Circuit structure of charging trolley

Abstract

The utility model discloses a circuit structure of a charging trolley, which is characterized by comprising a battery, a connecting port, a charging controller and a battery manager, an energy supplementing circuit and a charging circuit are arranged between the battery and the connecting port, in the charging circuit, a voltage converter is arranged between the battery and the connecting port, in the energy supplementing circuit, a first switch is arranged between the battery and the connecting port, and the battery manager is electrically connected with the first switch; a first single-pole double-throw relay is arranged between the battery manager and the charging controller, a first terminal of the first single-pole double-throw relay is connected with the charging controller, and a second terminal of the first single-pole double-throw relay is connected with the battery manager. And a common terminal of the first single-pole double-throw relay is connected with the connecting port. According to the circuit structure of the charging trolley, a single interface can be connected with a charger and equipment to be charged, the cost is reduced, and the operation is simplified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of charging carts for new energy vehicles, and specifically to a circuit structure of a charging cart. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the number of new energy vehicles has been increasing, which has put higher requirements on the charging conditions of new energy vehicles. Therefore, charging carts came into being.

[0003] However, the existing charging carts have a complex structure and high design and manufacturing costs, which significantly restricts the development and popularization of new energy vehicles. In addition, the existing charging carts usually have separate charging circuits and energy replenishment circuits. When replenishing the energy of the charging cart, it is necessary to connect the gun body of the charging pile to the energy replenishment interface of the charging cart. When the charging cart is charging a new energy vehicle, it is necessary to connect the charging gun of the charging cart to the charging interface of the new energy vehicle. During the above operations, interface connection errors are often prone to occur, leading to serious safety accidents. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of charging cart that is simple and convenient to operate, thereby promoting the healthy development of new energy vehicles. Utility Model Content

[0004] The present application provides a circuit structure for a charging cart. The circuit structure of this solution can reduce the manufacturing cost of the charging cart, has a simple structure, and is easy to operate.

[0005] The circuit structure for charging a small vehicle provided in this application includes a battery and a connection port, a charging controller, and a battery manager;

[0006] An energy replenishment circuit and a charging circuit are provided between the battery and the connection port, the energy replenishment circuit is used to store electrical energy in the battery, and the charging circuit is used to transmit the electrical energy stored in the battery to the device to be charged;

[0007] In the charging circuit, a voltage converter is provided between the battery and the connection port, and the voltage converter is used to convert the voltage in the battery into the voltage required by the device to be charged. The charging controller is electrically connected to the voltage converter and is used to regulate the voltage output by the voltage converter;

[0008] In the energy replenishment circuit, a first switch is provided between the battery and the connection port, and the battery manager is electrically connected to the first switch and is used to control the on and off of the first switch to control the connection or disconnection of the energy replenishment circuit;

[0009] A first single-pole double-throw relay is provided between the battery manager and the charging controller, wherein a first terminal of the first single-pole double-throw relay is connected to the charging controller, a second terminal of the first single-pole double-throw relay is connected to the battery manager, and a common terminal of the first single-pole double-throw relay is connected to the connection port;

[0010] The connection port is used to connect to an external device and determine whether the external device is a device to be charged or a charger, and determine the state of the circuit structure according to the type of the external device. When the external device is a device to be charged, the circuit structure corresponds to a discharge state, and when the external device is a charger, the circuit structure corresponds to a charging state.

[0011] The charging controller is used to control the switch of the first single-pole double-throw relay to close to the first terminal or the second terminal according to the circuit state returned by the connection port.

[0012] Optionally, when the switch of the first single-pole double-throw relay is closed to the first terminal, the connection port transmits the charging requirement information of the device to be charged to the charging controller through the first communication line; when the switch of the first single-pole double-throw relay is closed to the second terminal, the battery manager transmits the battery's energy replenishment requirement information to the connection port through the second communication line.

[0013] Optionally, the internal power supply of the battery manager is connected in series with two resistors and then grounded, a second switch is provided between the two resistors, and the voltage value between the two resistors changes according to the closing and opening of the second switch, and the voltage value is used by the charging cart to determine whether the connection port is connected to the charger.

[0014] Optionally, a discharge positive relay is further provided between the positive pole of the battery and the positive pole of the voltage converter, and a shunt circuit is connected in parallel to the discharge positive relay. A pre-charge relay and a pre-charge resistor are provided in series on the shunt circuit. When the circuit structure is in a discharge state, the charging controller controls the pre-charge relay to close so as to shunt the current flowing through the discharge positive relay through the pre-charge resistor.

[0015] Optionally, the battery manager is connected to the positive input electrode and the negative input electrode of the voltage converter for performing discharge adhesion detection;

[0016] The first switch includes a positive charging relay, and the battery manager is connected between the positive charging relay and the connection port, and is used to perform charging sticking detection on the positive charging relay.

[0017] Optionally, one end of the coil of the first single-pole double-throw relay is grounded, and the other end is connected to the positive power pin of the charging controller. When the circuit structure state returned by the connection port is a discharge state, the internal power supply of the charging controller generates current to close the switch of the first single-pole double-throw relay to the second terminal, and the current provided by the power supply of the connection port flows through the first single-pole double-throw relay to the circuit where the second switch is located.

[0018] Optionally, a diode is provided at the positive power pin of the battery manager, the cathode of the diode is connected to the positive power pin of the battery manager, and the anode of the diode is connected to the second terminal of the first switch, and the diode is used to prevent current from the positive power pin of the battery manager from flowing to the current of the connection port;

[0019] The diode is connected in series with the second coil and then connected to the positive power supply pin of the connection port. The second coil is used to control the closing and opening of the second switch through the magnetic field generated by the current flowing therethrough, so as to determine whether the connection port is connected to the charger.

[0020] Optionally, a third coil is connected in parallel to the second coil, and a third switch is provided on the second communication line. The third coil is used to control whether the third switch is connected to one end of the second communication line through a magnetic field generated by the current flowing therethrough. When the third switch is closed to one end of the second communication line, the second communication line is connected between the battery manager and the connection port to transmit the battery's energy replenishment requirement information to the connection port through the second communication line.

[0021] Optionally, in the charging circuit, a discharge output relay is provided between the voltage converter and the connection port, a discharge negative relay is further provided between the battery and the voltage converter, and a charge negative relay is further provided between the battery and the connection port; the discharge negative relay and the charge negative relay are electrically connected to the battery manager;

[0022] When the connection port returns to the energy replenishment state, the battery manager controls the charging positive relay and the charging negative relay to close, so that the energy replenishment circuit is turned on to perform the energy replenishment task;

[0023] When the connection port returns to the discharge state, the battery manager controls the discharge positive relay and the discharge negative relay to close, and the charge controller controls the discharge output relay to close, so that the charging circuit is turned on to perform the charging task for the vehicle to be charged.

[0024] Optionally, the charging circuit further includes a heating relay;

[0025] The switch ends of the heating relay are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery to be connected in series with the heating film inside the battery;

[0026] The coil of the heating relay is controlled by the battery manager. When the switch of the heating relay is closed, the heating relay generates heat using the current output by the battery to heat the charging circuit.

[0027] Optionally, the charging circuit further includes a first shunt;

[0028] The first shunt is provided between the output negative relay and the negative electrode of the connection port;

[0029] When current flows through the first shunt, the current flowing out of the voltage converter is measured using a voltage drop generated by the current.

[0030] Optionally, a fuse is provided on the positive output line of the battery. When the current flowing through the fuse exceeds a threshold value, the fuse is blown and the circuit on the positive output line is disconnected.

[0031] Optionally, a second shunt is provided on the negative output line of the battery, and the second shunt measures the current output by the battery.

[0032] Optionally, the detection pin of the connection port is connected to ground via a resistor in series;

[0033] A normally closed switch is provided between the resistor and the ground line, and the normally closed switch is used to enable the detection pin of the connection port to determine whether it is currently in a discharge state or a charging state, and synchronize the discharge state or the charging state to the charging controller.

