Urban underlying surface rainfall runoff simulation test system

Abstract

The utility model discloses an urban underlying surface rainfall runoff simulation test system. The system comprises a rainfall module, an underlying surface module and a water supply module, the rainfall simulation module comprises a support frame built at the upper part of the underlying surface module, a water supply pipeline and a plurality of rainfall nozzles, and the plurality of rainfall nozzles are erected on the support frame in a distributed manner and form N rainfall subareas; the lower underlying surface module comprises N movable type variable slope test grooves correspondingly distributed in the N rainfall subareas and lower underlying surface paving layers arranged in the movable type variable slope test grooves; the water supply module comprises a water supply pipeline, a booster pump and a water supply pool; and the booster water pump conveys water in the water supply pool to the rainfall pipeline and the rainfall spray head through the water supply pipeline. According to the utility model, different types of urban underlying surfaces can be conveniently arranged, rainfall and underlying surface module overflow, infiltration, deep seepage and soil water content data can be recorded, and simulation and data analysis of various rainfall scenes and rainfall runoff production processes of various urban underlying surface types of outdoor sites can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of sponge city tests, in particular to a city underlying surface rainfall runoff simulation test system. Background Art

[0002] Due to climate change and human activities, the patterns of runoff generation and runoff on urban subsurfaces are changing. With the continuous advancement of urbanization and sponge city construction, urban subsurface conditions are becoming increasingly complex. These include not only impermeable hardened surfaces such as building roofs, roads, and squares, but also permeable facilities such as parks, green spaces, green roofs, permeable pavements, and bioretention facilities. Given the increasing number and intensification of extreme rainstorms, it is necessary to measure the outflow process of rainfall on different urban subsurfaces. This will clarify the runoff generation mechanisms and runoff regulation capabilities of these subsurfaces, providing a scientific basis for urban flood control and rainwater resource utilization.

[0003] Existing technologies make it difficult to collect rainfall outflow process data on multiple underlying surfaces under the same conditions. On the one hand, it is difficult to unify the external (temperature, wind, rainfall, etc.) and internal (preliminary soil moisture content) interference factors when collecting data on multiple underlying surfaces. On the other hand, it takes a long time to collect natural rainfall outflow data on the underlying surface. The long test cycle increases the impact of experimental interference factors and reduces the reliability of the data.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a rainfall runoff simulation test system that can quickly and effectively measure the rainfall outflow process on different underlying surfaces in a city is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0005] In response to the above research status and existing problems, the utility model provides an urban underlying surface rainfall runoff simulation test system, which is convenient for setting up different types of urban underlying surfaces and realizing the simulation of rainfall runoff processes of various rainfall scenarios and various urban underlying surface types in outdoor venues.

[0006] The utility model provides an urban underlying surface rainfall runoff simulation test system, comprising: a rainfall simulation module, an underlying surface module and a water supply module; wherein,

[0007] The rainfall simulation module includes: a support frame, a rainfall pipe and a rainfall sprinkler built on the top of the underlying surface module; a plurality of rainfall sprinklers are distributedly installed on the support frame to form N rainfall zones, where N is greater than or equal to 2;

[0008] The underlying surface module includes N mobile variable slope test troughs correspondingly distributed in N rainfall zones and underlying surface pavement layers arranged in the mobile variable slope test troughs; a hydraulic lifting device is provided on one side of the bottom of the mobile variable slope test trough, an overflow port is provided on the side of the trough near the top, a lower seepage port is provided on the side of the trough near the bottom, and a water inlet is provided on the side of the trough with the hydraulic lifting device; N different types of underlying surface pavement layers are arranged in the corresponding mobile variable slope test troughs;

[0009] The water supply module includes a water supply pipeline, a booster water pump and a water supply pool; the booster water pump transports the water in the water supply pool to the rainfall pipeline and rainfall nozzle through the water supply pipeline.

