SMA bolt-based energy consumption-self-resetting coupling damper

Abstract

An energy dissipation-self-resetting coupling damper based on SMA bolts comprises a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate, one ends of the two clamping plates are both flat sections, the other ends of the two clamping plates are both variable sections, and the upper face and the lower face of the flat section end of the first clamping plate are symmetrically connected with one ends of flat section cover plates. The upper and lower surfaces of the variable-section end of the first clamping plate are symmetrically connected with one end of a variable-section cover plate, and the upper and lower surfaces of the variable-section end of the second clamping plate are symmetrically connected with the other end of the variable-section cover plate; when the damper starts to work in the first stage, the flat-section cover plate and the first clamping plate move relatively to conduct friction energy consumption, and after the sleeve plate makes contact with the end of a long screw hole of the first clamping plate, the flat-section friction device is locked, work in the first stage is finished, work in the second stage is started, the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate move relatively, and the variable-section cover plate moves. The SMA bolt is lengthened, and when the damper is unloaded, the second-stage deformation of the damper can be restored to the initial position due to the superelasticity of the SMA bolt; the utility model has a two-stage earthquake fortification level.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of energy dissipation and vibration reduction of building structures, and particularly relates to an energy dissipation-self-resetting coupling damper based on SMA bolts. Background Art

[0002] Earthquakes have a devastating impact on infrastructure structures. Traditional building structures primarily resist earthquakes by dissipating energy through inelastic deformation of beams, columns, and other components. However, this approach can lead to severe damage to structural components, especially during major earthquakes, rendering the structure unusable. This leads to high post-earthquake repair costs and significant economic losses.

[0003] In order to reduce and avoid post-earthquake damage to building structures, people have introduced self-resetting technology into building structures. This technology mainly uses self-resetting devices (such as steel strands, SMA, etc.) and self-resetting dampers to achieve the post-earthquake self-resetting ability of building structures.

[0004] Patent application CN111962698A discloses a self-resetting sliding friction damper based on an SMA. However, this damper only has a single seismic resistance mode, and given the uncertainty of earthquakes, it cannot meet the seismic resistance requirements of uncertain earthquakes. However, current self-resetting technology still suffers from low initial structural stiffness, weak energy dissipation capacity, and severe high-order modal response. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an energy-dissipating and self-resetting coupling damper based on SMA bolts, wherein the flat section damper and the variable section damper are connected in series through the first clamping plate, and the sliding force of the flat section damper and the variable section damper is controlled respectively, so as to realize two-stage sliding control; wherein, through the friction between the flat section cover plate and the first clamping plate, the friction energy of the flat section damper is realized in the case of small and medium earthquakes, a sleeve plate is built into the long screw hole of the first clamping plate, and the displacement value between the sleeve plate and the first clamping plate is adjusted to realize control of the small earthquake range; by adjusting the inclination angle of the slope variable section of the variable section cover plate, the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate, the pre-tightening force of the SMA bolt and the diameter of the SMA bolt, the self-resetting effect of the damper can be realized in the case of large and rare earthquakes. Therefore, the present invention can realize "energy dissipation" in small and medium earthquakes, and "self-resetting" in large and rare earthquakes, and has two-level seismic protection levels.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is:

[0007] An energy-dissipating and self-resetting coupling damper based on SMA bolts includes a first splint 2 and a second splint 4, wherein one end of the first splint 2 and the second splint 4 are both flat sections, and the other ends of the first splint 2 and the second splint 4 are both variable sections. The upper and lower surfaces of the flat section end of the first splint 2 are symmetrically connected to one end of a flat section cover plate 1, the upper and lower surfaces of the variable section end of the first splint 2 are symmetrically connected to one end of a variable section cover plate 3, and the upper and lower surfaces of the variable section end of the second splint 4 are symmetrically connected to the other end of the variable section cover plate 3.

[0008] A connecting plate 8 is connected between the ends of the flat-section cover plate 1 that are not connected to the first clamping plate 2 .

[0009] The flat section end of the first clamping plate 2 and the connecting plate 8 are connected to the flat section cover plate 1 through high-strength bolts 6 respectively, and the variable section ends of the first clamping plate 2 and the second clamping plate 4 are connected to the variable section cover plate 3 through SMA bolts 5 respectively.

[0010] A spacer 7 is provided between the contact surface of the SMA bolt 5 and the variable-section cover plate 3 .

