Photovoltaic module

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of photovoltaic technology. The utility model discloses a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module comprises a front-layer substrate, a front packaging layer, a battery piece layer, a rear packaging layer and a rear-layer substrate which are stacked in sequence, the front packaging layer sequentially comprises a first adhesive film layer, a first fireproof layer and a second adhesive film layer, the second adhesive film layer is arranged on the side, close to the battery piece layer, of the first fireproof layer, and the first fireproof layer is made of a flame-retardant material; the rear-layer substrate comprises a reinforcing layer and a second fireproof layer, the second fireproof layer is arranged on the side, away from the rear packaging layer, of the reinforcing layer, and the second fireproof layer is made of a non-combustible material. The photovoltaic module provided by the utility model has relatively low weight and relatively high strength, and is good in fireproof and flame-retardant performance and high in safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular relates to a photovoltaic module. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing popularity of photovoltaic modules, they are finding a growing market in applications such as rooftop photovoltaics, balcony photovoltaics, and portable photovoltaics. However, traditional photovoltaic modules are typically made of glass for their front and back panels. Glass has poor flexibility and significantly increases the weight of the modules, making them unsuitable for applications with low load-bearing capacity.

[0003] To reduce the weight of the modules, polymer materials are often used instead of glass as the front or back panels of photovoltaic modules in related technologies. However, in the process of implementing the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the applicant discovered that the above-mentioned technologies have at least the following technical problems:

[0004] Conventional polymer front and back sheets, while lightweight, have poor fire retardancy, making it difficult to guarantee the safety of photovoltaic modules. Furthermore, conventional polymer back sheets are less strong than glass, making them incapable of providing reliable support and protection for photovoltaic modules. Utility Model Content

[0005] The embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic module, which has low weight and high strength, good fire retardant performance, and high safety.

[0006] An embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic module, which includes a front substrate, a front packaging layer, a battery cell layer, a rear packaging layer and a rear substrate stacked in sequence; the front packaging layer includes a first film layer, a first fireproof layer and a second film layer in sequence, the second film layer is arranged on the side of the first fireproof layer close to the battery cell layer, and the first fireproof layer is made of a flame-retardant material; the rear substrate includes a reinforcement layer and a second fireproof layer, the second fireproof layer is arranged on the side of the reinforcement layer away from the rear packaging layer, and the second fireproof layer is made of a non-combustible material.

[0007] Furthermore, the melting point of the front substrate is greater than or equal to 200°C.

[0008] Furthermore, the flame retardant grade of the first adhesive film layer and / or the second adhesive film layer is V-0 flame retardant grade.

[0009] Furthermore, the first fireproof layer includes a fireproof fiber layer; the fireproof fiber layer includes glass fiber, the diameter of the single fiber in the fireproof fiber layer is 5-15 μm, the length of the single fiber is 20-200 mm, and the weight of the fireproof fiber layer is 200-500 g / m 2 .

[0010] Furthermore, the strength of the reinforcement layer is greater than or equal to 180 MPa; the reinforcement layer includes reinforcement fibers and at least a resin distributed in the reinforcement fibers.

[0011] Furthermore, the resin is one of polypropylene resin, epoxy resin or polyurethane resin; the reinforcing fiber includes at least two layers of glass fiber, in which the monofilament fiber diameter is 5-15 μm, the monofilament fiber length is 20-200 μm, and the gram weight of the glass fiber layer is 100-300 g / m 2 .

[0012] Furthermore, the first fireproof layer includes a fireproof fiber layer; the reinforcement layer includes reinforcement fibers and at least a resin distributed in the reinforcement fibers; the gram weight of a single layer of fibers in the fireproof fiber layer is greater than or equal to the gram weight of a single layer of fibers in the reinforcement fibers, and the number of fiber layers of the reinforcement fibers is greater than the number of fiber layers in the fireproof fiber layer.

