Photovoltaic power generation system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a photovoltaic power generation system. The photovoltaic power generation system comprises an inclination angle type photovoltaic array and a vertical type photovoltaic array which are sequentially and alternately arranged along the north-south direction. A photovoltaic panel of the inclination angle type photovoltaic array inclines upwards and faces the south; the photovoltaic panels of the vertical photovoltaic array are vertically distributed, and the inclination angle type photovoltaic assembly and the vertical photovoltaic assembly are both double-sided photovoltaic assemblies. The photovoltaic power generation system can reduce the impact of a photovoltaic power station in a photovoltaic single-hump power generation mode on a power grid, the stable output characteristic of power generation capacity is achieved, and the peak clipping and valley filling effect can be achieved without energy storage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electrical components, and in particular to a photovoltaic power generation system. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation is a technology that uses the photovoltaic effect at the interface of semiconductors to directly convert sunlight into electricity. It primarily consists of three main components: solar panels (modules), controllers, and inverters, with the majority of components being electronic components. Solar cells are connected in series and then packaged and protected to form large-area solar modules. Combined with components such as power controllers, these form photovoltaic power generation devices.

[0003] Most existing tilted photovoltaic arrays are tilted to the south. Although this method allows the photovoltaic panels to be exposed to sunlight to a large extent, the land below the photovoltaic panels cannot be reused. However, if vertical brackets are used to install photovoltaic panels, although the reuse of land is solved, the shadow spacing caused by the vertical height is larger. Under the same installed capacity, the land utilization rate is low and the land area increases, which affects the installed capacity of vertically installed batteries and the layout of power stations.

[0004] Most of the brackets for installing photovoltaic panel components are tilted to the south. The peak power generation period is from 11:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m., resulting in a hump in power generation, which affects the access of photovoltaic power generation to the grid and has an impact on the power grid. Utility Model Content

[0005] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present application provides a photovoltaic power generation system, the technical solution of which includes:

[0006] A photovoltaic power generation system, comprising tilted photovoltaic arrays and vertical photovoltaic arrays alternately arranged in a north-south direction;

[0007] The tilted photovoltaic array comprises a plurality of tilted photovoltaic modules distributed in an array, wherein the photovoltaic panels of the tilted photovoltaic modules are tilted upward and face south;

[0008] The vertical photovoltaic array includes a plurality of vertical photovoltaic modules distributed in an array, wherein the photovoltaic panels of the vertical photovoltaic modules are distributed vertically.

[0009] The tilted photovoltaic modules and the vertical photovoltaic modules are both double-sided photovoltaic modules.

[0010] The design methods of photovoltaic power generation systems include:

[0011] Determine the inclination angle of the light-receiving surface of the tilted photovoltaic module according to the latitude of the construction area. Then, calculate the distance d1 between the south side of the vertical photovoltaic array and the tilted photovoltaic array to its south, and the distance d2 between the north side of the vertical photovoltaic array and the tilted photovoltaic array to its north, based on the light and shadow directions of the vertical photovoltaic modules and the tilted photovoltaic modules.

[0012] Determine the power of the photovoltaic power generation system and calculate the number of tilted photovoltaic arrays and vertical photovoltaic modules.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the photovoltaic modules in the tilted photovoltaic array and the vertical photovoltaic array are both heterojunction photovoltaic modules.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the photovoltaic panels of the vertical photovoltaic assembly are vertically distributed and face east-west or north-south.

[0015] In the photovoltaic power generation system, each vertical photovoltaic array is composed of multiple vertical photovoltaic module rows. The design method also includes calculating the distance between two adjacent vertical photovoltaic module rows based on the light and shadow directions of the vertical photovoltaic modules and the tilted photovoltaic modules.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, when the photovoltaic panels of the vertical photovoltaic modules are distributed vertically and face east-west, multiple rows of vertical photovoltaic modules are arranged in sequence along the east-west direction, and each row of vertical photovoltaic modules includes multiple vertical photovoltaic modules distributed in sequence along the north-south direction. In the vertical photovoltaic module rows, the installation height of the northernmost vertical photovoltaic module is lower than the installation height of the southernmost vertical photovoltaic module.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, a row of multiple vertical photovoltaic modules are divided into multiple groups, each group includes at least one vertical photovoltaic module, and the installation heights of the multiple vertical photovoltaic module groups decrease from south to north.