[0034] Optionally, at the moment the connection port is connected to the charger, the normally closed switch is disconnected, and the energy replenishment voltage is a first voltage value;

[0035] The connection port is connected to the charger, the normally closed switch is closed, and the energy replenishment voltage is the second voltage value;

[0036] At the moment the connection port is connected to the device to be charged, the normally closed switch is disconnected, and the discharge voltage is a third voltage value;

[0037] The connection port is connected to the device to be charged, the normally closed switch is closed, and the discharge voltage is a fourth voltage value;

[0038] The connection port is determined to be in an energy replenishment state by the energy replenishment voltage changing from a first voltage value to a second voltage value;

[0039] The connection port is determined to be in a discharging state when the discharge voltage changes from a third voltage value to a fourth voltage value.

[0040] The present application further provides a circuit control method, including any of the above-mentioned circuit structures, comprising: when a connection port is connected to a charger, obtaining a charging voltage at a detection pin of the connection port, determining that the connection port is in a charging state based on the charging voltage, and transmitting the charging state information to a battery manager via a first communication bus, so that the charging controller executes a charging process;

[0041] When the connection port is connected to the device to be charged, the detection pin of the connection port obtains a discharge voltage, and determines that the connection port is in a discharge state based on the discharge voltage, and sends the discharge state information to the charging controller through the second communication bus, so that the charging controller executes the charging process.

[0042] The present application also provides a charging cart, comprising any one of the above-mentioned circuit structures, wherein the gun body of the charging cart is connected to the circuit structure through a connection port.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages:

[0044] The circuit structure for a charging cart provided in this application integrates the charging circuit and the energy replenishment circuit between the battery and the connection port into a single space and leads out through a single connection port. Simultaneously, the charging controller and battery manager determine and switch the corresponding control circuits based on the connection status of the connection port, thereby controlling the on / off switching of the charging circuit and the energy replenishment circuit. By applying this circuit structure, the technical effect of providing both a charging interface and an energy replenishment interface on a single connection port is achieved, breaking the limitation of the prior art that only one interface can be charged while the other is discharged. This significantly reduces the hardware quantity of the charging device, thereby lowering the manufacturing cost of the charging device. By identifying the connection port and coordinating the control of the controller, the user no longer needs to select a connection interface, making the user's use process simple and convenient, thus promoting the popularization and service improvement of new energy vehicles.

[0045] The circuit structure provided by the present application integrates the battery manager and the charging controller at the same connection port. The connection port can generate a judgment on the energy replenishment state or the discharge state. Since the connection port is connected to the battery manager and the charging controller via a first communication line and a second communication line, the state can be fed back to the energy replenishment controller and the charging controller, so that the energy replenishment controller and the charging controller control the execution of the energy replenishment task or the charging task. Since this solution integrates the battery manager and the charging controller into the same connection port, the energy replenishment or discharge process can be realized through the connection port, thereby reducing the production cost of the charging cart. In addition, during the user's use, energy replenishment or discharge can be achieved through only one connection port. Therefore, this solution also improves the use efficiency of the charging cart.

[0046] The circuit control method provided in this application allows the connection port to automatically determine whether the current state is a charging state or a discharging state by automatically determining the voltage after the connection port is connected to an external device, and then control the corresponding circuit to implement the charging or discharging process. Therefore, during use, the user does not need to select the charging port when charging, but only selects the charging port when charging the device to be charged. In other words, simply connecting the connection port to the external device will automatically determine and perform the corresponding charging or discharging process, improving the user experience.

[0047] The charging cart provided in this application includes a gun body and a circuit structure. The circuit structure is designed based on the aforementioned circuit structure, and the control method of the charging cart is implemented in combination with the control method of the aforementioned circuit. Therefore, by using the charging cart of this application, the purpose of replenishing the charging cart or transmitting the charging cart's electrical energy to the device to be charged can be achieved by connecting the gun body to the outside. This reduces the design cost of the charging cart in terms of the number of hardware components and improves the efficiency of the charging cart. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the application scenario of the charging cart provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0049] Figure 2 This is a first schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the charging cart provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a second schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the charging cart provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0051] Figure 4 This is a first partial schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the charging cart provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0052] Figure 5 This is a second partial schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the charging cart provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0053] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the external structure of the charging cart provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The following description sets forth many specific details to facilitate a thorough understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without violating the scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific implementations disclosed below.

[0055] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limitations on this application.

[0056] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. Throughout the description of this application, "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0057] In this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," "set," and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; they may refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; they may refer to internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0058] The charging cart is a device for charging new energy vehicles. The charging cart generally needs to store enough electric energy from the charging pile, and then move to the location of the vehicle to be charged, and transfer the pre-stored electric energy to the vehicle to be charged, so as to charge the vehicle to be charged. The energy storage process of the existing charging cart is as follows: the stored electric energy is obtained from the charging pile by connecting the gun on the charging pile with the socket (charging seat) on the charging cart. The discharge process of the existing charging cart (charging the vehicle to be charged) is as follows: the charging gun of the charging cart is inserted into the charging interface of the vehicle to be charged, and the electric energy stored in the charging cart is transferred to the vehicle to be charged, so as to charge the vehicle to be charged. It can be seen that the charging cart in the prior art has two interfaces: a charging seat for energy replenishment and a charging gun for discharge.

[0059] The charging station on the charging cart is used only to recharge the cart itself. The connected circuit is the recharging circuit. Once the cart's charging station is connected to the charging station's gun, the recharging process begins. Correspondingly, the charging gun on the cart is used only to charge the vehicle to be charged. The connected circuit is the discharging circuit. Once the charging gun is connected to the charging port of the vehicle to be charged, the discharging process begins. This shows that in the prior art, the recharging and discharging circuits of charging carts are separate and connected to different ports.

[0060] When using a charging cart, if the user wants to store energy for the charging cart, they need to plug the charging gun of the charging pile into the charging seat of the charging cart. If they want to charge the vehicle to be charged, they need to plug the charging gun of the charging cart into the charging port of the vehicle to be charged. The users here can include the owner of the vehicle to be charged and the on-site operator of the charging cart. It can be seen that during use, the user needs to select one of the two ports of the charging cart and connect it to the external device to achieve the desired effect.

[0061] The above describes the control and use of the charging cart in the prior art. The following embodiments describe the technical solutions provided by this application.

[0062] First embodiment

[0063] The present application embodiment provides a circuit structure of a charging cart. Figure 1 、 Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 Understand the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the application scenario of the charging cart provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 This is a first schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the charging cart provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 This is a second schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the charging cart provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 and Figure 5They are Figure 3 An enlarged schematic diagram of the two parts after the circuit structure is split. Figure 4 and Figure 5 After connecting in a specific way, you can Figure 3 The charging gun and connection port in the above figure are the same structure, but are separated into two parts for circuit display. In fact, they are the same connection interface.

[0064] In the embodiment of the present application, charging refers to the transfer of electric energy stored in the battery to other devices for charging. This process is considered as discharging for the charging cart. For example, the electric energy stored in the battery of the charging cart is transferred to the new energy vehicle to be charged. This process can be regarded as the discharge process of the charging cart for the vehicle to be charged. The corresponding charging circuit is the circuit used to charge external devices. Recharging refers to the process of storing electric energy in the battery. For example, the electric energy of the charging pile is transferred to the charging cart, and the charging cart stores electric energy for its own battery. The corresponding energy replenishment circuit is the circuit used to store energy in the battery of the charging cart itself. In the following, charging (discharging) and energy replenishment may appear multiple times. The process of charging the new energy vehicle to be charged is the charging process of the charging cart, and the process of replenishing the charging cart with the charging pile is the energy replenishment process of the charging cart. As Figure 1 As shown, the charging cart 101 charges the vehicle to be charged 102. The charging cart 101 can also obtain electrical energy from the charger and store it in its own battery. In the above two processes, the connection interface of the charging cart is the same.

[0065] New energy vehicles are essentially electric vehicles, so the new energy vehicles, new energy vehicles, electric vehicles, electric vehicles, and vehicles to be charged that may appear in the following text all have the same meaning.

[0066] The circuit structure of the charging cart provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a battery 201 and a connection port 202 , a charging controller 203 and a battery manager 204 .

