Modularized direct-cooling type thermal management system and battery energy storage equipment

Abstract

The utility model provides a modularized direct-cooling type heat management system and battery energy storage equipment, and relates to the technical field of battery energy storage. The modularized direct-cooling type thermal management system comprises a refrigerating device and an immersed battery assembly, the refrigerating device comprises a compressor, a condenser, a filter and an expansion valve. A refrigerant channel between the outlet end of the compressor and the inlet end of the compressor is connected with the condenser, the filter and the expansion valve. The immersed battery assembly comprises at least one immersed battery, the immersed battery comprises a battery shell, a battery module, a heat exchanger and a turbulator, the heat exchanger is connected to a refrigerant channel of the refrigerating device, the battery module, the heat exchanger and the turbulator are respectively mounted in the battery shell, and the battery shell is filled with cooling liquid; the battery module is immersed in the cooling liquid. The modular direct cooling type thermal management system is provided. The technical effects of improving the maintainability, improving the maintenance efficiency and reducing the use cost can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of battery energy storage technology, and in particular to a modular direct-cooling thermal management system and a battery energy storage device. Background Art

[0002] At present, energy storage thermal management technology mainly faces the risk of battery thermal runaway. This problem may cause the chemical reaction inside the battery to get out of control under certain conditions such as high temperature, overcharging, and internal short circuit, thereby generating a large amount of heat and even causing fire or explosion. In order to deal with this risk, the main thermal runaway suppression management methods currently include thermal management design prevention and BMS (Battery Management System) monitoring. Thermal management design prevention mainly prevents thermal runaway by improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery, among which liquid cooling is a thermal management method with higher heat dissipation efficiency. BMS monitoring avoids thermal runaway caused by overcharging and discharging by improving the estimation accuracy of the battery status, and can set temperature classification alarms to warn the system at the beginning of thermal abuse so that timely countermeasures can be taken.

[0003] In the existing technology, the immersion liquid cooling thermal management solution for energy storage batteries has significant advantages in improving battery thermal management efficiency, ensuring safe battery operation, and extending battery life. For the existing immersion liquid cooling thermal management technology, its system complexity and cost are relatively high. Although immersion liquid cooling technology can improve heat dissipation efficiency, its system design is relatively complex and needs to consider factors such as the coolant circulation system, refrigeration system, and insulation performance, which will lead to increased system costs, especially in large-scale energy storage systems. In addition, existing immersion energy storage products are usually immersed in a whole cluster, the liquid cooling box is huge, and the amount of coolant used is large. Operations such as coolant replacement, system cleaning and maintenance may be relatively complicated and time-consuming, difficult to maintain, and low maintenance efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a modular direct-cooling thermal management system and battery energy storage equipment, which can achieve the technical effects of improving maintainability, improving maintenance efficiency and reducing usage costs.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a modular direct-cooling thermal management system, comprising a refrigeration device and an immersion battery assembly;

[0006] The refrigeration device includes a compressor, a condenser, a filter and an expansion valve, and the refrigerant channel between the outlet end of the compressor and the inlet end of the compressor is connected to the condenser, the filter and the expansion valve;

[0007] The submerged battery assembly includes at least one submerged battery, which includes a battery housing, a battery module, a heat exchanger and a spoiler rotor. The heat exchanger is connected to the refrigerant channel of the refrigeration device. The battery module, the heat exchanger and the spoiler rotor are respectively installed inside the battery housing, and the battery housing is filled with coolant, and the battery module is immersed in the coolant.

[0008] In the above implementation process, by adopting the single-pack immersion technology, each submerged battery is designed as an independent submerged unit module, and each submerged battery is independent of each other without coupling design. The heat exchanger is built into the battery shell of the submerged battery and only shares the same cold source, that is, the refrigeration device, for heat exchange; thus, the corresponding heat exchanger pipeline can be cut off during maintenance and separately dismantled for maintenance, which effectively improves maintainability, improves maintenance efficiency, and saves coolant and labor costs; thus, the modular direct-cooling thermal management system can achieve the technical effects of improving maintainability, improving maintenance efficiency and reducing use costs.

[0009] Furthermore, the turbulence rotor is a pulsed turbulence rotor, and the pulsed turbulence rotor performs turbulent rotation on the coolant in the battery housing according to a preset frequency.