[0018] The meaning of including at least one vertical photovoltaic module in each group is that the same group may include one or more vertical photovoltaic modules. When the same group has multiple vertical photovoltaic modules, the horizontal heights of the multiple vertical photovoltaic modules are consistent.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, when the photovoltaic panels of the vertical photovoltaic assembly are distributed vertically and face north and south, the distance between the south side of the vertical photovoltaic array and the tilted photovoltaic array is 3.5m, and the distance between the north side of the vertical photovoltaic array and the tilted photovoltaic array is 4.5m.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, when the photovoltaic panels of the vertical photovoltaic modules are distributed vertically and face east-west, each vertical photovoltaic array includes multiple vertical photovoltaic module rows, and the multiple vertical photovoltaic module rows are distributed along the north-south direction, and the rows are spaced in sequence along the east-west direction, and the distance between two adjacent vertical photovoltaic module rows is 9m.

[0021] The tilted photovoltaic array and the vertical photovoltaic array are connected to a junction box, an inverter, and a transformer and then connected to the power grid through cables.

[0022] The photovoltaic power generation system can be subsequently optimized based on the power station capacity ratio and inverter ratio scheme.

[0023] Beneficial effects of the utility model:

[0024] The design uses east-facing vertical photovoltaic modules, with peak power generation occurring between 9:00 AM and 11:00 AM and 2:00 PM and 4:00 PM. The photovoltaic power generation system, formed by combining tilted and vertical photovoltaic modules, can reduce the impact of single-hump photovoltaic power stations on the power grid, achieving a stable power output and achieving peak-shaving and valley-filling effects even without energy storage.

[0025] Vertical installation has a lower projection area, which helps reduce the impact on the ecological environment, increases the economic value of land per unit area, and helps reduce the cost of cultivated land use tax. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is one of the top views of the photovoltaic system described in the embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 2 This is the second top view of the photovoltaic system described in the embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 3 A side view of the photovoltaic system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 4 The real-time power of the HJT photovoltaic module in different installation modes in summer according to the embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the tilt installation shadow calculation and vertical installation drop of the G12 series 210-B132HDG730 photovoltaic module with a size of 2384×1303×33mm described in the embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of solution 1 described in the embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of Solution 2 described in the embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of solution 3 described in the embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of vertical photovoltaic module rows according to Solution 3 of the embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of solution 4 described in the embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of vertical photovoltaic module rows according to Solution 4 of the embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the output power of the photovoltaic system in Scheme 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] This section will describe in detail the specific embodiments of the present invention. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. The purpose of the accompanying drawings is to supplement the description of the text part of the specification with graphics, so that people can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and overall technical solution of the present invention, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Unless otherwise specified, the terms used in this utility model generally have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art.

[0040] In the description of this utility model, "above," "below," and "within" are understood to be exclusive of the number indicated, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to be inclusive of the number indicated. The use of "first" and "second" is solely for the purpose of distinguishing technical features and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly specifying the number or order of the technical features indicated.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientations, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0042] In this utility model, unless otherwise expressly defined, terms such as "disposed," "installed," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they may refer to direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; fixed connection or detachable connection or integral molding; mechanical connection; internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of these terms in this utility model based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0043] This application proposes a photovoltaic power generation system, referring to the attached Figure 1-2 As shown, the photovoltaic power generation system includes an inclined photovoltaic array 200 and a vertical photovoltaic array 100 that are alternately arranged in the north-south direction;

[0044] The tilted photovoltaic array 200 includes a plurality of tilted photovoltaic modules distributed in an array, wherein the photovoltaic panels of the tilted photovoltaic modules are tilted upward and toward the south;

[0045] The vertical photovoltaic array 100 includes a plurality of vertical photovoltaic modules distributed in an array, wherein the photovoltaic panels of the vertical photovoltaic modules are distributed vertically.

[0046] The tilted photovoltaic modules and vertical photovoltaic modules are both double-sided photovoltaic modules; Figure 1 In vertical photovoltaic modules, the photovoltaic panels are vertical and face east-west. Figure 2 The photovoltaic panels of the vertical photovoltaic module are vertical and facing north and south. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic panels of the vertical photovoltaic module are vertical and facing east and west as the preferred embodiment. Compared with the photovoltaic panels of the vertical photovoltaic module that are vertical and facing east and west, when the photovoltaic panels of the vertical photovoltaic module face north and south, the land area occupied by the photovoltaic power generation system is larger.

