Solid-liquid separation device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a solid-liquid separation device capable of being used for slurry containing superfine powder. The solid-liquid separation device comprises a stock bin system, a vacuum system and a control system, a feeding port, a discharging port and a screen scraper are arranged above a screen at the bottom of a stock bin of the stock bin system, and a connecting pipeline connected in a circulating system is arranged below the screen. The circulating system comprises a water storage device, a circulating pump, a front self-control valve, a connecting pipeline, a rear self-control water hammer generator, a three-way device and a circulating vertical control valve which are sequentially connected in series, and is connected with the vacuum system for filtering through the three-way device; a branch pipeline is further connected between the water storage device and the pipe section, between the connecting pipeline and the rear automatic control water hammer generator, of the circulating pipeline, and a backflow vertical control valve is installed on the branch pipeline. Solid-liquid separation is assisted by negative pressure formed by a vacuum system, solid discharging is assisted by a screen scraper, a circulating system is matched to form a water hammer for cleaning blocked screens after negative pressure filtration, and the screen blocking condition can be monitored.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a device for solid-liquid separation of ultrafine powder-containing slurry. Background Art

[0002] Anthracite is currently considered a high-quality precursor for producing carbon materials such as artificial graphite and capacitor carbon. However, traditional anthracite washing techniques are insufficient to reduce the ash content to below 2% by mass. To reduce the anthracite's ash content, it is necessary to fully dissociate the anthracite, then use flotation to reduce the ash and remove impurities. However, the current technical difficulty is that the anthracite powder after flotation is ultrafine (particle size is in the micron range), making it difficult to effectively separate it from the flotation solution.

[0003] To effectively physically separate anthracite fines from the flotation fluid, common solid-liquid separation methods include filtration, gravity sedimentation, centrifugation, pressurization, membrane separation, and vacuum filtration. However, these methods, when used to separate the flotation fluid from ultrafine powders, are susceptible to contamination of the separation membrane / screen surface, resulting in reduced filtration efficiency. Alternatively, under vacuum and pressure, tiny particles can accumulate to form a dense layer, causing clogging. When these problems occur, the separation membrane and screen often require manual replacement or cleaning, making the solid-liquid separation process less efficient or prohibitively expensive.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a solid-liquid separation device that is cost-effective, has high filtration efficiency, can solve the problem of network clogging, and can be used for ultrafine powder slurry. Utility Model Content

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a solid-liquid separation device which has a suitable cost, can be used for solid-liquid separation of ultrafine powder slurry and can automatically clean the screen.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the utility model to solve the technical problem is as follows: a solid-liquid separation device includes a silo system, a vacuum system and a control system, the silo system is located at the highest position of the entire solid-liquid separation device in the direction of gravity, the silo system includes a silo and a screen arranged at the bottom opening of the silo, a feeding port and a discharging port are respectively provided on the silo above the screen, a scraper is provided on the screen for driving the material accumulated on the screen toward the discharging port, and a connecting pipe connected to the bottom opening of the silo is provided below the screen;

[0007] The device further includes a circulation system, the circulation system comprising a water storage device, a circulation pump, a front automatic control valve, a connecting pipe, a rear automatic water hammer generator, a three-way device, and a circulation vertical control valve connected in series via a circulation pipeline. The water storage device is located at the lowest position of the entire solid-liquid separation device in the direction of gravity. The first and second interfaces of the three-way device are connected to the pipeline, and the third interface of the three-way device is connected to the vacuum system. A branch pipeline is also connected between the circulation pipeline section between the connecting pipe and the rear automatic water hammer generator and the water storage device, and a reflux vertical control valve is installed on the branch pipeline.