[0010] In the above implementation process, by setting the spoiler rotor as a pulse-controlled pulse spoiler rotor, the spoiler rotor is disturbed according to the preset frequency, which can not only ensure the effective uniform temperature mixing of the coolant, but also effectively save energy and avoid the waste of electricity caused by long-term rotor turbulence.

[0011] Furthermore, the submerged battery includes a plurality of spoiler rotors, which are arranged between the gap between the battery housing and the battery module.

[0012] In the above implementation process, the turbulence efficiency is ensured by providing a plurality of turbulence rotors, thereby ensuring that the coolant can be quickly and effectively mixed at a uniform temperature in a short time.

[0013] Furthermore, the refrigeration device further includes a pressure sensor, which is arranged in the refrigerant channel between the outlet end of the compressor and the inlet end of the compressor.

[0014] In the above implementation process, the pipeline pressure of the refrigerant channel in the refrigeration device is monitored by the pressure sensor, so that the operation of the refrigeration device is regulated according to the monitored pressure value to ensure the operational stability of the refrigeration device.

[0015] Furthermore, the refrigeration device further includes at least one temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet end of the corresponding heat exchanger.

[0016] In the above implementation process, the refrigerant temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger is monitored by a temperature sensor, and the operation of the corresponding submerged battery is regulated according to the monitored temperature information to ensure that the submerged battery can maintain a constant temperature within the energy storage operating conditions, thereby maximizing the battery life.

[0017] Furthermore, the submerged battery further includes a battery management system, which is matched with the battery housing and connected to the battery module.

[0018] In the above implementation process, the battery management system, namely BMS, manages the operation of each battery cell in the battery module through the battery management system.

[0019] Furthermore, the battery module includes a plurality of battery cells, wherein two adjacent battery cells are separated by a mesh support sheet, and the interval between the two adjacent battery cells is at least 2 mm.

[0020] In the above implementation process, a 2mm gap is left between each battery cell in the battery module and separated by a mesh support sheet to ensure that the coolant can circulate and the coolant can effectively remove the heat generated by the battery cell. At the same time, it can provide support for the expansion force during charging and discharging of the battery cell.

[0021] Furthermore, the battery housing is a sealed structural housing, and the shell protection grade of the sealed structural housing is IP68.

[0022] Furthermore, the refrigeration device further includes a condensing fan assembly, the condensing fan assembly includes at least one condensing fan, and the condensing fan is matched with the condenser.

[0023] In the above implementation process, the condensing fan cooperates with the condenser to effectively improve the condensing efficiency of the condenser.

[0024] In a second aspect, the present application provides a battery energy storage device, comprising the modular direct-cooling thermal management system described in any one of the first aspects.

[0025] Other features and advantages disclosed in the present application will be described in the following description, or some features and advantages can be inferred or determined without doubt from the description, or can be learned by implementing the above-mentioned technology disclosed in the present application.

[0026] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a modular direct cooling thermal management system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an immersion battery provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the top view of the submerged battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Figure numerals: refrigeration device 10; compressor 11; condenser 12; filter 13; expansion valve 14; pressure sensor 15; temperature sensor 16; condensing fan 17; immersed battery assembly 20; immersed battery 21; battery housing 211; battery module 212; heat exchanger 213; spoiler rotor 214; battery management system 215. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application generally described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the application for protection, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0033] In this application, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "back," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "center," "vertical," "horizontal," "transverse," and "longitudinal" indicate positions or locations based on the positions or locations shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily intended to better describe this application and its embodiments and are not intended to limit the devices, elements, or components indicated to having a specific orientation, or to being constructed or operated in a specific orientation.