[0047] The design methods of photovoltaic power generation systems include:

[0048] Step 1. Reference Figure 1 、 3 As shown, this embodiment takes the photovoltaic panels of the vertical photovoltaic modules as an example, which are vertical and facing east and west, and determines the inclination angle of the light-receiving surface of the tilted photovoltaic modules according to the latitude of the construction area. Then, according to the illumination and shadow directions of the vertical photovoltaic modules and the tilted photovoltaic modules, the distance d1 between the south side of the vertical photovoltaic array 100 and the tilted photovoltaic array 200 and the distance d2 between the north side of the vertical photovoltaic array 100 and the tilted photovoltaic array 200 are calculated. Each vertical photovoltaic array is composed of a plurality of vertical photovoltaic module rows arranged in sequence along the east-west direction, and also includes calculating the distance between two adjacent vertical photovoltaic module rows according to the illumination and shadow directions of the vertical photovoltaic modules and the tilted photovoltaic modules.

[0049] In this embodiment, the distance d1 between the south side of the vertical photovoltaic array 100 and the tilted photovoltaic array 200, and the distance d2 between the north side of the vertical photovoltaic array 100 and the tilted photovoltaic array 200 are determined based on the illumination shadow direction of the vertical photovoltaic modules and the tilted photovoltaic modules after 9:30 in winter, so as to ensure the illumination time of the tilted photovoltaic array 200 and the vertical photovoltaic array 100 while reducing the occupied area;

[0050] Step 2: After determining the layout of the tilt-angle photovoltaic modules and the vertical photovoltaic modules, the number of the tilt-angle photovoltaic arrays 200 and the vertical photovoltaic arrays 100 is calculated according to the power capacity of the photovoltaic power station; after the actual number of the tilt-angle photovoltaic modules and the vertical photovoltaic modules is calculated, the ratio of the two tilt-angle photovoltaic modules to the vertical photovoltaic modules can be adjusted according to the actual floor space, power generation efficiency and other relevant conditions of the obtained photovoltaic power generation system;

[0051] Step 3: Select the layout range.

[0052] First, multiple supports are installed within the layout range. The supports are prestressed high-strength concrete pipe piles. During the pipe pile construction, the supports of the inclined photovoltaic modules and the supports of the vertical photovoltaic modules are installed at 90°. That is, the supports of the inclined photovoltaic modules are east-west oriented, and the supports of the vertical photovoltaic modules are north-south oriented. The verticality and spacing of the pipe piles are controlled and adjusted to ensure the verticality of the pile body and the spacing between the piles. Then, the pile driving operation is carried out to ensure that the pile cap, pile body and pile position centerline coincide with each other.

[0053] The distance between the south side of a vertical photovoltaic module and the tilted photovoltaic module to its south is 3.5m, and the distance between the north side of a vertical photovoltaic module and the tilted photovoltaic module is 4.5m; the distance between two adjacent vertical photovoltaic module rows is 9m;

[0054] This application should use high bifaciality heterojunction photovoltaic modules. This embodiment uses 210 maximum size heterojunction photovoltaic modules. Its unique bifaciality of more than 95% perfectly achieves balanced power generation in the morning and afternoon sunshine under vertical installation, ensuring the system's power generation benefits.

[0055] After the bracket is installed, fix the photovoltaic brackets of the vertical photovoltaic modules and the tilted photovoltaic modules on the pipe piles respectively, and then install the photovoltaic modules on the photovoltaic brackets;

[0056] When installing photovoltaic modules, first install the panels of the photovoltaic modules one by one from bottom to top on the photovoltaic bracket;

[0057] After the photovoltaic modules are installed, the junction boxes on all panels of each row of photovoltaic modules arranged in a matrix are connected in sequence;

[0058] Then fix the combiner box bracket on the pipe pile, fix the combiner box on the combiner box bracket, and ground the combiner box. Then hoist the box with regional inverters and box-type transformers to the photovoltaic power station with photovoltaic modules arranged in a matrix. Finally, connect the cables of each combiner box to the regional inverter in the box through the cable bridge through the DC cable. The regional inverter converts the current and connects it to the box-type transformer in the box through the low-voltage cable. The regional box transformers are connected in parallel by direct burial in the cable trench, and are connected to the booster station through the high-voltage cable and incorporated into the power grid system.

[0059] Based on the above content, PERC bifacial photovoltaic modules, TOPcon photovoltaic modules, conventional HJT bifacial photovoltaic modules and high bifaciality HJT bifacial photovoltaic modules were used to conduct power generation experiments of vertical photovoltaic modules in Hongsibao, Ningxia (high latitude city), Sanya (low latitude city), Yancheng (mid-latitude city) and Harbin (snowy city), as shown in Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4.

