Special artificial blood vessel for dialysis patient

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of medical equipment, in particular to a special artificial blood vessel for a dialysis patient, which comprises an artery branch tube, a vein branch tube and a puncture needle, the artery branch tube and the vein branch tube are arranged in an X-shaped structure, the artery branch tube and the vein branch tube comprise an inlet tube, a thin branch tube and an outlet tube, and the tube diameter of the thin branch tube is smaller than that of the inlet tube and that of the outlet tube. A penetrating membrane is arranged between the artery branch tube and the vein branch tube, and the outer portion of the penetrating membrane is matched with the adjacent thin branch tube. The artery branch tube and the vein branch tube of the X-shaped structure do not interfere with each other, blind ends of blood vessels are avoided, a puncture needle penetrates through a penetrating membrane through the vein branch tube and then enters the artery branch tube under DSA equipment during dialysis, and due to the fact that the tube diameter of a thin branch tube is smaller than that of an inlet tube and that of an outlet tube, the blood flow speed is increased; arterial blood in the inlet pipe in the arterial branch pipe flows into the venous branch pipe from the side hole to form arterial and venous blood to be pumped into a dialysis machine, so that normal circulation of blood in a blood vessel is ensured, and the phenomena of blood clots, thrombus and the like are prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of medical equipment, in particular to an artificial blood vessel specially used for dialysis patients. Background Art

[0002] Currently, when dialysis patients undergo hemodialysis, waste and excess fluid in the patient's blood will be removed through the dialysis machine, while beneficial substances will be reabsorbed. The clean blood will then be re-injected into the body to simulate kidney filtration and maintain the body's electrolyte balance. Hemodialysis usually needs to be performed regularly. In order to withstand the high pressure and frequent use during the dialysis process, artificial blood vessels are used for hemodialysis to maintain the health of dialysis patients.

[0003] In the prior art, the patent with publication number CN115087474A discloses an innovative device for vascular access in dialysis treatment, including a first vertical branch artery and a second vertical branch vein. Both branches are hollow and arranged parallel to each other, and their lumens are connected through horizontal branches. The vertical branches and respectively include a distal part and a proximal part. It is implanted in the patient's forearm by full-channel anastomosis of the four stumps on the vertical branches and, after transversely cutting the two blood vessels, the two stumps of the artery and the two stumps of the vein and.

[0004] The above structure utilizes the first vertical branch artery and the second vertical branch vein for dialysis. However, during the dialysis process, due to the setting of the horizontal branches, the blood vessels have blind ends. Under long-term blood circulation, blood clots and thrombosis are prone to occur, which cannot reduce damage to the human body while ensuring sufficient dialysis. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to propose an artificial blood vessel specifically for dialysis patients, so as to solve the problem that the artificial blood vessel has a blind end, blood clots and thrombosis are prone to occur under long-term blood circulation, and it is impossible to reduce damage to the human body while ensuring sufficient dialysis.

[0006] Based on the above purpose, the utility model provides an artificial blood vessel dedicated to dialysis patients, including an arterial branch, a venous branch and a puncture needle, the arterial branch is connected to the artery, and the venous branch is connected to the vein; the arterial branch and the venous branch are arranged in an X-shaped structure; the arterial branch and the venous branch include an inlet tube, a thin branch and an outlet tube, the two ends of the thin branch are fixedly connected to the inlet tube and the outlet tube respectively, and the diameter of the thin branch is smaller than the diameter of the inlet tube and the outlet tube; a penetrating membrane is provided between the arterial branch and the venous branch, and the outer side of the penetrating membrane matches the adjacent thin branch; a side hole is opened on the puncture needle, and the puncture needle passes through the arterial branch, the penetrating membrane and the venous branch in sequence, and the puncture needle is used to connect the arterial branch and the venous branch.

[0007] Preferably, arc grooves corresponding to the arterial branches and venous branches are respectively opened on both sides of the penetrating membrane, and the inside of the penetrating membrane includes a matrix, an anticoagulant layer, and a material layer sequentially composed from the inside to the outside.

[0008] Preferably, the material layer is made of the same material as the arterial branch tube and the venous branch tube, and the exterior of the material layer is a porous structure.

[0009] Preferably, the anticoagulation layer is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polycaprolactone, and chitosan, and the interior of the matrix is ​​composed of microcapsules, and polymer precursors or repair agents are provided in the microcapsules.