[0008] The vacuum system includes a one-way valve, a vacuum tank and a vacuum pump which are sequentially connected to the third interface;

[0009] The control system includes a controller and first and second flowmeters connected to the controller signals. The first flowmeter is used to monitor the flow rate in the circulation pipeline, and the second flowmeter is used to monitor the flow rate in the branch pipeline. A circulation pump, a pre-mounted automatic control valve, a post-mounted automatic water hammer generator, a circulation vertical control valve, and a return vertical control valve are also connected to the controller signals. This solid-liquid separation device, connected to a vacuum system, possesses vacuum filtration capabilities, improving filtration efficiency. The flotation liquid is primarily recycled and reused through a three-way connection. The post-mounted automatic water hammer generator in the circulation pipeline can also be used to flush the filter screen at the bottom of the silo using the water hammer effect. This device is suitable for filtering ultrafine powder slurries.

[0010] The connecting pipe is a reducing tee pipe, which consists of a middle section and reducing sections on both sides of the middle section. The middle section is a T-shaped structure. The top interface of the middle section is connected to the bottom of the screen corresponding to the silo. The horizontal section of the middle section is connected to the reducing sections on both sides. The inner diameter of the horizontal section is smaller than the inner diameter of the circulation pipeline, and the inner diameter of the large end of the reducing section is equal to the inner diameter of the circulation pipeline.

[0011] The bottom of the silo is in the shape of a truncated cone with a larger top and a smaller bottom. The scraper is an isosceles trapezoidal scraper adapted to the truncated cone shape. The scraper is connected to the crank through a connecting rod.

[0012] The feeding port and the discharging port of the silo are asymmetrically arranged relative to the connecting rod. The lower end of the feeding port is located above the upper edge of the scraper, and the upper end of the discharging port is located below the upper edge of the scraper. A feeding bin is arranged on the outside of the silo and is connected to the silo through the feeding port. The feeding bin is connected to the feed pipe.

[0013] The crank is driven to rotate by a driving device, and the driving device is connected to the controller signal.

[0014] At the most basic level, the three-way device can directly use a three-way pipe joint. Taking into account the purposes of pipeline flushing, filtrate recycling, etc., the three-way device is a drainage tank with a drain valve at the bottom. It has a certain liquid storage space and can be used for temporary storage of flushing liquid or filtrate for later recycling.

[0015] A straight pipe is connected in parallel between the two interfaces of the three-way device connected to the circulation pipeline. When the circulation pipeline is flushed clean, the three-way device can be closed and the straight pipe can be opened to allow water to flow in the circulation pipeline to prepare for water hammer.

[0016] The circulating pump is a horizontally installed water circulating pump.

[0017] The first flow meter is arranged between the connecting pipe and the post-automatic water hammer generator, and the second flow meter is arranged between the return vertical control valve and the water storage device.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: through the coordinated use of a reasonably arranged circulation system with a silo and a vacuum system, the negative pressure formed by the vacuum system is utilized to help complete solid-liquid separation, a scraper is used to assist in solid discharging, the circulation system is used to cooperate with the recovery of flotation liquid, and a controllable water hammer is used to clean the screen after negative pressure filtration, the screen blockage condition can be effectively monitored and the blockage problem can be solved, and the cleaning effect is reliable; the operating cost of the solid-liquid separation device can be reduced, and the reliability of the device operation can be increased; and the utility model is particularly suitable for solid-liquid separation of ultrafine powder-containing slurry after anthracite flotation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the solid-liquid separation device of the utility model.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the various components of the solid-liquid separation device of the present invention (the feed pipe and the discharge pipe of the silo are not shown).

[0021] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the material bin in the utility model.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the screen scraper in the utility model.

[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of some components in the control system of the utility model.

[0024] Figure 6 It is a partial schematic diagram of embodiment 2 of the present utility model.

[0025] The markings in the figure are: 1-circulation system, 2-silo system, 3-vacuum system, 4-control system, 101-water storage device, 102-circulation pump, 103-front automatic control valve, 104-connecting pipe, 105-first flow meter, 106-rear water hammer generator, 107-circulation vertical control valve, 108-backflow vertical control valve, 109-second flow meter, 1010-three-way device, 110-drain valve, 1 011-branch pipe, 1012-straight pipe, 1013-programmable three-way control valve, 201-silo, 202-feeding port, 203-screen, 204-scraper, 205-discharge port, 2041-crank handle, 2042-connecting rod, 2043-scraper, 301-check valve, 302-vacuum pump, 303-vacuum tank, 401-circuit system, 402-PLC controller, 403-touch screen. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0027] Example 1:

