Sand excavation pit slope protection structure

Abstract

The utility model discloses a sand excavation pit slope protection structure which comprises a sand excavation pit, the sand excavation pit comprises a pit bottom, a slope and a pit top, and a protection assembly is arranged on the surface of the slope. The protection assembly comprises a water-permeable cushion layer fixed to the upper surface of the side slope, hollow floor tiles which are laid on the upper surface of the water-permeable cushion layer and arranged in an array mode and are in the shape of regular hexagonal prisms, and anchor rods which are obliquely fixed to the surface of the side slope relative to the surface of the side slope. The structure is simple, pertinence is high, and the protection stability of the side slope of the sand excavation pit is improved; meanwhile, the water permeable cushion layer effectively promotes water discharge, and the pressure on the anti-seepage cloth is relieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of water conservancy slope protection devices, and more specifically, to a sand mining pit slope protection structure. Background Art

[0002] Sand mining operations often lead to unstable sand and gravel soil structures on the slopes, increasing the risk of landslides and collapses, which not only threaten the lives of workers but may also cause equipment damage and production interruptions. Secondly, exposed slopes are prone to soil erosion, affecting the stability of the surrounding ecosystem and potentially causing sediment pollution of water sources, which has a negative impact on local water quality. Therefore, effective slope protection measures can promote vegetation recovery and maintain ecological balance. At the same time, reasonable protection can reduce accidents and maintenance costs, improve production efficiency, extend the service life of the sand mining area, and ensure the sustainable exploitation of resources. Slope protection is a necessary condition to ensure the smooth progress of sand mining operations.

[0003] Chinese patent CN208136923U discloses a slope protection structure comprising an ecological blanket and several fixings. The ecological blanket is laid on the slope, covering the slope structure of the slope, and extending downward to the lower horizontal surface of the slope and upward to the upper horizontal surface of the slope. The ecological blanket is fixed to the slope by fixings.

[0004] Chinese patent CN214401831U discloses a slope protection structure comprising a lattice beam assembly and earthfill; the lattice beam assembly comprises a frame assembly and a plurality of lattice beam units located within the frame assembly; the frame assembly is arranged around the slope to be protected, the lattice beam units are spaced apart and located within the frame assembly; the frame assembly comprises a plurality of corner member units and a plurality of side member units spaced apart from the corner member units, the plurality of corner member units being spaced apart; an earthfill area is formed between adjacent lattice beam units or between the lattice beam units and the frame assembly, and the earthfill is filled in the earthfill area;

[0005] However, the slope of a sand mining pit is different from the slope of other buildings or roadsides. The physical properties of the slope of a sand mining pit are different from those of common slopes, including the relative density of sand and gravel soil, etc., and are not suitable for adding vegetation to the slope or more cumbersome protective beams or protective frames, etc. in the disclosed technical solutions. When vegetation is set on the slope of a sand mining pit, the surface of the slope of the sand mining pit in contact with the biological environment may be unfavorable for vegetation growth. At the same time, a complex protective structure may have a negative effect on the protection of the slope of the sand mining pit. Therefore, the protective structure of the slope of the sand mining pit requires a protective structure with a simple structure and a certain degree of water permeability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present application aims to provide a sand mining pit slope protection structure to solve the technical problem that the sand mining pit slope protection structure requires a protection structure with a simple structure and certain water permeability.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions adopted in this application are as follows:

[0008] A sand mining pit slope protection structure includes a sand mining pit, the sand mining pit includes a pit bottom, a slope, and a pit top, the surface of the slope is provided with a protection component, the protection component includes a permeable cushion layer fixed to the upper surface of the slope, floor tiles arranged in an array and laid on the upper surface of the permeable cushion layer, and anchor rods fixed to the surface of the slope at an angle relative to the slope surface, the floor tiles are regular polyhedral prisms with a surface opening close to the permeable cushion layer and a cavity provided therein, and the cavity is filled with gravel.

[0009] The beneficial effects of this technical solution: simplifying the slope protection structure and improving the water seepage capacity of the protection structure

[0010] A further technical solution is that the relative density of the sand and gravel on the pit top is in the range of 0.6-0.75, and the internal friction angle of the sand and gravel is in the range of 28°-32°;

[0011] The relative density of the sand and gravel of the slope is in the range of 0.7-0.85, and the internal friction angle of the sand and gravel is in the range of 30°-35°;

[0012] The relative density of the sand and gravel at the bottom of the pit is in the range of 0.85-1.0, and the internal friction angle of the sand and gravel is in the range of 35°-38°;

[0013] The slope ratio range of the slope is 1:1.5-1:2.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this technical solution are: limiting the relative density of sand and gravel at the pit top, pit bottom and slope, as well as the physical properties of the internal friction angle representing shear strength, ensuring the stability, safety and bearing capacity of the installation of the protective structure, and determining the initial infrastructure conditions for the establishment of the protective structure.