[0011] Friction plates 9 are respectively provided between the contact surfaces of the planar-section cover plate 1 and the first clamping plate 2 and between the contact surfaces of the planar-section cover plate 1 and the connecting plate 8 .

[0012] The first clamping plate 2 is provided with a long screw hole 15 , in which a sleeve plate 10 is built. The sleeve plate 10 is provided with a threaded hole, and the high-strength bolt 6 is connected to the threaded hole of the sleeve plate 10 .

[0013] The variable-section ends of the first and second splints 2 and 4 and the variable-section cover plate 3 are all provided with sloped variable sections. The sloped variable sections of the first and second splints 2 and 4 fit in with the sloped variable sections of the upper and lower variable-section cover plates 3, and the slope inclination angle of the sloped variable section is 20 to 40 degrees.

[0014] The SMA bolt 5 includes threaded sections 11 at both ends and a reduced section 13 in the middle area. Transition sections 12 are respectively provided between the threaded sections 11 at both ends and the reduced section 13 in the middle area. The diameter of the reduced section 13 is smaller than that of the threaded section 11.

[0015] The friction plate 9 is a brass plate, a brake plate or an alloy plate.

[0016] The frictional sliding force between the flat-section cover plate 1 and the flat-section end of the first clamping plate 2 is smaller than the frictional sliding force between the variable-section cover plate 3 and the variable-section ends of the first clamping plate 2 and the second clamping plate 4.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] 1. The damper of the utility model adopts a two-stage working mechanism, in which the flat-section damper and the variable-section damper are connected in series through the first clamping plate, and has the effect of two-stage sliding control through the control of friction sliding force; that is, different seismic resistance strategies are adopted to resist small earthquakes and large earthquakes. Under the action of small earthquakes, the damper realizes energy dissipation through the energy dissipation mechanism (energy dissipation through friction between the flat-section cover plate 1 and the first clamping plate 2); and under the action of large earthquakes, through the coordinated coupling of the sloped variable-section design of the variable-section cover plate 3, the first clamping plate 2 and the second clamping plate 4 and the SMA bolt 5, the damper exhibits more superior energy dissipation performance and self-resetting ability, which can enable the structural system to achieve efficient seismic resistance. The damper has the defense level of "energy dissipation in small earthquakes and self-resetting in large earthquakes".

[0019] 2. Compared with existing dampers, the damper of this utility model has higher initial stiffness due to the friction energy dissipation mechanism between the steel plates in the initial stage. This stiffness improvement is achieved by precisely controlling the friction coefficient between the friction plates and the preload force of the high-strength bolts.

[0020] 3. The present invention achieves control of a small earthquake range by embedding a sleeve plate 10 in the long screw hole 15 of the first clamping plate 2 and adjusting the displacement value between the sleeve plate 10 and the first clamping plate 2.

[0021] 4. The utility model controls the self-resetting ability and energy dissipation capacity of the second stage of the damper by adjusting the inclination angle of the sloped variable cross-section of the variable cross-section cover plate 3, the first clamping plate 2 and the second clamping plate 4, the pre-tightening force of the SMA bolt 5 and the diameter of the SMA bolt 5.

[0022] 5. The present invention can control the deformation of the SMA bolt 5 by adjusting the thickness of the pad 7, thereby preventing the SMA bolt 5 from entering the strengthening stage and generating residual deformation, which affects the self-resetting function of the damper.

[0023] 6. The frictional sliding force of the first stage of the utility model is smaller than the frictional sliding force of the second stage. Therefore, it can ensure that the damper has better energy dissipation capacity in small earthquakes and better energy dissipation capacity in the large deformation stage. When the force of the damper is unloaded, the variable cross-section device of the second stage is reset first, and then the flat cross-section device of the first stage is operated.

[0024] In summary, the utility model can achieve "energy consumption" in small and medium earthquakes, and "self-reset" in large and rare earthquakes, and has two levels of earthquake-resistant protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the damper of the utility model.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the damper of the utility model.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal decomposition of the damper flat cross-section device of the utility model.

[0028] Figure 4 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the variable cross-section device of the damper of the utility model.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the positions of the sleeve plate 10, high-strength bolts 6 and the first clamping plate 2 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sleeve plate 10 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of the SMA bolt 5 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 8 It is a structural diagram of the cushion block 7 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 9 This is a schematic structural diagram of the first splint 2 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the first stage of tension operation of the damper of the utility model.

