as a whole, the plurality of independent grooves may be formed in such a manner that the grooves 3 extending in the crossing direction do not connect to each other. When the grooves 3 extending in the crossing direction connect to each other, the lubricant is excessively retained in the connecting portion, and the lubricant tends to be concentrated in the connecting portion. In contrast, when the grooves 3 extending in the crossing direction do not connect to each other, the lubricant can be spread over the outer surface 9 of the sliding layer 1, and thus the overall slidability can be easily improved.

[0063] As Figure 4 shown, the outer surface 9 of the portion of the sliding layer 1 surrounded by the plurality of grooves 3 may be formed in a dome shape. By forming the outer surface 9 of the sliding layer 1 in a dome shape, the contact area between the sliding layer 1 and the sliding object member can be further reduced. In addition, according to this configuration, as Figure 4 shown, it is easy to spread the lubricant X over the curved surface portion of the dome-shaped portion 4, and thus it is easy to improve the effect of improving the slidability caused by the lubricant X. The above "outer surface 9 is dome-shaped" means that the outer surface 9 in the cross-section in the thickness direction is bent outward as a whole in an arcuate shape, including a shape in which a part of the outer surface 9 has irregularities.

[0064] As the lower limit of the average thickness of the sliding layer 1, it can be 30 μm or 100 μm. On the other hand, as the upper limit of the average thickness of the sliding layer 1, it can be 1000 μm or 800 μm. By making the above average thickness 30 μm or more, the strength of the sliding layer 1 can be made good, and the depths of the plurality of grooves 3 can be made sufficiently deep. On the other hand, by making the above average thickness 1000 μm or less, useless thickening can be suppressed. In addition, the "average thickness of the sliding layer" means the average value of the thicknesses at any 10 places where the grooves 3 are not formed.

[0065] (Base material layer)

[0066] The base material layer 2 is composed of a glass cloth impregnated with a fluororesin. The "glass cloth impregnated with a fluororesin" is a material in which a resin material is impregnated in a glass cloth, and the glass cloth is woven from glass yarns in two orthogonal directions as glass fiber bundles.

[0067] As the lower limit of the average thickness of the base material layer 2, it can be 50 μm or 70 μm. By making the above average thickness 50 μm or more, the strength of the base material layer 2 can be made good, and the shape of the base material layer 2 can be easily maintained. On the other hand, as the upper limit of the average thickness of the base material layer 2, it can be 150 μm or 120 μm. By making the above average thickness 150 μm or less, useless thickening can be suppressed.

[0068] As the weaving method of the above glass cloth, known weaving methods such as plain weave, twill weave, and satin weave can be applied, and from the viewpoint of making the base material layer 2 thinner, it can be plain weave.

[0069] As the upper limit of the density of the glass fiber of the above glass cloth, it can be 5 g / m 3 , or it can be 3 g / m 3 . On the other hand, as the lower limit of the above density, it can be 1 g / m 3 , or it can be 2 g / m 3 . Here, the "density of the glass cloth" means the value measured according to JIS-R3420(2013).

[0070] As the upper limit of the tensile strength of the glass fiber of the above glass cloth, it can be 10 GPa or 5 GPa. On the other hand, as the lower limit of the above tensile strength, it can be 1 GPa or 2 GPa. Here, the "tensile strength of the glass fiber" means the value measured according to JIS-R3420(2013).

[0071] As the upper limit of the tensile elastic modulus of the glass fiber of the above glass cloth, it can be 200 GPa or 100 GPa. On the other hand, as the lower limit of the above tensile elastic modulus, it can be 10 GPa or 50 GPa. Here, the "tensile elastic modulus" refers to the complex elastic modulus representing the relationship between tensile stress and strain, and is a value measured by a tensile testing machine.

[0072] As the upper limit of the maximum elongation of the glass fiber of the above glass cloth, it can be 20% or 10%. On the other hand, as the lower limit of the above maximum elongation, it can be 1% or 3%. Here, the "maximum elongation" refers to a value calculated based on the elongation at the time of tensile fracture of the glass fiber.

