Cloud air detection equipment

Abstract

The utility model discloses cloud air detection equipment, which belongs to the technical field of air quality detection and comprises a direct-current power supply, a standby power supply, a power supply conversion circuit, a power supply voltage reduction circuit, a single chip microcomputer system, a detection assembly, an RS-485 communication circuit and a WIFI communication circuit. The direct-current power supply or the standby power supply is processed by the power supply voltage reduction circuit to obtain a voltage reduction power supply, the voltage reduction power supply supplies power to the single-chip microcomputer system, the detection assembly, the RS-485 communication circuit and the WIFI communication circuit, and air quality data detected by the detection assembly is processed by the single-chip microcomputer system and then transmitted to the display screen through the RS-485 communication circuit. Air quality data detected by the detection assembly is processed by the single-chip microcomputer system and then transmitted to a cloud platform or a mobile phone APP device of a mobile terminal through the WIFI communication circuit. Various power supply modes are added, and the direct-current power supply and the standby power supply are switched through the power conversion circuit, namely power supply of the power adapter and power supply of the movable standby battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of air quality detection, and in particular to a cloud-based air detection device. Background Art

[0002] Whether it is dust particles or various pollutant gases, they all pose a huge threat to people's health, so the detection of air pollution is very important.

[0003] Most existing air quality detection equipment can simultaneously detect multiple pollutants, including temperature, humidity, PM2.5, PM10, formaldehyde, TVOC, carbon dioxide, etc. However, existing air quality detection equipment lacks Internet of Things technology and cannot allow remote data collection and real-time monitoring, which greatly reduces the interactivity of the detection system; air quality detection equipment has a single power supply method and cannot switch between multiple power supply methods; air quality detection equipment lacks mobility and currently only supports fixed installation of air quality detection devices on walls or work surfaces, which greatly reduces the flexibility of some detection equipment.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide an air detection device that can provide multiple power supply modes and stable data transmission is a technical problem that needs to be urgently solved by technical personnel in this field. Utility Model Content

[0005] To this end, the present invention provides a cloud-based air detection device to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A cloud-based air detection device includes a DC power supply, a backup power supply, a power conversion circuit, a power step-down circuit, a single-chip microcomputer system, a detection component, an RS-485 communication circuit, and a WiFi communication circuit. The DC power supply and the backup power supply are switched by the power conversion circuit. The DC power supply or the backup power supply is processed by the power step-down circuit to obtain a step-down power supply. The step-down power supply supplies power to the single-chip microcomputer system, the detection component, the RS-485 communication circuit, and the WiFi communication circuit. The air quality data detected by the detection component is processed by the single-chip microcomputer system and then transmitted to a display screen via the RS-485 communication circuit. The air quality data detected by the detection component is processed by the single-chip microcomputer system and then transmitted to a cloud platform or a mobile phone APP device via the WiFi communication circuit.

[0008] Furthermore, the power conversion circuit includes a diode D26, a driver chip RELAY2, a transistor Q13, a resistor R82, a resistor R83, a resistor R84, a resistor R85 and a diode D27, wherein the diode D26 is connected between the 1st pin and the 4th pin of the driver chip RELAY2, the collector of the transistor Q13 is connected to the 1st pin of the driver chip RELAY2, the resistor R82 is connected between the emitter and the base of the transistor Q13, the resistor R83 is connected to the base of the transistor Q13, the resistor R84 is connected to the 2nd pin of the driver chip RELAY2, the resistor R85 and the diode D27 are connected in parallel and in series with the resistor R84.

[0009] Furthermore, the power supply step-down circuit includes a first step-down circuit, a second step-down circuit and a third step-down circuit. The first step-down circuit steps down the DC power supply or the backup power supply to 5V, the second step-down circuit steps down the 5V power supply to 3.3V, and the third step-down circuit steps down the DC power supply or the backup power supply to 3.3V.

[0010] Furthermore, the first step-down circuit includes a capacitor C16, a capacitor C13, a step-down chip U6, a diode D4, an inductor L1, a capacitor C14 and a capacitor C15. The capacitor C16 and the capacitor C13 are connected in parallel and connected to the 1st, 3rd and 5th pins of the step-down chip U6. The two ends of the diode D4 are respectively connected to the 2nd pin and the 3rd and 5th pins of the step-down chip U6. The capacitor C14 and the capacitor C15 are connected in parallel and connected to the 2nd and 4th pins and the 3rd and 5th pins of the step-down chip U6. The inductor L1 is connected in series between the diode D4 and the capacitor C14.