[0035] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the second stage operation of the damper of the present invention.

[0036] Among them, 1. Flat-section cover plate; 2. First splint; 3. Variable-section cover plate; 4. Second splint; 5. SMA bolt; 6. High-strength bolt; 7. Spacer; 8. Connecting plate; 9. Friction plate; 10. Sleeve plate; 11. Threaded section; 12. Transition section; 13. Reduction section; 15. Long screw hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention.

[0038] See also Figures 1 to 4 , an energy-dissipating and self-resetting coupling damper based on SMA bolts, comprising a first splint 2 and a second splint 4, one end of each of the first splint 2 and the second splint 4 being a flat section, the other end of each of the first splint 2 and the second splint 4 being a variable section, one end of a flat section cover plate 1 being symmetrically connected to the upper and lower surfaces of the flat section end of the first splint 2, one end of a variable section cover plate 3 being symmetrically connected to the upper and lower surfaces of the variable section end of the first splint 2, and the other end of the variable section cover plate 3 being symmetrically connected to the upper and lower surfaces of the variable section end of the second splint 4.

[0039] A connecting plate 8 is connected between the ends of the flat-section cover plate 1 that are not connected to the first clamping plate 2 .

[0040] The flat section end of the first clamping plate 2 and the connecting plate 8 are connected to the flat section cover plate 1 through high-strength bolts 6 respectively, and the variable section ends of the first clamping plate 2 and the second clamping plate 4 are connected to the variable section cover plate 3 through SMA bolts 5 respectively.

[0041] See also Figure 1 、 Figure 2 A spacer 7 is provided between the contact surface of the SMA bolt 5 and the variable-section cover plate 3 .

[0042] Friction plates 9 are respectively provided between the contact surfaces of the planar-section cover plate 1 and the first clamping plate 2 and between the contact surfaces of the planar-section cover plate 1 and the connecting plate 8 .

[0043] The first clamping plate 2 and the friction plate 9 are clamped between the upper and lower flat-section cover plates 1 and fixed by high-strength bolts 6. At the same time, the connecting plate 8 is also fixed to the middle position between the two flat-section cover plates 1 by high-strength bolts 6. The first clamping plate 2 and the second clamping plate 4 are clamped between the upper and lower variable-section cover plates 3 and fixed by SMA bolts 5. To ensure that the sloped variable section of the first clamping plate 2 and the variable-section cover plate 3 and the second clamping plate 4 and the variable-section cover plate 3 can fit well, a pad 7 is placed on the surface of the variable-section cover plate 3. The SMA bolt 5 passes through the pad 7, the variable-section cover plate 3, the second clamping plate 4 and the variable-section end of the first clamping plate 2, and then is fixed with a nut on the threaded section 11 of the SMA bolt 5. In addition, placing a pad 7 on the surface of the variable-section cover plate 3 can also increase the length of the SMA bolt 5.

[0044] The friction plate 9 is a brass plate, a brake plate or an alloy plate.

[0045] In order to control the output of the flat-section friction device, the friction coefficient can be changed. The friction plate 9 is changed between the first clamping plate 2 and the flat-section cover plate 1 to maintain the stability of the friction coefficient of the flat-section friction device during the sliding stage. In addition to brass plates as friction plates 9, brake plates and alloy plates can also be used as friction plates 9.

[0046] See also Figure 2 、 Figure 5 The first clamping plate 2 is provided with a long screw hole 15, and a sleeve plate 10 is built in the long screw hole 15. The sleeve plate 10 is provided with two threaded holes, and the high-strength bolts 6 are connected to the threaded holes of the sleeve plate 10.

[0047] See also Figure 5 、 Figure 6, the screw holes in the sleeve plate 10 are threaded so that the two high-strength bolts 6 are tightened and connected with the two threaded holes of the sleeve plate 10, and the sleeve plate 10 is installed in the long screw hole 15 of the first splint 2. When the damper moves, the flat-section cover plate 1, the high-strength bolts 6 and the sleeve plate 10 remain stationary, and the first splint 2 moves. The sleeve plate 10 is allowed to reciprocate within the long screw hole 15 of the first splint 2 by a preset displacement value, that is, the sleeve plate 10 can reciprocate within the internal gap distance of the long screw hole 15. By changing the size and length of the sleeve plate 10, the control of the first-stage displacement of the damper can be achieved.