[0034] Furthermore, some of the above terms may be used to express other meanings besides indicating a position or location. For example, the term "on" may also be used to indicate a dependency or connection in certain circumstances. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0035] Furthermore, the terms "installed," "disposed," "provided with," "connected," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, removable connections, or integral structures; mechanical connections or point connections; direct connections, indirect connections through an intermediary, or internal communication between two devices, elements, or components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0036] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are primarily used to distinguish between different devices, elements, or components (which may or may not be of the same type and configuration), and are not intended to indicate or imply the relative importance or quantity of the devices, elements, or components indicated. Unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0037] In terms of energy storage thermal management technology, the more mature technologies currently are air cooling and liquid cooling. Air cooling technology currently dominates energy storage systems, while liquid cooling solutions are expected to see increasing penetration in the future. Air cooling technology is widely used in energy storage systems with lower power density due to its simple structure, safety, reliability, and ease of implementation. Liquid cooling technology dissipates heat through indirect contact between the coolant and the battery cells, resulting in higher cooling efficiency. Compared to air cooling systems, it reduces the use of mechanical components such as fans, resulting in lower failure rates, lower noise levels, reduced system power consumption, and greater environmental friendliness. Therefore, liquid cooling solutions offer significant advantages in ensuring energy storage system safety and heat dissipation efficiency.

[0038] Regarding liquid cooling technology, to improve the safety and overall efficiency of energy storage products, more and more new thermal management solutions have been proposed, mainly including immersion liquid cooling and refrigerant phase change direct cooling, which can significantly improve heat exchange efficiency and thermal runaway management.

[0039] Immersed liquid cooling is an efficient and safe thermal management technology for energy storage batteries, and is currently receiving increasing attention and research. The core of this technology is to completely immerse the battery in a non-conductive coolant. The circulating coolant effectively absorbs and removes the heat generated by the battery, thereby maintaining the battery within the optimal operating temperature range, extending battery life, and significantly improving the safety performance of the energy storage system.

[0040] Currently, immersion liquid cooling technology is divided into single-phase immersion liquid cooling and two-phase immersion liquid cooling. Single-phase immersion liquid cooling mainly uses coolants with high boiling points, such as hydrocarbons and silicone-based oils. These coolants remain stable liquid after absorbing heat. Two-phase immersion liquid cooling uses the phase change of the coolant to achieve more efficient heat dissipation. In actual applications, single-phase immersion liquid cooling is more common and is mainly used in data centers and certain specific energy storage systems.

[0041] In the energy storage sector, fully immersed liquid cooling technology is highly regarded for its high efficiency and safety. This technology can completely resolve battery fire safety issues. By immersing the entire battery cell in insulating coolant, it is completely isolated from oxygen, eliminating two of the three elements of combustion (temperature and oxygen), thereby resolving the technical challenge of safe battery operation. Furthermore, fully immersed liquid cooling technology can effectively reduce the variability of battery operating temperatures, improving the performance and stability of the entire energy storage system.

[0042] In general, the immersion liquid cooling thermal management solution for energy storage batteries has significant advantages in improving battery thermal management efficiency, ensuring battery safe operation, and extending battery life. With the continuous development and optimization of technology, it is expected that this technology will be more widely used and promoted in the energy storage field in the future.

[0043] Existing energy storage battery thermal management technology has some deficiencies and defects, mainly including the following aspects:

[0044] (1) Thermal runaway risk: Under certain conditions, such as high temperature, overcharging, and internal short circuits, energy storage batteries may experience runaway chemical reactions, generating significant heat and potentially causing fire or explosion. This requires thermal management technology to effectively prevent and control thermal runaway to ensure the safe operation of the energy storage system.

[0045] (2) Charge and discharge efficiency and thermal management requirements: With the upgrade of electrochemical energy storage, the increase in charge and discharge rate has put forward higher requirements for energy storage thermal management. For example, 0.5C and 1C energy storage batteries enter the dangerous outbreak period faster under thermal runaway, so it is necessary to further improve the heat exchange efficiency of energy storage thermal management.

[0046] (3) Heat dissipation efficiency and technology selection: Currently, air cooling technology is more common in energy storage systems with lower power density, but liquid cooling technology is expected to be more widely used in the future due to its higher heat exchange efficiency and smaller footprint. Liquid cooling solutions have higher cooling efficiency, especially in large energy storage power stations.

[0047] Energy storage thermal management system functions and technical routes: Energy storage thermal management systems need to provide battery heat dissipation, preheating, temperature balancing, energy storage and scheduling, and thermal energy recycling. These functions are achieved through two modes: passive thermal management and active thermal management. Active thermal management accelerates heat dissipation through active cooling devices such as fans, radiators, and coolants, but requires more power support and increases system complexity and overall cost.