[0013] Furthermore, the second fireproof layer is a metal foil layer, the metal foil layer includes a metal foil or alloy foil of at least one element selected from copper, aluminum, iron or chromium, and the thickness of the second fireproof layer is 10-100 μm.

[0014] Furthermore, an adhesive layer is provided between the second fireproof layer and the reinforcement layer.

[0015] Furthermore, the transmittance of the front substrate to light from 400nm to 1100nm is greater than or equal to 80%, the cutoff rate of the front substrate to light from 280nm to 400nm is greater than or equal to 95%, and the transmittance of the first fireproof layer to light from 400nm to 1100nm is greater than or equal to 85%.

[0016] One or more technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The embodiment of the present application uses a polymer material as the front substrate of the photovoltaic module, which can reduce the weight of the photovoltaic module. At the same time, a first fireproof layer is set in the front packaging layer, which can increase the fire retardant ability of the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module when a polymer front substrate is used, thereby improving the installation performance of the photovoltaic module.

[0018] The embodiment of the present application improves the strength of the rear substrate and enhances the support and protection capabilities of the rear substrate by providing a reinforcement layer in the rear substrate. At the same time, a second fireproof layer is provided in the rear substrate, which greatly improves the fireproof and flame-retardant capabilities of the backlight side of the photovoltaic module, further improving the safety performance of the photovoltaic module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a photovoltaic module in one embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the front encapsulation layer in one embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a rear substrate in one embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a rear substrate in another embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a photovoltaic module in another embodiment of the present application.

[0024] In the figure: photovoltaic module 100, front substrate 11, front encapsulation layer 12, first adhesive film layer 121, first fireproof layer 122, second adhesive film layer 123, battery cell layer 13, rear encapsulation layer 14, rear substrate 15, reinforcement layer 151, second fireproof layer 152, adhesive layer 153. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the specific implementation of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the implementation of the present application.