[0028] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the solid-liquid separation device of the present invention includes a circulation system 1, a silo system 2, a vacuum system 3 and a control system 4. The circulation system 1 includes a water storage device 101, a circulation pump 102, a front automatic control valve 103, a connecting pipe 104, a rear automatic water hammer generator 106, a three-way device 1010, and a circulation vertical control valve 107, which are connected in series in sequence through a circulation pipeline. The water storage device 101 is at the lowest position of the entire solid-liquid separation device in the direction of gravity. The three-way device 1010 adopts a drainage tank with a drainage valve 110 at the bottom. The drainage tank can collect flotation liquid during the filtration process on the one hand, and can temporarily store the residual water in the pipeline accumulated during the water hammer generation process of the circulation pipeline and discharge it regularly for recycling and treatment on the other hand. The first and second interfaces of the three-way device 1010 are connected to the pipeline of the circulation system 1, and the third interface of the three-way device 1010 is connected to the vacuum system 3; the silo system 2 is at the lowest position of the entire solid-liquid separation device in the direction of gravity. At a high position, the silo system 2 includes a silo 201 and a screen 203 arranged at the bottom opening of the silo. The screen 203 is a flat screen. A feeding port 202 and a discharging port 205 are respectively provided on the silo above the screen 203. A scraper 204 is provided on the screen 203 for driving the accumulated material on the screen 203 toward the discharging port 205. Below the screen 203 is a connecting pipe 104 connected to the bottom opening of the silo; the connecting pipe 104 is connected to the rear automatic water hammer generator. A branch pipe 1011 is further connected between the circulation pipeline section between the generator 106 and the water storage device 101, and a backflow vertical control valve 108 is installed on the branch pipe 1011; the vacuum system 3 includes a one-way valve 301, a vacuum tank 303 and a vacuum pump 302 connected in sequence after the third interface. The one-way valve 301 is used to prevent water from flowing back from the vacuum system to the side of the connecting pipe. The vacuum tank 303 is used to buffer and stabilize the negative pressure. The vacuum pump 302 is used to provide negative pressure.

[0029] like Figure 5 As shown, the control system 4 mainly includes a PLC controller 402 as a controller, a circuit system 401 required for implementing control, a monitoring device, and a touch screen 403 for displaying system status. The monitoring device includes a first flowmeter 105 and a second flowmeter 109. The first flowmeter 105 is arranged between the connecting pipe 104 and the post-automatic water hammer generator 106 to monitor the flow rate of the circulation pipeline. The second flowmeter 109 is arranged between the return flow vertical control valve 108 and the water storage device 101 to monitor the flow rate of the branch pipe 1011. The circulation pump 102, the pre-automatic valve 103, the post-automatic water hammer generator 106, the circulation vertical control valve 107, the return flow vertical control valve 108, and the vacuum pump 302 are all connected to the controller via signals from the circuit system 401. This controls the opening and closing of the aforementioned valves and the start and stop of the circulation pump 102 and the vacuum pump 302 according to the requirements of the two different working conditions: the filtration condition and the filter cleaning condition.