[0048] Existing immersion thermal management systems are complex and expensive. Although immersion liquid cooling technology can improve heat dissipation efficiency, its system design is relatively complex and requires consideration of factors such as the coolant circulation system, refrigeration system, and insulation performance. This will increase system costs, especially in large-scale energy storage systems.

[0049] Furthermore, due to the complexity of the system, immersion liquid cooling technology can face challenges in maintenance and operation. For example, existing immersion energy storage products are typically fully submerged, with large liquid cooling tanks and high coolant consumption. Coolant replacement, system cleaning, and maintenance can be complex and time-consuming.

[0050] At the same time, the performance of immersion liquid cooling technology can be affected under extreme environmental conditions, such as high or low temperatures. Existing immersion liquid cooling systems are all circulating pressure-type. During long-term operation, the performance of the coolant may degrade over time, requiring regular replacement or maintenance.

[0051] In response to the technical problems raised above, the embodiments of the present application provide a modular direct-cooling thermal management system and a battery energy storage device. The modular direct-cooling thermal management system adopts single-pack immersion technology to design each immersed battery as an independent immersed unit module. The immersed batteries are independent of each other and are not coupled. The heat exchanger is built into the battery housing of the immersed battery and only shares the same cold source, namely the refrigeration device, for heat exchange. Therefore, during maintenance, the corresponding heat exchanger pipelines can be cut off and individually disassembled for maintenance, effectively improving maintainability and efficiency, and saving coolant and labor costs. See Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a modular direct-cooling thermal management system provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the modular direct-cooling thermal management system includes a refrigeration device 10 and an immersion battery assembly 20;

[0052] Exemplarily, the refrigeration device 10 includes a compressor 11, a condenser 12, a filter 13, and an expansion valve 14. The refrigerant channel between the outlet end of the compressor 11 and the inlet end of the compressor 11 is connected to the condenser 12, the filter 13, and the expansion valve 14;

[0053] Alternatively, as Figure 1As shown, the connection order of the refrigeration device is: the outlet end of the compressor 11 → the condenser 12 → the filter 13 → the expansion valve 14 → the heat exchanger 213 → the inlet end of the compressor 11; it should be noted that the connection order of the refrigeration device shown in the embodiment of the present application can be adjusted accordingly according to actual needs and internal logic. Figure 1 The connection order shown is by way of example only and is not limiting.

[0054] In some optional embodiments, the refrigerant in the refrigeration device can be a phase-change refrigerant; wherein, the refrigeration device is filled with a phase-change refrigerant, which is compressed by the compressor 11, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is cooled by the condenser 12, throttled by the expansion valve 14, and then flows through the heat exchanger 213 for evaporation and heat absorption, thereby achieving a refrigeration effect.

[0055] Optionally, the filter 13 in the embodiment of the present application is a dry filter.

[0056] Exemplarily, the submerged battery assembly 20 includes at least one submerged battery 21, the submerged battery 21 includes a battery housing 211, a battery module 212, a heat exchanger 213 and a spoiler rotor 214, the heat exchanger 213 is connected to the refrigerant channel of the refrigeration device 10, the battery module 212, the heat exchanger 213 and the spoiler rotor 214 are respectively installed inside the battery housing 211, and the battery housing 211 is filled with coolant, and the battery module 212 is immersed in the coolant.

[0057] In some optional embodiments, the battery module 212, the heat exchanger 213 and the spoiler rotor 214 are all immersed in the coolant; when the submerged battery assembly 20 includes multiple submerged batteries 21, the heat exchangers 213 of the multiple submerged batteries 21 are incorporated into the refrigerant channel of the refrigeration device 10 in parallel.

[0058] For example, the immersed battery in the embodiment of the present application immerses the battery module 212 in the coolant, conducts the heat generated by the battery module 212 during operation to the heat exchanger 213 through the coolant, and completes the heat exchange between the refrigerant and the coolant through the heat exchanger 213, thereby taking away the heat generated by the battery module 212 during operation;

[0059] By designing a spoiler rotor 214 and immersing the spoiler rotor 214 in the coolant, the spoiler rotor 214 disturbs the coolant when the thermal management system is in operation, ensuring effective uniform temperature mixing of the coolant, so that the heat generated by the battery module 212 due to charging and discharging actions can be quickly and evenly transferred to the immersed coolant;

[0060] Optionally, the immersed battery is provided with a coolant temperature control system; when the coolant temperature control system monitors that the coolant temperature in the battery housing 211 rises, the refrigeration device 10 is started and the compressor 11 starts working. The circulated refrigerant evaporates and absorbs heat in the heat exchanger 213 of each immersed battery 21, taking away the heat, thereby maintaining the constant temperature of the coolant and the battery.

