Variable fulcrum construction auxiliary beam for underneath pass existing line construction

Abstract

The utility model provides a variable fulcrum construction auxiliary beam for underneath pass existing line construction, which comprises a plurality of longitudinal beams, and each longitudinal beam comprises a first top plate, a first bottom plate, two first webs, a plurality of first reinforcing ribs and a plurality of splice plates. According to the variable fulcrum construction auxiliary beam for underneath pass existing line construction, through mutual cooperation of the longitudinal beams, the cross beams and the transverse lifting beams, when the auxiliary beam is used, the transverse lifting beams penetrate into the bottoms of steel rails and are fixed to the tops of piles to support the longitudinal beams, and the transverse lifting beams penetrate into the cross beams and are connected with the line steel rails; according to the construction auxiliary beam, the longitudinal beams are hoisted for connection, the multiple longitudinal beams are spliced and the like, the positions of fulcrums can be changed according to on-site arrangement, so that the construction auxiliary beam can be flexibly adjusted according to different geological conditions and construction requirements, the performance of the construction auxiliary beam is greatly improved, and the construction auxiliary beam is not limited by a fixed structure any more; the device can better adapt to various complex construction sites, and the application range of the device is widened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of bridge steel structure processing and manufacturing, in particular to a variable support point construction temporary beam used for construction under an existing line. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the development of my country's local economy, municipal engineering projects such as converting level crossings into overpasses and new railways passing under existing lines have been implemented. There are more and more bridge and culvert reinforcement, bridge replacement, tunnel excavation, and box culvert jacking projects, and various types of aperture frame structures are being used in more and more cities.

[0003] During construction, in order to avoid affecting the normal operation of the existing railway, it is necessary to temporarily build temporary beams when passing under the railway to support the railway. In the traditional construction of railways passing under existing lines, although the D-type construction temporary beams have certain structural characteristics and connection methods, some problems have gradually been exposed in actual applications. The box-shaped section of the main longitudinal beam and the H-shaped section design of the crossbeam, as well as the connection through splicing plates, corbels and the use of refined bolt connection joints, ensure the stability of the structure to a certain extent. At the same time, the line track and the crossbeam are connected by adjustable rail fasteners, which can realize the longitudinal and transverse adjustment of the rail spacing. The horizontal connection system set under the crossbeam also helps to enhance the stability of the overall structure.

[0004] However, with the continuous development of engineering construction, the geological conditions and construction requirements at the construction site are becoming increasingly complex and changeable. Due to the relatively fixed structure, this type of temporary beam is difficult to flexibly adjust according to different actual conditions. When faced with complex geological conditions, it may not provide sufficient adaptability, resulting in unstable factors during the construction process. Moreover, when encountering large-span construction requirements, its existing structure often cannot meet the engineering requirements, limiting the flexibility and scope of application of the construction. This not only increases the difficulty and risk of construction, but also affects the progress and quality of the project.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a variable support point construction beam for construction under existing lines to solve the above technical problems. Utility Model Content

[0006] The utility model provides a construction temporary beam with a variable support point for construction under an existing line, which solves the problems that the temporary beam structure is fixed, difficult to adapt to complex geological conditions and large-span construction requirements, limits flexibility and scope of application, increases construction difficulty and risk, and affects project progress and quality.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a variable support point construction beam for construction under an existing line, comprising:

[0008] a plurality of longitudinal beams, each of the plurality of longitudinal beams comprising a first top plate, a first bottom plate, two first webs, a plurality of first reinforcing ribs, and a plurality of splicing plates, the top and bottom of the two first webs being fixedly mounted to the bottom of the first top plate and the top of the first bottom plate, respectively; the plurality of splicing plates being respectively disposed on the top and bottom of the first top plate and the first bottom plate, and on both sides of the two first webs; and a plurality of first connecting holes being uniformly formed on the bottom of the first bottom plate;