[0030] The post-automatic water hammer generator 106 can use various devices that can shut off the water flow. Figure 2 As shown, the connecting pipe 104 is a reducing tee pipe, which consists of a middle section and reducing sections on both sides of the middle section. The middle section is a T-shaped structure. The top interface of the middle section is connected to the silo corresponding to the bottom of the screen 203. Preferably, in order to ensure the screen area and the filtration efficiency, a reducing pipe can be provided between the top interface and the bottom opening of the silo, so that the diameter of the bottom opening of the silo is larger than the diameter of the top interface of the middle section. The horizontal section of the middle section is connected to the reducing sections on both sides. The inner diameter of the horizontal section is smaller than the inner diameter of the circulation pipeline, and the inner diameter of the large end of the reducing section is equal to the inner diameter of the circulation pipeline. The "bell-mouth" type reducing structures on the left and right sides of the reducing tee can, while keeping the circulating water flow rate unchanged, on the one hand increase the linear velocity of the circulating water in the middle section. When water hammer occurs, the impact force (i.e., pressure) of the water hammer here will be further enhanced, which is conducive to knocking down the materials blocking the screen 203. On the other hand, it can keep the linear velocity of the water in the circulating pipe at a relatively low level. When water hammer occurs, the impact force (i.e., pressure) of the water hammer on the circulating pipe will be kept at a relatively low level, thereby reducing damage to the circulating pipe.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 、 Figure 4 As shown, the bottom of the silo 201 is in the shape of a truncated cone with a larger top and a smaller bottom. The scraper 204 includes an isosceles trapezoidal scraper 2043 adapted to the truncated cone shape. The scraper 2043 is connected to the crank 2041 through a connecting rod 2042. The crank 2041 can be manually cranked to discharge materials. The crank 2041 can also be driven to rotate by a driving device. The driving device is connected to the controller signal to automatically control the crank 2041 to rotate and discharge materials in accordance with the production rhythm. The feeding port 202 of the silo 201 is connected to the silo 201. The discharge port 205 is arranged asymmetrically with respect to the connecting rod 2042. The lower end of the feeding port 202 is located above the upper edge of the scraper 2043. There is a certain drop when the slurry flows to the screen, which is conducive to solid-liquid separation. The upper end of the discharge port 205 is located below the upper edge of the scraper 2043, which can ensure the scraping effect of the solid material on the screen. A feeding bin is set on the outside of the silo 201 and is connected to the silo 201 through the feeding port 202. The feeding bin is connected to the feed pipe, which is convenient for controlling the feeding speed or stopping the feeding.

[0032] In the device, the water storage tank 101 is used to store circulating water and is installed at the lowest position in the gravity direction of the circulation system.

[0033] The circulation pump 102 is used to circulate water in a predetermined direction in the circulation pipeline or the return branch pipeline. The circulation pump 102 is a horizontally mounted water circulation pump. The circulation pump can be a centrifugal circulation pump, a positive displacement circulation pump, a magnetic circulation pump, or a plunger circulation pump.

[0034] The front automatic control valve 103 can be a stop valve, a solenoid valve or a pneumatic valve, and the return vertical control valve 108 and the circulation vertical control valve 107 can also be a stop valve, a solenoid valve or a pneumatic valve.

[0035] It is used for solid-liquid separation of slurry containing anthracite ultrafine solids, and a recommended working and control process is as follows.

[0036] The slurry containing anthracite ultrafine solids is continuously added to the silo 201 through the feeding port 202. At this time, the control system closes the pre-automatic control valve 103, the reflux vertical control valve 108, and the circulation vertical control valve 107, and starts the vacuum pump 302. At this time, the pipeline from the pre-automatic control valve 103 to the circulation vertical control valve 107 is evacuated to a vacuum state. Under the action of negative pressure, the slurry passes through the filter 203 to separate the anthracite microparticles and the flotation liquid; the filtering effect can be monitored by the first flow meter 105. The real-time flow rate monitored by the first flow meter 105 under the filtering condition and the filter screen are unblocked are used to measure the flow rate. The proportional relationship between the flow rate of the first flow meter 105 and the full pipe flow rate can indirectly determine the blockage of the screen, because as the screen becomes gradually blocked, the flow rate of the flotation liquid flowing through the silo to the three-way device 1010 will become smaller and smaller; when the flow rate in the first flow meter 105 is less than 1 / 2 of the full pipe flow rate, it means that the material has caused a certain blockage of the screen. At this time, the control system 4 controls to stop adding slurry, but the vacuum pump 302 continues to work until the flow rate in the first flow meter 105 is less than 1 / 5 of the full pipe flow rate. At this time, the control system 4 turns off the vacuum pump 302, shakes the scraper 204, and discharges the material from the discharge port 205.