[0026] The present application provides an embodiment of Figure 1A photovoltaic module 100 is shown, which includes a front substrate 11, a front encapsulation layer 12, a cell layer 13, a rear encapsulation layer 14, and a rear substrate 15 stacked in sequence. The front substrate 11 is arranged on the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module 100. Light passes through the front substrate 11 and illuminates the front surface of the cell layer 13, undergoing a photoelectric conversion process to generate electrical energy. The front substrate 11 needs to have good transparency to ensure that light can pass through the front substrate 11 and be utilized by the cell layer 13. In order to apply the photovoltaic module 100 to photovoltaic systems such as rooftop photovoltaics, balcony photovoltaics, and portable photovoltaics, the front substrate 11 needs to be lightweight to reduce the overall weight of the photovoltaic module 100. The front substrate 11 also needs to have a certain strength to protect the cell layer 13 and improve the overall reliability and service life of the photovoltaic module 100. The front encapsulation layer 12 is used to bond the front substrate 11 and the cell layer 13, making the structure of the photovoltaic module 100 more stable. The front encapsulation layer 12 needs to have good water vapor barrier properties and oxygen barrier properties, and needs to be able to reduce the erosion of water vapor and oxygen on the cell layer 13, thereby increasing the service life of the photovoltaic module 100. The cell layer 13 is used for photoelectric conversion to convert light energy into electrical energy. The rear encapsulation layer 14 is used to bond the rear substrate 15 and the cell layer 13 to improve the structural stability of the photovoltaic module 100. The rear encapsulation layer 14 needs to have good water vapor barrier properties and oxygen barrier properties, and needs to be able to reduce the erosion of water vapor and oxygen on the cell layer 13, thereby increasing the service life of the photovoltaic module 100. The rear substrate 15 is provided on the backlight side of the photovoltaic module 100. The rear substrate 15 must have high strength to support and protect the cell layer 13. As Figure 2 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the front encapsulation layer 12 of the photovoltaic module 100 includes a first adhesive film layer 121, a first fireproof layer 122 and a second adhesive film layer 123 in sequence. The first fireproof layer 122 provides the front encapsulation layer 12 with the main fireproof and flame retardant capabilities. Specifically, the first fireproof layer 122 is a flame retardant material (according to the flame retardant material class B in the GB / T 8624 standard), which can provide reliable fireproof and flame retardant capabilities for the photovoltaic module. The first adhesive film layer 121 is located between the first fireproof layer 122 and the front substrate 11, and plays a bonding role, which can improve the weather resistance, barrier and other properties of the front encapsulation layer 12. The second adhesive film layer 123 is located between the first fireproof layer 122 and the battery cell layer 13, giving the front encapsulation layer 12 and the battery cell layer 13 bonding ability, and the second adhesive film layer 123 can improve the weather resistance, barrier and other properties of the front encapsulation layer 12. The front substrate 11 of the photovoltaic module 100 can be made of polymer materials. The polymer material front substrate 11 has advantages such as light weight and can reduce the overall weight of the photovoltaic module 100. The front encapsulation layer 12 in the photovoltaic module 100 has good fire retardant properties and can improve the safety of the photovoltaic module 100. Figure 3As shown, the rear substrate 15 includes a reinforcement layer 151 and a second fireproof layer 152. The second fireproof layer 152 is provided on the side of the reinforcement layer 151 away from the rear encapsulation layer 14, and the second fireproof layer 152 is a non-combustible material (according to the non-combustible material grade A in the GB / T 8624 standard). The reinforcement layer 151 is used to improve the mechanical strength of the rear substrate 15; the second fireproof layer 152 is used to improve the fire retardant ability of the back side of the cell layer 13. The photovoltaic module 100 in the embodiment of the present application adopts the reinforcement layer 151 and the second fireproof layer 152 to replace the traditional photovoltaic glass or the traditional polymer backboard, which reduces the weight of the photovoltaic module 100, and the rear substrate 15 composed of the reinforcement layer 151 and the second fireproof layer 152 has the advantages of good physical protection performance, good fireproof performance and barrier performance, which can improve the reliability of the photovoltaic module 100. In the embodiment of the present application, neither the front substrate 11 nor the rear substrate 15 adopts photovoltaic glass, which greatly reduces the weight of the photovoltaic module 100 and achieves the purpose of lightweighting the photovoltaic module 100. The first fireproof layer 122 and the second fireproof layer 152 ensure that both sides of the photovoltaic module 100 have good fireproof and flame-retardant properties, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0027] As an optional embodiment, the melting point of the front substrate 11 is greater than or equal to 200°C. The higher melting point of the front substrate 11 provides better fire retardancy, further enhancing the safety of the photovoltaic module 100. Furthermore, the higher melting point of the front substrate 11 allows it to maintain a relatively intact shape in high-temperature environments and is less susceptible to deformation, thereby improving the structural stability of the photovoltaic module 100. The higher melting point of the front substrate 11 also ensures sufficient strength at higher temperatures, enabling it to provide reliable protection for the photovoltaic module 100 even at higher temperatures.

[0028] As an optional embodiment, the front substrate 11 may include a UV blocking layer that blocks ultraviolet rays, reducing damage to the front encapsulation layer 12 and the cell layer 13. Preferably, the front substrate 11 has a UV cutoff rate greater than or equal to 95%. This high UV cutoff rate absorbs a significant portion of the ultraviolet rays, effectively reducing damage to the front encapsulation layer 12 and the cell layer 13, and thereby extending the service life of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0029] As an optional embodiment, the first film layer 121 and / or the second film layer 123 have a flame retardancy rating of V-0 (according to the UL-94 standard). The first film layer 121 is disposed on the side of the first fireproof layer 122 close to the front substrate 11. The first film layer 121 and / or the second film layer 123 have excellent fire retardancy and flame retardancy, which can assist the first fireproof layer 122 in improving the overall fire retardancy of the front encapsulation layer 12, thereby improving the safety of the photovoltaic module 100. The first film layer 121 and / or the second film layer 123 can be made of a film made of a high-melting-point resin, by increasing the degree of cross-linking of the film, or by adding a conventional flame retardant to a conventional photovoltaic encapsulation film.