[0009] a plurality of cross beams, each of which is disposed at the bottom of the longitudinal beams, each of which comprises a second top plate, a second bottom plate, a second web plate, a plurality of reinforcing plates, and two side baffles, the top and bottom of the second web plate being fixedly mounted to the bottom of the second top plate and the top of the second bottom plate, respectively, and a plurality of second connecting holes being formed on the top of the second top plate;

[0010] Multiple cross-lifting beams are arranged at the bottom of the longitudinal beams, and multiple cross-lifting beams include a third top plate, a third bottom plate, two third webs and multiple partitions. The tops and bottoms of the multiple partitions are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the third top plate and the top of the third bottom plate, and the top of the third top plate is provided with multiple third connecting holes.

[0011] Preferably, the tops and bottoms of the plurality of first reinforcing ribs are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the first top plate and the top of the first bottom plate, and the plurality of first reinforcing ribs are respectively fixedly connected to the side surfaces of the two first webs.

[0012] Preferably, the plurality of reinforcing plates are respectively fixedly connected to both sides of the second web, and the tops of the plurality of reinforcing plates are all fixedly connected to the bottom of the second top plate.

[0013] Preferably, the two side baffles are respectively arranged on both sides of the second web, the side surfaces of the two side baffles are fixedly connected to the side surfaces of the plurality of reinforcement plates, and the tops of the two side baffles are fixedly connected to the bottom of the second top plate.

[0014] Preferably, the two third webs are respectively fixedly connected to both sides of the plurality of partitions, and the tops and bottoms of the two third webs are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the third top plate and the top of the third bottom plate.

[0015] Preferably, the bottom of the first bottom plate is respectively arranged on the top of the second top plate and the third top plate.

[0016] Preferably, supporting plates are provided at both ends of the bottom of the third base plate, threaded rods are provided inside the four sides of the supporting plates, and support plates are fixedly installed at the bottoms of the four threaded rods.

[0017] Preferably, a plurality of sleepers are provided at the bottom of the support plate, and a first nut and a second nut are provided at the bottom and the bottom of the support plate respectively, and the first nut and the second nut are both threadedly connected to the outer side surface of the threaded rod.

[0018] Preferably, connecting bolts are provided inside all four sides of the support plate.

[0019] Compared with related technologies, the variable support point construction beam provided by the present invention for construction under existing lines has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The utility model provides a variable fulcrum construction beam for construction under an existing line. The longitudinal beam, the transverse beam and the transverse lifting beam cooperate with each other. When in use, the transverse lifting beam is inserted into the bottom of the rail and fixed on the top of the pile to provide support for the longitudinal beam, the transverse beam is inserted into the cross beam and connected to the line rail, the longitudinal beam is hoisted for connection, and multiple longitudinal beams are spliced. The fulcrum position can be changed according to the on-site layout, which makes the construction beam flexible to adjust according to different geological conditions and construction requirements, greatly improving the performance of the construction beam, no longer limited to a fixed structure, can better adapt to various complex construction sites, expand its scope of application, and meet the needs of different spans on site; and can effectively improve the bearing capacity and adaptability of the structure, and when facing the engineering needs of large-span box culvert jacking, can provide more reliable support, improve the progress and quality of the project. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a variable fulcrum construction beam for construction under an existing line provided by the utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The end face structure diagram shown;

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the side structure of the longitudinal beam is shown;

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the longitudinal beam shown;

[0025] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the longitudinal beam cross-section structure shown;

[0026] Figure 6 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the side structure of the beam shown;

[0027] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the top structure of the beam shown;

[0028] Figure 8 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the cross-section structure of the beam shown;

[0029] Figure 9 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the side structure of the horizontal lifting beam shown;

[0030] Figure 10 for Figure 9 The bottom structure diagram of the horizontal beam shown;

[0031] Figure 11 for Figure 9 The cross-sectional structure diagram of the horizontal beam shown in FIG.