[0011] Furthermore, the second step-down circuit includes capacitor C4, capacitor C5, capacitor C6, capacitor C7, capacitor C8, capacitor C9, capacitor C10, capacitor C11 and step-down chip U2, the capacitor C4 and capacitor C5 are connected in parallel and connected to pin 3 of the step-down chip U2, the capacitor C6, capacitor C7, capacitor C8, capacitor C9, capacitor C10 and capacitor C11 are connected in parallel and connected to pin 2 and pin 4 of the step-down chip U2.

[0012] Furthermore, the third step-down circuit includes a capacitor C31, a capacitor C30, a capacitor C29, a capacitor C28, a capacitor C27, an inductor L2, a capacitor C26, a resistor R14, a capacitor C25, a step-down chip U12, a capacitor C24, a capacitor C23, a capacitor C22, a capacitor C21, a capacitor C20, a capacitor C19, a resistor R15, a resistor R16 and a capacitor C32. The capacitor C31, the capacitor C30, the capacitor C29, the capacitor C28 and the capacitor C27 are connected in parallel, the capacitor C27 is connected in series with the inductor L2, the inductor L2 and the capacitor C26 are connected in series, the inductor L2 is connected to the second pin of the step-down chip U12, and the capacitor C26 is connected to the step-down chip U12. The capacitor C27 is connected in series with the capacitor C25, the capacitor C25 is connected to the 4th pin of the buck chip U12, the resistor R14 is connected to the 3rd pin, the 7th pin and the 8th pin of the buck chip U12, the capacitor C23, the capacitor C22, the capacitor C21, the capacitor C20 and the capacitor C19 are connected in parallel and connected to the 7th pin and the 8th pin of the buck chip U12, the capacitor C24 is connected in series with the capacitor C23 and connected to the 6th pin of the buck chip U12, the resistor R15 and the capacitor C32 are connected in parallel, the resistor R16 is connected in series with the resistor R15 and connected to the 5th pin of the buck chip U12.

[0013] Furthermore, the RS-485 communication circuit includes a diode D1, a diode D2, a diode D3, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, a capacitor C12, a step-down chip U3, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a transistor Q2 and a resistor R5. The diode D1, the diode D2 and the diode D3 are connected in series, the resistor R6 is connected in parallel with the diode D1 and connected to the 7th pin of the step-down chip U3, the resistor R7 is connected in series with the diode D2 and connected to the 6th pin of the step-down chip U3, the capacitor C12 is connected to the 8th pin of the step-down chip U3, the resistor R3 is connected to the 1st pin of the step-down chip U3, the collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to the 2nd and 3rd pins of the step-down chip U3 and is connected to the resistor R4, the emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to the 4th and 5th pins of the step-down chip U3, and the base of the transistor Q3 is connected to the resistor R5.

[0014] Furthermore, the WIFI communication circuit includes a resistor R10, a resistor R11, a capacitor C18 and a communication chip U10, the resistor R10 is connected to the RST terminal of the communication chip U10, the resistor R11 is connected to the second pin of the communication chip U10, and the capacitor C18 is connected to the 7th pin and the 10th pin of the communication chip U10.

[0015] Furthermore, the detection component includes a PM2.5 sensor module, a formaldehyde sensor module, a TVOC sensor module, a carbon dioxide sensor module and a temperature and humidity sensor module.

[0016] The utility model has the following advantages:

[0017] This application adds a variety of power supply methods, switching between DC power and backup power through a power conversion circuit, namely power supply by a power adapter and power supply by a removable backup battery. For power supply by a power adapter: only 220V AC mains power is required to be transferred through a 12V1A power adapter to power the product. For power supply by a removable backup battery: when there is a power outage, the mobile backup battery is activated for power supply. This greatly reduces the hidden dangers brought by the external environment, such as: the mains power is turned off and some indoor safety is affected due to the indoor environmental parameters exceeding the standard.