[0073] As the upper limit of the softening point of the glass fiber of the above glass cloth, it can be 1200 °C or 1000 °C. On the other hand, as the lower limit of the above softening point, it can be 700 °C or 800 °C. The above softening point refers to the softening point measured by the ring and ball method specified in JIS-K-7234 (1986). Here, the "softening point of the glass fiber" refers to the value measured according to JIS-R3420 (2013).

[0074] The resin impregnated in the above fluororesin-impregnated glass cloth can be polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer or a combination thereof. The resin impregnated in the above fluororesin-impregnated glass cloth is polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer or a combination thereof, whereby the durability and heat resistance of the substrate layer 2 can be improved.

[0075] (Manufacturing method of the laminate of the first embodiment)

[0076] Next, the manufacturing method of this laminate will be described. The manufacturing method of this laminate includes: for a sheet mainly composed of a fluororesin, a step of irradiating ionizing radiation at a temperature above the crystal melting point of the above fluororesin in a low-oxygen environment; and a step of laminating the above sheet on both sides of the substrate layer. Furthermore, the manufacturing method of this laminate may also include: a step of forming a plurality of grooves on the outer surface of the sheet after the above irradiation step. In addition, the step of laminating the above sheet can be performed before the above irradiation step, between the above irradiation step and the step of forming grooves, or after the above step of forming grooves.

[0077] In the following manufacturing process, the step of laminating the above sheet after the above irradiation step will be described.

[0078] <Irradiation step>

[0079] In the irradiation step, the fluororesin contained in the above-mentioned sheet is crosslinked. Thereby, the mechanical properties, abrasion resistance, adhesion to the base material layer 2, etc. of the above-mentioned sheet are improved.

[0080] In the above-mentioned irradiation step, the above-mentioned sheet is heated to a temperature above the crystal melting point of the fluororesin. Regarding the specific heating temperature in the above-mentioned irradiation step, for example, when the above-mentioned fluororesin is FEP (crystal melting point temperature: 270 °C), it is 270 °C or higher; when the above-mentioned fluororesin is PTFE (crystal melting point temperature: 327 °C), it is 327 °C or higher; when the above-mentioned fluororesin is PFA (crystal melting point temperature: 304 °C or higher and 310 °C or lower), it is 310 °C or higher; when the above-mentioned fluororesin is ETFE (crystal melting point temperature: 270 °C), it is 270 °C or higher. As the lower limit of the above-mentioned heating temperature, it can be a temperature 5 °C higher than the crystal melting point temperature. On the other hand, as the upper limit of the above-mentioned heating temperature, it can be a temperature 50 °C higher than the crystal melting point temperature, or it can be a temperature 20 °C higher than the crystal melting point temperature. By irradiating ionizing radiation under the above conditions, the breakage of the main chain of the above-mentioned fluororesin can be suppressed, and intermolecular crosslinking can be promoted. In addition, the formation of chemical bonds between the above-mentioned fluororesin and the base material layer 2 can also be promoted.

[0081] As the upper limit of the oxygen concentration in the above-mentioned irradiation step, it can be 100 ppm, or it can be 10 ppm, or it can also be 5 ppm. By making the above-mentioned oxygen concentration below the above-mentioned upper limit, the decomposition of the above-mentioned fluororesin and the oxidation of the base material layer 2 can be suppressed.

[0082] As the above-mentioned ionizing radiation, for example, γ-rays, electron beams, X-rays, neutron rays, high-energy ion rays can be cited. In addition, as the lower limit of the irradiation dose of the ionizing radiation, it can be 10 kGy, or it can be 70 kGy, or it can also be 200 kGy. On the other hand, as the upper limit of the above-mentioned irradiation dose, it can be 2000 kGy, or it can be 1200 kGy, or it can also be 400 kGy. By making the above-mentioned irradiation dose above the above-mentioned lower limit, the crosslinking reaction of the fluororesin can proceed sufficiently. On the other hand, by making the above-mentioned irradiation dose below the above-mentioned upper limit, the breakage of the main chain of the fluororesin can be suppressed.