[0032] Figure 12 This is a structural schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a variable fulcrum construction beam for construction under an existing line provided by the utility model;

[0033] Figure 13 for Figure 12 The side structure diagram of the support plate is shown.

[0034] Numbers in the figure: 1. longitudinal beam, 11. first top plate, 12. first bottom plate, 121. first connecting hole, 13. first web, 14. first reinforcing rib, 15. splicing plate, 2. cross beam, 21. second top plate, 211. second connecting hole, 22. second bottom plate, 23. second web, 24. reinforcing plate, 25. side baffle, 3. cross beam, 31. third top plate, 32. third bottom plate, 321. third connecting hole, 33. third web, 34. partition, 4. support plate, 41. connecting bolt, 42. threaded rod, 43. first nut, 44. second nut, 45. sleeper, 46. support plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and implementation examples.

[0036] First embodiment

[0037] Please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 、 Figure 10 and Figure 11 ,in, Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a variable fulcrum construction beam for construction under an existing line provided by the utility model; Figure 2for Figure 1 The end face structure diagram shown;

[0038] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the side structure of the longitudinal beam is shown; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the longitudinal beam shown; Figure 5 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the longitudinal beam cross-section structure shown; Figure 6 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the side structure of the beam shown; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the top structure of the beam shown; Figure 8 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the cross-section structure of the beam shown; Figure 9 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the side structure of the horizontal lifting beam shown; Figure 10 for Figure 9 The bottom structure diagram of the horizontal beam shown; Figure 11 for Figure 9 The cross-sectional structure diagram of the horizontal beam is shown. A variable fulcrum construction beam for construction under an existing line comprises: a plurality of longitudinal beams 1, each of the plurality of longitudinal beams 1 comprising a first top plate 11, a first bottom plate 12, two first webs 13, a plurality of first reinforcing ribs 14, and a plurality of splicing plates 15. The tops and bottoms of the two first webs 13 are fixedly mounted to the bottom of the first top plate 11 and the top of the first bottom plate 12, respectively. The plurality of splicing plates 15 are respectively arranged on the tops and bottoms of the first top plate 11 and the first bottom plate 12, as well as on both sides of the two first webs 13. The bottom of the first bottom plate 12 is evenly provided with a plurality of first connection holes 121.

[0039] Multiple cross beams 2, each of which is disposed at the bottom of the longitudinal beam 1, each of which includes a second top plate 21, a second bottom plate 22, a second web plate 23, multiple reinforcing plates 24, and two side baffles 25. The top and bottom of the second web plate 23 are fixedly mounted on the bottom of the second top plate 21 and the top of the second bottom plate 22, respectively. The top of the second top plate 21 is provided with multiple second connection holes 211.

[0040] Multiple cross-lifting beams 3 are arranged at the bottom of the longitudinal beam 1, and multiple cross-lifting beams 3 include a third top plate 31, a third bottom plate 32, two third webs 33 and multiple partitions 34. The tops and bottoms of the multiple partitions 34 are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the third top plate 31 and the top of the third bottom plate 32. The top of the third top plate 31 is provided with multiple third connecting holes 321.

[0041] The tops and bottoms of the plurality of first reinforcing ribs 14 are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the first top plate 11 and the top of the first bottom plate 12 , and the plurality of first reinforcing ribs 14 are respectively fixedly connected to the side surfaces of the two first webs 13 .

[0042] The plurality of reinforcing plates 24 are respectively fixedly connected to both sides of the second web 23 , and the tops of the plurality of reinforcing plates 24 are all fixedly connected to the bottom of the second top plate 21 .

[0043] The two side baffles 25 are respectively arranged on both sides of the second web 23 , the sides of the two side baffles 25 are fixedly connected to the sides of the multiple reinforcement plates 24 , and the tops of the two side baffles 25 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the second top plate 21 .

[0044] The two third webs 33 are respectively fixedly connected to both sides of the plurality of partitions 34 , and the tops and bottoms of the two third webs 33 are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the third top plate 31 and the top of the third bottom plate 32 .