[0018] This application provides an RS-485 wired data transmission method: this data transmission method not only supports up to 32 devices connected to the same bus, but also uses differential signal transmission, which makes it have excellent anti-interference capabilities against electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI). More importantly, it can support a transmission distance of up to 1200 meters, which is suitable for long-distance communication needs. Compared with other communication technologies, RS-485 has lower hardware and wiring costs and is easy to implement. Due to its differential signal transmission characteristics, RS-485 exhibits higher stability and reliability in industrial environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely illustrative, and those skilled in the art can, without inventive effort, derive other implementation drawings based on the provided drawings.

[0020] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are intended solely to complement the contents disclosed herein and to facilitate understanding and reading by persons familiar with the art. They are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention may be implemented and therefore have no substantive technical significance. Any structural modifications, changes in proportions, or adjustments in size, without affecting the efficacy and objectives of the present invention, shall remain within the scope of the technical contents disclosed herein.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a system connection block diagram of a cloud-based air detection device provided by the utility model;

[0022] Figure 2A circuit diagram of the power conversion circuit provided by the utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 A circuit diagram of the first step-down circuit provided by the utility model;

[0024] Figure 4 A circuit diagram of the second step-down circuit provided by the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 5 A circuit diagram of a third step-down circuit provided by the present utility model;

[0026] Figure 6 A circuit diagram of the RS-485 communication circuit provided by the utility model;

[0027] Figure 7 A circuit diagram of the WIFI communication circuit provided by the utility model;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a circuit diagram of the temperature and humidity detection circuit provided by the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following describes the implementation of the present invention through specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can readily understand the other advantages and benefits of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the embodiments described are only a portion of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] A cloud-based air detection device, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a DC power supply, a backup power supply, a power conversion circuit, a power step-down circuit, a single-chip computer system, a detection component, an RS-485 communication circuit and a WIFI communication circuit. The DC power supply and the backup power supply are switched through the power conversion circuit. The DC power supply or the backup power supply is processed by the power step-down circuit to obtain a step-down power supply. The step-down power supply supplies power to the single-chip computer system, the detection component, the RS-485 communication circuit and the WIFI communication circuit. The air quality data detected by the detection component is processed by the single-chip computer system and then transmitted to the display screen through the RS-485 communication circuit. The air quality data detected by the detection component is processed by the single-chip computer system and then transmitted to the cloud platform or mobile phone APP device through the WIFI communication circuit.

[0031] The detection components include a PM2.5 sensor module, a formaldehyde sensor module, a TVOC sensor module, a carbon dioxide sensor module, and a temperature and humidity sensor module. These components acquire air quality data and transmit it to the display screen via RS-485 communication. This data is then transmitted to a cloud platform or mobile app via Wi-Fi communication, allowing staff to easily view current air quality and provide predictions and early warnings for air pollution.

[0032] This application adds a variety of power supply methods, switching between DC power and backup power through the power conversion circuit, namely power supply by power adapter and power supply by removable backup battery. For power supply by power adapter: only 220V AC mains power is required to be transferred through a 12V1A power adapter to power the product. For power supply by removable backup battery: when there is a power outage, the mobile backup battery is started to power the product. The hidden dangers brought by the external environment are greatly reduced, such as: the mains power is turned off and some indoor safety is affected due to the indoor environmental parameters exceeding the standard. Powered by a mobile backup battery, the equipment can be flexibly deployed at different monitoring points, and can even be integrated into a mobile monitoring platform, which improves the flexibility and coverage of monitoring.

[0033] This application provides an RS-485 wired data transmission method: this data transmission method not only supports up to 32 devices connected to the same bus, but also uses differential signal transmission, which makes it have excellent anti-interference capabilities against electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI). More importantly, it can support a transmission distance of up to 1200 meters, which is suitable for long-distance communication needs. Compared with other communication technologies, RS-485 has lower hardware and wiring costs and is easy to implement. Due to its differential signal transmission characteristics, RS-485 exhibits higher stability and reliability in industrial environments.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, the power conversion circuit includes a diode D26, a driver chip RELAY2, a transistor Q13, a resistor R82, a resistor R83, a resistor R84, a resistor R85 and a diode D27. The diode D26 is connected between the 1st pin and the 4th pin of the driver chip RELAY2, the collector of the transistor Q13 is connected to the 1st pin of the driver chip RELAY2, the resistor R82 is connected between the emitter and the base of the transistor Q13, the resistor R83 is connected to the base of the transistor Q13, the resistor R84 is connected to the 2nd pin of the driver chip RELAY2, and the resistor R85 and the diode D27 are connected in parallel and in series with the resistor R84.