[0010] Preferably, the rainfall simulation module also includes: the rainfall nozzle is connected to the water supply pool through a water supply pipeline and a booster water pump, and a pressure gauge and a solenoid valve are provided on the water supply pipeline; N rain gauges are installed on the support frame, each of the rain gauges is located below the corresponding rainfall partition, and the distance from the center position of the rainfall partition is less than a set distance range, and is used to provide real-time feedback on the rainfall intensity and rainfall amount of the rainfall partition.

[0011] Preferably, the plurality of rainfall nozzles include rainfall nozzles with a plurality of different apertures.

[0012] Preferably, a push-pull waterproof cloth canopy is provided around the periphery of the support frame.

[0013] Preferably, the trough body includes a slope-changing frame and enclosures assembled on the side and bottom surfaces of the slope-changing frame;

[0014] The hydraulic lifting device is installed on one side of the bottom of the slope changing frame;

[0015] An overflow port is provided on one side of the tank body at a position less than a specified height range from the top end of the enclosure plate, and the overflow port is connected to the tipping bucket flow meter through an overflow collection pipe;

[0016] A lower seepage outlet is provided on one side of the trough body at a height range less than a specified height from the bottom end. The lower seepage outlet is connected to the water collecting trough through a lower seepage flow collection pipe, and the water collecting trough is connected to the drainage ditch.

[0017] Preferably, a triangular weir is provided inside one end of the water collecting trough connected to the lower seepage flow collection pipe, and a drainage pipe is provided on one side of the outflow of the triangular weir in the water collecting trough, and the drainage pipe is connected to the drainage ditch.

[0018] Preferably, a water level gauge is installed on the inner surface of one side of the water collecting tank.

[0019] Preferably, the N underlying surface pavement layers include any N groups of the following:

[0020] The underlying pavement layer of the green roof includes a drainage layer, a permeable geotextile, a matrix layer, and a vegetation layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top, the overflow port is located at the height of the vegetation layer, and the lower seepage port is located at the height of the drainage layer;

[0021] The permeable pavement sub-surface paving layer includes a permeable geotextile layer 1, a cushion layer, a base layer, a permeable geotextile layer 2, a leveling layer and a surface layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top, the overflow port is located at a height above the surface layer, and the lower seepage outlet is located at a height position of the cushion layer;

[0022] The bioretention cushion surface pavement layer includes a permeable geotextile layer 1, a gravel layer, a permeable geotextile layer 2, a filler layer and an aquifer layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top. The overflow port is located at the height of the aquifer layer, and the lower seepage port is located at the height of the gravel layer.

[0023] Preferably, a soil moisture sensor is buried inside the underlying surface pavement layer.

[0024] Preferably, a drainage module is also included, which includes: N drainage partitions arranged on the ground, the drainage partitions correspond to the positions of the rainfall partitions, and the underlying surface module is located inside the drainage partitions; drainage ditches are provided around the inner edges of the drainage partitions, the surfaces of the drainage ditches are covered with drainage grates, and the drainage ditches are connected to the external environment.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The utility model can quickly and effectively measure the rainfall outflow process of different underlying surfaces in the city, provide rainfall of various rainfall intensities and amounts through the rainfall simulation module, set different types of urban underlying surfaces in the underlying surface module, combine soil moisture monitoring and outflow collection, realize the simulation of rainfall runoff process of various rainfall scenarios and various underlying surface types in outdoor venues, and clarify the rainfall runoff generation mechanism and runoff regulation capacity of different underlying surfaces in the city based on the system monitoring data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without inventive effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a composition framework diagram of the urban underlying surface rainfall runoff simulation test system provided by the embodiment of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 2This is a structural diagram of an urban underlying surface rainfall runoff simulation test system provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the drainage structure of a mobile variable slope test trough provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the underlying pavement layer of a green roof provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the permeable paving underlying surface provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the bioretention pad surface pavement layer provided by an embodiment of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] The following is combined with Figure 1-6 The application principle of the utility model is described in detail.

[0036] An urban surface rainfall runoff simulation test system according to an embodiment of the present invention can simulate minute-level surface runoff data (overflow monitoring at overflow outlet 24), soil moisture infiltration data (soil moisture monitoring module 3), and deep seepage data (outflow monitoring at drain outlet 27) of underlying surfaces such as green roofs, permeable pavement, and bioretention facilities under different rainfall intensities or rainfall amounts, thereby clarifying the rainfall infiltration and surface runoff of different urban underlying surfaces.