[0045] The bottom of the first bottom plate 12 is respectively disposed on the top of the second top plate 21 and the third top plate 31 .

[0046] Multiple longitudinal beams 1 are spliced into a whole during installation on site. Bolted joints are used for splicing. Bolt holes are set at both ends of the top plate, bottom plate and web plate for splicing when the porous beam is used continuously. Splicing plates 15 are set on the outside of the top plate and bottom plate, and on both sides of the web plate. The splicing bolts are M24 high-strength bolts, and the friction surface is sprayed with aluminum.

[0047] The crossbeam 2 is connected to the bottom of the longitudinal beam 1 by bolts. The crossbeam 1 adopts an I-shaped cross section. The second top plate 21 is 200mm wide and 20mm thick. The second web plate 23 is 172mm high and 20mm thick. The second bottom plate 22 is 220mm wide and 20mm thick.

[0048] During construction on long rail sections, in order to increase the lateral stability of the long rails, side baffles 25 are installed on the crossbeams 2 and the track bed is tamped;

[0049] The cross beam 3 is a box-shaped structure, connected to the bottom plate of the longitudinal beam 1 by bolts in the middle, and anchored to the temporary piers at both ends by bolts passing through the third connection holes 321. The thickness of the third top plate 31 and the third bottom plate 32 are both 40 mm, the thickness of the third web 33 is 24 mm, the overall height is 700 mm, and the width is 370 mm.

[0050] By replacing the simply supported D-shaped construction beam with a continuous beam, the load-bearing capacity and adaptability of the structure can be effectively improved to meet the engineering requirements of large-span box culvert jacking. This transformation requires comprehensive consideration of multiple factors, including design, construction, materials, safety, and economy, to ensure the successful implementation of the project.

[0051] The use of segmented longitudinal beams 1 reduces unit size and weight, solving the difficulties in manufacturing, transporting and storing construction beams. The box-type cross-section provides excellent rigidity and stability. The interfaces are connected with splicing plates 15, which effectively strengthens the longitudinal connection of the beams, improves vibration characteristics, and enhances driving safety. This can further adapt to the needs of railway construction and meet on-site use requirements. It has the advantages of high speed, good lateral stability and small deflection of the main longitudinal beam 1.

[0052] The working principle of the variable support point construction beam provided by the utility model for construction under an existing line is as follows:

[0053] During construction, the cross beam 3 is inserted into the bottom of the rail, so that the cross beams 3 are spaced and avoid the joints of the longitudinal beam 1, and the two ends of the cross beam 3 are fixed to the top of the pile, so that the longitudinal beam 1 can be supported when it is installed later; then the ballast between the sleepers is removed, and the steel cross beams 2 are inserted one by one, and the adjustable rail fasteners are used to firmly connect the line rails and the cross beam 2; then the longitudinal beam 1 is hoisted to the top of the cross beam 3, and then the mounting bolts are respectively passed through the inside of the first connecting hole 121 and the third connecting hole 321 to connect the longitudinal beam 1 and the cross beam 3, and then the mounting bolts are respectively passed through the other first connecting holes 121 and the second connecting holes 211 to connect the cross beam 2 and the longitudinal beam 1;

[0054] When multiple longitudinal beams 1 need to be spliced, the end faces of two longitudinal beams 1 are butted together, and then multiple splicing plates 15 are used to connect the first top plate 11, the first bottom plate 12 and the first web plate 13 on the two longitudinal beams 1 respectively through installation bolts, thereby connecting multiple longitudinal beams 1.