[0015] A further technical solution is that: the permeable cushion layer is permeable concrete, the coating thickness of the permeable concrete is 5-15cm, an inclined water collection pipe is buried inside the permeable cushion layer, the top of the pit is provided with a top water collection area made of permeable concrete, the water collection area is provided with a top water collection hole connected to the water collection pipe, the bottom of the pit is provided with a bottom water collection area made of concrete, the bottom water collection area is provided with a bottom water collection cavity connected to the water collection pipe, and a pumping channel connected to the bottom surface of the pit is provided above the bottom water collection cavity.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this technical solution are: improving the drainage performance of the overall structure, reducing the accumulation of water under the floor tiles, and thus reducing the risk of scouring and erosion of the soil.

[0017] A further technical solution is that: the angle between the anchor rod and the slope surface close to the pit top is an acute angle, the end of the anchor rod extending out of the slope surface is provided with a fixed connecting rod, the outer end of the anchor rod and the bottom of the connecting rod are provided on a top plate hinged to the anchor rod, and fixedly connected and staggered protective chains are provided between adjacent connecting rods, the lower surface of the top plate is in contact with the upper surface of the floor tiles, and the number of the anchor rods is much smaller than the number of floor tiles.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this technical solution are: anchor rods can more effectively resist slope sliding, provide additional anti-slip force for the slope, and improve the overall stability and protection capability of the structure.

[0019] A further technical solution is that: the sides and upper surfaces of the floor tiles are provided with a number of seepage holes arranged in an array, the edges of the floor tiles near the ends of the permeable cushion layer are provided with auxiliary seepage holes, and filling gaps are provided between the floor tiles, and the filling gaps are filled with a mixture of sand, gravel and soil.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this technical solution are as follows: the mixture of sand, gravel and soil can absorb and disperse the load from above the floor tiles to a certain extent, avoiding damage such as local settlement.

[0021] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are:

[0022] 1. This application has a simple structure and strong pertinence. Through the cooperation of multiple components, it improves the protection stability of the sand pit slope and reduces the risk of water erosion on the slope;

[0023] 2. The permeable cushion layer effectively promotes the discharge of water, reduces the pressure on the anti-seepage cloth, and improves the stability of the overall structure. It can quickly collect, guide, store and drain water, thereby effectively preventing structural damage caused by water accumulation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of this application;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the layout structure of floor tiles and anchor rods on the slope of this application;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the floor tiles of this application;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the floor tiles after flipping over in this application;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the layout structure of the water collecting pipe in the permeable cushion layer of the present application;

[0030] In the figure: 1- pit bottom; 11- bottom water collection area; 12- bottom water collection cavity; 13- pumping channel;

[0031] 2-Slope;

[0032] 3-pit top; 31-top water catchment area;

[0033] 4-protection component; 41-permeable cushion; 411-collecting pipe; 42-floor tile; 421-cavity; 422-seepage hole; 423-auxiliary seepage hole; 424-filling gap; 43-anchor rod; 431-connecting rod; 432-top plate; 433-protection chain. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present application and its application or use. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0035] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] This embodiment application discloses a sand pit slope protection structure, such as Figure 1-5 As shown, it includes a sand mining pit, which includes a pit bottom 1, a slope 2, and a pit top 3. The surface of the slope 2 is provided with a protective component 4, which includes a permeable cushion layer 41 fixed on the upper surface of the slope 2, hollow floor tiles 42 in the form of regular hexagonal prisms arranged in an array on the upper surface of the permeable cushion layer 41, and anchor rods 43 fixed on the surface of the slope 2 at an angle relative to the surface of the slope 2.

[0038] Furthermore, the floor tiles 42 are regular hexagonal prisms with an opening on the surface near the permeable cushion layer 41 and a cavity 421 therein. The cavity 421 is filled with gravel with a diameter of 5-20 mm. The side of the floor tiles 42 is provided with a plurality of seepage holes 422 arranged in an array. Auxiliary seepage holes 423 are provided at the edge of the end of the floor tiles 42 near the permeable cushion layer 41. Filling gaps 424 are provided between the floor tiles 42, and the filling gaps 424 are filled with a mixture of sand, gravel and soil.