[0037] like Figure 1-2 As shown, this embodiment provides a rainfall simulation module, a surface module 2 and a water supply module 51 of an urban underlying surface rainfall runoff simulation test system; wherein,

[0038] The rainfall simulation module includes: a support frame 15 built on the top of the underlying surface module 2, a rainfall pipeline and a rainfall nozzle; a plurality of rainfall nozzles 13 are distributed and installed on the support frame 15 to form N rainfall zones 16, N ≥ 2;

[0039] The underlying surface module 2 includes N mobile variable slope test troughs 21 distributed correspondingly in the N rainfall zones 16 and an underlying surface pavement layer 22 arranged in the mobile variable slope test troughs 21. A hydraulic lifting device 26 is provided on one side of the bottom of the trough body 28 of the mobile variable slope test trough 21. An overflow port 24 is provided on the side of the trough body 28 near the top. A lower seepage port 25 is provided near the bottom of the trough body 28. A water inlet is provided on the side of the trough body 28 where the hydraulic lifting device 26 is provided. N different types of underlying surface pavement layers 22 are arranged in the corresponding mobile variable slope test troughs 21.

[0040] The water supply module 51 includes a water supply pipeline, a booster water pump and a water supply tank; the booster water pump transports the water in the water supply tank to the rainfall pipeline and rainfall nozzle through the water supply pipeline.

[0041] In one embodiment, the water supply module 51 further includes a filtering, softening and purifying water device 20 , and the water supply source enters the underground water supply pool 19 after being processed by the filtering, softening and purifying water device 20 .

[0042] In one embodiment, the rainfall simulation module also includes: the rainfall nozzle 13 is connected to the water supply pool 19 through the water supply pipeline 58 and the booster pump 60, and the water supply pipeline 58 is provided with a pressure gauge and a solenoid valve; N rain gauges are installed on the support frame, and each rain gauge 11 is located below the corresponding rainfall partition 16, and the distance from the center position of the rainfall partition 16 is less than the set distance range, which is used to provide real-time feedback on the rainfall intensity and rainfall amount of the rainfall partition 16.

[0043] In one embodiment, the plurality of rainfall nozzles 13 include rainfall nozzles 13 with a plurality of different apertures.

[0044] In one embodiment, a push-pull waterproof canvas shed is provided around the outer periphery of the support frame 15, and the entire rainfall hall is covered by the push-pull waterproof canvas shed, which can block the wind during the test and reduce the interference of wind on rainfall.

[0045] The specific implementation process of the rainfall module includes:

[0046] The water supply pipeline 58 and rainfall sprinklers 13 are installed on a 6-meter-high rainfall hall support frame 15. The support frame 15 is made of steel and can be set to a height of 6 meters. The rainfall hall is divided into four rainfall zones 16, each of which is equipped with three rows of rainfall sprinklers 13, totaling 12 groups. Using pressure-type rotating downspout sprinklers, the uniformity of raindrop shape is similar to that of natural rainfall, which can fully cover the rainfall area under certain wind conditions. Each group of rainfall sprinklers 13 includes three types of apertures: 1.0, 1.5, and 2.5 mm. This allows for a variety of rainfall modes with intensities ranging from light rain to moderate rain and heavy rain, ranging from 10 to 360 mm / h, making the simulated rainfall closer to natural rainfall.

[0047] Each rainfall zone 16 is equipped with a rain gauge 11, which is connected to a control console 14 and a computer, providing real-time feedback and correction of artificial rainfall simulation data. The artificial rainfall control system 17 controls rainfall volume and intensity by manipulating water supply pipe pressure and valve opening. A combination of sprinkler nozzles 13 with varying apertures achieves continuous rainfall at intensities ranging from 10 to 360 mm / h. After the rainfall period ends, the data acquisition and processing system 18 displays real-time and historical rainfall intensity and rainfall process lines.