[0010] Preferably, the interior of the arterial branch tube and the venous branch tube is composed of one or more of polylactic acid, polyvinyl alcohol-based poly or acrylonitrile fiber.

[0011] Preferably, the inlet pipe, thin branch pipe and outlet pipe are an integrated structure, and the diameter of the inlet pipe is the same as that of the outlet pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the puncture needle is tilted relative to the center of the penetration membrane, and the tilt angle of the puncture needle is less than 60 degrees.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by utilizing the X-shaped structure, the arterial branch and the venous branch do not interfere with each other, blood flows more smoothly, blind ends of the blood vessels are avoided, normal blood circulation in the blood vessels is ensured, and blood clots, thrombi, etc. are prevented; when the patient needs dialysis, under the imaging of the DSA device, the puncture needle penetrates the membrane through the venous branch and enters the interior of the arterial branch. The arterial blood in the arterial branch enters through the puncture needle needle. The arterial blood in the arterial branch enters through the puncture needle needle. The flow rate of the arterial blood entering the venous branch is increased. The arterial blood in the inlet tube of the arterial branch flows from the side hole into the venous branch to form arteriovenous blood, thereby forming a vascular pathway. Since the diameter of the thin branch is smaller than that of the inlet and outlet tubes, the blood flow rate is increased due to the change in the diameter, which significantly increases the blood flow in the vascular pathway; the arterial and venous blood is then drawn out through the artificial blood vessel into the dialysis machine, waste and excess fluid in the patient's blood are removed, and repeated needle sticks are avoided. The clean blood is then re-injected into the venous branch, and the blood purification is more complete, completing the entire dialysis. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only for the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the utility model;

[0016] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal cross-sectional structure of the entire utility model;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the penetrating membrane of the utility model;

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the puncture needle and the penetrating membrane of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 5 For this utility model Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part A.

[0020] The markings in the figure are: 1. Arterial branch; 2. Venous branch; 3. Inlet tube; 4. Outlet tube; 5. Thin branch tube; 6. Penetrating membrane; 7. Puncture needle; 8. Side hole; 9. Material layer; 10. Matrix; 11. Anticoagulant layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0022] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 As shown, an artificial blood vessel dedicated to dialysis patients includes an arterial branch 1, a venous branch 2 and a puncture needle 7. The arterial branch 1 is connected to the artery, and the venous branch 2 is connected to the vein. The arterial branch 1 and the venous branch 2 are arranged in an X-shaped structure. The arterial branch 1 and the venous branch 2 include an inlet tube 3, a thin branch 4 and an outlet tube 5. The two ends of the thin branch 4 are fixedly connected to the inlet tube 3 and the outlet tube 5 respectively. The diameter of the thin branch 4 is smaller than that of the inlet tube 3 and the outlet tube 5. A penetrating membrane 6 is provided between the arterial branch 1 and the venous branch 2. The outer portion of the penetrating membrane 6 matches the adjacent thin branch 4. A side hole 8 is opened on the puncture needle 7. The puncture needle 7 passes through the arterial branch 1, the penetrating membrane 6 and the venous branch 2 in sequence. The puncture needle 7 is used to connect the arterial branch 1 and the venous branch 2.

[0023] In this embodiment, the X-shaped structure prevents interference between the arterial branch 1 and the venous branch 2, ensuring smoother blood flow and preventing blind ends. This ensures normal blood flow within the vessels and prevents blood clots and thrombi. When a patient requires dialysis, under DSA imaging, a puncture needle 7 passes through the venous branch 2, penetrates the membrane 6, and enters the arterial branch 1. Arterial blood in the arterial branch 1 enters through the needle tip of the puncture needle 7. The arterial blood then enters the venous branch 2, increasing its flow rate. Arterial blood in the inlet tube 3 of the arterial branch 1 flows through the side hole 8 into the venous branch 2, forming an arteriovenous blood pathway. Because the diameter of the branch tube 5 is smaller than that of the inlet tube 3 and outlet tube 4, the change in diameter increases the blood flow rate, significantly increasing blood flow within the pathway. The arteriovenous blood is then withdrawn through the artificial blood vessel into the dialysis machine, where waste products and excess fluid are removed. The clean blood is then reintroduced into the venous branch 2, achieving more complete blood purification and completing the entire dialysis process.