[0055] Compared with related technologies, the variable support point construction beam provided by the present invention for construction under existing lines has the following beneficial effects:

[0056] Through the cooperation between the longitudinal beam 1, the transverse beam 2 and the cross-lifting beam 3, when in use, the cross-lifting beam 3 is inserted into the bottom of the rail and fixed on the top of the pile to provide support for the longitudinal beam 1, inserted into the cross beam 2 and connected to the line rail, the longitudinal beam 1 is hoisted for connection and multiple longitudinal beams 1 are spliced, etc. The fulcrum position can be changed according to the on-site layout, which makes the construction beam flexible to adjust according to different geological conditions and construction requirements, greatly improving the performance of the construction beam, no longer limited to a fixed structure, can better adapt to various complex construction sites, expand its scope of application, and meet the needs of different spans on site; and can effectively improve the bearing capacity and adaptability of the structure, when facing the engineering needs of large-span box culvert jacking, it can provide more reliable support and improve the progress and quality of the project.

[0057] Second embodiment

[0058] Please refer to Figure 11 and Figure 13 Based on the first embodiment of this application, which provides a variable-support construction beam for underpass construction of an existing railway line, the second embodiment of this application proposes another variable-support construction beam for underpass construction of an existing railway line. The second embodiment is merely a preferred embodiment of the first embodiment, and its implementation will not affect the independent implementation of the first embodiment.

[0059] Specifically, the second embodiment of the present application provides a variable fulcrum construction beam for construction under an existing line. The difference is that the second embodiment of the present application provides a variable fulcrum construction beam for construction under an existing line. Both ends of the bottom of the third base plate 32 are provided with support plates 46, and the interior of the support plate 46 is provided with threaded rods 42 around it, and the bottoms of the four threaded rods 42 are fixedly installed with support plates 4.

[0060] A plurality of sleepers 45 are provided at the bottom of the support plate 46 , and a first nut 43 and a second nut 44 are provided at the bottom and the bottom of the support plate 46 respectively. The first nut 43 and the second nut 44 are both threadedly connected to the outer side surface of the threaded rod 42 .

[0061] Connecting bolts 41 are provided inside the four sides of the support plate 4 .

[0062] The working principle of the variable support point construction beam provided by the utility model for construction under an existing line is as follows:

[0063] When in use, if the two ends of the cross-lifting beam 3 are not at the same level due to errors in pouring the piles, the user can place the support plate 46 on the bottom of the third base plate 32, and pass the threaded rod 42 into the inside of the third connecting hole 321, and then place the support plate 4 on the top of the pile, and connect the support plate 4 and the pile through the connecting bolt 41, and then the user rotates multiple first nuts 43 set at the bottom of the support plate 46 to adjust the height of the support plate 46, thereby adjusting the height of the two ends of the cross-lifting beam 3. After adjusting the appropriate height, the second nut 44 is threadedly connected to the outer side of the threaded rod 42 and is at the top of the third base plate 32, thereby limiting the cross-lifting beam 3, and then multiple sleepers 45 are placed between the support plate 4 and the support plate 46, thereby supporting the support plate 46.

[0064] Compared with related technologies, the variable support point construction beam provided by the present invention for construction under existing lines has the following beneficial effects:

[0065] The structures such as the support plate 4, the connecting bolt 41, the threaded rod 42, the first nut 43, the second nut 44, the sleeper 45 and the support plate 46 cooperate with each other. When in use, the connecting bolt 41 is passed through the interior of the support plate 4 and connected to the pile, and the top of the support plate 46 is abutted against the bottom of the cross-lifting beam 3, and the height of the support plate 46 is adjusted by the first nut 43, so that the height of the two ends of the cross-lifting beam 3 can be adjusted to ensure the stability of the installation.

[0066] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention also provides a construction method of a temporary beam with a variable support point for construction under an existing line, comprising the following steps:

[0067] S1. During construction, insert the horizontal beam 3 into the bottom of the rail, so that the horizontal beam 3 is spaced and avoids the joints of the longitudinal beam 1, and fix the two ends of the horizontal beam 3 to the top of the pile, so that it can support the longitudinal beam 1 when it is installed later;

[0068] S2. Then remove the ballast between the sleepers, insert each one into the steel beam 2, and use the adjustable rail fastener to firmly connect the line rail to the beam 2;