[0060] Table 1

[0061]

[0062] Table 2

[0063]

[0064] Table 3

[0065]

[0066] Table 4

[0067]

[0068] Among them, in Table 1-4:

[0069] The tilt angle refers to the angle between the photovoltaic panel of each photovoltaic module and the horizontal plane.

[0070] According to the contents in Table 1-4:

[0071] ① When high bifaciality HJT modules are installed vertically, their power generation is better than that of PERC modules installed at the optimal tilt angle.

[0072] ② When high bifaciality HJT modules are installed vertically, their power generation is slightly lower than that of conventional HJT modules installed at the optimal tilt angle.

[0073] ③ When high bifaciality HJT modules are installed vertically, the power generation gain is more significant than when PERC / TOPCon modules are installed vertically.

[0074] The power generation of 166-144 PERC photovoltaic modules, 182-144 TOPCon photovoltaic modules, and 166-144 HJT photovoltaic modules were monitored when installed in due east, due west, due south, and at the optimal inclination angle. The test plan is shown in Table 5, and the test results are shown in Table 6.

[0075] Table 5

[0076]

[0077] Table 6

[0078]

[0079] According to the test results in Table 6, in the vertical installation mode, HJT photovoltaic modules have obvious advantages over PERC photovoltaic modules and TOPCon photovoltaic modules.

[0080] Connect the HJT photovoltaic modules to the grid and detect the real-time power of the HJT photovoltaic modules in summer. Figure 4 shown.

[0081] according to Figure 4 As shown in the figure, HJT photovoltaic modules installed vertically in the west exhibit a typical double-peak phenomenon, smoothing the photovoltaic power output and reducing grid shock. Therefore, by rationally arranging the arrays of vertical photovoltaic modules and tilted photovoltaic modules in the factory area, a stable power output characteristic is achieved from 6:00 to 17:00, and the peak-shaving and valley-filling effect is achieved without energy storage.

[0082] Design Example 1

[0083] Reference Figure 5 As shown, the G12 series 210-B132HDG730 component design is adopted, with a version size of 2384×1303×33mm. The height difference between the inclined installation and the vertical installation is 700mm. The inclined installation scheme and the vertical installation scheme are calculated according to the latitude of Yinchuan City. Combined with the change of the solar altitude angle in winter north of the Tropic of Cancer, the following design scheme is given.

[0084] Option 1:

[0085] like Figure 6 As shown, according to the latitude of Yinchuan, the preliminary calibration of the installation angle is 40° in the north-south direction. According to the installation method of 22 modules in series, each group has a power of 16.06KW, and the system design is 26*12*2 groups, totaling 10.021MW.

[0086] The land area of the photovoltaic power station is 390.2*278.7m=108748.74㎡, which is 163.12 mu;

[0087] The shadow area of a single group is 14.6m*3.7m=54㎡, totaling 33696㎡.

[0088] Option 2:

[0089] like Figure 7 As shown, according to the latitude of Yinchuan City, the vertical installation method is preliminarily calibrated and the east-west direction is temporarily designed with a spacing of 9m.

[0090] According to the 22 modules installed in series, each group has a power of 16.06KW, and the system is designed as 24*13*2 groups, totaling 10.021MW.

[0091] The land area of the photovoltaic power station is 423m*447.65m=189356㎡, 284 mu.

[0092] The shadow area of a single group is 30.178m*0.04m=1.2㎡, totaling 748.8㎡.

[0093] Option 3:

[0094] like Figure 8-9 As shown, according to the latitude of Yinchuan City and the north of the Tropic of Cancer, and based on the shadow direction of the vertical photovoltaic modules and the tilted photovoltaic modules, the installation height of the two modules can be reduced by 400mm layer by layer from south to north, and the installation distance between the south side of the vertical photovoltaic modules and the tilted photovoltaic modules can be effectively reduced. At the same time, according to the layer reduction design, the installation distance between the north side of the vertical photovoltaic modules and the tilted photovoltaic modules can be reduced, which will effectively reduce the land use area.

[0095] According to the 22-module series installation method, each group has a power of 16.06KW, and the system design is 13*23*2+24 groups, totaling 9.989MW.

[0096] The land area of the photovoltaic power station is 423m*447.65m=134550㎡, 202 mu.

[0097] The calculated shadow area of the power station is 13*22*1.2㎡+14*24*54㎡=18487.2㎡.