[0048] See also Figure 1 、 Figure 2 The variable-section ends of the first and second clamping plates 2 and 4 and the variable-section cover plate 3 are all provided with a sloped variable section. The sloped variable sections of the first and second clamping plates 2 and 4 are aligned with the sloped variable sections of the upper and lower variable-section cover plates 3 and are fixed by SMA bolts 5. During the deformation process of the damper, to ensure that the deformation of the SMA bolts 5 does not enter the reinforcement stage, spacers 7 are added to the upper and lower surfaces of the variable-section cover plate 3 to control the strain of the SMA bolts 5 in the martensite stage. The sloped variable section has an inclination angle of 20-40 degrees.

[0049] See also Figure 7 The SMA bolt 5 includes threaded sections 11 at both ends and a reduction section 13 in the middle area. Transition sections 12 are provided between the threaded sections 11 at both ends and the reduction section 13 in the middle area. The diameter of the reduction section 13 is smaller than that of the threaded section 11.

[0050] The SMA bolt 5 is made of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy. To ensure that deformation of the SMA bolt 5 is controlled in the middle area, the designed SMA bolt 5 is divided into three sections, including threaded sections 11 on both sides, a transition section 12, and a reduced section 13 in the middle area. The reduced section 13 is formed by reducing the threaded section 11 and has a smaller diameter than the threaded section 11. The transition section 12 is designed to reduce stress concentration between the threaded section 11 and the reduced section 13, which may cause fracture.

[0051] The frictional sliding force between the flat-section cover plate 1 and the flat-section end of the first clamping plate 2 is smaller than the frictional sliding force between the variable-section cover plate 3 and the variable-section ends of the first clamping plate 2 and the second clamping plate 4.

[0052] In order to ensure the normal operation of the two working mechanisms of the damper of the utility model, that is, the flat section device starts working first in the first stage, the friction sliding force of the flat section device of the damper in the first stage must be smaller than the friction sliding force of the variable section device in the second stage.

[0053] See also Figure 10 、 Figure 11When the damper starts working under tension or compression, its work is divided into two stages; in the first stage, the flat section friction device starts working, the flat section device starts to have friction movement, the sleeve plate 10 drives the high-strength bolt 6 to slide in the first clamping plate 2, causing relative movement between the first clamping plate 2 and the flat section cover plate 1 to achieve friction energy dissipation. This process is intended to achieve the energy dissipation goal of the damper under the action of small earthquakes. After the sleeve plate 10 comes into contact with the long screw hole 15 of the first clamping plate 2, the flat section friction device of the first stage is locked, and the first stage of work is completed; the damper enters the second Stage work, that is, the variable-section device starts to work. In this stage, the first clamping plate 2 and the second clamping plate 4 move relative to each other, driving the variable-section cover plate 3 to move outward, causing the SMA bolt 5 to deform and increase or be elongated. Due to the synergistic effect of the variable-section design and the SMA bolt 5, after the damper unloads the force, the second-stage deformation can be restored to the initial position by utilizing the reset ability of the SMA bolt 5. The damper not only has good energy dissipation capacity under the action of a large earthquake, but also has the characteristics of self-reset; therefore, in the second working stage, the damper can achieve the effects of energy dissipation and self-reset at the same time.

[0054] The frictional sliding force of the first stage of the present invention is smaller than that of the second stage, thereby ensuring that the damper has better energy dissipation capacity in small earthquakes and better energy dissipation capacity in large deformation stages. When the force of the damper is unloaded, the variable cross-section device of the second stage is reset first without residual deformation.

[0055] When the damper is working in the first stage, that is, when the flat-section device is working, by changing the material of the first plywood 2 or the flat-section cover plate 1, such as replacing the steel of the first plywood 2 from ordinary steel to wear-resistant steel, the hardness ratio and friction coefficient can be changed, or a friction plate 9 can be added between the first plywood 2 and the flat-section cover plate 1, such as using brass plates, brake plates, aluminum plates, etc., which can also change the friction coefficient and adjust the friction coefficient of the damper flat-section device. In addition, by adjusting the pre-tightening force of the high-strength bolts 6, the energy consumption capacity and initial stiffness of the damper in the first stage can be accurately controlled.