[0061] In some embodiments, the modular direct-cooling thermal management system adopts single-pack immersion technology to design each immersion battery as an independent immersion unit module, and each immersion battery is independent of each other without coupling design. The heat exchanger is built into the battery shell of the immersion battery and only shares the same cold source, i.e., the refrigeration device, for heat exchange; thus, the corresponding heat exchanger pipeline can be cut off during maintenance and separately dismantled for maintenance, effectively improving maintainability, improving maintenance efficiency, and saving coolant and labor costs; thus, the modular direct-cooling thermal management system can achieve the technical effects of improving maintainability, improving maintenance efficiency and reducing usage costs.

[0062] Exemplarily, the turbulence rotor 214 is a pulsed turbulence rotor, and the pulsed turbulence rotor performs turbulent rotation on the coolant in the battery housing according to a preset frequency.

[0063] For example, by setting the spoiler rotor 214 as a pulse-controlled pulse spoiler rotor, the spoiler rotor 214 is disturbed according to a preset frequency, thereby ensuring effective uniform temperature mixing of the coolant and effectively saving energy, thereby avoiding waste of electricity caused by long-term rotor turbulence.

[0064] Exemplarily, the submerged battery includes a plurality of spoiler rotors 214 , which are arranged between the gap between the battery housing and the battery module.

[0065] For example, the turbulence efficiency is ensured by providing a plurality of turbulence rotors 214 , thereby ensuring that the coolant can be quickly and effectively mixed at a uniform temperature in a short time.

[0066] Exemplarily, the refrigeration device 10 further includes a pressure sensor 15 , which is disposed in the refrigerant passage between the outlet end of the compressor 11 and the inlet end of the compressor 11 .

[0067] For example, the pressure sensor 15 is used to monitor the pipe pressure of the refrigerant channel in the refrigeration device 10, so that the operation of the refrigeration device 10 is regulated according to the monitored pressure value to ensure the operational stability of the refrigeration device.

[0068] Exemplarily, the refrigeration device 10 further includes at least one temperature sensor 16 , which is disposed at the outlet end of the corresponding heat exchanger 213 .

[0069] For example, the refrigerant temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger 213 is monitored by the temperature sensor 16, and the operation of the corresponding submerged battery 21 is regulated according to the monitored temperature information to ensure that the submerged battery 21 can maintain a constant temperature in the energy storage operating condition, thereby maximizing the battery life.

[0070] Please attend Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the immersion battery provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the top view of the submerged battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0071] Exemplarily, the submerged battery 21 further includes a battery management system 215 . The battery management system 215 is matched with the battery housing 211 and connected to the battery module 212 .

[0072] Illustratively, the battery management system 215 , namely BMS, manages the operation of each battery cell in the battery module 212 through the battery management system 215 .

[0073] Optionally, the battery management system 215 is arranged on the outside of the battery housing 211, that is, the battery management system 215 is not immersed in the coolant, ensuring the safe operation of the battery management system 215; it should be noted that the wiring harness between the battery management system 215 and the battery module 212 uses a partition plug to avoid leakage.

[0074] Illustratively, the battery module 212 includes a plurality of battery cells, wherein two adjacent battery cells are separated by a mesh support sheet, and the interval between the two adjacent battery cells is at least 2 mm.

[0075] For example, each battery cell in the battery module 212 is separated by a 2 mm interval and a mesh support sheet to ensure that the coolant can circulate and effectively remove the heat generated by the battery cells while providing support for the expansion force during charging and discharging of the battery cells.

[0076] Exemplarily, the battery housing 211 is a sealed structural housing, and the shell protection grade of the sealed structural housing is IP68.

[0077] Exemplarily, the refrigeration device 10 further includes a condensing fan assembly, which includes at least one condensing fan 17 , and the condensing fan 17 is matched with the condenser 12 .