[0030] As an optional embodiment, the first fireproof layer 122 includes a fireproof fiber layer. The fireproof fiber layer has good fireproof and flame retardant properties and can improve the safety of the photovoltaic module 100. The fireproof fiber layer is light in weight and can reduce the overall weight of the photovoltaic module 100. The fireproof fiber layer has good light transmittance, and light can pass through the fireproof fiber layer and be utilized by the solar cells, ensuring that the photovoltaic module 100 has a high power generation efficiency. The fireproof fiber layer may include glass fiber, the monofilament fiber diameter of the fiber in the fireproof fiber layer is 5-15μm, the monofilament fiber length is 20-200mm, and the gram weight of the fireproof fiber layer is 200-500g / m 2 The fiber diameter and fiber length of the fireproof fiber within the above range can improve the self-strength and fire-retardant properties of the fireproof fiber layer, while also ensuring the light transmittance of the fireproof fiber layer. The weight of the first fireproof layer 122 is 200-500g / m 2 When within the range, the first fireproof layer 122 can have both lightweight and fire-retardant properties.

[0031] As an optional embodiment, the second film layer 123 and the rear encapsulation layer 14 can also adopt conventional encapsulation films such as EVA film and POE film. The second film layer 123 and the rear encapsulation layer 14 mainly play a bonding role and improve the weather resistance of the photovoltaic module 100. The above purpose can be achieved by adopting films commonly used in the photovoltaic field such as EVA film or POE film or co-extruded film (such as EVE / POE / EVA co-extruded film, etc.). EVA is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and POE is a polyolefin elastomer. The film layer formed by the two materials has high transparency, good bonding performance and better processing performance, and has better packaging effect. The shrinkage rate of EVA film is low and the bonding performance is good. The weather resistance and aging resistance of POE film can be selected according to demand during production.

[0032] As an optional embodiment, the strength of the reinforcement layer 151 is greater than or equal to 180 MPa. The reinforcement layer 151 has high strength, good support and protection capabilities, and can better protect the battery layer 13. The reinforcement layer 151 includes reinforcement fibers and resin, the resin impregnates the reinforcement fibers, and the resin and the reinforcement fibers can form a complete whole that is combined with each other. The reinforcement fibers can greatly improve the strength of the substrate layer, and the resin exists in the gaps between the reinforcement fibers or between layers. The resin can also exist on the surface of the reinforcement fibers, which can improve the dimensional stability of the reinforcement layer 151. Compared with traditional polymer backsheets, the reinforcement layer 151 has higher strength, better impact resistance, better dimensional stability and support, and is not easy to bend and deform, and can better support and protect the photovoltaic module 100.

[0033] As an optional embodiment, the resin includes at least one of polypropylene resin, epoxy resin or polyurethane resin. After being fused with the reinforcing fibers, resins such as polypropylene resin, epoxy resin or polyurethane resin have higher strength and better toughness, and have good support and protection capabilities. The reinforcing layer 151 formed by the reinforcing fibers impregnated with polypropylene resin has higher rigidity and better dimensional stability. The interface bonding strength between epoxy resin and reinforcing fibers is higher, and the reinforcing layer 151 formed has better shear strength. The curing temperature of polyurethane resin is low and the curing speed is fast, and the reinforcing layer 151 formed with the reinforcing fibers has higher strength and better toughness. During actual production, a suitable substrate layer can be selected according to demand.

[0034] As an optional embodiment, the reinforcing fibers include at least one of inorganic fibers or organic fibers. The reinforcing fibers can be any fiber material capable of providing structural reinforcement. Specifically, the reinforcing fibers can be selected from polymer materials such as nylon fibers or aramid fibers. They can also be selected from inorganic non-metallic materials such as carbon fibers, glass fibers, or silicon carbide fibers. They can also be selected from metallic materials such as steel fibers or aluminum fibers. Preferably, the reinforcing fibers can be glass fibers.

