Hillside pond structure
By introducing multi-layer anti-seepage system and ecological protection layer into Shanping Pond, the leakage and water degradation problems of traditional Shanping Ponds are solved, and the anti-seepage performance and ecological quality of water bodies are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422623906.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-29
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-22
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-10-29
AI Technical Summary
Traditional Shanping Ponds lack leakage-proof and anti-seepage treatment, resulting in leakage and water environmental degradation.
The structure design of the pond and sill body is adopted, including the multi-layer anti-seepage system of the pond and sill body, and the geo-seepage anti-seepage film and sodium-based bentonite anti-seepage blanket is used, combined with the anchor groove and foot protection structure to enhance the anti-seepage performance, and an ecological protection layer is set up at the pond slope and sill to improve the water environment.
It has achieved excellent anti-seepage and leakage protection performance of Shanpingtang, improved stability, good ecological environment of the water body, and has the functions of water storage and slow flow.
Smart Images
Figure CN223256173U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the field of water conservancy facilities, in particular to a mountain pond structure. Background Art
[0002] Shanpingtang, also known as weir pond, mountain bay pond, or pingtang, is a small agricultural water storage project with a storage capacity of 500 to 100,000 cubic meters, built by collectives or individuals in China's hilly, seasonally arid regions. It primarily addresses water needs for rural production and domestic use and is considered a small-scale water conservancy facility. Generally speaking, a dammed pond on a hill with an open edge on three sides is called a Shanpingtang; a pond dug below flat ground is called a Pingtang. Together, these two types of ponds are known as Shanpingtang. Only a very small number of traditional Shanpingtangs are naturally formed; the majority are man-made. Previously constructed Shanpingtangs were simply dammed with stone blocks, lacking anti-leakage and anti-seepage treatment on the pond bottom and bank, and lacking ecological management of the water within. This has led to problems such as leakage and water degradation over the long term use of Shanpingtangs. Utility Model Content
[0003] The utility model is intended to provide a mountain pond structure to improve the existing mountain ponds which lack anti-leakage and anti-seepage treatment, lack ecological management of the water in the pond, and have leakage and water environment degradation problems during long-term use.
[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solution: a mountain pond structure, including a pond bank and a pond body, the pond body including a pond bottom and a pond slope, the pond bottom and the pond slope are provided with a foundation layer, a foundation cushion layer, an anti-seepage layer, a protective layer and a covering layer from bottom to top, a foot guard is provided on the covering layer where the bottom of the pond slope transitions to the pond bottom, the foot guard surrounds the pond bottom, the pond bank includes an earth bank, and the water-facing surface of the earth bank is provided with a stone bank layer formed by mortar-laid stone strips.
[0005] Preferably, as an improvement, the anti-seepage layer is a geotechnical anti-seepage membrane.
[0006] Preferably, as an improvement, the anti-seepage layer is a sodium-based bentonite anti-seepage blanket.
[0007] Preferably, as an improvement, anchor trenches are dug around the top of the pond slope, and the anti-seepage layer is closely attached to the trench wall and trench bottom of the anchor trench and compacted by backfill soil.
[0008] Preferably, as an improvement, the width and depth of the anchoring groove are both greater than or equal to 500 mm.
[0009] Preferably, as an improvement, the foot guard is formed by stacking stones with a diameter greater than 300 mm.
[0010] Preferably, as an improvement, the height of the pond bank is greater than 2m, and a protective fence is provided at the top of the pond bank.
[0011] The principles and advantages of this solution are as follows: In practice, the water-facing side of the pond bank is reinforced and waterproofed using M7.5 mortar-lined stone masonry on the existing earthen bank foundation. Stone masonry is used, and the pond anti-seepage system includes a foundation layer, cushion layer, anti-seepage layer, protective layer, and backfill layer. When the pond bottom is bedrock, mechanical chiseling is required to reach the designed foundation elevation. When the pond bottom is old soil, compaction and leveling are employed. When the foundation is weak soil, soil replacement or other appropriate measures are used to treat the foundation to achieve the required bearing capacity. The cushion layer is backfilled with 5cm coarse sand and should be free of debris such as grass and tree roots. The anti-seepage layer is a geomembrane made primarily of sodium bentonite. The membrane is laid using an embedded method. During installation, the geomembrane should not be stretched too tight. The natural wrinkles on both horizontal and vertical surfaces should be 5% to 8%, and a 3% to 5% expansion and contraction allowance should be allowed. The protective layer and cover layer provide an ecological foundation for aquatic plants and animals, forming microtopography, increasing pond habitat heterogeneity, and ensuring hydrological connectivity within the base-pond system. This ensures stormwater control, water storage, slowing flow, and providing a habitat for organisms. Footings are installed at the bottom of the pond slope to absorb shear forces along the slope's cross-section. The footings are naturally stacked and aligned, creating a natural shape. The width of the pond base at the top of the slope can be controlled to 80-120 cm, depending on the pond's size, and the base should be 50 cm above the pond's design water level.