[0039] Specifically, the gravel can not only fill the cavity 421 inside the floor tile 42, but also be used to drain the accumulated water flowing into the cavity 421 of the floor tile 42; filling the gap 424 can effectively reduce the displacement and deformation of the floor tile 42 under the influence of environmental factors such as temperature changes and humidity changes, thereby maintaining the stability of the laying of the floor tile 42; the mixture of sand and gravel and soil helps to improve the drainage performance of the overall structure, reduce the accumulation of water under the floor tile 42, and thus reduce the risk of scouring and erosion of the soil; the mixture of sand and gravel and soil can absorb and disperse the load from above the floor tile 42 to a certain extent, avoiding local settlement or damage; improving the drainage capacity of the soil of slope 2 helps to reduce the erosion effect of water on slope 2, and further increase the stability of the soil of slope 2; using a mixture of soil and sand and gravel can promote plant growth between the floor tiles 42, improve the microenvironment, and improve the ecological stability of slope 2.

[0040] Furthermore, the angle between the anchor rod 43 and the surface of the slope 2 near the pit top 3 is an acute angle. The inclined anchor rod 43 can more effectively resist the slippage of the slope 2 caused by gravity or water pressure. The inclined fixed direction can provide better anti-slip additional force. At the same time, the inclined anchor rod 43 can better adapt to the shape of the slope 2 and improve the overall stability; the inclined anchor rod 43 can form a better force angle with the soil of the slope 2, so that the anchor rod 43 can effectively transmit the shear force and tension from the slope 2, thereby improving the anchoring effect, the stability of the entire structure and the protection capability.

[0041] Furthermore, the end of the anchor rod 43 extending out of the surface of the slope 2 is provided with a fixed connecting rod 431, and the outer end of the anchor rod 43 and the lower part of the connecting rod 431 are provided with a top plate 432 hinged on the anchor rod 43, and a fixed and staggered protective chain 433 is provided between adjacent connecting rods 431. The lower surface of the top plate 432 is in contact with the upper surface of the floor tile 42, and the hinged top plate 432 can flexibly adapt to the inclination angle range of the anchor rod 43 fixed on the surface of the slope 2. Since the floor tile 42 is mainly used for paving on the permeable cushion layer 41, providing a water-permeable, beautiful and wear-resistant surface, and the anchor rod 43 is used to reinforce the slope 2, support the structure or control the displacement of the sand and gravel soil, it has the function of stability and safety. Therefore, the number of anchor rods 43 is much smaller than the number of floor tiles 42.

[0042] Furthermore, the permeable cushion layer 41 is permeable concrete, and the thickness of the permeable concrete is 5-15 cm. Because the water flow around the sand mining pit may not be large after rainfall, setting an overly thick permeable cushion layer 41 may cause water to stagnate, which is not conducive to timely drainage; in the sand mining pit environment, the soil is usually loose and mostly sandy soil or gravel. The bottom soil has a certain permeability and does not require a thick permeable cushion layer 41; at the same time, a thicker permeable cushion layer 41 will increase the load of the slope 2 soil, especially in the additional excavation area such as the sand mining pit, which may have an impact on the slope. It has a significant negative impact on the stability of slope 2, and an overly thick permeable cushion layer 41 will increase the difficulty during construction, including material transportation, compaction, and subsequent maintenance, etc., which has significant disadvantages; the 5cm to 15cm permeable cushion layer 41 of the structure of the present application is usually sufficient to meet the drainage needs of the sand mining pit, while maintaining good permeability, and can effectively guide the water flow to ensure rapid drainage. The 5cm to 15cm permeable cushion layer 41 can not only meet the drainage needs on the slope 2, but also fully consider the overall economy, construction convenience and structural stability.