[0083] <Step of laminating the sheet>

[0084] In the step of laminating the sheet, after the sheet mainly composed of fluororesin is crosslinked by the irradiation step, the sheet is laminated on both sides of the base material layer. As the method of laminating the sheet on the base material layer, there is no particular limitation, and for example, a method of thermocompression bonding the above-mentioned sheet and the base material layer can be cited.

[0085] Before the above-described process of the laminated sheet, the surface of the substrate layer on which the above-described sheet is laminated can be surface-treated. Examples of the above-described surface treatment include roughening by plasma treatment, sandblasting, etching, electrolytic polishing, etc.

[0086] As a method for manufacturing the above-described substrate layer, i.e., a fluororesin-impregnated glass cloth, it includes: a process of impregnating the interior of, for example, a glass cloth with a composition mainly composed of a fluororesin; and a process of heating the impregnated above-described composition.

[0087] In the above-described impregnation process, as a method for impregnating the interior of a glass cloth with a composition mainly composed of a fluororesin, examples include a method of coating the above-described composition on the surface of the glass cloth, a method of immersing the glass cloth in the above-described composition, etc.

[0088] In the above-described heating process, the impregnated above-described composition is heated. The heating process is equivalent to a firing process for drying and curing the impregnated above-described composition. As the lower limit of the temperature of the heating process, it is preferably 150°C, more preferably 200°C. On the other hand, as the upper limit of the temperature of the heating process, it is preferably 600°C, more preferably 500°C.

[0089] <Process of forming grooves>

[0090] In the above-described process of forming grooves, a plurality of grooves are formed on the outer surface of the above-described sheet. Through this process of forming grooves, the above-described sheet becomes a sliding layer having a plurality of grooves on the outer surface. As a method for forming a plurality of grooves on the outer surface of the above-described sheet, there is no particular limitation, and it can be a hot pressing method. Specifically, in the above-described process of forming grooves, in a state of being heated to a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the fluororesin, preferably in a state of heating the above-described sheet to a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the fluororesin, a mold having an inverted shape of the groove shape or a mesh is pressed against the outer surface of the above-described sheet. In the above-described process of forming grooves, by adjusting the surface shape of the above-described mold and mesh, the shape of the outer surface of the obtained sliding layer can be adjusted. In the above-described process of forming grooves, the average width, average depth, and average spacing between adjacent grooves of the obtained plurality of grooves can be adjusted to the above range. As the pressing temperature in the above-described process of forming grooves, depending on the glass transition temperature of the fluororesin, it can be, for example, 200°C or higher and 300°C or lower. As the pressing time in the above-described process of forming grooves, it can be, for example, 10 minutes or longer and 60 minutes or shorter. As the pressing pressure in the above-described process of forming grooves, it can be set to, for example, 10 kg / cm 2 above and 30 kg / cm 2 below.

[0091] In addition, in the above-described step of forming the grooves, the average width of the plurality of grooves can be 100 μm or more and 1000 μm or less, the average depth can be 30 μm or more and 500 μm or less, and the average interval can be 250 μm or more and 3000 μm or less. In addition, a part or all of the plurality of grooves can be independent grooves, and the plurality of grooves can extend in the crossing direction and be arranged in a lattice pattern as a whole.

[0092] The laminate according to the first embodiment is excellent in slidability and abrasion resistance.

[0093] [Second Embodiment]

[0094] The laminate of the second embodiment further has an adhesive layer directly laminated between the surface of the base material layer of the laminate of the first embodiment and the surface of the sliding layer.