[0067] An energy replenishment circuit and a charging circuit are provided between the battery and the connection port. The energy replenishment circuit is used to store electrical energy in the battery, and the charging circuit is used to transmit the electrical energy stored in the battery to the device to be charged. The battery is generally a high-voltage battery, and the battery is used to store and release high-voltage electricity to provide sufficient power and endurance for the charging cart. The battery generally adopts a chemical system such as a lithium-ion battery or a lithium cobalt oxide battery. These batteries have a relatively high operating voltage, usually between several hundred volts and one thousand volts. Therefore, when the high-voltage battery of the charging cart is discharged, the output voltage is very large, but the charging voltage that the new energy vehicle to be charged can accept is usually lower than the voltage directly output by the charging cart. The specific voltage size is related to the type of vehicle charging system. Generally speaking, the charging of electric vehicles is divided into alternating current charging (AC charging) and direct current fast charging (DC fast charging), and the voltage ranges of the two are different.

[0068] AC charging is typically performed at home or at public charging stations, using AC power to charge the vehicle. This method offers slower charging speeds but is suitable for overnight charging or extended parking. Home charging uses 220V single-phase power (240V may be used in some countries). Public AC charging stations typically use 220V single-phase or 380V three-phase power. Direct current (DC) fast charging uses DC power directly to charge the vehicle battery, significantly reducing charging time and making it suitable for situations requiring a quick top-up, such as mid-trip charging during a long journey. Voltage range: Typically between 200V and 1000V. For some high-performance electric vehicles, the fast charging voltage may be higher, such as 800V or even 1000V systems, to achieve even faster charging speeds. As can be seen, if the rated voltage of the high-voltage battery in the charging vehicle remains constant, it is impossible to directly provide a matching voltage value for each vehicle. Therefore, a voltage converter is necessary in the charging circuit.

[0069] In the charging circuit, a voltage converter 205 is provided between the battery 201 and the connection port 202. The voltage converter is used to convert the voltage in the battery into the voltage required by the device to be charged. The charging controller 203 is electrically connected to the voltage converter 205 and is used to regulate the voltage output by the voltage converter.

[0070] The voltage converter can be a DC voltage converter that converts the high-voltage DC power in the battery into the low-voltage power required by the device to be charged, and outputs it to the device to be charged through the connection port to charge the device to be charged. In one embodiment, the voltage converter can be a 60kW DC-DC converter (DC-DC voltage converter) that converts the DC voltage of the battery in the charging cart into the DC voltage required by the vehicle to be charged.

[0071] In the energy replenishment circuit, a first switch 206 is provided between the battery 201 and the connection port 202 , and the battery manager 204 is electrically connected to the first switch 202 for controlling the on / off of the first switch to control the connection or disconnection of the energy replenishment circuit.

[0072] In actual battery operation, for safety reasons, the charging and recharging processes are not performed simultaneously, that is, the charging and recharging circuits are not closed at the same time. Specifically, when in the charging state, the charging circuit is on and the charging circuit is off; when in the recharging state, the charging circuit is off and the recharging circuit is on.

[0073] In one embodiment, the first switch may be a positive charging relay and a negative charging relay. The battery manager controls the opening and closing of the first switches by controlling the current flowing through the corresponding coils in the positive and negative charging relays, respectively. When the first switch is open, the energy replenishment circuit is disconnected; when the first switch is closed, the energy replenishment circuit is connected. The positive and negative charging relays work together to ensure an efficient and safe charging process. The positive charging relay manages the flow of current, while the negative charging relay disconnects the current at the appropriate time, jointly protecting the electric vehicle's battery and the charging equipment. The effective operation of both relays is critical to the smooth charging process of electric vehicles. The positive charging relay controls the flow of current and is primarily used to initiate and manage the charging process of the charging cart, ensuring safe and reliable current transmission between the cart and the charging facility. At the start of charging, the positive charging relay closes, allowing current to flow from the charging pile to the cart's battery. It also monitors and adjusts the current level to suit the capacity and requirements of the charging pile and the cart's battery. This ensures the safety and efficiency of the charging process and prevents battery overload and other safety issues. The negative charging relay controls the end of the charging process, disconnecting the current. This typically activates when charging is complete or a fault occurs in the charging cart, ensuring that current flow is stopped at the appropriate time to prevent battery overcharging or other potential safety risks. The negative charging relay typically activates when charging is complete or an abnormality occurs, disconnecting the current and halting the charging process. It can also serve as a power-off protection in the event of a system failure or emergency, protecting the charging equipment and the charging cart. It prevents battery overcharging, extending battery life, and provides a safe power-off function in the event of a problem with the charging equipment or the charging cart, preventing damage or accidents.

[0074] A first single-pole double-throw relay is provided between the battery manager 204 and the charging controller 203, wherein a first terminal of the first single-pole double-throw relay is connected to the charging controller, a second terminal of the first single-pole double-throw relay is connected to the battery manager, and a common terminal of the first single-pole double-throw relay is connected to the connection port.

[0075] The battery manager is a controller for managing the energy replenishment of the charging cart, which can also be called a BMS (battery management system). Its main functions include controlling and managing the battery of the charging cart and the communication lines and circuits related to the battery. The charging controller is a controller for the external discharge of the charging cart, which can also be called a CCU (charging controller). Its main functions include controlling the communication lines and circuits related to discharge. The single-pole double-throw relay includes a single-pole double-throw switch and a corresponding coil. The current passing through the coil can control the closing direction of the single-pole double-throw switch, thereby determining the circuit connected to the common end. The first terminal of the first single-pole double-throw relay is one terminal of the single-pole double-throw switch, and the second terminal is the other terminal of the single-pole double-throw switch.

[0076] The connection port 202 is used to connect to an external device and determine whether the external device is a device to be charged or a charger, and determine the state of the circuit structure according to the type of the external device. When the external device type is a device to be charged, the circuit structure corresponds to a discharge state; when the external device type is a charger, the circuit structure corresponds to a charging state.

[0077] The connection port 202 can be connected to a charger to recharge the charging cart, or it can be connected to a device to be charged to charge the device. When the charging cart is recharging itself, the recharging circuit is turned on and starts working. When the charging cart is charging an external device to be charged, the charging circuit is turned on and starts working, delivering power to the device to be charged.

[0078] In an embodiment of the present application, the energy replenishment circuit and the charging circuit are both connected to the connection port from one end of the battery through different components. That is to say, the solution of the present application integrates the energy replenishment circuit and the charging circuit into the same interface. In actual applications, both charging and energy replenishment can be completed through this interface. In the actual operation of the battery, for safety reasons, the discharge and charging processes will not be carried out at the same time, that is, the energy replenishment circuit and the charging circuit will not be closed at the same time. Specifically, when in the energy replenishment state, the charging circuit is disconnected and the energy replenishment circuit is turned on; when in the charging state, the energy replenishment switch is disconnected and the charging circuit is turned on. The charging controller participates in the control of the charging circuit and the energy replenishment circuit.

[0079] The charging controller is used to control the switch of the first single-pole double-throw relay to close to the first terminal or the second terminal according to the circuit state returned by the connection port. In one embodiment, the second terminal of the switch of the single-pole double-throw relay is set to the normally closed end, and the first terminal is set to the normally open end. In the initial state, the switch of the single-pole double-throw relay is closed to the second terminal (normally closed end). When the coil provides sufficient current, a magnetic field is generated around the coil, causing the switch of the first single-pole double-throw relay to close to the first terminal (normally open end). The current on the coil of the first single-pole double-throw relay is controlled by the charging controller.

[0080] Please also see Figure 4 and Figure 5 . Figure 4 and Figure 5 Actually Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the local split circuit structure is as follows: Figure 4 The 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 terminals are respectively Figure 5 After correspondingly connecting terminals 7, 8, 9, 9, 10, and 11, a complete circuit structure diagram can be obtained. In one embodiment, when the switch of the first single-pole double-throw relay KBC is closed to the first terminal (normally open terminal), the connection port transmits the charging demand information of the device to be charged to the charging controller via the first communication line. When the switch of the first single-pole double-throw relay is closed to the second terminal (normally closed terminal), the battery manager transmits the battery's energy replenishment demand information to the connection port via the second communication line. The first communication line is the wire between the S+ pin of the BMS in the figure and the S+ pin of the connection port. The second communication line is the wire between the S+ pin of the CCU in the figure and the S+ pin of the connection port.