[0024] As an implementation method, Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 As shown, arc grooves corresponding to the arterial branch 1 and the venous branch 2 are respectively opened on both sides of the penetrating membrane 6, and the inside of the penetrating membrane 6 includes a matrix 10, an anticoagulant layer 11, and a material layer 9 composed from the inside to the outside.

[0025] In this embodiment, the arc grooves on both sides of the penetrating membrane 6 are matched with the arterial branch 1 and the venous branch 2, so that the penetrating membrane 6 and the arterial branch 1 and the venous branch 2 form an integrated artificial blood vessel. The combination of the matrix 10, the anticoagulant layer 11 and the material layer 9 inside the penetrating membrane 6 makes it easy to re-form a thin film to block the arterial branch 1 and the venous branch 2 after puncture by the puncture needle 7.

[0026] As an implementation method, Figure 3 As shown, the material layer 9 is made of the same material as the arterial branch tube 1 and the venous branch tube 2 , and the exterior of the material layer 9 is a porous structure.

[0027] In this embodiment, a penetrating membrane 6 is used to connect the biocompatible materials in the arterial branch 1 and the venous branch 2, thereby improving the compatibility between the arterial branch 1 and the venous branch 2 in the artificial blood vessel and the human tissue, thereby preventing rejection, and the porous structure of the material layer 9 is conducive to cell penetration and tissue regeneration.

[0028] As an implementation method, Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 As shown, the anticoagulation layer 11 is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polycaprolactone, and chitosan, and the interior of the matrix 10 is composed of microcapsules, in which polymer precursors or repair agents are arranged.

[0029] In this embodiment, the microcapsules in the matrix 10 are used. When the microcapsules are punctured by the puncture needle 7, they will rupture and release chemical substances. These chemical substances will react chemically in the damaged area to form new compounds to fill the damage and automatically repair it. The puncture needle 7 avoids fixed-point puncture during dialysis. The anticoagulant layer 11 promotes blood vessel healing while preventing the rapid formation of blood clots after puncture.

[0030] As an implementation method, Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 As shown, the interior of the arterial branch tube 1 and the venous branch tube 2 is composed of one or more of polylactic acid, polyvinyl alcohol-based poly or acrylonitrile fiber.

[0031] This embodiment utilizes the good biocompatibility and degradation properties of polylactic acid, polyvinyl alcohol-based poly or acrylonitrile fibers to promote the growth and healing of vascular endothelial cells, thereby making the constructed arterial branch 1 and venous branch 2 have good biocompatibility and mechanical properties.

[0032] As an implementation method, Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, the inlet pipe 3, the thin branch pipe 4 and the outlet pipe 5 are an integrated structure, and the diameter of the inlet pipe 3 is the same as that of the outlet pipe 5.

[0033] In this embodiment, an integrated inlet tube 3, a thin branch tube 4 and an outlet tube 5 are used. In normal human blood, the arterial branch 1 and the venous branch 2 do not interfere with each other, and the X-shaped structure allows blood to flow more smoothly, avoiding blind ends in the blood vessels and ensuring normal blood circulation in the blood vessels.

[0034] As an implementation method, Figure 4 As shown, the puncture needle 7 is tilted relative to the center of the penetration membrane 6, and the tilt angle of the puncture needle 7 is less than 60 degrees.

[0035] In this embodiment, when a patient needs dialysis, under manual intervention, an external device drives the puncture needle 7 through the venous branch 2, penetrates the membrane 6, and enters the interior of the arterial branch 1, forming a vascular pathway. The smaller inclination angle cooperates with the vascular pathway to avoid damaging blood vessels or tissues, reducing pain and damage.

[0036] Among them, the puncture needle 7 is provided with puncture marking points corresponding to the penetration membrane 6. After the needle head of the puncture needle 7 penetrates the penetration membrane 6, the two groups of side holes 8 on the puncture needle 7 are respectively connected to the arterial branch 1 and the venous branch 2 to form a vascular pathway.