[0037] Then, the controller controls the reverse flushing of the net using the water hammer effect to solve the blockage problem: the specific control logic is - the controller closes the return vertical control valve 108, opens the front automatic control valve 103, the rear water hammer generator 106, the circulation vertical control valve 107 and the circulation pump 102, and circulates the water in the pipeline and the water storage tank 101. When the flow in the first flow meter 105 reaches the full pipe flow, the rear water hammer generator 106 is quickly closed, and the water flow still has a forward inertial motion tendency at this time, thus generating a water hammer effect. At this time, the water pressure in the circulation pipeline will increase sharply, forming an instantaneous impact force on the dense layer formed by the accumulated materials on the screen 203, and the relatively small diameter of the connecting pipe can additionally enhance the pressure applied to the screen 203, thereby achieving the impact of the dense layer formed by the materials or the materials stuck on the screen. Then the controller closes the front automatic control valve 103, the circulation vertical control valve 107 and the circulation pump 102, and opens the return vertical control valve 108, so that the water flows along the return vertical control valve 108 and the second flow meter 109 back to the water storage device 101; thus, one impact cycle is completed.

[0038] After closing the front automatic control valve 103, the circulation pump 102, the rear water hammer generator 106, and the circulation vertical control valve 107, the connecting pipe 104 forms a communicating vessel with the water storage device 101 when the return vertical control valve 108 is open. In the event of a clogged screen, atmospheric pressure cannot be transmitted through the silo 201 to the connecting pipe 104. As the residual water in the pipeline flows into the water storage device 101, a space without liquid water gradually appears above the residual water in the pipeline. Since the atmosphere cannot enter this space, the pressure in this space gradually becomes negative. The negative pressure in this space gradually increases as the residual water in the pipeline flows into the water storage device 101. When it reaches a certain level, the residual water in the pipeline can no longer rely on gravity to smoothly enter the water storage device 101, resulting in a relatively large initial flow rate in the flow meter 109, which gradually decreases and maintains a small flow rate for a long time. Once the blockage is cleared, atmospheric pressure can be directly transmitted through the silo 201 to the connecting pipe 104. Under the action of atmospheric pressure and gravity, the remaining water in the pipe will smoothly pass through the return pipe and enter the water storage device 101, resulting in a relatively large initial flow rate in the flow meter 109. As the remaining water in the pipe quickly enters the water storage device 101, the flow rate quickly drops to zero. Therefore, the cleaning status of the filter can be determined by observing the changes in the flow rate detected by the second flow meter 109. The controller repeats multiple impact cycles until the water flow in the second flow meter 109 approaches the full pipe flow rate, indicating that the screen 203 has been cleared of the blockage.

[0039] After the cleaning is completed, the controller closes the front automatic control valve 103, the reflux vertical control valve 108, the circulation vertical control valve 107 and the circulation pump 102, and opens the rear water hammer generator 106 and the vacuum pump 302 to restart the negative pressure solid-liquid separation work.

[0040] It should be noted that if the liquid in the drain tank exceeds a predetermined level, the controller will stop adding slurry and wait for the liquid in the drain tank to be manually drained before restarting the feeder. The drain tank must be designed to have an appropriate volume; otherwise, the circulation line will be opened for an unnecessary period of time, affecting production efficiency.

[0041] Example 2:

[0042] With reference to Example 1, as Figure 6As shown, the difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that a straight pipe 1012 is connected in parallel between the two interfaces of the three-way device connected to the circulation pipeline. The straight pipe 1012 is connected to the two interfaces of the circulation pipeline and is provided with a programmable three-way control valve 1013 connected to the controller signal. When switching from the filtering mode to the screen cleaning mode, the circulating pump 102 is first started to flush the flotation liquid remaining in the pipe section between the connecting pipe and the drain tank with water. The flushing liquid can remain in the drain tank. Thereafter, the drain tank is temporarily removed from the device by controlling the programmable three-way control valve 1013, and the straight pipe 1012 is used. Then, the post-mounted water hammer generator 106 is operated to clean the screen. This can not only recover the relatively expensive reagent contained in the flotation liquid, but also maximize production efficiency. After the screen cleaning is completed, the straight pipe 1012 is temporarily removed from the device and the drain tank is used.