[0048] The artificial rainfall module 1's water supply system 12 draws groundwater from underground, processes it through a filtration, softening, and purification device 20, and then stores the test water in an underground water supply tank 19. The tank's volume is designed to accommodate one hour of continuous rainfall at maximum intensity. Before each test, the system automatically fills to the maximum water level after power is turned on. A booster pump 60 delivers the purified water from the water supply tank 58 to the rainfall pipes and rainfall nozzles 12 above the steel support frame.

[0049] In one embodiment, a drainage module 52 is also included. This module comprises a drainage section 53 positioned on the ground, corresponding to the rainfall section 16. The underlying surface module 2 is located within the drainage section 53. Drainage grooves 56 are provided along the perimeter of the drainage section 53. These grooves are covered with drainage grates 57 and connected to the external environment. Rainfall outside the test trough and outflow from the test trough are gravity-fed into the drainage grooves, which are then discharged into the green garden surrounding the test site.

[0050] In one embodiment, the water supply module 51 and the drainage module 52 are integrated to form a water supply and drainage module 5, and a drainage pipe 46 is provided on the side of the outflow of the triangular weir 44 in the water collection tank 43, and the drainage pipe 46 is connected to the drainage ditch 56; a triangular weir 44 is provided inside the end of the water collection tank 43 connected to the downward seepage flow collection pipe.

[0051] In this embodiment, a water level gauge is installed on the inner surface of one side of the water collecting tank 43.

[0052] In one embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, the tank body 28 includes a PVC test tank and a slope-changing steel frame; the PVC test tank is arranged in the slope-changing steel frame;

[0053] The hydraulic lifting device 26 is installed on one side of the bottom of the slope-changing steel frame;

[0054] The tank body 28 is raised and an overflow port 24 is set at a position where the distance from the top of the PVC test tank enclosure on the opposite side is less than the specified height range. The overflow port 24 is connected to the tipping bucket flow meter 45 through the overflow collection pipe;

[0055] The trough body 28 is raised to set a lower seepage outlet 25 at a height less than the specified range from the bottom of the PVC test trough enclosure on the opposite side. The lower seepage outlet 25 is connected to the water collection tank 43 through the lower seepage flow collection pipe, and the water collection tank 43 is connected to the drainage ditch 56.

[0056] The specific implementation process of the mobile variable slope test trough 21 includes:

[0057] The trough body 28 of the mobile variable slope test trough 21 is composed of corrosion-resistant, heat-insulating hard PVC boards and a mobile hydraulic variable slope steel frame. The trough body 28 is an uncovered rectangular structure. The length of the trough body 28 is greater than the width, which provides space for the runoff to fully infiltrate and gather at the outlet. The PVC board can effectively reduce the impact of high temperatures in summer on plants, can play a certain role in heat preservation in winter, and can adapt to the thermal expansion and contraction effects of soil due to temperature changes. The trough body 28 is a steel frame structure, which plays the role of supporting and changing the slope of the trough body 28. The bottom is equipped with universal wheels, which can be moved to the appropriate rainfall partition 16, and the inclination slope of the test trough can be adjusted through the hydraulic device at the bottom. It is used to simulate and analyze the influence of the underlying surface slope on the rainfall infiltration and runoff process, and provide a reference for whether it is possible to increase rainfall infiltration, reduce surface runoff, and improve the utilization rate of rainwater resources by increasing the underlying surface slope in engineering practice.

[0058] like Figure 3 As shown, an overflow port 24 is provided on one side of the trough 28, a distance from the top. This overflow port connects to a flow guide pipe 23 and a tipping bucket flowmeter 45. The tipping bucket flowmeter 45 is inexpensive and accurate, allowing for continuous measurement of large water volumes and collecting and recording surface runoff from various underlying surfaces. A drain outlet 27 is provided at the bottom of the trough, allowing the seepage flow to drain into a sump 43, where it is then discharged into the drainage system through a triangular weir 44 on one side of the sump 43.