[0081] When the switch of the first single-pole double-throw relay KBC is closed to the first terminal (normally closed terminal), the connection port transmits the charging demand information of the device to be charged to the charging controller via a first communication line. The first communication line is a wire connecting the communication port of the connection port and the communication port of the charging controller, through which the charging demand information of the device to be charged can be transmitted. This demand information can be used by the charging controller to adjust the voltage output by the voltage controller.

[0082] When the switch of the first single-pole double-throw relay is closed to the second terminal (normally open terminal), the battery manager (BMS) transmits the battery's recharging requirement information to the connection port via a second communication line. The second communication line is a wire directly connecting the communication port of the connection port and the communication port of the battery manager. The battery manager transmits the recharging requirement information of its own battery to the connection port, and the recharging information required by the charging cart's battery. The connection port then sends this information to the charger, allowing the charger to adjust the parameters of the recharging power output.

[0083] When the charging trolley is connected to the vehicle to be charged, the charging trolley needs to determine whether the connection between the charging trolley and the vehicle to be charged is successful. This application can use the battery manager to make this determination.

[0084] In one embodiment, the battery manager's internal power supply U2 is connected in series with two resistors and then to ground. A second switch KB1 is provided between the two resistors. The voltage between the two resistors changes depending on whether the second switch is closed or open. This voltage is used by the charging cart to determine whether the connection port is connected to the charger. The battery manager's internal power supply U2 can provide a voltage of 12V. When the second switch is open, the voltage between the two resistors (R5 and RB) is 12V. When the second switch is closed, the voltage between the two resistors becomes 6V. Therefore, by measuring the voltage between the two resistors, it is possible to determine whether the charging cart is successfully connected to the charger. The opening and closing of the second switch is controlled by the current in the corresponding second coil.

[0085] In one embodiment, a discharge positive relay 401 is further provided between the positive electrode of the battery and the positive electrode of the voltage converter. The discharge positive relay is connected in parallel with a shunt circuit, and the shunt circuit is provided with a pre-charge relay 402 and a pre-charge resistor 403 connected in series. When the circuit structure is in a discharge state, the charging controller controls the pre-charge relay to close so as to shunt the current flowing through the discharge positive relay through the pre-charge resistor.

[0086] The discharge positive relay protects the battery and system safety by controlling the initiation and termination of current flow, ensuring a stable and reliable discharge process. The discharge positive relay controls the current output from the battery to external loads (such as motors, electronic devices, etc.); it is responsible for initiating the discharge process, allowing current to flow from the positive terminal of the battery. When discharge is required, the discharge positive relay closes, allowing current to flow from the positive terminal of the battery to the load. It is usually controlled by the battery management system (BMS), and whether to close is determined by system requirements (i.e., whether external charging is being performed) and the battery status. Therefore, the discharge positive relay can ensure the initiation and management of the discharge process, allowing the battery to provide the required power to the load, and prevent excessive current output, protecting the battery and circuit from overheating or other damage.

[0087] To protect the circuit, when the battery begins discharging, the charge controller controls the pre-charge relay to close, preventing the discharge positive relay from sticking. Before discharge (external charging) begins, the charge controller controls the pre-charge relay to close. The pre-charge resistor shunts current, allowing the discharge positive relay to pre-charge the battery of the vehicle being charged at a lower voltage. This allows for a smooth introduction of charging current, preventing sudden high current surges into the vehicle's battery. This extends the life of the battery and the charging cart, and reduces energy loss during the charging process. The pre-charge relay ensures that the capacitor or battery voltage is within a safe range before connecting the charging cart to the vehicle's battery. This prevents high current surges caused by voltage differences at the start of charging, thereby protecting the vehicle's electronic components and charging equipment. The pre-charge resistor is a resistor used to limit the pre-charge current and is typically used in conjunction with the pre-charge relay to ensure a smooth current transition during the pre-charge phase. The pre-charge relay is managed by the charging cart's charge controller. When charging is ready to begin, the charge controller disconnects the pre-charge relay, allowing the charging current to flow through the main circuit into the vehicle's battery system.

[0088] Adding pre-charge relays and pre-charge resistors to the charging circuit controls and stabilizes voltage and current variations during the charging process, protecting the safety and longevity of both electric vehicles and charging equipment. These technologies not only improve charging efficiency but also enhance user and equipment safety.

[0089] In one embodiment, the battery manager is connected to the positive and negative input terminals of the voltage converter for discharge sticking detection. The first switch includes a positive charging relay 404, and the battery manager is connected between the positive charging relay and the connection port to detect charging sticking on the positive charging relay. Because the battery of the charging cart is a high-voltage battery, to prevent the charging circuit from sticking due to a momentary overvoltage, a pre-charge relay and pre-charge resistor are combined, and the battery manager is connected to the voltage converter to jointly perform discharge sticking detection.

[0090] In one embodiment, a diode 405 is provided at the positive power pin of the battery manager. The cathode of the diode is connected to the positive power pin of the battery manager, and the anode of the diode is connected to the second terminal of the first switch. The diode is used to prevent current from the positive power pin of the battery manager from flowing to the current of the connection port. The diode is unidirectional. If the current flowing from the positive to the negative terminal exceeds 0.7V, current will flow through the diode. The diode is used to control the unidirectional flow of current in the circuit to prevent misleading voltage detection between the two resistors R5 and RB near the power supply U2 within the battery manager. The diode can be set to an open circuit. However, if the BMS itself is low on vehicle power or disconnected, it is not connected to the power supply and cannot operate normally, thus preventing the recharging process. Therefore, the positive power pin of the BMS needs to obtain power from the power output pin of the connection port. Therefore, the provision of a diode here can control the direction of current flow and effectively ensure the power supply of the BMS.

[0091] The diode 405 is connected in series with the second coil and then connected to the negative power supply pin of the connection port. The second coil is used to control the closing and opening of the second switch through the magnetic field generated by the current flowing through it, so as to determine whether the connection port is connected to the charging port.

[0092] A third coil is connected in parallel to the second coil, and a third switch KB2 is provided on the second communication line. The third coil is used to control whether the third switch is connected to one end of the second communication line through the magnetic field generated by the flowing current. When the third switch is closed to one end of the second communication line, the second communication line is connected between the battery manager and the connection port, thereby transmitting the battery's recharging requirement information to the connection port via the second communication line. In one embodiment, the third switch can be a single-pole double-throw switch. When the magnetic field generated by the third coil causes the third switch to close, the second communication line is connected. When the third coil is not affected by the magnetic field generated by the third coil, the first communication line is connected. When the connection port is connected to the battery manager via the first single-pole double-throw relay, current flows through the third coil.

[0093] In one embodiment, the coil 406 of the first single-pole double-throw relay KBC has one end grounded and the other end connected to the positive power supply pin of the charging controller. When the circuit configuration state returned by the connection port is in a discharged state, the internal power supply U1 of the charging controller generates current to close the switch of the first single-pole double-throw relay to the first terminal (normally open terminal). When the connection port detects that the device connected to the charging cart is a vehicle to be charged, the power supply pin of the charging controller outputs current. This current flows through the corresponding coil near the first single-pole double-throw relay, generating a magnetic field around the coil that controls the switch of the first single-pole double-throw relay to close to the first terminal. Correspondingly, when the connection port detects that the device connected to the charging cart is a charger, the switch of the first single-pole double-throw relay closes to the second terminal (normally closed terminal). The single-pole double-throw relay is connected to the positive power supply pin of the battery manager. At this time, the current on the connection port flows through the second and third coils to control the closure of the second and third switches KB1 and KB2.