[0095] Figure 5 FIG. is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the laminate 20 of the second embodiment. Figure 5 This laminate 20 has a base material layer 2, an adhesive layer 5 laminated on both surfaces of the base material layer 2, and a sliding layer 1 laminated on the surface of the adhesive layer 5. This laminate 20 is a five-layer body having a base material layer 2, two sliding layers 1, and two adhesive layers 5. In addition, the base material layer 2 and the sliding layer 1 are the same as those in the first embodiment, so the same reference numerals are given and the description is omitted.

[0096] (Adhesive layer) Regarding the main component of the adhesive layer 5, a fluororesin similar to the forming material of the sliding layer 1 can be cited. As the fluororesin, for example, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer (ETFE), or a combination thereof can be cited. By using tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer, or a combination thereof as the main component of the adhesive layer 5, the adhesiveness and heat resistance of the adhesive layer 5 can be made better.

[0097] As the lower limit of the content of the fluororesin in the adhesive layer 5, it can be 60% by mass, 80% by mass, 90% by mass, or 100% by mass.

[0098] As the lower limit of the average thickness of the adhesive layer 5, it can be 0.1 μm or 1 μm. On the other hand, as the upper limit of the average thickness of the adhesive layer 5, it can be 20 μm or 10 μm. By making the average thickness of the adhesive layer 5 0.1 μm or more, the adhesive strength between the base material layer 2 and the sliding layer 1 via the adhesive layer 5 can be sufficiently improved. On the other hand, by making the average thickness of the adhesive layer 5 20 μm or less, an unnecessary increase in the size of this laminate 20 can be suppressed.

[0099] (Manufacturing Method of the Laminate of the Second Embodiment)

[0100] The manufacturing method of the laminate of the second embodiment includes: for example, a step of laminating an adhesive layer on both surfaces of a substrate layer; a step of irradiating ionizing radiation on a sheet mainly composed of a fluororesin at a temperature above the crystal melting point of the fluororesin in a low-oxygen environment; and a step of laminating the sheet on the surface of the adhesive layer. Further, the manufacturing method of the laminate may also include: a step of forming a plurality of grooves on the outer surface of the sheet after the irradiation step. Instead of particularly setting a step of laminating an adhesive layer on both surfaces of the substrate layer, the lamination of the sheet mainly composed of a fluororesin and the lamination of the adhesive layer may be performed simultaneously. In addition, the above lamination step may be performed before the irradiation step, may be performed between the irradiation step and the groove-forming step, or may be performed after the groove-forming step.

[0101] (Step of Laminating the Adhesive Layer)

[0102] In the step of laminating the adhesive layer, the adhesive layer is laminated on both surfaces of the substrate layer. The method of laminating the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, and it can be laminated by coating a composition mainly composed of a fluororesin as the adhesive layer on both surfaces of the substrate layer by a known coating method.

[0103] (Step of Laminating the Sheet)

[0104] In the step of laminating the sheet, the sheet that becomes the sliding layer is laminated on the surface of the adhesive layer. As a method of laminating the sheet on the surface of the adhesive layer, there is no particular limitation, and for example, a method of thermocompression bonding the sheet to the adhesive layer can be cited. In addition, before the step of laminating the sheet that becomes the sliding layer, the bonding surface of the sheet with the adhesive layer can be roughened by, for example, plasma treatment, sandblasting treatment, etching treatment, electrolytic polishing treatment, etc.

[0105] (Irradiation Step)

[0106] In the above irradiation step, the fluororesin contained in the sheet is crosslinked. The irradiation step is the same as the irradiation step described in the manufacturing method of the laminate of the first embodiment, so the description is omitted.

[0107] (Step of Forming Grooves)

[0108] In the above step of forming grooves, a plurality of grooves are formed on the outer surface of the sheet. The step of forming grooves is the same as the step of forming grooves described in the manufacturing method of the laminate of the first embodiment, so the description is omitted.

[0109] The laminate according to the second embodiment has excellent slidability and abrasion resistance, and can further improve the adhesion between the base material layer and the sliding layer.