[0043] Furthermore, an inclined water collecting pipe 411 is buried inside the permeable cushion layer 41, a top water collecting area 31 made of permeable concrete is provided on the top water collecting area 31, a top water collecting hole connected to the water collecting pipe 411 is provided on the top water collecting area 31, a bottom water collecting area 11 made of concrete is provided on the bottom water collecting area 11, a bottom water collecting cavity 12 connected to the water collecting pipe 411 is provided on the bottom water collecting cavity 12, a pumping channel 13 connected to the surface of the pit bottom 1 is provided above the bottom water collecting cavity 12, and the top water collecting hole can collect the top water. The water collected in the water area 31 flows through the water collecting pipe 411 and flows into the bottom water collecting chamber 12 for storage and collection of the accumulated water. At the same time, the inclined water collecting pipe 411 can reduce the accumulation of sediment in the water collecting pipe 411 and keep the drainage inside the water collecting pipe 411 unobstructed; the top water collecting area 31 provides a water collecting surface to help collect rainfall or other water sources on the top of the pit 3, and guide the water into the water collecting pipe 411 through the top water collecting hole. The permeable concrete has excellent water permeability and can quickly divert water. It is guided to the water collection pipe 411 to avoid water accumulation on the top of the pit 3 and achieve rapid water collection; at the same time, it prevents rainwater from directly eroding the soil, reduces erosion of the underlying soil, and plays a certain protective role on the lower structure of the pit bottom 1; the bottom water collection area 11 (made of concrete) can effectively concentrate the water flow from the water collection pipe 411 and provide space for subsequent pumping, thereby improving the flexibility of water flow management and collection. The concrete material provides additional structural support, can withstand a certain water pressure, and enhance the overall stability of the structure; the pumping channel 13 connects the bottom water collection chamber 12 with the outside world, and is responsible for discharging excess water accumulated in the bottom water collection chamber 12. It can quickly extract excess water in response to sudden rainfall events, keep the entire system dry, achieve timely drainage, and adjust the water level in the water collection chamber to avoid overflow caused by excessive water level and other structural damage, together forming an efficient water management system that can quickly collect, guide, store and remove water, thereby effectively preventing structural damage caused by accumulated water.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] Based on the further technical solution of Example 1, the relative density of the sand and gravel on the pit top 3 is in the range of 0.6-0.75, and the internal friction angle of the sand and gravel is in the range of 28°-32°;

[0046] The relative density of the sand and gravel in slope 2 ranges from 0.7 to 0.85, and the internal friction angle of the sand and gravel ranges from 30° to 35°;

[0047] The relative density of the sand and gravel at the bottom of pit 1 ranges from 0.85 to 1.0, and the internal friction angle of the sand and gravel ranges from 35° to 38°;

[0048] Specifically, since the slope of a sand mining pit is different from that of other buildings or roadsides, the physical properties of the slope of a sand mining pit are different from those of common slopes, including the relative density of the sand and gravel soil, etc. These physical properties will directly affect the stability and safety of the entire device. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the relative density of sand and gravel at the pit top 3, pit bottom 1 and slope 2, as well as the internal friction angle representing shear strength, because these factors directly affect the stability, safety and bearing capacity of the slope 2. The relative density reflects the compactness of the sand and gravel soil. A higher relative density usually means better anti-slip ability, which can effectively resist external loads and water pressure, and reduce the risk of disasters such as landslides. The internal friction angle is an important parameter for the material to resist shear failure and is directly related to the stability of the contact surface.

[0049] The pit bottom 1 bears the weight of the pit roof 3 and the gravel soil, so it is necessary to ensure sufficient density and shear strength. The relative density range can reflect the natural state of the gravel. Especially in excavation and dry environments, a higher relative density is reasonable for the pit bottom 1 because it bears more of the gravel soil's own weight and external loads; at the same time, a lower relative density (such as the pit roof 3) helps to identify potential risks of loose soil layers, while a higher relative density (such as the pit bottom 1) can ensure that the pit bottom 1 has sufficient bearing capacity to resist sliding and settlement.

[0050] If the relative density is lower than the value range of this application, for example, lower than 0.6, it may indicate that the sand and gravel soil particles are very loose and lack sufficient anti-slip ability, which will lead to unstable contact surface and increase the risk of landslide; at the same time, a relative density exceeding 1.0 is usually unrealistic because it means that the sand and gravel soil particles are in an ultra-dense state, which is difficult to achieve, and may cause construction difficulties and increased costs in actual construction.

[0051] Furthermore, the friction angles at different locations reflect the shear strength of the material under different conditions. The low friction angle at the top 3 of the pit is due to the looseness of the surface gravel soil, while the higher friction angle at the bottom 1 of the pit ensures the safety and stability of the structure. A friction angle below 28° may indicate that the gravel soil is extremely loose and lacks shear strength, which can seriously affect the stability of the contact surface and lead to disasters such as landslides. A friction angle exceeding 40° generally indicates that the gravel soil has reached an unrealistic strength level, which may be impossible to achieve through conventional means.