[0069] S3. Then, use a 50t truck crane and a flatbed trailer to transport the longitudinal beam 1 to the site, check whether the beam bottom and the middle support bolt holes are aligned, correct the dimensional deviation, and check the plane dimensions and elevations of the embedded parts and support parts on the bored piles;

[0070] S4. Longitudinal beam 1 adopts splicing type. When installing, each segment is hoisted into place separately, and then spliced into a whole. High-strength bolts are used to connect the segments. When assembling the beam segments into a whole, the straightness of the longitudinal beam 1 should be adjusted first. The lateral bend should not exceed 5mm (based on the web plane). Only then can the high-strength bolts be installed.

[0071] S5. Then connect the top of the cross beam 2 and the cross beam 1 to the longitudinal beam 1 through bolts, and open the line after the construction scope meets the conditions for train release.

[0072] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the contents of the description and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A variable support point construction beam for construction under an existing line, characterized in that: include: a plurality of longitudinal beams, each of the plurality of longitudinal beams comprising a first top plate, a first bottom plate, two first webs, a plurality of first reinforcing ribs, and a plurality of splicing plates, the top and bottom of the two first webs being fixedly mounted to the bottom of the first top plate and the top of the first bottom plate, respectively; the plurality of splicing plates being respectively disposed on the top and bottom of the first top plate and the first bottom plate, and on both sides of the two first webs; and a plurality of first connecting holes being uniformly formed on the bottom of the first bottom plate; a plurality of cross beams, each of which is disposed at the bottom of the longitudinal beams, each of which comprises a second top plate, a second bottom plate, a second web plate, a plurality of reinforcing plates, and two side baffles, the top and bottom of the second web plate being fixedly mounted to the bottom of the second top plate and the top of the second bottom plate, respectively, and a plurality of second connecting holes being formed on the top of the second top plate; Multiple cross-lifting beams are arranged at the bottom of the longitudinal beams, and multiple cross-lifting beams include a third top plate, a third bottom plate, two third webs and multiple partitions. The tops and bottoms of the multiple partitions are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the third top plate and the top of the third bottom plate, and the top of the third top plate is provided with multiple third connecting holes.

2. The variable support point construction beam for construction under an existing line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tops and bottoms of the plurality of first reinforcing ribs are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the first top plate and the top of the first bottom plate, and the plurality of first reinforcing ribs are respectively fixedly connected to the side surfaces of the two first webs.

3. The variable support point construction beam for construction under an existing line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of reinforcing plates are respectively fixedly connected to both sides of the second web, and the tops of the plurality of reinforcing plates are all fixedly connected to the bottom of the second top plate.

4. The variable support point construction beam for construction under an existing line according to claim 3, characterized in that: The two side baffles are respectively arranged on both sides of the second web, the side surfaces of the two side baffles are fixedly connected to the side surfaces of the plurality of reinforcing plates, and the tops of the two side baffles are fixedly connected to the bottom of the second top plate.

5. The variable support point construction beam for construction under an existing line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two third webs are respectively fixedly connected to both sides of the plurality of partitions, and the tops and bottoms of the two third webs are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the third top plate and the top of the third bottom plate.

6. The variable support point construction beam for construction under an existing line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the first bottom plate is respectively arranged on the top of the second top plate and the third top plate.

7. The variable support point construction beam for construction under an existing line according to claim 1, characterized in that: Support plates are provided at both ends of the bottom of the third base plate, threaded rods are provided inside the four sides of the support plates, and support plates are fixedly installed at the bottoms of the four threaded rods.

8. The variable support point construction beam for construction under an existing line according to claim 7, characterized in that: A plurality of sleepers are provided at the bottom of the support plate, and a first nut and a second nut are provided at the bottom and the bottom of the support plate respectively, and the first nut and the second nut are both threadedly connected to the outer side surface of the threaded rod.

9. The variable support point construction beam for construction under an existing line according to claim 8, characterized in that: Connecting bolts are arranged inside the four sides of the support plate.

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