[0110] [Other Embodiments]

[0111] The embodiments disclosed herein should be considered illustrative in all respects and not restrictive. The scope of the present utility model is not limited to the configurations of the above embodiments, but is represented by the scope of the claims of the utility model application, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of the claims of the utility model application.

[0112] In the above embodiment, the sliding layer has a plurality of grooves on the outer surface that extend in the crossing direction and are arranged in a lattice pattern as a whole. However, the shape of the outer surface of the sliding layer is not limited thereto. For example, the sliding layer may have a plurality of recesses on the outer surface that are the same shape in plan view, and the plurality of recesses may be arranged in multiple columns on the outer surface and arranged at equal intervals in each column. By providing the sliding layer with a plurality of recesses that are the same shape in plan view, and arranging the plurality of recesses in multiple columns on the outer surface and at equal intervals in each column, the contact area between the sliding layer and the sliding object member can be reduced, and since it becomes easier for the lubricant to stay in the plurality of recesses, the slidability can be further improved.

[0113] Regarding the shape of the plurality of recesses formed on the outer surface of the sliding layer, the shape of the recesses is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a square, a rectangle, a parallelogram (rhombus), a trapezoid, a polygon (triangle, hexagon, etc.), a circle, or an ellipse.

[0114] The average maximum diameter of the plurality of recesses in the column direction in plan view may be 100 μm or more and 1000 μm or less, the average interval of the plurality of recesses in the column direction in plan view may be 250 μm or more and 3000 μm or less, and the average depth of the plurality of recesses may be 30 μm or more and 500 μm or less. By making the average maximum diameter of the plurality of recesses in the column direction in plan view, the average interval of the plurality of recesses in the column direction in plan view, and the average depth of the plurality of recesses within the above ranges, the contact area between the sliding layer and the sliding object member can be further reduced, and it becomes easier for the lubricant to stay in the plurality of recesses, so the slidability can be further improved.

[0115] As the lower limit of the average interval in the row direction perpendicular to the column direction when the plurality of recesses are viewed from above, it can be 50 μm or 100 μm. As the upper limit of the average interval in the row direction when the plurality of recesses are viewed from above, it can be 1000 μm or 500 μm. By making the average interval in the row direction of the plurality of recesses within the above range when viewed from above, the surface pressure applied to the outer surface of the sliding layer can be uniformly maintained. The "average interval in the row direction of the recesses when viewed from above" refers to the average value of the values obtained by removing five largest intervals and five smallest intervals from 20 intervals adjacent to each other in any same row among the plurality of recesses when viewed from above.

[0116] Figure 6 It is a schematic plan view showing a modified example of the sliding layer. As Figure 6 shown, a plurality of recesses 13 in a diamond shape when viewed from above are formed on the outer surface 15 of the sliding layer 11. The plurality of diamond-shaped recesses 13 are arranged in multiple columns on the outer surface 15 and are arranged at equal intervals in each column.

[0117] Figure 7 It is a schematic plan view showing another modified example of the sliding layer. As Figure 7 shown, a honeycomb structure having a plurality of recesses 17 in a regular hexagon shape when viewed from above is provided on the outer surface 18 of the sliding layer 16. The plurality of regular hexagon-shaped recesses 17 are arranged in multiple columns on the outer surface 18 and are arranged at equal intervals in each column.

[0118] The plurality of recesses having the same shape when viewed from above in the outer surface of the sliding layer can be formed by applying pressure to the outer surface of the sheet mainly composed of fluororesin with a mold after heating the sheet.

[0119] Regarding this laminate, as long as the sliding layer forms the outermost layer, it may also be a multi-layer body further having other layers in addition to the sliding layer and the base material layer.

[0120] Examples

[0121] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0122] <Laminate Nos. 1 to 7>

[0123] [Production of base material layer]

[0124] In accordance with the following steps, a plain woven fluororesin-impregnated glass cloth having an average thickness of the base material layer of 80 μm was produced. The above-mentioned fluororesin-impregnated glass cloth was obtained by using a glass cloth with an average thickness of 55 μm and a grammage (FAW) of 47 g / m 2It is made by repeatedly impregnating, lifting, drying, and sintering a plain-woven glass cloth with 60 warp yarns per 25 mm and 46 weft yarns per 25 mm in a fluororesin dispersion liquid.