[0012] A mountain pond with such a structure has excellent anti-seepage and anti-leakage properties, a stable and reliable pond bank structure, excellent anti-seepage effect of the pond body, powerful water storage and slow flow functions, and good water ecology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:
[0015] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: pond bank 1, pond slope 2, pond bottom 3, foundation layer 4, foundation cushion layer 5, anti-seepage layer 6, protective layer 7, cover layer 8, pond base 9, anchor ditch 10, and protective fence 11.
[0016] The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached Figure 1The figure shows a mountain pond structure, comprising a bank 1 and a pond body. The pond body comprises a bottom 3 and a slope 2. From bottom to top, the bottom 3 and slope 2 are provided with a foundation layer 4, a foundation cushion 5, an anti-seepage layer 6, a protective layer 7, and a cover layer 8. If the bottom 3 is bedrock, mechanical chiseling is required to reach the designed foundation elevation. If the foundation is old soil, compaction and leveling are employed. If the foundation is soft soil, soil replacement or other appropriate measures are employed to treat the foundation to achieve the designed bearing capacity. The foundation cushion 5 is a 5 cm thick layer of coarse sand backfill, free of debris such as grass and tree roots.
[0017] The anti-seepage layer 6 is a sodium-based bentonite blanket. Anchor trenches 10 are dug around the top and bottom of the pond slope 2. The anti-seepage layer 6 adheres closely to the walls and bottom of the anchor trench 10 and is compacted with backfill soil. The width and depth of the anchor trench 10 are both greater than or equal to 500 mm. A foot guard is installed on the backfill layer 8, where the bottom of the pond slope 2 transitions to the pond bottom 3. The foot guard is constructed of stacked stones with a diameter greater than 300 mm and is used to withstand shear forces generated by the pond along the cross-section of the pond slope 2. The foot guard is naturally stacked and aligned, creating a natural look.
[0018] The protective layer 7 is a concrete layer, and the backing layer 8 is a loam layer with a thickness of ≥300 mm. The backing layer 8 is covered with loam and then beaten with a beater to a depth of 20 cm to provide conditions for plant growth. Aquatic plant communities are planted on the backing layer 8. The aquatic plant communities are selected based on the principles of cold resistance, environmental purification, ornamental value, and economic value. The submerged water or wetland plants include Acorus calamus (30-40 buds / m2), Zizania latifolia (10-15 plants / m2), Schizonepeta tenuifolia (30-40 buds / m2), and Juncus wickii (30-40 buds / m2).
[0019] The top of the pond slope 2 is a pond base 9 exposed to the water surface. The width of the pond base 9 is set according to the size of the mountain pond. In this embodiment, it is controlled at 80-120 cm. The pond base 9 is 50 cm higher than the design water level of the mountain pond.
[0020] The pond bank 1 comprises an earthen bank, the water-facing side of which is provided with a stone bank layer formed by masonry of M7.5 mortar. The stone bank layer reinforces the pond bank 1 and enhances its anti-seepage performance. When the height of the pond bank 1 is greater than 2m, a plant protection fence 11 is provided at the top of the pond bank 1.
[0021] The mountain pond with such a structure has excellent anti-seepage and anti-leakage performance. The structure of the pond bank 1 is stable and reliable, the pond body has excellent anti-seepage effect, powerful water storage and slow flow functions, and good water ecology.
[0022] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention, and the commonly known specific technical solutions and / or features of the solution are not described in detail here. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several variations and improvements can be made, which should also be considered as the scope of protection of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.
Claims
1. A mountain pond structure, comprising a pond bank and a pond body, wherein the pond body comprises a pond bottom and a pond slope, characterized in that: The pond bottom and pond slope are equipped with foundation layer, foundation cushion layer, anti-seepage layer, protective layer and cover layer from bottom to top. A foot guard is provided on the cover layer where the bottom of the pond slope transitions to the pond bottom. The foot guard surrounds the pond bottom. The pond embankment includes an earth embankment, and the water-facing surface of the earth embankment is provided with a stone embankment layer formed by mortar-laid stone strips.
2. A mountain pond structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-seepage layer is a geotechnical anti-seepage membrane.
3. A mountain pond structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The anti-seepage layer is a sodium-based bentonite anti-seepage blanket.
4. A mountain pond structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: Anchor trenches are dug around the top of the pond slope, and the anti-seepage layer is close to the trench wall and bottom of the anchor trench and compacted by backfill soil.
5. The mountain pond structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The width and depth of the anchor trench are both greater than or equal to 500mm.
6. The mountain pond structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The foot guard is formed by stacking stones with a diameter greater than 300 mm.
7. The mountain pond structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The height of the pond bank is greater than 2m, and a protective fence is provided at the top of the pond bank.