[0059] In one embodiment, the mobile variable slope test trough 21 includes a bucket flow meter 45 connected to the overflow port 24 to record the overflow process data of the underlying surface in real time, and a water level gauge 47 installed on the inner surface of the enclosure on one side of the trough body 28 to record the change process of the outflow water level. The water flows through the triangular weir 44 into the drain pipe 46 and then into the drainage ditch 56.

[0060] In this embodiment, the outflow monitoring module 4 includes an outflow collection device 41 and an outflow monitoring device 42. The outflow collection device 41 includes a water collection trough 43, a triangular weir 44 and a drain pipe 46; the outflow monitoring device 42 includes a water level gauge 47, which can be a pressure water level gauge 47.

[0061] In one embodiment, the N underlying surface pavement layers 22 include any N groups of the following:

[0062] The green roof underlying surface pavement layer 22 includes a drainage layer 2211, a permeable geotextile 2212, a matrix layer 2213, and a vegetation layer 2214 arranged in sequence from bottom to top. The overflow port 24 is located at the height of the vegetation layer, and the lower seepage port 25 is located at the height of the drainage layer.

[0063] The permeable paving subsurface paving layer 22 includes a permeable geotextile layer 1 2221, a cushion layer 2222, a base layer 2223, a permeable geotextile layer 2224, a leveling layer 2225 and a surface layer 2226 arranged in sequence from bottom to top. The overflow port 24 is located at a height above the surface layer, and the lower seepage outlet 25 is located at a height of the cushion layer.

[0064] The bioretention cushion surface pavement layer 22 includes a permeable geotextile layer 1 2231, a gravel layer 2232, a permeable geotextile layer 2233, a filler layer 2234 and an aquifer 2235 arranged in sequence from bottom to top. The overflow port 24 is located at the height of the aquifer, and the lower seepage port 25 is located at the height of the gravel layer.

[0065] It should be noted that the underlying surface pavement layer 22 can be laid according to the desired type of underlying surface pavement layer 22 selected for the purpose of the test.

[0066] In this embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, the matrix layer of the green roof underlying surface pavement layer 22 is made of garden soil. Garden soil, peat and vermiculite are mixed in a certain proportion to form an improved soil filler, which is laid on a permeable geotextile. The drainage layer is paved with plastic concave-convex drainage boards. The bottom of the trough and the drain outlet 27 are covered with a layer of permeable geotextile. The geotextile is mainly used to filter the sand and soil washed out by the test to avoid clogging the drain outlet 27. Common plants such as Sedum are planted in the vegetation layer with a planting density of 100% covering the matrix layer. The matrix layer filler, plant type and plant planting density can all be changed according to the actual underlying surface conditions. The green roof test trough is shown in FIG. Figure 4 shown.

[0067] In this embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, the permeable pavement sub-surface paving layer 22 is covered with a layer of permeable geotextile from the bottom of the test trough to the drain outlet 27 to filter sand and gravel that may block the drain outlet 27. The permeable pavement base and cushion layer are filled with graded gravel with gradually decreasing particle size from top to bottom, and the upper layer is covered with a layer of permeable geotextile. The geotextile is filled with medium sand for surface material and graded gravel for leveling. The surface layer is made of permeable asphalt, permeable concrete, or permeable bricks. The surface layer can be made of materials with different permeabilities or materials according to the actual situation of the underlying surface. The permeable pavement test trough is shown in the figure below. Figure 5 shown.

[0068] In this embodiment, Figure 6As shown, the bioretention padding surface paving layer 22 is covered with a layer of permeable geotextile from the bottom of the test tank to the drain outlet 27 to filter sand and gravel that may block the drain outlet 27. The gravel layer is filled with crushed stone with a particle size of 10-30mm, and a permeable geotextile is laid on it to prevent the soil loss of the filler layer from blocking the drainage of the gravel layer. The filler layer is made of peat soil, vermiculite, garden soil, coarse sand, etc., which are evenly mixed in a certain proportion. Among them, fillers with certain fertility but not easy to precipitate pollutants can be selected according to the actual situation of the underlying surface. Plants with well-developed root systems, waterlogging resistance, drought resistance, decontamination, and easy to manage in an extensive manner are planted in the aquifer, such as iris, broad-leaved ophiopogon, loosestrife, etc. Figure 6 shown.