[0094] In one embodiment, in the charging circuit, a discharge output relay is provided between the voltage converter and the connection port, a discharge negative relay 409 is further provided between the battery and the voltage converter, and a charge negative relay 410 is further provided between the battery and the connection port; the discharge negative relay and the charge negative relay are electrically connected to the battery manager; when the connection port returns to the energy replenishment state, the battery manager controls the charge positive relay and the charge negative relay to close, so that the energy replenishment circuit is turned on and performs the energy replenishment task; when the connection port returns to the discharge state, the battery manager controls the discharge positive relay and the discharge negative relay to close, and the charge controller controls the discharge output relay to close, so that the charging circuit is turned on and performs the charging task for the vehicle to be charged.

[0095] The discharge output relays may include a positive discharge output relay 407 and a negative discharge output relay 408, which are used to test the insulation of the charging circuit. To ensure the safety of the charging process, protect equipment, and ensure compliance with charging facilities, insulation monitoring of the charging system is required before and during charging. There are two common methods for insulation testing: DC leakage testing and AC impedance testing. In this application example, using DC power as an example, the first method, the DC leakage test, is adopted. A small test voltage (lower than the operating voltage) is applied to the charging circuit, and the leakage current flowing through the insulating material is measured to calculate the insulation resistance. Specifically, pre-charging phase testing: Before charging begins, the charging cart performs a preliminary test on the insulation status of the electric vehicle and itself. If the insulation resistance is detected to be below a set threshold, the charging process is refused. During-charging monitoring: During the charging process, the charging cart continuously monitors the insulation status. If the insulation resistance is detected to drop to a dangerous level, charging is immediately stopped and an alarm is issued. The positive and negative output relays are introduced here for insulation testing. The positive and negative output relays are each disconnected and two voltage values are obtained. The insulation resistance value is calculated based on the voltage difference.

[0096] The charging negative relay 410 and the discharging negative relay 409 are controlled by the current provided by the battery manager. The charging negative relay and the charging positive relay jointly control the conduction and disconnection of the energy replenishment circuit. The discharging positive relay and the discharging negative relay jointly control the conduction and disconnection of the charging circuit.

[0097] When the connection port returns a status indicating that the battery is charging itself, the battery manager controls the charging circuit to be turned on to charge the battery. When the connection port returns a status indicating that the battery is charging a vehicle to be charged, the battery manager controls the charging circuit to be turned on to charge the vehicle to be charged.

[0098] In one embodiment, the charging circuit further includes a heating relay 411; the two ends of the switch of the heating relay are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the battery to be connected in series with the heating film inside the battery; the coil of the heating relay is controlled by the battery manager, and when the switch of the heating relay is closed, the heating relay uses the current output by the battery to generate heat to heat the charging circuit.

[0099] The heating relay is an electrical device used to control the high-voltage battery heating system. It provides both temperature control and overheat protection. When heating is required, the relay closes, generating heat. When the temperature reaches the set point, the relay disconnects, stopping heating. The relay also provides overheat protection. If the heating system heats up abnormally or exceeds a safe range, the relay automatically disconnects the circuit to prevent overheating and potential safety issues.

[0100] In an embodiment of the present application, the switch end of the heating relay and the heating film are connected in series. When the battery management system controls the coil end of the heating relay to have a potential difference of 12V, the switch end of the heating relay can be controlled to be closed, so that current passes through the heating film to generate heat. The heating film is generally a structure integrated inside the high-voltage battery, and may also include heating materials such as PTC and graphene, which is specifically determined by the battery manufacturer. In extremely cold weather (below 0°C, the discharge capacity of batteries such as lithium iron phosphate is very weak), the battery manager controls the heating relay to be closed, so that the battery releases a small current for self-heating. When the temperature meets the requirements, the relay will be disconnected.

[0101] In one embodiment, the charging circuit further includes a first shunt disposed between the output negative relay and the negative terminal of the connection port. When current flows through the first shunt, the voltage drop generated by the current is used to measure the current flowing out of the voltage converter. Specifically, real-time monitoring information such as current magnitude, direction, and voltage can be measured.

[0102] A shunt is an electrical component used to measure current, typically when high currents need to be accurately measured. It achieves this by generating a small voltage drop proportional to the current passing through it. Shunts are widely used in applications such as ammeters, power supply equipment, DC motor control, and battery management systems.

[0103] The basic principle of a shunt is to calculate the current (I) based on Ohm's law (V = I * R) by using the voltage drop (V) across a known resistor (R). Shunts are typically made of low-resistance, high-precision resistor materials. When current flows through a shunt, a very small voltage drop is generated. This voltage drop can be measured and converted to a current value.

[0104] A shunt generally has the following main components:

[0105] Resistor: The core component, usually made of a material with high stability and low temperature coefficient, such as manganese copper, constantan or nickel-chromium alloy.

[0106] Terminals: Used to connect the input and output terminals of the circuit to ensure that current flows through the shunt.

[0107] Bracket or Base: Some splitters come with a mounting bracket or base for attaching to equipment or a panel.

[0108] Shunts offer advantages such as high precision, a wide measurement range, low power consumption, simplicity, and reliability. Due to their extremely low and stable resistance, shunts can accurately measure large currents and are suitable for measuring a wide range of currents, from a few milliamperes to several kiloamperes. Due to their low resistance, shunts consume very little power themselves. Their simple structure, lack of moving parts, and high reliability are key features. Therefore, the use of shunts in the first embodiment of this application enables statistical analysis of discharge currents, providing reliable data and recommendations for operators.

[0109] The two ends of the first shunt can be connected to the charging controller and the electric meter respectively, and both collect current information at the same time. In addition, the electric meter will be connected to the charging controller through the 485 communication line to transmit voltage, current, power and other information to the charging controller in real time.

[0110] In one embodiment, the charging circuit further includes a pre-charging relay and a pre-charging resistor, wherein the pre-charging relay and the pre-charging resistor are connected in series and as a whole are connected in parallel with the discharge positive relay;

[0111] When the high-voltage battery starts to discharge, the pre-charge relay is closed to shunt the current flowing through the discharge positive relay through the pre-charge resistor.

[0112] To protect the circuit, when the high-voltage battery begins discharging, the charge controller controls the pre-charge relay to close to prevent the discharge positive relay from sticking. Before discharge begins, the charge controller controls the pre-charge relay to close. The pre-charge resistor shunts current, allowing the discharge positive relay to pre-charge the electric vehicle's capacitor or battery at a lower voltage. This allows for a smooth introduction of charging current, avoiding sudden high current surges to the battery. This extends the life of the battery and charging station, and reduces energy loss during the charging process. The pre-charge relay ensures that the capacitor or battery voltage is within a safe range before connecting the charging cart and the electric vehicle's battery. This prevents high current surges caused by voltage differences at the start of charging, thereby protecting the electric vehicle's electronic components and charging equipment. The pre-charge resistor is a resistor used to limit the pre-charge current and is typically used in conjunction with the pre-charge relay to ensure a smooth current transition during the pre-charge phase. The pre-charge relay is managed by the charging cart's charge controller. When charging is ready to begin, the charge controller disconnects the pre-charge relay, allowing charging current to flow through the main circuit into the electric vehicle's battery system.

[0113] Adding pre-charge relays and pre-charge resistors to the charging circuit controls and stabilizes voltage and current variations during the charging process, protecting the safety and longevity of both the electric vehicle and the charging equipment. These technologies not only improve charging efficiency but also enhance user and equipment safety, making them an indispensable component of modern electric vehicle charging technology.

[0114] In one embodiment, the positive electrode of the high-voltage battery is connected in parallel with the positive electrode of the charging circuit and the positive electrode of the charging line through a positive output line, and a fuse is connected to the positive output line; when the current flowing through the fuse exceeds a threshold, the fuse is blown and the circuit on the positive output line is disconnected.