[0035] An intelligent power management system was built into the hardware circuitry, capable of flexibly switching between two power sources to ensure a stable power supply to the device. This system consists of two primary power sources: a 220V to 12V converter from the regular power grid and a battery as an emergency backup. The hardware system circuitry includes sophisticated voltage monitoring. Using a carefully designed resistor divider circuit, the power supply voltage is reduced to a level suitable for reading by the microcontroller's analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and limited to between 0 and 3.3V.

[0036] The microcontroller continuously monitors the voltage in real time via the ADC module. This allows it to accurately interpret the current power supply status. If the voltage detected is above 3.3V, the microcontroller identifies the 220V to 12V converter as active. At this point, the microcontroller sends a command to close the relay, disconnecting the backup battery power source and ensuring the system operates directly from the main power source. Conversely, if the voltage detected is below 3.3V, this indicates that the main power source may be unable to provide sufficient voltage due to grid problems or other reasons. In this case, the microcontroller reacts quickly, sending a signal to the relay to switch to the backup battery power source, ensuring uninterrupted system operation. The entire switching process is seamless, ensuring continuous system operation and ensuring that equipment is not affected or interrupted by the power switch.

[0037] The power supply step-down circuit includes a first step-down circuit, a second step-down circuit and a third step-down circuit. The first step-down circuit steps down the DC power supply or the backup power supply to 5V, the second step-down circuit steps down the 5V power supply to 3.3V, and the third step-down circuit steps down the DC power supply or the backup power supply to 3.3V.

[0038] To accommodate the power supply needs of various IC chips, the power supply input utilizes a step-down circuit to generate 5V and two different 3.3V voltages for system power. The 5V DC power supply primarily powers the M2.5 sensor module, formaldehyde sensor module, TVOC sensor module, carbon dioxide sensor module, and temperature and humidity sensor module. The 3.3V DC power supply primarily powers the microcontroller system, RS-485 communication circuit, and Wi-Fi communication circuit.

[0039] like Figure 3As shown, the first step-down circuit includes capacitor C16, capacitor C13, step-down chip U6, diode D4, inductor L1, capacitor C14 and capacitor C15. Capacitor C16 and capacitor C13 are connected in parallel and connected to pin 1, pin 3 and pin 5 of the step-down chip U6. The two ends of the diode D4 are respectively connected to pin 2 and pins 3 and 5 of the step-down chip U6. Capacitor C14 and capacitor C15 are connected in parallel and connected to pins 2 and 4 and pins 3 and 5 of the step-down chip U6. Inductor L1 is connected in series between diode D4 and capacitor C14.

[0040] The step-down chip U6 uses the LM2596-5V voltage conversion chip. Its internal circuit conversion principle is as follows:

[0041] 1. Switch-on phase: When the MOSFET inside the LM2596 is on, the input voltage flows through the switch, charging inductor L1 and capacitor C14 while also providing current to the load. At this point, freewheeling diode D4 is cut off and does not participate in the current path.

[0042] 2. Switch-off phase: When the internal switch is turned off, the magnetic field energy stored in inductor L1 is converted into electrical energy, maintaining a continuous current supply. At this time, freewheeling diode D4 conducts, providing a current loop for inductor L1, while output capacitor C14 discharges to maintain a stable output voltage.

[0043] 3. Feedback Regulation: The output voltage is fed back to the LM2596's feedback pin (FB). An internal comparator compares this voltage with an internal 1.23V reference voltage and, based on the difference, adjusts the duty cycle of the internal PWM controller, thereby controlling the on-time of the switch and achieving output voltage stability.

[0044] 4. Oscillator and Control Logic: The LM2596 contains a fixed-frequency oscillator (approximately 150kHz) that drives the switching transistor. The control logic adjusts the duty cycle based on the feedback signal to ensure the accuracy and stability of the output voltage.

[0045] 5. Protection mechanism: LM2596 also has protection mechanisms such as thermal shutdown and current limiting to prevent the circuit from being damaged due to overheating or overcurrent.