[0056] When the damper is working in the second stage, the following methods are used to regulate the energy dissipation capacity and self-resetting ability of the damper: by changing the materials of the first splint 2, the second splint 4 and the variable-section cover plate 3 to control the friction coefficient, such as replacing the material of the second splint 4 with wear-resistant steel or Bisalloy500 steel and other materials with higher hardness, the friction coefficient can be changed and the stability of the friction force can be improved; by adjusting the slope of the inclined surface of the first splint 2, the second splint 4 and the variable-section cover plate 3 to control the inclination angle, the inclination angle of the slope of the variable section can be adjusted to the required angle, such as 20°, 30°, 40°, etc., and the preload force and diameter of the SMA bolt 5 can be adjusted. These control measures provide flexibility and controllability for the adjustment of the mechanical properties of the damper in the second stage.

[0057] The installation of the damper of the present invention is to first assemble the first plywood 2 and the connecting plate 8, and then install the flat-section cover plate 1 on the upper and lower parts, fix the connecting plate 8 and the first plywood 2 with high-strength bolts 6, and the high-strength bolts 6 only need to be tightened. The sleeve plate 10 is connected with the high-strength bolts 6 and installed in the first plywood 2. The flat-section cover plate 1 is fixed by nuts at both ends, and a preset pre-tightening force is applied to the high-strength bolts 6. Then, the second plywood 4 is assembled, and the variable-section cover plates 3 are installed on the upper and lower parts of the first plywood 2 and the second plywood 4, and fixed with SMA bolts 5. The SMA bolts 5 are pre-tightened by a torque wrench to reach the preset design value.

[0058] The sleeve plate 10, high-strength bolts 6 and flat-section cover plate 1 remain stationary during the movement of the damper, while the first splint 2 moves, causing the sleeve plate 10 to slide in the long screw hole 15 of the first splint 2. According to the seismic protection requirements of different regions, the sleeve plate 10 can be designed with specific dimensions, the length of the sleeve plate 10 can be changed, and the movement displacement of the sleeve plate 10 in the long screw hole 15 of the first splint 2 can be changed according to needs to change the displacement value of the damper in small and medium earthquakes during the pure energy consumption stage.

[0059] The present invention mainly uses friction energy dissipation as the main method, and the deformation of all components is in the elastic deformation stage. Although the SMA bolt 5 itself has superelastic characteristics, the tensile strain of the SMA bolt 5 is controlled within 6%, avoiding residual deformation during the reciprocating deformation process.

[0060] To improve the initial stiffness and energy dissipation capacity of the self-resetting damper, achieving effective energy dissipation in small earthquakes while maintaining good energy dissipation and self-resetting characteristics in large earthquakes, this utility model proposes an energy-dissipating-self-resetting coupled damper based on SMA bolts. This damper achieves strong energy dissipation in small earthquakes, while achieving even superior self-resetting performance in large and rare earthquakes through the ingenious variable cross-section design and the collaborative work of SMA bolts. This damper can cope with the uncertainty of earthquakes and achieve efficient earthquake resistance, thus achieving the seismic resistance goal of "pure energy dissipation in small earthquakes and self-resetting in large earthquakes."

[0061] The damper design concept addresses the shortcomings of traditional technologies in terms of earthquake resistance. While ensuring structural safety, it also minimizes earthquake damage to the building structure and achieves multiple levels of earthquake resistance. Therefore, this utility model provides an innovative solution for future building structure design and earthquake resistance engineering.

[0062] The utility model damper consists of two parts, a flat-section friction energy dissipation device and a variable-section friction self-resetting device. When the displacement is small, the flat-section friction device first dissipates friction energy. After the damper has undergone a large displacement, the high-strength bolt contacts and locks with the flat-section clamp, and the variable-section friction damper starts to work. The variable-section cover plate and the variable-section clamp are designed with inclined surfaces so that when the damper is under tension or compression, when the variable-section clamp moves inward or outward, it drives the variable-section cover plate to move outward, causing the SMA bolt to be stretched and lengthened. After the damper is unloaded, the reset ability of the SMA is utilized to enable the variable-section friction damper to have a self-resetting function. In order to cope with the uncertainty of earthquakes and realize an efficient earthquake-resistant system, in the case of small earthquakes, the flat-section friction device of the damper begins to dissipate friction energy, and in the case of large earthquakes, the variable-section friction device starts to work. In order to prevent the structure from being severely damaged and residual deformation occurs under the action of large earthquakes, a variable-section friction device with energy dissipation and self-resetting is designed.