[0115] Fuses are primarily used to protect high-voltage battery systems from overcurrent. The primary function of a fuse on the positive terminal of a high-voltage battery is to shut off the current when the current in the battery system exceeds a set range. This prevents damage to the battery due to abnormally high currents, such as overload conditions caused by a battery short circuit or other circuit faults. In battery systems, particularly those involving high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries, positive terminal fuses can effectively reduce the risk of fire caused by circuit faults or operational errors. Once the current exceeds a safe level, the fuse quickly shuts off the circuit, preventing further damage or danger. Fuses are typically designed to be resettable or replaceable, making them relatively easy to repair or replace in the event of a problem. This helps maintain the reliability and long-term performance of high-voltage battery systems. In practical applications, the rated parameters of the positive terminal fuse need to be selected based on the current characteristics and operating conditions of the battery system. Generally, they are capable of withstanding high voltages and transient high currents, ensuring reliable operation under both normal and abnormal conditions. Fuses must be able to respond quickly to abnormal currents to avoid irreversible damage or danger. Therefore, their design requires consideration of both rapid response time and reliability.

[0116] In this embodiment, the fuse in the high-voltage battery system ensures the reliability, safety, and durability of the system.

[0117] Accordingly, a fuse may also be connected near the connection port to ensure the safety of the connection port during the charging process.

[0118] In one embodiment, the negative electrode of the high-voltage battery is connected in parallel with the negative electrode of the charging circuit and the negative electrode of the charging line through a negative electrode output line, and a second shunt is connected to the negative electrode output line. The second shunt measures the current output by the high-voltage battery to accurately monitor and provide the battery status of the high-voltage battery.

[0119] In a battery management system, a shunt helps monitor and manage battery performance and safety. For more information on the principles behind this, please refer to the previous introduction to shunts. This section will briefly describe the specific role of the second shunt.

[0120] By accurately measuring current, the second shunt can help monitor the battery's charging and discharging process, ensuring it operates within a safe operating range. If abnormal current is detected, such as overcurrent or a short circuit, the battery management system can take timely protective measures, such as disconnecting the circuit or issuing an alarm. The data provided by the second shunt is very important for the battery management system to perform energy metering (i.e., coulomb counting). Through accurate current measurement, the BMS can better estimate the battery's state of charge (SoC) and state of health (SoH), thereby optimizing battery usage and life.

[0121] The second shunt on the negative electrode of the high-voltage battery is a key component in the battery management system. It provides precise current measurement, helping to monitor the battery's status and performance, ensuring safe and optimized use. Through real-time monitoring and feedback, the shunt provides important support for the stable operation and long life of the battery system.

[0122] The circuit structure of the charging cart provided in the embodiments of the present application transmits the status of the charging controller and the charging controller through communication between the connection port and the charging controller, allowing the controllers to control the corresponding circuits to achieve charging or discharging of the charging cart. In this solution, only one connection port is used, which can connect to different types of external devices and can independently determine the charging or discharging status, making operation more convenient. At the same time, the two interfaces responsible for charging and discharging in the existing technology are integrated into a single connection port, significantly simplifying the charging cart circuit and saving production costs.

[0123] Second embodiment

[0124] The second embodiment of the present application further describes the circuit structure in detail based on the second embodiment of the present application, and the relevant parts can refer to the contents of the second embodiment.

[0125] When the connection port 202 is connected to the charger for charging, the voltage at the connection port 202 is the charging voltage, and the charging voltage is used to determine that the connection port 202 is in the charging state. When the connection port 202 is connected to the device to be charged for discharging, the voltage at the connection port 202 is the discharging voltage, and the discharging voltage is used to determine that the connection port is in the discharging state.

[0126] The battery manager is used to obtain the charging status returned by the connection port 202 from the connection port through the first communication line, so that the battery manager controls the battery to be charged; the charging controller is used to obtain the discharge status returned by the connection port from the connection port through the second communication line, so that the charging controller controls the charging of the device to be charged.

[0127] In one embodiment, the connection port 202 is a gun body. In the following description, the gun body and the connection port have the same meaning. The battery manager is a controller for managing the energy replenishment of the charging cart, which can also be called a BMS (battery management system). Its main functions include controlling and managing the battery of the charging cart and the communication lines and circuits related to the battery. The charging controller is a controller for the external discharge of the charging cart, which can also be called a CCU (charging controller). Its main functions include controlling the communication lines and circuits related to discharge. Figure 1 As shown, the pins in the gun body are connected to the energy replenishment manager and the charging controller. The first communication line can generally be the vehicle CAN line on the battery manager ( Figure 3 The second communication line may be a wire between the detection pin CC1 of the connection port and the detection pin CC1 of the charging controller. The first communication line and the second communication line are used to transmit status information obtained by the connection port to the battery manager and the charging controller, respectively.

[0128] In one embodiment, the connection port can be used to connect to a charger, such as a charging station. The connection port can also be used to connect to an external device to be charged, such as a new energy vehicle to be charged. When the connection port is connected to the charger, that is, when the connection port (gun body) is inserted into the charging socket of the charging station, it indicates that the user wants to perform a charging operation for the charging vehicle. However, the charging vehicle is not aware of the user's intention to perform a charging operation. Therefore, a determination method is needed to enable the charging vehicle to automatically identify the current operation when the connection port is connected to the charging socket of the charging station and control the internal circuits. Generally, when the connection port is connected to the socket of the charging station or the socket of the vehicle to be charged, the voltage generated between the connection port and the socket is different. Therefore, the voltage at the time of connection can be measured from the connection port to determine whether the connection port is in the charging state or the discharging state at that time. In one embodiment, a determination method related to the charging voltage can better achieve the above purpose. When the connection port is connected to the charging socket of the charging station, a charging voltage is generated at the connection between the two. The value of this voltage can be used to determine the operating state of the connection port at that time, that is, whether it is in the charging state. When the connection port is connected to the charging port of the device to be charged, it indicates that the user intends to charge the new energy vehicle to be charged. This process is the discharge process of the charging vehicle. Therefore, in one embodiment, a determination method related to discharge voltage can be used to better implement the connection port to determine whether the user is in the discharge process. When the connection port is connected to the charging port of the new energy vehicle to be charged, a discharge voltage is generated at the connection point between the two. The value of this voltage can be used to determine the operating state of the connection port at this time, that is, whether it is in the discharge state.

[0129] According to the above description, the connection port can obtain the charging state or the discharging state, and then the battery manager can obtain the charging state from the connection port through the first communication line, so that the battery manager controls the charging-related circuits to achieve battery charging; correspondingly, the charging controller obtains the discharging state from the connection port through the second communication line, so that the charging controller controls the related circuits to perform the discharging task.

[0130] Building on the above data transmission process between the charging controller, the battery manager, and the connection port, the following describes the connection lines between the three.

[0131] The power pin 32 of the charging controller is connected to the power pin 12 of the connection port through a first relay 104 , and the first relay 104 is a single-pole double-throw relay.

[0132] The power supply pin A+ of the charging controller can be controlled by the charging controller to output current. The power supply pin A+ of the connection port can be controlled by the connection state to output current.

[0133] A relay is an electrical control device that activates a predetermined action when an input variable (such as voltage, current, or temperature) reaches a certain value, thereby connecting or disconnecting a circuit. Relays are commonly used in automatic control systems to achieve automated operation and protection functions. The basic structure of a relay mainly includes: a coil: energized to generate a magnetic field, causing the relay to operate; an iron core: a magnetically conductive material that concentrates the magnetic field and enhances the magnetic force; an armature: a movable part that moves under the influence of the magnetic force, triggering the switch; and contacts: the switching part, which connects or disconnects the circuit by moving the armature. The main categories of relays include electromagnetic relays, solid-state relays, thermal relays, time relays, and current relays.

[0134] A single-pole double-throw relay is a common electromagnetic relay. Unlike ordinary relays, a single-pole double-throw relay has a common terminal, a normally open contact, and a normally closed contact. The common terminal is the input terminal of the relay. When the relay is actuated, the common terminal terminal will be connected to the normally open contact or the normally closed contact terminal. When the relay coil is not energized, the normally open contact terminal is disconnected. When the coil is energized, the common terminal is connected to the normally open contact terminal. When the relay coil is not energized, the normally closed contact terminal is connected. When the coil is energized, the common terminal is disconnected from the normally closed contact terminal. Single-pole double-throw relays are used in control circuits and can realize power switching, control circuits, and signal switching. In the second embodiment of the present application, single-pole double-throw relays are mainly used in control circuits.