[0035] As an optional embodiment, the reinforcing fiber comprises at least two layers of glass fiber. In the glass fiber layer, the diameter of the single fiber is 5-15 μm, the length of the single fiber is 20-200 μm, and the gram weight of the glass fiber layer is 100-300 g / m 2 The reinforcing fibers are arranged in the above structure, which can not only enhance the mechanical strength of the reinforcing layer, but also improve the fire retardant effect of the reinforcing layer.

[0036] As an optional embodiment, the weight of a single layer of fibers in the fireproof fiber layer is equal to or greater than the weight of a single layer of fibers in the reinforcing fiber layer, and the number of fiber layers in the reinforcing fiber layer is greater than the number of fiber layers in the fireproof fiber layer. The fireproof fiber layer and the reinforcing fiber layer are respectively arranged on the light-facing side and the backlight side of the photovoltaic module 100. The fireproof fiber layer must consider not only its mechanical properties and fire-retardant properties, but also its light transmission properties. Arranging the fireproof fiber layer with a high weight and low number of layers can ensure that the fireproof fiber layer has good light transmission properties while improving its mechanical strength and fire-retardant properties.

[0037] As an optional embodiment, the second fireproof layer 152 may include a metal foil layer. The second fireproof layer 152 is arranged on the backlight side of the photovoltaic module 100, so the use requirements can be met by selecting an opaque metal foil layer. The metal foil layer has a relatively excellent fire-retardant effect. When the metal foil layer is of low thickness, it has excellent fire-retardant performance, ensuring that the photovoltaic module 100 is light in weight and highly safe. The metal foil layer also has excellent water- and oxygen-barrier properties, which can improve the weather resistance and service life of the photovoltaic module 100. Specifically, the metal foil layer can be a metal foil or alloy foil of at least one element selected from copper, aluminum, iron, or chromium.

[0038] As an optional embodiment, the thickness of the second fireproof layer is 10-100 μm. The thickness of the second fireproof layer within the range of 10-100 μm can meet the fireproof and flame retardant effects while also meeting the lightweight requirements of the photovoltaic module.

[0039] As an optional implementation, Figure 4 As shown, a bonding layer 153 is further provided between the second fireproof layer 152 and the reinforcement layer 151. The bonding layer 153 bonds the second fireproof layer 152 and the reinforcement layer 151, thereby improving the structural stability of the rear substrate 15.

[0040] As an optional embodiment, the transmittance of the front substrate 11 to light in the range of 400nm to 1100nm is greater than or equal to 80%. The transmittance of the front substrate 11 to visible light is relatively high, and most of the visible light can pass through the front substrate 11 and be utilized by the solar cells, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module. The cutoff rate of the front substrate to light in the range of 280nm to 400nm is greater than or equal to 95%. The front substrate 11 has a relatively high cutoff rate for ultraviolet light, which can block ultraviolet light outside the front packaging layer, thereby preventing external light from damaging structures such as the front packaging layer and the solar cell layer, and thereby improving the overall service life of the photovoltaic module. The transmittance of the first fireproof layer 122 to light in the range of 400nm to 1100nm is greater than or equal to 85%. While having excellent fire retardant properties, the first fireproof layer 122 also has a relatively high transmittance, which can ensure that the safety performance of the photovoltaic module 100 is improved while maintaining a high power generation efficiency.

[0041] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to the embodiments.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] like Figure 5 As shown, a photovoltaic module 100 includes a front substrate 11, a front encapsulation layer 12, a cell layer 13, a rear encapsulation layer 14, a rear substrate 15, a reinforcement layer 151, an adhesive layer 153 and a second fireproof layer 152 stacked in sequence.

[0044] The front substrate 11 is made of a polymer composite material based on PET, with a melting point of 256° C. and a thickness of 400 μm.