[0046] The LM2596-5 accepts a wide range of input voltages, typically between 3.5V and 40V, which is the input voltage of the 12V / 1A power adapter used in this design. The chip contains a PWM (pulse width modulation) controller that controls the internal switching transistors to achieve input voltage conversion. It also has an internal feedback loop that monitors the output voltage and compares it with an internal reference voltage. If the output voltage deviates from the set value, the feedback loop adjusts the PWM controller's duty cycle to maintain a stable output voltage. If a short circuit occurs at the output, the chip protects the circuit by reducing the output current to prevent damage.

[0047] like Figure 4 As shown, the second step-down circuit includes capacitor C4, capacitor C5, capacitor C6, capacitor C7, capacitor C8, capacitor C9, capacitor C10, capacitor C11 and step-down chip U2. Capacitor C4 and capacitor C5 are connected in parallel and connected to pin 3 of the step-down chip U2. Capacitor C6, capacitor C7, capacitor C8, capacitor C9, capacitor C10 and capacitor C11 are connected in parallel and connected to pin 2 and pin 4 of the step-down chip U2.

[0048] The step-down chip U2 uses the AMS1117-3.3V voltage conversion chip with a fixed output voltage of 3.3V. It is suitable for devices that require a stable 3.3V power supply. Through the internal feedback mechanism, the chip can maintain a stable output voltage and is not affected by input voltage fluctuations. It uses linear voltage regulation technology, which continuously adjusts the current through internal transistors and converts excess voltage into heat energy, thereby maintaining the stability of the output voltage.

[0049] like Figure 5As shown, the third step-down circuit includes capacitor C31, capacitor C30, capacitor C29, capacitor C28, capacitor C27, inductor L2, capacitor C26, resistor R14, capacitor C25, step-down chip U12, capacitor C24, capacitor C23, capacitor C22, capacitor C21, capacitor C20, capacitor C19, resistor R15, resistor R16 and capacitor C32. Capacitor C31, capacitor C30, capacitor C29, capacitor C28 and capacitor C27 are connected in parallel, capacitor C27 is connected in series with inductor L2, inductor L2 and capacitor C26 are connected in series, inductor L2 is connected to pin 2 of step-down chip U12, capacitor C26 is connected to pin 1 of step-down chip U12, and capacitor C31 is connected to pin 2 of step-down chip U12. Pin 1 of the buck chip U12 is connected, capacitor C27 is connected in series with capacitor C25, capacitor C25 is connected to pin 4 of the buck chip U12, resistor R14 is connected to pins 3, 7 and 8 of the buck chip U12, capacitor C23, capacitor C22, capacitor C21, capacitor C20 and capacitor C19 are connected in parallel and connected to pins 7 and 8 of the buck chip U12, capacitor C24 is connected in series with capacitor C23 and connected to pin 6 of the buck chip U12, resistor R15 and capacitor C32 are connected in parallel, resistor R16 is connected in series with resistor R15 and connected to pin 5 of the buck chip U12.

[0050] Buck chip U12 uses the SY8205 chip, which has an adjustable output voltage, typically between 0.6V and 30V. This output voltage can be adjusted using an external resistor divider connected between the FB (feedback) pin and ground. Vref is 0.6V (this is the internal reference voltage of the SY8205). The output voltage can be calculated based on the resistor values of the divider. The formula is: Vout = Vref * (R15 / (R15 + R16)).

[0051] like Figure 6 As shown, the RS-485 communication circuit includes a diode D1, a diode D2, a diode D3, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, a capacitor C12, a step-down chip U3, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a transistor Q2 and a resistor R5. The diode D1, the diode D2 and the diode D3 are connected in series, the resistor R6 is connected in parallel with the diode D1 and connected to the 7th pin of the step-down chip U3, the resistor R7 is connected in series with the diode D2 and connected to the 6th pin of the step-down chip U3, the capacitor C12 is connected to the 8th pin of the step-down chip U3, the resistor R3 is connected to the 1st pin of the step-down chip U3, the collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to the 2nd and 3rd pins of the step-down chip U3 and is connected to the resistor R4, the emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to the 4th and 5th pins of the step-down chip U3, and the base of the transistor Q3 is connected to the resistor R5.