[0069] In one embodiment, the mobile variable-slope test trough 21 is equipped with a soil moisture monitoring module 3. This module includes a soil moisture monitor 31 embedded within each test trough, for example, at the mid-height of the substrate layer and near the left and right ends. The test assumes that the soil moisture content of the substrate layer does not change with depth, and the measured value represents the moisture content of the entire substrate layer. Furthermore, the soil moisture monitor 31 is used to monitor the soil moisture changes in the underlying substrate layer over a long period of time. Soil moisture data is read in real time via a data collection cloud platform. Each test is initiated only when the initial volumetric moisture content of the filler matches the initial set value. This device helps ensure consistency in pre-experimental conditions.

[0070] In one embodiment, when the underlying surface module is a bioretention facility, the underlying surface receives runoff from other impervious surfaces in addition to rainfall. This water inflow includes not only artificial rainfall input but also water supplied by a water tower 55, simulating the inflow of runoff from impervious surfaces such as roofs and roads into the bioretention facility. Water from water tower 55 is pumped at a constant rate by a peristaltic pump 59, such as an industrial high-flow peristaltic pump, according to the calculated water supply corresponding to the designed rainfall. After treatment by a water purification and softening device 54, water is then pumped at a constant rate from the elevated side of the test tank into the bioretention facility through a pump pipe, simulating the effect of rainwater from roofs or other impervious surfaces draining into the bioretention facility through downspouts.

[0071] The specific workflow of the embodiment of the present invention is given below:

[0072] Step 1: Test the rainfall uniformity and accuracy of the artificial rainfall system, level the rain gauge 11 and the tipping bucket flow meter 45, and test whether the measurement accuracy of the flow meter, rain gauge 11, water level gauge and soil moisture monitor 31 meets the requirements.

[0073] Step 2: Check whether the artificial rainfall nozzles 13 can spray water normally, check whether the computer and data acquisition system are connected properly, and check whether the data acquisition system signals and data transmission functions of the flow meter, rain gauge 11, liquid level gauge, soil moisture monitor 31, etc. are normal. Verify whether the soil moisture content of the underlying surface is consistent with the initial soil moisture content. Start the test when the underlying surface condition is basically consistent.

[0074] Step 3: Calculate the test rainfall intensity or rainfall amount, and calculate the water intake required for the underlying surface module 2 corresponding to the rainfall intensity.

[0075] Step 4: Turn on the water supply systems in the rainfall hall and underlying surface module 2, and automatically fill the test tank with water until the test water volume is met. Adjust the test tank to the desired slope. Set the peristaltic pump speed and flow rate, among other parameters.

[0076] Step 5: By setting parameters such as rainfall duration, rainfall intensity, and rainfall amount, adjust the valve opening of the artificial rainfall simulation system and the pressure of the water supply pipe, turn on the artificial rainfall switch, and connect the computer to read and collect minute-level rainfall data in real time.

[0077] Step 6: Log in to the data information cloud platform with a computer to read and record minute-level underlying surface soil moisture data, overflow data, and seepage flow data in real time.

[0078] Step 7: When the rainfall reaches the set time, the artificial rainfall system automatically stops rainfall and the peristaltic pump water supply device stops running.

[0079] Step 8: Continue to record the underlying surface soil moisture data, overflow data, and seepage flow data until the test system basically stops seepage flow.

[0080] The urban underlying surface rainfall runoff simulation test system proposed in the utility model provides hardware equipment support for executing the above steps, and assists in realizing accurate monitoring of rainfall runoff simulation tests on different urban underlying surfaces.

[0081] The above is a detailed introduction to the urban underlying surface rainfall runoff simulation test system provided by the utility model. This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the utility model. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of the utility model; at the same time, for general technical personnel in this field, based on the idea of the utility model, there will be changes in the specific implementation method and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the utility model.

[0082] In this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus comprising the element.