[0045] The front encapsulation layer 12 includes a first adhesive film layer 121, a first fireproof layer 122, and a second adhesive film layer 123. The first adhesive film layer 121 is made of EVA film with flame retardant additives; the first fireproof layer 122 is a fireproof fiber layer made of glass fiber, with a single fiber diameter of 10μm and a single fiber length of 100mm. The weight of the first fireproof layer 122 is 300g / m 2 , belonging to the flame retardant material class B specified in the GB / T 8625 standard; the second film layer 123 is made of EVA film; the first film layer 121 and the second film layer 123 reach the V-0 flame retardant grade specified in the UL-94 standard.

[0046] The rear encapsulation layer 14 is made of EVA film.

[0047] The back substrate 15 includes a reinforcement layer 151, an adhesive layer 153, and a second fireproof layer 152. The reinforcement layer 151 includes a base material layer and reinforcement fibers. The base material layer is a polypropylene resin layer. The reinforcement fibers have four layers of glass fibers that cross each other vertically and horizontally. The diameter of the single fiber of the reinforcement fibers is 14 μm and the length of the single fiber is 50 mm. The weight of the reinforcement layer 151 is 450 g / m 2 The second fireproof layer 152 is a metal foil layer, and the thickness of the second fireproof layer 152 is 50 μm, which belongs to the non-combustible material class A specified in the GB / T 8625 standard.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] Except for the following technical features, everything else is the same as Example 1.

[0050] The fireproof fiber layer is carbon fiber.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] Except for the following technical features, everything else is the same as Example 1.

[0053] The fireproof fiber layer is glass fiber, the monofilament fiber diameter of the glass fiber is 5μm, and the monofilament fiber length is 150mm. The base material layer of the reinforcing fiber is a polyurethane resin layer. The reinforcing fiber has three layers of glass fiber that are cross-woven vertically and horizontally. The monofilament fiber diameter of the reinforcing fiber is 10μm, and the monofilament fiber length is 50mm.

[0054] Example 4

[0055] Except for the following technical features, everything else is the same as Example 1.

[0056] The fireproof fiber layer is glass fiber, the monofilament fiber diameter of the glass fiber is 12μm, and the monofilament fiber length is 130mm. The base material layer of the reinforcing fiber is a polyurethane resin layer. The reinforcing fiber has three layers of glass fiber that are cross-woven vertically and horizontally. The monofilament fiber diameter of the reinforcing fiber is 15μm, and the monofilament fiber length is 80mm.

[0057] Example 5

[0058] Except for the following technical features, everything else is the same as Example 1.

[0059] The weight of the first fireproof layer 122 is 250g / m 2 , the reinforcement layer 151 is 3 layers of glass fiber, and the weight of a single layer is 200g / m 2 .

[0060] Example 6

[0061] Except for the following technical features, everything else is the same as Example 1.

[0062] The weight of the first fireproof layer 122 is 400g / m 2 The weight of the reinforcement layer 151 is 2 layers of glass fiber, and the weight of a single layer is 280g / m 2 .

[0063] Example 7

[0064] Except for the following technical features, everything else is the same as Example 1.

[0065] The thickness of the second fireproofing layer 152 is 80 μm.

[0066] Comparative Example 1

[0067] Except for the following technical features, everything else is the same as Example 1.

[0068] The front substrate 11 is made of photovoltaic glass, and the front encapsulation layer 12 is made of EVA film.

[0069] Comparative Example 2

[0070] Except for the following technical features, everything else is the same as Example 1.

[0071] The front substrate 11 is made of an acrylic polymer front plate with a thickness of 2 mm, and the front encapsulation layer 12 is made of an EVA film.

[0072] Comparative Example 3

[0073] Except for the following technical features, everything else is the same as Example 1.

[0074] The rear substrate 15 is a glass back panel.

[0075] Comparative Example 4

[0076] Except for the following technical features, everything else is the same as Example 1.