[0052] RS-485 communication is primarily used to connect detection components and display screens. The microcontroller's control logic actively queries the detection component's real-time parameters and transmits these parameters to the display screen via the RS-485 communication circuit, enabling human-computer interaction. Here, we use the MAX3485 chip, which utilizes differential signaling via two lines, A and B. Line A outputs a positive voltage, while line B outputs a negative voltage. The bus level is calculated by subtracting the level of line B from the level of line A, enabling high-speed, interference-resistant data transmission. In this circuit, the hardware circuit is modified to an automatic transceiver circuit. By adding a transistor, automatic switching between transceiver and transceiver is achieved. When the TX signal is high, the transistor conducts, grounding the RE and DE pins, entering receive mode. When the TX signal is low, the transistor turns off, connecting the RE and DE pins high, entering transmit mode.

[0053] like Figure 7 As shown, the WIFI communication circuit includes a resistor R10, a resistor R11, a capacitor C18 and a communication chip U10. The resistor R10 is connected to the RST terminal of the communication chip U10, the resistor R11 is connected to the second pin of the communication chip U10, and the capacitor C18 is connected to the 7th pin and the 10th pin of the communication chip U10.

[0054] The Wi-Fi communication circuit is primarily used to transmit real-time data collected by the underlying equipment, including temperature, humidity, PM1.0, PM2.5, PM10, formaldehyde, TVOC, and carbon dioxide, to a cloud platform or mobile app. Here, we use the ESP-12F system-on-chip (SoC). This system-on-chip integrates Wi-Fi functionality and a microcontroller, reducing the developer burden. It supports multiple communication protocols, including HTTP and MQTT, making it suitable for a wide range of network applications. This circuit is suitable for a variety of applications, including smart homes, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and remote monitoring systems. In this circuit, we simply connect its TX and RX pins to the TX and RX pins of the microcontroller.

[0055] like Figure 8As shown, the temperature and humidity detection circuit in the temperature and humidity sensor module includes resistors R8, R9, capacitor C17 and detection chip U8. Resistors R8 and R9 are connected in series and connected to the 3rd and 4th pins of the detection chip U8. Capacitor C17 is connected to the 2nd and 5th pins of the detection chip U8. In order to collect more accurate external environment information, the temperature and humidity detection circuit uses the AHT20 chip. Due to the fact that industrial occasions in some special environments may cause the temperature to be below zero degrees Celsius, AHT20 is superior to previous ones such as DHT11 / DHT12 / SHT30. The relative humidity measurement range of AHT20 is: 0%-100% with an accuracy of ±2%RH, and the temperature measurement range is: -40℃~+85℃ with an accuracy of ±0.3℃. It has a 20-bit ADC resolution to ensure the accuracy of the measurement results. The circuit adopts standard I 2 C data output signal format is convenient for communication with microcontrollers and other devices. A 4.7k pull-up resistor is added to the clock line and data line respectively to ensure stable signal transmission. In terms of power supply, a filter capacitor is used to filter out the peak value of the input voltage to avoid damage to the IC chip.

[0056] Although the present invention has been described in detail above using general descriptions and specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made to the present invention. Therefore, such modifications or improvements, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, are within the scope of protection claimed herein.

Claims

1. A cloud-based air detection device, characterized in that: The system includes a DC power supply, a backup power supply, a power conversion circuit, a power step-down circuit, a single-chip computer system, a detection component, an RS-485 communication circuit, and a WIFI communication circuit. The DC power supply and the backup power supply are switched through the power conversion circuit. The DC power supply or the backup power supply is processed by the power step-down circuit to obtain a step-down power supply. The step-down power supply supplies power to the single-chip computer system, the detection component, the RS-485 communication circuit, and the WIFI communication circuit. The air quality data detected by the detection component is processed by the single-chip computer system and then transmitted to the display screen through the RS-485 communication circuit. The air quality data detected by the detection component is processed by the single-chip computer system and then transmitted to the cloud platform or mobile phone APP device through the WIFI communication circuit.

2. The cloud-based air detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power conversion circuit includes a diode D26, a driver chip RELAY2, a transistor Q13, a resistor R82, a resistor R83, a resistor R84, a resistor R85 and a diode D27. The diode D26 is connected between the 1st pin and the 4th pin of the driver chip RELAY2, the collector of the transistor Q13 is connected to the 1st pin of the driver chip RELAY2, the resistor R82 is connected between the emitter and the base of the transistor Q13, the resistor R83 is connected to the base of the transistor Q13, the resistor R84 is connected to the 2nd pin of the driver chip RELAY2, the resistor R85 and the diode D27 are connected in parallel and in series with the resistor R84.