[0078] For example, the condensing fan 17 cooperates with the condenser 12 to effectively improve the condensing efficiency of the condenser 12 .

[0079] For example, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery energy storage device, comprising Figures 1 to 3The modular direct cooling thermal management system shown.

[0080] In some embodiments, combined Figures 1 to 3 The modular direct-cooling thermal management system shown can effectively adapt to both small energy storage single cabinet systems (single cluster configuration 5-8 battery packs) and energy storage container systems (multiple battery clusters).

[0081] The modular direct cooling thermal management system provided in the embodiment of the present application may include a refrigeration device 10 and an immersed battery assembly 20. The refrigeration device 10 includes a compressor 11, a condenser 12, a condensing fan 17, a filter 13, an expansion valve 14, and an instrument system. The refrigeration device 10 is filled with a phase-change refrigerant. After being compressed by the compressor 11, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is cooled by the condenser 12, throttled by the expansion valve 14, and flows through the heat exchanger 213 to evaporate and absorb heat, thereby achieving a cooling effect.

[0082] The submerged battery assembly 20 includes at least one submerged battery 21, which includes a battery housing 211, a battery module 212, a battery management system 215, a heat exchanger 213, a spoiler rotor 214 and is filled with coolant. Figure 2 、 Figure 3 As shown; its battery module 212 is entirely immersed in the coolant, with a 2mm gap between each battery cell and a mesh support sheet separating them to provide support for the expansion force during battery charging and discharging; the battery housing 211 is designed as an IP68 sealed structure, and the wiring harness uses a partition plug to prevent leakage; the battery management system 215 is external, and the heat exchanger 213 is arranged in the gap between the battery housing 211 and the battery module 212 and is fully immersed in the coolant; a spoiler rotor 214 is designed and arranged in the rear gap between the battery housing 211 and the battery module 212 and is immersed in the coolant;

[0083] When the modular direct-cooling thermal management system is in operation, the heat generated by the battery module 212 in the immersed battery 21 due to the charging and discharging action can be quickly and evenly transferred to the immersed coolant. At this time, the coolant temperature control system detects that the coolant temperature of the battery cell has risen, starts the refrigeration device 10, and the compressor 11 starts working. The circulated refrigerant evaporates and absorbs heat in the heat exchanger 213 of each immersed battery 21, taking away the heat and maintaining the constant temperature of the coolant and the battery. Due to the compact structure of the immersed battery 21, the heat conduction effect of the coolant in the immersed battery 21 is limited. In order to ensure the optimal battery temperature uniformity and the constant temperature of the coolant, a turbulent rotor 214 is designed. It adopts pulse control and can be set to rotate the turbulent flow for 60 seconds every 30 minutes. This ensures the effective temperature uniformity of the coolant and can also effectively save energy and avoid the waste of electricity caused by long-term turbulence of the rotor.

[0084] To address the problem of uneven heat dissipation of the battery caused by the bottom cold plate heat exchange in conventional energy storage liquid cooling systems, which affects the battery life and the risk of thermal runaway caused by local high temperature of the battery, the embodiment of the present application is designed as an immersion thermal management system. The battery housing 211 of the immersion battery 21 is designed to have an IP68 protection level. Each battery cell in the battery module 212 is directly immersed in the low-temperature coolant. The heat generated during the battery charging and discharging process can be evenly transferred to the coolant, ensuring that the battery can maintain a constant temperature in the energy storage operating condition, that is, reaching the optimal temperature of 25°C required by the battery factory, thereby maximizing the battery life.

[0085] To address the complex structure and maintenance issues of conventional energy storage immersion cooling, the present embodiment abandons the large-box immersion technology of immersing the entire cluster and adopts a single-pack immersion technology. That is, each immersion battery 21 is designed as an independent immersion unit module. The immersion batteries 21 are independent of each other and are not coupled. The heat exchanger 213 is built into the battery housing 211 of the immersion battery 21 and only shares the same cold source for heat exchange. During maintenance, the heat exchanger pipeline can be disconnected and removed separately for maintenance, saving coolant and labor costs.

[0086] In order to solve the problem that the conventional immersion liquid cooling system is a circulating pressurized type, the coolant has a shortened life due to long-term flow friction and needs to be replaced regularly, and the pressurized coolant tank has a complex manufacturing process, is difficult to produce, and the risk of water leakage increases dramatically due to pressure increase; the embodiment of the present application is designed as a static immersion system, and adds a turbulent rotor 214, which can avoid the flow of coolant and ensure regular disturbance of the coolant to uniform the fluid temperature.