[0077] The rear substrate 15 is a CPC backplane.

[0078] 1. Performance test:

[0079] Performance tests were performed on the above embodiments and comparative examples.

[0080] 1. Light transmittance: The front substrate and front encapsulation layer were laminated to form a sample. Using a spectrophotometer (Color Spectrum CS-700), at a color temperature of 6500K and a 10° observation window, the total transmittance was measured at five randomly selected locations on the surface of the test sample. The average of the results was taken.

[0081] 2. Fire resistance: Flame retardant classification is carried out according to GB8624-2006.

[0082] 3.Tensile strength: tested according to GB / T1040.1-2018.

[0083] 2. Performance test results:

[0084] The performance test results of the encapsulation films in the above embodiments and comparative examples are shown in Table 1.

[0085] Table 1: Test results of Examples and Comparative Examples

[0086]

[0087] As shown in Table 1, the photovoltaic modules in Examples 1 to 7 of the present application have relatively excellent fire resistance while also achieving the goal of lightweight photovoltaic modules. The photovoltaic modules in Comparative Examples 1 and 3, while capable of achieving good fire resistance, do so at the expense of lightweighting. The photovoltaic modules in Comparative Examples 2 and 4 not only have poor fire resistance but are also generally heavier.

[0088] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or changes based on the above description, and all such improvements and changes should fall within the scope of protection of the claims appended to this application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: The front substrate, front encapsulation layer, battery cell layer, rear encapsulation layer and rear substrate are stacked in sequence; The front encapsulation layer includes a first adhesive film layer, a first fireproof layer and a second adhesive film layer in sequence, wherein the second adhesive film layer is arranged on a side of the first fireproof layer close to the battery layer, and the first fireproof layer is made of flame-retardant material; The rear substrate includes a reinforcement layer and a second fireproof layer. The second fireproof layer is arranged on a side of the reinforcement layer away from the rear packaging layer. The second fireproof layer is made of non-combustible material.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The melting point of the front substrate is greater than or equal to 200°C.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein: The flame retardant grade of the first adhesive film layer and / or the second adhesive film layer is V-0 flame retardant grade.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein: The first fireproof layer includes a fireproof fiber layer; The fireproof fiber layer includes glass fiber. In the fireproof fiber layer, the diameter of the single fiber is 5-15 μm, the length of the single fiber is 20-200 mm, and the weight of the fireproof fiber layer is 200-500 g / m 2 .

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The strength of the reinforcement layer is greater than or equal to 180 MPa; The reinforcement layer includes reinforcement fibers and at least a resin distributed in the reinforcement fibers.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 5, characterized in that: The resin is one of polypropylene resin, epoxy resin or polyurethane resin; The reinforcing fiber comprises at least two glass fiber layers, wherein the diameter of the monofilament fiber in the glass fiber layer is 5-15 μm, the length of the monofilament fiber is 20-200 μm, and the gram weight of the glass fiber layer is 100-300 g / m 2 .

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first fireproof layer includes a fireproof fiber layer; The reinforcement layer includes reinforcement fibers and at least a resin distributed in the reinforcement fibers; The gram weight of a single layer of fibers in the fireproof fiber layer is greater than or equal to the gram weight of a single layer of fibers in the reinforcing fibers, and the number of fiber layers of the reinforcing fibers is greater than the number of fiber layers in the fireproof fiber layer.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second fireproof layer comprises a metal foil layer, wherein the metal foil layer comprises a metal foil or alloy foil of at least one element selected from copper, aluminum, iron or chromium, and the thickness of the second fireproof layer is 10-100 μm.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: An adhesive layer is further provided between the second fireproof layer and the reinforcement layer.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmittance of the front substrate to light from 400nm to 1100nm is greater than or equal to 80%, the cutoff rate of the front substrate to light from 280nm to 400nm is greater than or equal to 95%, and the transmittance of the first fireproof layer to light from 400nm to 1100nm is greater than or equal to 85%.

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