[0125] [Fabrication of the sliding layer]

[0126] A crosslinked fluororesin sheet serving as the sliding layer was fabricated according to the following steps.

[0127] First, a sheet with an average thickness of 100 μm composed of the fluororesin of the crosslinked fluororesin sheet described in Table 1 was obtained. Next, in a continuous heating and irradiation furnace, this fluororesin sheet was heated to 340 °C in a low-oxygen environment with an oxygen concentration of 5 ppm or less, and an electron beam was irradiated using an electron beam acceleration device manufactured by NHV Corporation. The irradiation conditions were set as an acceleration voltage of 500 kV and an irradiation dose of 300 kGy. Thus, a crosslinked fluororesin sheet for the sliding layer with an average thickness of 100 μm was obtained.

[0128] [Fabrication of the laminate]

[0129] Under the conditions of a roll temperature of 350 °C and a roll gap pressure of 0.5 MPa, the crosslinked fluororesin sheets of No. 1 to No. 7 were laminated on both sides of a base material layer composed of the obtained fluororesin-impregnated glass cloths of No. 1 to No. 7 by thermocompression bonding. In addition, for No. 2 and No. 5, an adhesive layer with an average thickness of 25 μm composed of PFA described in Table 1 was disposed between the surface of the base material layer composed of the fluororesin-impregnated glass cloth and the surface of the crosslinked fluororesin sheet. Then, under the conditions of a roll temperature of 350 °C and a roll gap pressure of 0.5 MPa, the base material layer, the adhesive layer, and the crosslinked fluororesin sheet were thermocompression bonded simultaneously, thereby laminating five layers simultaneously.

[0130] [Evaluation]

[0131] The obtained laminates of No. 1 to No. 7 were evaluated for the limiting PV and the interfacial peeling force. The evaluation results of the laminates of No. 1 to No. 7 are shown in Table 1.

[0132] (Limiting PV)

[0133] The limiting PV was measured according to the following steps to evaluate the abrasion resistance of the laminates of No. 1 to No. 7. The conditions were set as follows: in the low-viscosity oil coating, the pressure was maintained at a fixed value of 0.2 MPa and the speed was increased.

[0134] (Measurement method)

[0135] The measurement was carried out according to Method A (ring-disk thrust friction test) of JIS-K7218:1986 under the following conditions.

[0136] Material of the annular object: S45C

[0137] Ring size: Outer diameter 25.6 mm, inner diameter 20 mm

[0138] Arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the annular object material: 0.28 μm

[0139] Test device: "EFM-III 1010" manufactured by A&D Company, Limited

[0140] Pressure: 0.2 MPa (fixed)

[0141] Speeds: 10 m / min, 15 m / min, 24 m / min, 38 m / min, 62 m / min, 96 m / min

[0142] (Interface peeling force)

[0143] The interface peeling force was measured according to the following steps to evaluate the adhesion between the base material layer and the sliding layer in the laminates of No.1 to No.7.

[0144] The interface peeling force was measured according to JIS-K6854-2 (180-degree peeling test) under the following conditions.

[0145] Test device: "UTC-5T" manufactured by A&D Company, Limited

[0146] Test environment: 23°C ± 2°C, 50% RH ± 10% RH

[0147] Shape of the test piece: Width 25 mm

[0148] [Table 1]

[0149]

[0150] As shown in Table 1, the limiting PV and interface peeling force of the laminates of No.1 to No.7, which have a base material layer composed of a fluororesin-impregnated glass cloth and a sliding layer mainly composed of a crosslinked fluororesin directly or indirectly laminated on both sides of the above base material layer, are good.