[0037] Working principle: When in use, the whole device is implanted in the patient's arm, the arterial branch 1 is connected to the artery, and the venous branch 2 is connected to the vein. When the patient needs dialysis, it is developed under the DSA device. Under artificial intervention, the puncture needle 7 is used to penetrate the membrane 6 through the venous branch 2 and enter the arterial branch 1. The arterial blood inside the arterial branch 1 enters through the needle head of the puncture needle 7 and flows into the venous branch 2 from the side hole 8, forming a vascular pathway and forming arteriovenous blood; at this time, when the arterial blood inside the inlet tube 3 in the arterial branch 1 enters, since the diameter of the thin branch 5 is smaller than that of the inlet tube 3 and the outlet tube 4, the blood flow rate increases with the change of the tube diameter. At the same time, the blood flow rate of the venous branch 2 also increases with the change of the tube diameter, thereby making the blood The blood flow in the tube pathway is significantly increased, and the flow of arterial blood into the venous branch 2 through the puncture needle 7 is increased, ensuring the high flow rate required for dialysis treatment; the arterial and venous blood is then drawn out into the dialysis machine through the artificial blood vessel, and the waste and excess fluid in the patient's blood are removed. After that, the clean blood is re-injected into the venous branch 2, and the blood purification is more sufficient to complete the entire dialysis; after dialysis, the puncture needle 7 is removed, and the design of the penetrating membrane 6 allows the penetrating membrane 6 to automatically repair. In normal human blood, the arterial branch 1 and the venous branch 2 do not interfere with each other. The X-shaped structure is used to set up a smoother blood flow, avoiding blind ends in the blood vessels, ensuring the normal circulation of blood in the blood vessels, and preventing blood clots, thrombi, etc.

[0038] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present invention (including the claims) is limited to these examples. Within the scope of the present invention, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the present invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.

[0039] The present invention is intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An artificial blood vessel for dialysis patients, comprising an arterial branch (1), a venous branch (2) and a puncture needle (7), wherein the arterial branch (1) is connected to an artery, and the venous branch (2) is connected to a vein, and is characterized in that: The arterial branch tube (1) and the venous branch tube (2) are arranged in an X-shaped structure; the arterial branch tube (1) and the venous branch tube (2) include an inlet tube (3), a thin branch tube (4) and an outlet tube (5), and the two ends of the thin branch tube (4) are fixedly connected to the inlet tube (3) and the outlet tube (5), respectively, and the diameter of the thin branch tube (4) is smaller than the diameters of the inlet tube (3) and the outlet tube (5); a penetrating membrane (6) is provided between the arterial branch tube (1) and the venous branch tube (2), and the outer surface of the penetrating membrane (6) matches the adjacent thin branch tube (4); a side hole (8) is opened on the puncture needle (7), and the puncture needle (7) sequentially penetrates the arterial branch tube (1), the penetrating membrane (6) and the venous branch tube (2), and the puncture needle (7) is used to connect the arterial branch tube (1) and the venous branch tube (2).

2. The artificial blood vessel for dialysis patients according to claim 1, characterized in that: Arc grooves corresponding to the arterial branch (1) and the venous branch (2) are respectively opened on both sides of the penetrating membrane (6), and the inside of the penetrating membrane (6) includes a matrix (10), an anticoagulant layer (11), and a material layer (9) which are sequentially arranged from the inside to the outside.

3. The artificial blood vessel for dialysis patients according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material layer (9) is made of the same material as the arterial branch tube (1) and the venous branch tube (2), and the exterior of the material layer (9) is a porous structure.

4. The artificial blood vessel for dialysis patients according to claim 2, characterized in that: The anticoagulation layer (11) is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polycaprolactone, and chitosan. The interior of the matrix (10) is composed of microcapsules, and polymer precursors or repair agents are provided in the microcapsules.

5. The artificial blood vessel for dialysis patients according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interior of the arterial branch tube (1) and the venous branch tube (2) is composed of one or more of polylactic acid, polyvinyl alcohol-based poly or acrylonitrile fiber.

6. The artificial blood vessel for dialysis patients according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet pipe (3), the thin branch pipe (4) and the outlet pipe (5) are an integrated structure, and the diameter of the inlet pipe (3) is the same as the diameter of the outlet pipe (5).

7. The artificial blood vessel for dialysis patients according to claim 1, characterized in that: The puncture needle (7) is arranged at an angle with respect to the center of the penetration membrane (6), and the angle of inclination of the puncture needle (7) is less than 60 degrees.

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