Claims

1. A solid-liquid separation device comprising a silo system (2), a vacuum system (3) and a control system, characterized in that: The silo system (2) is located at the highest position of the entire solid-liquid separation device in the direction of gravity. The silo system (2) includes a silo (201) and a screen (203) arranged at the bottom opening of the silo. A feeding port (202) and a discharging port (205) are respectively provided on the silo above the screen (203). A scraper (204) is provided on the screen (203) for driving the material accumulated on the screen (203) toward the discharging port (205). Below the screen (203) is a connecting pipe (104) connected to the bottom opening of the silo. The device further comprises a circulation system (1), wherein the circulation system (1) comprises a water storage device (101), a circulation pump (102), a front automatic control valve (103), a connecting pipe (104), a rear automatic water hammer generator (106), a three-way device (1010), and a circulation vertical control valve (107) which are sequentially connected in series through a circulation pipeline. The water storage device (101) is located at the lowest position of the entire solid-liquid separation device in the direction of gravity. The first and second interfaces of the three-way device (1010) are connected to the pipeline. The third interface of the three-way device (1010) is connected to the vacuum system (3). A branch pipe (1011) is further connected between the circulation pipeline section between the connecting pipe (104) and the rear automatic water hammer generator (106) and the water storage device (101). A reflux vertical control valve (108) is installed on the branch pipe (1011). The vacuum system (3) comprises a one-way valve (301), a vacuum tank (303) and a vacuum pump (302) which are sequentially connected to the third interface; The control system includes a controller and a first flow meter (105) and a second flow meter (109) both of which are connected to the controller signal. The first flow meter (105) is used to monitor the flow of the circulation pipeline, and the second flow meter (109) is used to monitor the flow of the branch pipeline (1011). The circulation pump (102), the front automatic control valve (103), the rear automatic control water hammer generator (106), the circulation vertical control valve (107), and the return vertical control valve (108) are connected to the controller signal.

2. The solid-liquid separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting pipe (104) is a reducing tee pipe, which consists of a middle section and reducing sections on both sides of the middle section. The middle section is a T-shaped structure. The top interface of the middle section is connected to the silo corresponding to the bottom of the screen (203). The horizontal section of the middle section is connected to the reducing sections on both sides. The inner diameter of the horizontal section is smaller than the inner diameter of the circulation pipeline, and the inner diameter of the large end of the reducing section is equal to the inner diameter of the circulation pipeline.

3. The solid-liquid separation device according to claim 1, wherein: The bottom of the silo (201) is in the shape of a truncated cone with a larger top and a smaller bottom. The scraper (204) comprises an isosceles trapezoidal scraper (2043) adapted to the truncated cone shape. The scraper (2043) is connected to the crank (2041) via a connecting rod (2042).

4. The solid-liquid separation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The feeding port (202) and the discharging port (205) of the silo (201) are asymmetrically arranged with respect to the connecting rod (2042). The lower end of the feeding port (202) is located above the upper edge of the scraper (2043), and the upper end of the discharging port (205) is located below the upper edge of the scraper (2043). A feeding silo is arranged outside the silo (201) and communicates with the silo (201) through the feeding port (202). The feeding silo is connected to a feed pipe.

5. The solid-liquid separation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The crank (2041) is driven to rotate by a driving device, and the driving device is connected to a controller signal.

6. The solid-liquid separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-way device (1010) is a drainage tank with a drainage valve (110) provided at the bottom.

7. The solid-liquid separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A straight pipe (1012) is also connected in parallel between the two interfaces of the three-way device (1010) connected to the circulation pipeline.

8. The solid-liquid separation device according to claim 1, wherein: The circulation pump (102) is a horizontally installed water circulation pump.

9. The solid-liquid separation device according to claim 1, wherein: The first flow meter (105) is arranged between the connecting pipe (104) and the post-mounted automatic water hammer generator (106), and the second flow meter (109) is arranged between the return vertical control valve (108) and the water storage device (101).

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