[0135] The charge controller's power pin A+ is connected to the connection port's power pin A+ via a single-pole, double-throw relay KBC. The first relay KBC includes a common terminal, a normally closed contact, and a normally open contact. The contact farther from the coil is the normally closed contact, while the contact closer to the coil is the normally open contact. It can be understood that in the default or initial state, the first relay KBC is always connected to the normally closed contact terminal. When the common terminal of the first relay KBC is connected to the normally open contact terminal, the charge controller's power pin is electrically connected to the connection port's power pin. When the connection port is connected to an external device, voltage is generated, and current flows out of the connection port's power pin A+.

[0136] One end of the coil of the first relay KBC is grounded, and the other end is connected to the power pin A+ of the charge controller. The common terminal of the first relay is connected to the power pin A+ of the connection port. The coil of the first relay KBC is connected to the ground wire and the power pin A+ of the charge controller, respectively. If power is output to the power pin A+ of the charge controller, current flows through the coil of the first relay KBC, causing the coil of the first relay KBC to pull in and close to the normally open contact terminal.

[0137] When the switch of the first relay is closed to the normally closed terminal, the first relay is connected to the power pin of the battery manager. When the switch of the first relay KBC is closed to the normally closed contact terminal, the connection port is connected to the power pin A+ of the battery manager through the first relay.

[0138] When the switch of the first relay is closed to the normally open terminal, the first relay is connected to the power pin of the charging controller. When the switch end of the first relay KBC is closed to the normally open contact terminal, the connection port is connected through the first relay and the power pin A+ of the charging controller.

[0139] As can be seen, the first relay KBC controls the connection destination of the port's power pin, specifically connecting it to either the battery manager's power pin or the charge controller's power pin, thus forming a circuit. The design of the first relay provides a strong foundation for switching the port's functions.

[0140] The charging controller is used to control the closing direction of the first relay according to the discharge state. In addition to the discharge state, the charging controller can also receive the energy replenishment state. After the charging controller obtains the judgment result (discharge state or energy replenishment state) through the second communication line, the switch closing direction of the first relay is controlled according to the energy replenishment state or the discharge state. If the judgment result obtained is the energy replenishment state, the first relay is in the default state and is ready for the energy replenishment process. If the judgment result is the discharge state, there is an output power supply on the power pin of the charging controller, and the output current acts on the coil of the first relay, so that the switch closing direction of the first relay changes, and the common end of the first relay is connected to the normally open contact terminal, which is connected to the power pin of the charging controller and is ready for the discharge process.

[0141] The control circuit of the charging cart further includes a second relay; the signal transmission pin of the battery manager forms a signal transmission loop with the signal transmission pin of the connection port via the second relay. One end of the second relay KB2 is connected to the signal transmission pin S+ of the battery manager, and the other end is connected to the signal transmission pin S+ of the connection port. This formed signal transmission loop can be used to transmit charging requirement parameters related to the battery manager, such as the required charging voltage, charge level, and battery status. This allows the charging gun to receive these parameters, communicate with external devices, and select an appropriate charging method.

[0142] The power pin A+ of the battery manager is connected to the power pin A+ of the connection port;

[0143] The detection pin A+ of the battery manager is connected to the ground in series with the switch terminal of the third relay KB1;

[0144] When the connection port is connected to the charger, the third relay KB1 is closed, and a voltage change occurs at the detection pin of the battery manager, so that the battery manager can determine whether the connection port is connected to the charger.

[0145] The other end of the battery manager's detection pin is connected to the internal voltage of the battery manager. In one embodiment, since the battery manager has an internal voltage of 12V, when the connection port is not connected to any device, the voltage measured at the battery manager's detection pin CC2 is 12V. If the connection port is connected to an external voltage, current flows through the coil of the third relay KB1, causing the switch of the third relay KB1 to close. This completes the circuit at the battery manager's detection pin. At this point, due to the addition of resistor RB to the circuit of the third relay KB1, the voltage measured at the detection pin CC2 changes from 12V to 6V. In other words, when the connection port detects a charging state, the power pin of the connection port outputs a voltage. At this time, the coil of the third relay KB1 flows current, closing the switch, thereby conducting the circuit where the third relay switch is located. At this time, the voltage measured at the detection pin CC2 is 6V, indicating that the connection between the connection port and the external device is complete. It is worth noting that, in theory, the circuit design of the third relay can be cancelled, because the discharge state and energy replenishment state at the detection pin of the connection port already include the connection state (whether connected) between the connection port and the device. Therefore, the voltage change at the detection pin of the connection port can be directly used to obtain the connection state between the connection port and the external device and the upcoming energy replenishment or discharge state.

[0146] A diode is installed on the positive power output line of the battery manager. The second and third relays are connected in parallel, connected in series with the diode, and connected to the power pin of the connection port via the first relay. The diode's unidirectional conduction provides a basis for circuit protection. The diode is used to control the current flow in the circuit in one direction, thereby preventing misleading voltage detection.

[0147] The power pin A+ of the battery manager forms a loop through the coil of the second relay KB2 and the coil of the third relay KB1.

[0148] The signal transmission pin S+ of the connection port is connected in series to the signal transmission pin S+ of the battery manager via the switch end of the second relay KB2.

[0149] The detection pin CC1 of the connection port is grounded via a series resistor;

[0150] A normally closed switch S is provided between the resistor and the ground line. This normally closed switch is used to determine whether the detection pin CC1 of the connection port is in a discharging state or a charging state. When an external device is connected to the connection port, it goes through two states: a semi-connected state and a fully connected state. The voltage at the connection port varies in these two states.

[0151] Among them, at the initial moment of connection between the connection port and the charger, the normally closed switch S is disconnected, and the energy replenishment voltage is a first voltage value; when the connection port is connected to the charger, the normally closed switch is closed, at this time the resistor is connected to the circuit, and the energy replenishment voltage is a second voltage value; at the initial moment of connection between the connection port and the device to be charged, the normally closed switch is disconnected, and the discharge voltage is a third voltage value; when the connection port is connected to the device to be charged, the normally closed switch is closed, at this time the resistor is connected to the circuit, and the discharge voltage is a fourth voltage value.

[0152] The connection port is determined to be in a charging state by changing the charging voltage from a first voltage value to a second voltage value; the connection port is determined to be in a discharging state by changing the discharge voltage from a third voltage value to a fourth voltage value. In one embodiment, the above-mentioned first voltage value is 2.55V, the second voltage value is 2.1V; the third voltage value is 6V, and the fourth voltage value is 4V. It should be noted that the above-mentioned voltage values are only preferred values in the embodiments of the present application, and are not fixed and unique. Since the connection port in the second embodiment of the present application needs to meet the requirements of charging and charging at the same time, different voltage values are used to judge the state. Theoretically, when the third voltage value and the fourth voltage value are generally 6V and 4V respectively, it is sufficient to set the second voltage value of the first voltage value to be not equal to 6V or 4V.

[0153] In one embodiment, the second relay is a single-pole double-throw relay. In the second relay KB2, the contact close to the coil is a normally open contact (normally open end), and the contact far from the coil is a normally closed contact (normally closed end).

[0154] When the switch of the second relay KB2 is closed to the normally closed end, the signal transmission pin of the charging controller is connected to the signal transmission pin of the connection port through the second relay, so that the charging controller obtains charging demand information;

[0155] When the switch of the second relay KB2 is closed to the normally open end, the signal transmission pin of the battery manager is connected to the signal transmission pin of the connection port through the second relay, so that the battery manager obtains the energy replenishment demand information.

[0156] The control circuit of the charging cart provided in the second embodiment of the present application first measures and determines the current state through a connection port. Then, through communication between the connection port, the battery manager, and the charging controller, the control circuit transmits the current state to the battery manager and the charging controller, enabling them to control the corresponding circuits to achieve charging or discharging of the charging cart. In this solution, only one connection port is used, which can be connected to different types of external devices and can independently determine the charging or discharging state. Therefore, there is no need for manual interface selection, which is more convenient in operation. At the same time, the structure of two interfaces responsible for charging and discharging in the existing technology is integrated into a single connection port, which significantly simplifies the charging cart circuit and saves production costs.