Claims

1. An urban underlying surface rainfall runoff simulation test system, characterized in that: include: Rainfall simulation module, underlying surface module and water supply module; among them, The rainfall simulation module includes: a support frame, a rainfall pipe and a rainfall sprinkler built on the top of the underlying surface module; a plurality of rainfall sprinklers are distributedly installed on the support frame to form N rainfall zones, where N is greater than or equal to 2; The underlying surface module includes N mobile variable slope test troughs correspondingly distributed in N rainfall zones and an underlying surface pavement layer arranged in the mobile variable slope test trough; a hydraulic lifting device is provided on one side of the bottom of the trough body of the mobile variable slope test trough, an overflow port is provided on the side of the trough body near the top, and a lower seepage port is provided on the trough body near the bottom; N different types of underlying surface pavement layers are arranged in the corresponding mobile variable slope test troughs; the overflow port is connected to a tipping bucket flow meter through an overflow collection pipe; the lower seepage port is connected to a water collection tank through a lower seepage collection pipe, and a water level gauge is installed on the inner surface of one side of the water collection tank; The water supply module includes a water supply pipeline, a booster water pump and a water supply pool; the booster water pump transports the water in the water supply pool to the rainfall pipeline and rainfall nozzle through the water supply pipeline.

2. The urban underlying surface rainfall runoff simulation test system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rainfall simulation module also includes: a rainfall nozzle connected to a water supply tank through a water supply pipeline and a booster water pump, and a pressure gauge and a solenoid valve are provided on the water supply pipeline; N rain gauges are installed on the support frame, and each rain gauge is located below the corresponding rainfall partition and is less than a set distance range from the center position of the rainfall partition.

3. The urban underlying surface rainfall runoff simulation test system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The plurality of rainfall nozzles include a plurality of rainfall nozzles with different apertures.

4. The urban underlying surface rainfall runoff simulation test system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outer periphery of the support frame is surrounded by a push-pull waterproof cloth shed.

5. The urban underlying surface rainfall runoff simulation test system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The trough body includes a slope-changing frame and enclosures assembled on the side and bottom surfaces of the slope-changing frame; The hydraulic lifting device is installed on one side of the bottom of the slope changing frame; An overflow outlet is provided at a position where the enclosure plate on one side of the tank is less than a specified height range from the top end; A lower seepage outlet is provided on one side of the trough body at a height range less than a specified height from the bottom end. The lower seepage outlet is connected to the water collecting trough through a lower seepage flow collection pipe, and the water collecting trough is connected to the drainage ditch.

6. The urban underlying surface rainfall runoff simulation test system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A triangular weir is provided inside one end of the water collecting trough connected to the lower seepage flow collection pipe, and a drainage pipe is provided on one side of the outflow of the triangular weir in the water collecting trough, and the drainage pipe is connected to the drainage ditch.

7. The urban underlying surface rainfall runoff simulation test system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The N underlying surface pavement layers include any N groups of the following: The underlying pavement layer of the green roof includes a drainage layer, a permeable geotextile, a matrix layer, and a vegetation layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top, the overflow port is located at the height of the vegetation layer, and the lower seepage port is located at the height of the drainage layer; The permeable pavement sub-surface paving layer includes a permeable geotextile layer 1, a cushion layer, a base layer, a permeable geotextile layer 2, a leveling layer and a surface layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top, the overflow port is located at a height above the surface layer, and the lower seepage outlet is located at a height position of the cushion layer; The bioretention cushion surface pavement layer includes a permeable geotextile layer 1, a gravel layer, a permeable geotextile layer 2, a filler layer and an aquifer layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top. The overflow port is located at the height of the aquifer layer, and the lower seepage port is located at the height of the gravel layer.

8. The urban underlying surface rainfall runoff simulation test system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A soil moisture sensor is buried inside the underlying surface pavement layer.

9. The urban underlying surface rainfall runoff simulation test system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a drainage module, which includes: N drainage partitions set on the ground, the drainage partitions correspond to the positions of the rainfall partitions, and the underlying surface module is located inside the drainage partitions; drainage ditches are provided around the inner edge of the drainage partitions, the surface of the drainage ditches is covered with drainage grates, and the drainage ditches are connected to the external environment.

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