[0151] [Sliding pieces No.8 - No.12]

[0152] On the outer surface of the sliding piece No.1, grooves were formed using a mesh with the dimensions described in Table 2 Figure 3 described in

[0153] [Evaluation]

[0154] For the obtained sliding pieces No.8 - No.12, the coefficient of dynamic friction was evaluated. The evaluation results of the sliding pieces No.8 - No.12 are shown in Table 2.

[0155] (Coefficient of kinetic friction)

[0156] The coefficient of kinetic friction is measured by the reaction torque generated on the cylinder as the annular target material during the measurement of the above-mentioned limiting PV. The coefficient of kinetic friction is the average value when the speed is from 50 mm / min to 750 mm / min.

[0157] [Table 2]

[0158]

[0159] As shown in Table 2, the coefficient of kinetic friction of the sliding pieces No.8 to No.12 having multiple grooves on the outer surface becomes smaller, and good results can be obtained.

[0160] As described above, the laminate of the present utility model has excellent sliding properties and abrasion resistance, and thus can be preferably used for bearings, engine piston skirts, pump sliding parts, sliding gaskets, sliding plates for OA equipment, etc.

[0161] Explanation of reference numerals

[0162] 1, 11, 16: Sliding layer;

[0163] 2: Substrate layer;

[0164] 3: Groove;

[0165] 4: Dome-shaped part;

[0166] 5: Adhesive layer;

[0167] 9, 15, 18: Outer surface of the sliding layer;

[0168] 10, 20: Laminate;

[0169] 13, 17: Recess;

[0170] X: Lubricant;

[0171] w: Width;

[0172] d: Depth;

[0173] r: Spacing;

[0174] p: Pitch.

Claims

1. A laminated body, characterized in that: It has: substrate layer; as well as a sliding layer directly or indirectly laminated on a part or all of the surface of the base layer and containing a cross-linked fluororesin as a main component, The base material layer is composed of fluororesin impregnated glass cloth. The sliding layer has a plurality of grooves on the outer surface. The plurality of grooves have an average width of 100 μm to 1000 μm, an average depth of 30 μm to 500 μm, and an average interval of 250 μm to 3000 μm. Some or all of the plurality of grooves are independent grooves, and the plurality of grooves extend in a cross direction and are arranged in a lattice shape as a whole.

2. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein The laminate further comprises: An adhesive layer is directly laminated between the surface of the base material layer and the surface of the sliding layer.

3. The laminate according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein: The average thickness of the base material layer is 50 μm or more and 150 μm or less.

4. The laminate according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein: The sliding layer has an average thickness of 30 μm or more and 1000 μm or less.

5. The laminate according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein: The structure of the glass cloth in the fluororesin-impregnated glass cloth is plain weave.

6. A laminated body, characterized in that: It has: substrate layer; as well as a sliding layer directly or indirectly laminated on a part or all of the surface of the base layer and containing a cross-linked fluororesin as a main component, The base material layer is composed of fluororesin impregnated glass cloth. The sliding layer has a plurality of recessed portions on the outer surface that have the same shape when viewed from above. The plurality of recesses are arranged in a plurality of rows on the outer surface and are arranged at equal intervals in each row. The plurality of recesses have an average maximum diameter in the row direction of 100 μm or more and 1000 μm or less in a plan view. The average interval between the plurality of recesses in the row direction in a plan view is 250 μm or more and 3000 μm or less. An average depth of the plurality of recesses is greater than or equal to 30 μm and less than or equal to 500 μm.

7. The laminate according to claim 6, wherein: The laminate further comprises: An adhesive layer is directly laminated between the surface of the base material layer and the surface of the sliding layer.

8. The laminate according to claim 6 or claim 7, wherein: The average thickness of the base material layer is 50 μm or more and 150 μm or less.

9. The laminate according to claim 6 or claim 7, characterized in that The sliding layer has an average thickness of 30 μm or more and 1000 μm or less.

10. The laminate according to claim 6 or claim 7, wherein: The structure of the glass cloth in the fluororesin-impregnated glass cloth is plain weave.

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