[0052] Taking into account the physical properties of the sand pit slope 2 (relative density reflects the compactness between sand and gravel particles, pore spacing, friction between sand and gravel particles, shear strength, etc.), the slope ratio of slope 2 is in the range of 1:1.5-1:2. A gentler slope ratio can disperse the upper load, reduce compressive stress, and maintain the stability of slope 2.

[0053] The relative density of the gravel material at the interface of Slope 2 is between 0.7 and 0.85, and there are gaps between the particles. This results in relatively low shear strength at the interface of Slope 2. Therefore, selecting a gentler slope ratio helps prevent instability caused by the loose structure of the gravel-soil mass. Furthermore, the internal friction angle of the gravel material at the interface of Slope 2 is between 30° and 35°, resulting in good friction between the gravel particles. Therefore, selecting a slope ratio of 1:1.5 to 1:2 ensures that the profile of Slope 2 is not too steep, fully utilizing the friction between the particles and improving the overall shear strength.

[0054] Unless the relative density and internal friction angle are significantly improved, a slope ratio that is too steep (for example, a slope ratio of 1:1) will significantly increase the risk of sliding instability, especially in the rainy season or when the soil is wet, which may lead to serious safety hazards. At the same time, a slope ratio that is too gentle (such as 1:3 or greater), although a gentle slope ratio can improve stability in some cases, may also lead to an increase in the occupied area and an increase in construction costs, and may reduce space utilization in sand mining operations, affecting production efficiency. Combined with the relative density and internal friction angle of the structure of this application, the slope ratio range of slope 2 is 1:1.5-1:2.

[0055] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and does not constitute any form of limitation to the present application. Although the present application has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present application. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments using the technical contents disclosed above without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present application. However, any brief modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present application without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present application are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. A sand pit slope protection structure, characterized by: The invention comprises a sand mining pit, wherein the sand mining pit comprises a pit bottom (1), a side slope (2), and a pit top (3); a protective component (4) is provided on the surface of the side slope (2); the protective component (4) comprises a permeable cushion layer (41) fixed on the upper surface of the side slope (2), floor tiles (42) arranged in an array and laid on the upper surface of the permeable cushion layer (41); and anchor rods (43) inserted into the side slope (2) at an angle relative to the surface of the side slope (2); the floor tiles (42) are close to the permeable cushion layer (41); the surface of the floor tiles (42) is open; the floor tiles (42) are in the shape of regular polyhedrons with a cavity (421) provided therein; and the cavity (421) is filled with stones.

2. A sand mining pit slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relative density of the sand and gravel on the pit top (3) is in the range of 0.6-0.75, and the internal friction angle of the sand and gravel is in the range of 28°-32°; The relative density of the sand and gravel of the slope (2) is in the range of 0.7-0.85, and the internal friction angle of the sand and gravel is in the range of 30°-35°; The relative density of the sand and gravel at the pit bottom (1) is in the range of 0.85-1.0, and the internal friction angle of the sand and gravel is in the range of 35°-38°; The slope ratio of the side slope (2) is in the range of 1:1.5-1:

2.

3. The sand mining pit slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The permeable cushion layer (41) is permeable concrete, and the coating thickness of the permeable concrete is 5-15 cm. An inclined water collecting pipe (411) is buried inside the permeable cushion layer (41). The pit top (3) is provided with a top water collecting area (31) made of permeable concrete, and a top water collecting hole connected to the water collecting pipe (411) is provided on the top water collecting area (31). The pit bottom (1) is provided with a bottom water collecting area (11) made of concrete, and a bottom water collecting cavity connected to the water collecting pipe (411) is provided on the bottom water collecting area (11). A pumping channel (13) connected to the surface of the pit bottom (1) is provided above the bottom water collecting cavity.

4. The sand mining pit slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the anchor rod (43) and the surface of the slope (2) close to the pit top (3) is an acute angle. The end of the anchor rod (43) extending out of the slope (2) is fixedly connected to a connecting rod (431). The outer end of the anchor rod (43) is hingedly connected to a top plate (432) below the connecting rod (431). Staggered protective chains (433) are fixedly connected between adjacent connecting rods (431). The lower surface of the top plate (432) is in contact with the upper surface of the floor tile (42).

5. A sand pit slope protection structure (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side and upper surfaces of the floor tiles (42) are provided with a plurality of seepage holes (422) arranged in an array. The edges of the floor tiles (42) close to the ends of the permeable cushion layer (41) are provided with auxiliary seepage holes (423). Filling gaps (424) are provided between the floor tiles (42), and the filling gaps (424) are filled with a mixture of sand, gravel and soil.

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