[0063] The damper described in the present invention is a multifunctional structural control device, which is widely applicable to multiple scenarios such as the beam-column node connection, column foot position, column support and self-resetting wall in the building structure; at the beam-column node connection, the damper can provide effective structural seismic performance, slow down the structural damage caused by earthquakes, and thus protect the overall functional stability of the building; at the column foot position, the damper can optimize the force analysis of the column foot and improve the overall seismic resistance of the structure; in terms of column support, the application of the damper can effectively reduce the deformation between the columns and improve the seismic resistance of the structure; in addition, in the self-resetting wall, the design of the damper enables the wall to quickly return to its original position after an earthquake, thereby reducing the post-earthquake repair cost and improving the seismic performance of the building structure throughout its life cycle. Therefore, the damper of the present invention has flexible and diverse application scenarios, and provides an efficient and reliable solution for the seismic design of the structure.

Claims

1. An energy dissipation-self-resetting coupling damper based on SMA bolts, characterized by: The invention comprises a first splint (2) and a second splint (4), wherein one end of the first splint (2) and the second splint (4) are both flat sections, and the other ends of the first splint (2) and the second splint (4) are both variable sections. The upper and lower surfaces of the flat section end of the first splint (2) are symmetrically connected to one end of the flat section cover plate (1), the upper and lower surfaces of the variable section end of the first splint (2) are symmetrically connected to one end of the variable section cover plate (3), and the upper and lower surfaces of the variable section end of the second splint (4) are symmetrically connected to the other end of the variable section cover plate (3).

2. The energy dissipation-self-resetting coupling damper based on SMA bolts according to claim 1, characterized in that: A connecting plate (8) is connected between the end of the flat-section cover plate (1) that is not connected to the first clamping plate (2).

3. The energy dissipation-self-resetting coupling damper based on SMA bolts according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The flat section end of the first clamping plate (2) and the connecting plate (8) are respectively connected to the flat section cover plate (1) via high-strength bolts (6), and the variable section ends of the first clamping plate (2) and the second clamping plate (4) are respectively connected to the two ends of the variable section cover plate (3) via SMA bolts (5).

4. The energy dissipation-self-resetting coupling damper based on SMA bolts according to claim 3, characterized in that: A spacer (7) is provided between the contact surface between the SMA bolt (5) and the variable-section cover plate (3).

5. The energy dissipation-self-resetting coupling damper based on SMA bolts according to claim 3, characterized in that: Friction plates (9) are respectively provided between the contact surfaces of the flat-section cover plate (1) and the first clamping plate (2), and between the contact surfaces of the flat-section cover plate (1) and the connecting plate (8).

6. The energy dissipation-self-resetting coupling damper based on SMA bolts according to claim 1, 2 or 5, characterized in that: The first clamping plate (2) is provided with a long screw hole (15), a sleeve plate (10) is built in the long screw hole (15), a threaded hole is provided on the sleeve plate (10), and a high-strength bolt (6) is connected to the threaded hole of the sleeve plate (10).

7. The energy dissipation-self-resetting coupling damper based on SMA bolts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variable cross-section ends of the first and second splints (2) and (4) and the variable cross-section cover plate (3) are all provided with sloped variable cross-sections. The sloped variable cross-sections of the first and second splints (2) and (4) are fitted with the sloped variable cross-sections of the upper and lower variable cross-section cover plates (3). The sloped variable cross-sections have an inclination angle of 20 to 40 degrees.

8. The energy dissipation-self-resetting coupling damper based on SMA bolts according to claim 3, characterized in that: The SMA bolt (5) comprises threaded sections (11) at both ends and a reduced section (13) in the middle region, wherein transition sections (12) are respectively provided between the threaded sections (11) at both ends and the reduced section (13) in the middle region, and the diameter of the reduced section (13) is smaller than that of the threaded section (11).

9. The energy dissipation-self-resetting coupling damper based on SMA bolts according to claim 5, characterized in that: The friction plate (9) is a brass plate, a brake plate or an alloy plate.

10. The energy dissipation-self-resetting coupling damper based on SMA bolts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frictional sliding force between the flat-section cover plate (1) and the flat-section end of the first clamping plate (2) is smaller than the frictional sliding force between the variable-section cover plate (3) and the variable-section ends of the first clamping plate (2) and the second clamping plate (4).

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