[0087] Illustratively, the modular direct-cooling thermal management system and battery energy storage device provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0088] 1. The modular direct-cooling, micro-perturbation immersion thermal management system is effectively adaptable to both small energy storage cabinet systems (single cluster configuration 5-8 battery packs) and energy storage container systems (multiple battery clusters);

[0089] 2. Due to the compact structure of the battery pack, the heat conduction effect of the coolant in the pack is limited. To ensure optimal battery temperature uniformity and constant coolant temperature, a turbulent rotor is designed. It uses pulse control and can be set to turbulently rotate for 60 seconds every 30 minutes. This ensures effective temperature uniformity of the coolant and can also effectively save energy by avoiding energy waste caused by long-term rotor turbulence.

[0090] 3. This solution abandons the large-box immersion technology of immersing the entire cluster and adopts single-pack immersion technology. That is, each battery pack is designed as an independent immersion unit module. The packs are independent of each other and are not coupled. The heat exchanger is built into the pack and only shares the same cooling source for heat exchange. During maintenance, the heat exchanger pipes can be disconnected and removed individually for maintenance, saving coolant and labor costs.

[0091] 4. This solution uses refrigerant to directly cool the battery PACK. The coolant is used as the coolant to directly exchange heat between the battery cell and the refrigerant, thereby increasing the heat exchange efficiency.

[0092] In all embodiments of the present application, "big" and "small" are relative, "more" and "less" are relative, and "up" and "down" are relative. The expressions of such relative terms will not be elaborated in the embodiments of the present application.

[0093] It should be understood that the phrases “in this embodiment,” “in an embodiment of the present application,” or “as an optional implementation” mentioned throughout the specification mean that specific features, structures, or characteristics related to the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, “in this embodiment,” “in an embodiment of the present application,” or “as an optional implementation” appearing throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, these specific features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner. Those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in the specification are all optional embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily required for the present application.

[0094] In the various embodiments of the present application, it should be understood that the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not necessarily mean the order of execution. The order of execution of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0095] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A modular direct cooling thermal management system, characterized in that: including refrigeration units and immersed battery assemblies; The refrigeration device includes a compressor, a condenser, a filter and an expansion valve, and the refrigerant channel between the outlet end of the compressor and the inlet end of the compressor is connected to the condenser, the filter and the expansion valve; The submerged battery assembly includes at least one submerged battery, which includes a battery housing, a battery module, a heat exchanger and a spoiler rotor. The heat exchanger is connected to the refrigerant channel of the refrigeration device. The battery module, the heat exchanger and the spoiler rotor are respectively installed inside the battery housing, and the battery housing is filled with coolant, and the battery module is immersed in the coolant.

2. The modular direct cooling thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The turbulence rotor is a pulsed turbulence rotor, and the pulsed turbulence rotor performs turbulent rotation on the coolant in the battery housing according to a preset frequency.

3. The modular direct cooling thermal management system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The submerged battery includes a plurality of spoiler rotors, which are arranged between the gap between the battery housing and the battery module.

4. The modular direct cooling thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refrigeration device further includes a pressure sensor, which is disposed in a refrigerant passage between an outlet end of the compressor and an inlet end of the compressor.

5. The modular direct cooling thermal management system according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The refrigeration device further includes at least one temperature sensor, which is disposed at an outlet end of the corresponding heat exchanger.

6. The modular direct cooling thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The submerged battery further includes a battery management system, which is matched with the battery housing and connected to the battery module.

7. The modular direct cooling thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery module includes a plurality of battery cells, wherein two adjacent battery cells are separated by a mesh support sheet, and the interval between the two adjacent battery cells is at least 2 mm.

8. The modular direct cooling thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery housing is a sealed structure housing, and the shell protection grade of the sealed structure housing is IP68.

9. The modular direct cooling thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refrigeration device further includes a condensing fan assembly, which includes at least one condensing fan, and the condensing fan is matched with the condenser.

10. A battery energy storage device, characterized in that: It comprises a modular direct cooling thermal management system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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