[0098] Vertical system capacity: inclined system capacity = 286: 336 = 0.85

[0099] Among them: the spacing between vertical installation in the south and angle installation is 4.5m;

[0100] The spacing between vertical installation in the north and angled installation is 3m.

[0101] Option 4

[0102] like Figure 10-11As shown, according to the 22 modules installed in series, each group is 16.06KW, and the system design is 10*24+9*44 groups, totaling 10.214MW.

[0103] The land area of the photovoltaic power station is 390*375.56m=146468.4㎡, 220 mu.

[0104] The calculated shadow area of the power station is 9*44*1.2㎡+10*24*54㎡=13435.2㎡.

[0105] Vertical system capacity: inclined system capacity = 396: 240 = 1.65

[0106] Among them: the distance between the south side of vertical installation and the angle installation is 4.5m;

[0107] The distance between the north side of vertical installation and the angled installation is 3m.

[0108] The comparison of the above four schemes is shown in Table 8.

[0109] Table 8

[0110]

[0111] According to the contents of Table 8:

[0112] 1. While the installed capacity is comparable, the overall maximum land use excess of Scheme 2 is 172.12%, and the shadow area (cultivated land occupation) has decreased by 45 times year-on-year. Compared with the land price of 600 yuan / mu / year for photovoltaic land, the yield rate has no significant advantage;

[0113] 2. When the installed capacity is similar, the mixed installation scheme of scheme 3 and 4 is more reasonable, and the curvature of the photovoltaic power generation curve is relatively smooth. Figure 7 As shown, the grid access is more stable.

[0114] 3. Compared with the two mixed installation modes, the vertical installation ratio is larger in Scheme 3. Scheme 3 uses 8.2% more land than Scheme 4, and Scheme 4 saves 27.4% of the cultivated land occupation tax. Scheme 4 can be regarded as the optimal implementation plan.

[0115] Of course, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Those skilled in the art may make equivalent modifications or substitutions without violating the spirit of the present invention. These equivalent modifications and substitutions are all included in the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic power generation system, characterized in that: The photovoltaic power generation system comprises an inclined photovoltaic array (200) and a vertical photovoltaic array (100) which are alternately arranged in sequence along the north-south direction; The tilted photovoltaic array (200) comprises a plurality of tilted photovoltaic modules distributed in an array, wherein the photovoltaic panels of the tilted photovoltaic modules are tilted upward and face south; The vertical photovoltaic array (100) comprises a plurality of vertical photovoltaic modules distributed in an array, wherein the photovoltaic panels of the vertical photovoltaic modules are distributed vertically. The tilted photovoltaic modules and the vertical photovoltaic modules are both double-sided photovoltaic modules.

2. A photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic modules in the tilted photovoltaic array (200) and the vertical photovoltaic array (100) both adopt heterojunction photovoltaic modules.

3. A photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panels of the vertical photovoltaic assembly are vertically distributed and face east-west or north-south.

4. A photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: Each vertical photovoltaic array (100) is formed by arranging a plurality of vertical photovoltaic component rows. When the photovoltaic panels of the vertical photovoltaic components are vertically distributed and face east-west, the plurality of vertical photovoltaic component rows are sequentially arranged at intervals along the east-west direction. Each vertical photovoltaic component row includes a plurality of vertical photovoltaic components sequentially distributed along the north-south direction. In the vertical photovoltaic component rows, the installation height of the vertical photovoltaic component on the northernmost side is lower than the installation height of the vertical photovoltaic component on the southernmost side.

5. A photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: A row of multiple vertical photovoltaic modules is divided into multiple groups, each group includes at least one vertical photovoltaic module, and the installation heights of the multiple vertical photovoltaic module groups decrease from south to north.

6. A photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the photovoltaic panels of the vertical photovoltaic assembly are vertically distributed and face east-west, the distance between the south side of the vertical photovoltaic array (100) and the tilted photovoltaic array (200) is 3.5 m, and the distance between the north side of the vertical photovoltaic array (100) and the tilted photovoltaic array (200) is 4.5 m.

7. A photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the photovoltaic panels of the vertical photovoltaic modules are vertically distributed and face east-west, each vertical photovoltaic array (100) includes a plurality of vertical photovoltaic module rows, the plurality of vertical photovoltaic module rows are distributed along the north-south direction, and the rows are sequentially spaced along the east-west direction, and the distance between two adjacent vertical photovoltaic module rows is 9m.

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