[0157] Third embodiment

[0158] The third embodiment of the present application provides a circuit control method. The circuit control method corresponds to the circuit structure in the first and second embodiments. Therefore, the following description is only illustrative, and the relevant parts can be found in the above content.

[0159] The circuit control method provided in the third embodiment of the present application is applied to any circuit structure in the first and second embodiments, and includes step S101 and step S102.

[0160] In step S101, when a connection port is connected to an external power source, a detection pin on the connection port obtains a charging voltage. Based on this charging voltage, the connection port is determined to be in a charging state. This charging state information is then transmitted to the battery manager via a first communication bus, prompting the battery manager to initiate a charging process. This step is used to recharge the charging cart itself. This step obtains the current connection state of the connection port and the function to be switched. If the received state indicates a charging state, the corresponding charging circuit is activated, allowing the external device to recharge the cart.

[0161] In step S102, when the connection port is connected to a device to be charged, the detection pin of the connection port obtains a discharge voltage, determines that the connection port is in a discharge state based on the discharge voltage, and transmits the discharge state information to the charge controller via the second communication bus, causing the charge controller to execute the charging process. This step is used to achieve the purpose of charging an external device. The stored electrical energy is transferred to the external device to achieve self-discharge.

[0162] The circuit control method provided in the third embodiment of this application measures voltage at a connection port and determines the current charging or discharging state based on the voltage. The battery manager and charge controller receive the judgment result returned by the connection port and control the circuit accordingly to implement the charging or discharging process. This circuit control method can efficiently determine and execute charging and discharging for a single connection port.

[0163] Fourth embodiment

[0164] The fourth embodiment of the present application provides a charging cart. Since the charging cart of the fourth embodiment of the present application is implemented on the basis of the aforementioned circuit structure and control method, the following description of the charging cart is merely illustrative. For related content, please refer to the circuit structure and control method sections in the first, second and third embodiments.

[0165] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of a charging cart provided in an embodiment of the present application. A fourth embodiment of the present application provides a charging cart 600, comprising a gun body 601, a drive wheel 602, and a handle 603. The drive wheel is driven by a motor to propel the charging cart forward; the handle provides interactive control of direction and speed, allowing the cart's movement to be controlled by manipulating the handle (e.g., pressing a button, rotating the handle, adjusting the direction, etc.).

[0166] The charging cart provided in the fourth embodiment of this application is designed based on the aforementioned circuit structure and is controlled in conjunction with the aforementioned circuit control method. Therefore, the charging cart provided in the fourth embodiment of this application can achieve the functions of charging and discharging through a single gun body, breaking the limitation of the prior art that only one port can be used for charging and another port for discharging, and fundamentally saving the production cost of the charging cart.

[0167] Although the present application is disclosed as above with the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present application. Any person skilled in the art may make possible changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application shall be based on the scope defined by the claims of the present application.

[0168] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0169] Memory may include non-permanent storage in a computer-readable medium, random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory in the form of read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.

[0170] 1. Computer-readable media includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can be implemented by any method or technology to store information. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission media that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include non-transitory media such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0171] 2. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

Claims

1. A circuit structure of a charging car, characterized in that: Includes battery and connection ports, charge controller and battery manager; An energy replenishment circuit and a charging circuit are provided between the battery and the connection port, the energy replenishment circuit is used to store electrical energy in the battery, and the charging circuit is used to transmit the electrical energy stored in the battery to the device to be charged; In the charging circuit, a voltage converter is provided between the battery and the connection port, and the voltage converter is used to convert the voltage in the battery into the voltage required by the device to be charged. The charging controller is electrically connected to the voltage converter and is used to regulate the voltage output by the voltage converter; In the energy replenishment circuit, a first switch is provided between the battery and the connection port, and the battery manager is electrically connected to the first switch and is used to control the on and off of the first switch to control the connection or disconnection of the energy replenishment circuit; A first single-pole double-throw relay is provided between the battery manager and the charging controller, wherein a first terminal of the first single-pole double-throw relay is connected to the charging controller, a second terminal of the first single-pole double-throw relay is connected to the battery manager, and a common terminal of the first single-pole double-throw relay is connected to the connection port; The connection port is used to connect to an external device and determine whether the external device is a device to be charged or a charger, and determine the state of the circuit structure according to the type of the external device. When the external device is a device to be charged, the circuit structure corresponds to a discharge state, and when the external device is a charger, the circuit structure corresponds to a charging state. The charging controller is used to control the switch of the first single-pole double-throw relay to close to the first terminal or the second terminal according to the circuit state returned by the connection port.

2. The circuit structure according to claim 1, wherein: When the switch of the first single-pole double-throw relay is closed to the first terminal, the connection port transmits the charging requirement information of the device to be charged to the charging controller through the first communication line. When the switch of the first single-pole double-throw relay is closed to the second terminal, the battery manager transmits the battery's energy replenishment requirement information to the connection port through the second communication line.

3. The circuit structure according to claim 2, wherein: The internal power supply of the battery manager is connected in series with two resistors and then to ground. A second switch is provided between the two resistors. The voltage value between the two resistors changes according to the closing and opening of the second switch. The voltage value is used by the charging cart to determine whether the connection port is connected to the charger.

4. The circuit structure according to claim 1, wherein: A discharge positive relay is also provided between the positive electrode of the battery and the positive electrode of the voltage converter. The discharge positive relay is connected in parallel with a shunt circuit. The shunt circuit is provided with a pre-charge relay and a pre-charge resistor connected in series. When the circuit structure is in a discharge state, the charging controller controls the pre-charge relay to close so as to shunt the current flowing through the discharge positive relay through the pre-charge resistor.

5. The circuit structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The battery manager is connected to the positive input electrode and the negative input electrode of the voltage converter for performing discharge adhesion detection; The first switch includes a positive charging relay, and the battery manager is connected between the positive charging relay and the connection port, and is used to perform charging sticking detection on the positive charging relay.

6. The circuit structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: One end of the coil of the first single-pole double-throw relay is grounded, and the other end is connected to the positive power supply pin of the charging controller. When the circuit structure state returned by the connection port is a discharge state, the internal power supply of the charging controller generates current to close the switch of the first single-pole double-throw relay to the first terminal.

7. The circuit structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: A diode is provided at the positive power pin of the battery manager, the cathode of the diode is connected to the positive power pin of the battery manager, and the anode of the diode is connected to the second terminal of the first switch, and the diode is used to prevent the current of the positive power pin of the battery manager from flowing to the current of the connection port; The diode and the second coil are connected in series and then connected to the negative power supply pin of the connection port. The second coil is used to control the closing and opening of the second switch through the magnetic field generated by the current flowing therethrough, so as to determine whether the connection port is connected to the charger.

8. The circuit structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: A third coil is connected in parallel to the second coil, and a third switch is provided on the second communication line. The third coil is used to control whether the third switch is connected to one end of the second communication line through a magnetic field generated by the current flowing therethrough. When the third switch is closed to one end of the second communication line, the second communication line is connected between the battery manager and the connection port to transmit the battery's energy replenishment requirement information to the connection port via the second communication line.

9. The circuit structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the charging circuit, a discharge output relay is provided between the voltage converter and the connection port, a discharge negative relay is further provided between the battery and the voltage converter, and a charge negative relay is further provided between the battery and the connection port; the discharge negative relay and the charge negative relay are electrically connected to the battery manager; When the connection port returns to the energy replenishment state, the battery manager controls the charging positive relay and the charging negative relay to close, so that the energy replenishment circuit is closed and the energy replenishment task is performed; When the connection port returns to the discharge state, the battery manager controls the discharge positive relay and the discharge negative relay to close, and the charge controller controls the discharge output relay to close, so that the charging circuit is turned on to perform the charging task for the vehicle to be charged.

10. The circuit structure according to claim 1, wherein: The charging circuit also includes a heating relay; The switch ends of the heating relay are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery to be connected in series with the heating film inside the battery; The coil of the heating relay is controlled by the battery manager. When the switch of the heating relay is closed, the heating relay generates heat using the current output by the battery to heat the charging circuit.

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