3. The cloud-based air detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply step-down circuit includes a first step-down circuit, a second step-down circuit and a third step-down circuit. The first step-down circuit steps down the DC power supply or the backup power supply to 5V, the second step-down circuit steps down the 5V power supply to 3.3V, and the third step-down circuit steps down the DC power supply or the backup power supply to 3.3V.

4. The cloud-based air detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first step-down circuit includes capacitor C16, capacitor C13, step-down chip U6, diode D4, inductor L1, capacitor C14 and capacitor C15. The capacitor C16 and capacitor C13 are connected in parallel and connected to pin 1, pin 3 and pin 5 of the step-down chip U6. The two ends of the diode D4 are respectively connected to pin 2 and pins 3 and 5 of the step-down chip U6. The capacitor C14 and capacitor C15 are connected in parallel and connected to pins 2 and 4 and pins 3 and 5 of the step-down chip U6. The inductor L1 is connected in series between the diode D4 and the capacitor C14.

5. The cloud-based air detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second step-down circuit includes capacitor C4, capacitor C5, capacitor C6, capacitor C7, capacitor C8, capacitor C9, capacitor C10, capacitor C11 and step-down chip U2. The capacitor C4 and capacitor C5 are connected in parallel and connected to pin 3 of the step-down chip U2. The capacitor C6, capacitor C7, capacitor C8, capacitor C9, capacitor C10 and capacitor C11 are connected in parallel and connected to pin 2 and pin 4 of the step-down chip U2.

6. The cloud-based air detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The third step-down circuit includes capacitor C31, capacitor C30, capacitor C29, capacitor C28, capacitor C27, inductor L2, capacitor C26, resistor R14, capacitor C25, step-down chip U12, capacitor C24, capacitor C23, capacitor C22, capacitor C21, capacitor C20, capacitor C19, resistor R15, resistor R16 and capacitor C32. The capacitor C31, capacitor C30, capacitor C29, capacitor C28 and capacitor C27 are connected in parallel, the capacitor C27 is connected in series with the inductor L2, the inductor L2 and capacitor C26 are connected in series, the inductor L2 is connected to the second pin of the step-down chip U12, and the capacitor C26 is connected to the step-down chip U12. The capacitor C27 is connected in series with the capacitor C25, the capacitor C25 is connected to the 4th pin of the buck chip U12, the resistor R14 is connected to the 3rd pin, the 7th pin and the 8th pin of the buck chip U12, the capacitor C23, the capacitor C22, the capacitor C21, the capacitor C20 and the capacitor C19 are connected in parallel and connected to the 7th pin and the 8th pin of the buck chip U12, the capacitor C24 is connected in series with the capacitor C23 and connected to the 6th pin of the buck chip U12, the resistor R15 and the capacitor C32 are connected in parallel, the resistor R16 is connected in series with the resistor R15 and connected to the 5th pin of the buck chip U12.

7. The cloud-based air detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The RS-485 communication circuit includes a diode D1, a diode D2, a diode D3, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, a capacitor C12, a step-down chip U3, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a transistor Q2 and a resistor R5. The diode D1, the diode D2 and the diode D3 are connected in series. The resistor R6 is connected in parallel with the diode D1 and connected to the 7th pin of the step-down chip U3. The resistor R7 is connected in series with the diode D2 and connected to the 6th pin of the step-down chip U3. The capacitor C12 is connected to the 8th pin of the step-down chip U3. The resistor R3 is connected to the 1st pin of the step-down chip U3. The collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to the 2nd and 3rd pins of the step-down chip U3 and is connected to the resistor R4. The emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to the 4th and 5th pins of the step-down chip U3. The base of the transistor Q3 is connected to the resistor R5.

8. The cloud-based air detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The WIFI communication circuit includes a resistor R10, a resistor R11, a capacitor C18 and a communication chip U10. The resistor R10 is connected to the RST terminal of the communication chip U10, the resistor R11 is connected to the second pin of the communication chip U10, and the capacitor C18 is connected to the seventh and tenth pins of the communication chip U10.

9. The cloud-based air detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection component includes a PM2.5 sensor module, a formaldehyde sensor module, a TVOC sensor module, a carbon dioxide sensor module and a temperature and humidity sensor module.

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