Mining structure for recovering hanging wall ore body through external expansion of surface mine
By setting up trapezoidal rock walls and open section ditches on the steep slopes of the open-pit mine and adjusting the mining structure, the problem of rolling stones threatening lower production is solved, and safe and efficient mine production is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422902290.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-26
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-11-27
AI Technical Summary
In open-pit mines, the rolling stones generated by high steep slope expansion work threaten the production safety of the lower part, and existing equipment is difficult to clean up scum, affecting production safety and efficiency.
Trapezoidal rock walls and section trenches are set up on the high steep slopes of open-pit mines. The mining structure is formed through lateral blasting and expansion shoveling. The trapezoidal rock walls are used to block the fall of rolling stones. Combined with the segmented operation platform and safety platform, the trenches are adjusted to reduce the number of rolling stones and ensure safe production.
Effectively prevent rolling stones from threatening the safety of lower production, ensure the continuity and efficiency of mine production, reduce the hidden dangers of rolling stones to lower production, and improve safety and production efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN223269972U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to a mining structure, in particular to a mining structure used for expanding and recovering hanging ore bodies in open-pit mines, and belongs to the technical field of open-pit mine mining structure design. Background Art
[0002] Currently, approximately 90% of my country's large-scale open-pit iron ore mines have transitioned to deep-pit mining, and production capacity is gradually declining. However, with the advancement of mineral processing technology, resource recovery rates have increased, and the economically reasonable stripping ratio will increase compared to the original open-pit mining boundary delineation. As a result, most open-pit mines are now able to expand and recover overhanging ore bodies to offset production decline. Due to the limitations of the open-pit top-down layered mining method, if the mine is to achieve continuous production and expansion, the spatial relationship between expansion and extension and the simultaneous operation of the upper and lower levels will exist. Trenching operations for the initial stripping strips of the upper steep slopes will be carried out, and the rockfall generated by blasting and shoveling will threaten the safety of production equipment and personnel below. In addition, as the steep slope is expanded and descended, most of the accumulated slag is stored on the slope and platform between the expansion operation and the production operation. Since the height of a single step in a large open-pit mine is generally more than 15m, and the maximum digging height of existing long-arm excavator equipment is about 15m, considering the slope angle inclination factor, it is actually only possible to clean up some of the floating rocks on the slope surface, and it is difficult to clean up the slag accumulated on the safety platform. Affected by the vibration of the upper horizontal expansion blasting, floating rocks are prone to rolling down, which also threatens the safety of production below. Utility Model Content
[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a mining structure for expanding and recovering hanging ore bodies in open-pit mines, which can prevent rolling stones from threatening normal safe production at the bottom and does not require production suspension and wall expansion transition.
[0004] The technical solution adopted to solve the above technical problems is: a mining structure for expanding and recovering hanging wall ore bodies in open-pit mines, including a side slope and a deep open-pit mining area thereunder, the mining structure also includes a trapezoidal rock wall, a segmented ditch and a working platform, the working platform includes a segmented working platform and / or a layered working platform, and the segmented working platform or the layered working platform with an air-facing side slope is provided with a segmented ditch and a trapezoidal rock wall. The working platform with the air-facing side slope is formed by performing lateral blasting and wall expansion and shoveling mining operations on the non-adjacent side slope of the segmented ditch based on the segmented ditch, and other working platforms are formed in the process of performing lateral blasting and wall expansion and shoveling mining operations on the non-adjacent side slope of the corresponding segmented working platform or the layered working platform; during the wall expansion mining operation, the operating boulders generated by the segmented ditch operation are blocked by the trapezoidal rock wall and restricted from falling into the deep open-pit mining area or the adjacent working platform.
[0005] Furthermore, the trapezoidal rock wall is a trapezoidal excavated outer wall formed by lateral blasting and wall expansion and shoveling mining operations on the non-adjacent side slopes of the double-walled trench based on the pre-excavated double-walled trench.
[0006] The preferred embodiment of the above scheme is that the height of the trapezoidal excavation outer wall is not less than half the height of a single layer of mined ore, and the width of the top edge of the trapezoidal excavation outer wall is not less than 5m.
[0007] Furthermore, the height of a single layer of mined ore does not exceed 15m, and each layer of mined ore is divided into at least two sections, and the height of each section of mined ore does not exceed 7.5m.
[0008] The preferred method of the above scheme is to use the double-wall ditch as a basis, and to form an open ditch with a width of not less than 20m by performing lateral blasting and expansion and shoveling mining operations on the non-adjacent side slopes of the double-wall ditch.
[0009] Furthermore, the width of the segmented working platform and / or the layered working platform is not less than 40m.
[0010] A preferred embodiment of the above scheme is that the slope angle of the non-airside ditch side slope of the segmented working platform and / or the layered working platform is ≤75°.
[0011] Furthermore, a safety platform with a width of not less than 5m is provided on the slope of the trapezoidal excavation outer wall facing the air.
[0012] A preferred embodiment of the above scheme is that the operating rocks are blasting rocks and / or shovel-loaded disturbed rocks generated during trenching operations and are deposited on the trench side slopes of a safety platform or a non-airborne operating platform.
[0013] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows: the technical solution provided by the present application is based on the side slope and the deep open-pit mining area thereunder, and the mining structure of the present application is formed by adding a trapezoidal rock wall, a segmented ditch and a working platform, and combined with the characteristics that the working platform includes a segmented working platform and / or a layered working platform, the present application sets a segmented ditch and a trapezoidal rock wall on the segmented working platform or the layered working platform with an air-facing side slope, and then the working platform with the air-facing side slope is formed by performing lateral blasting and wall expansion and shoveling mining operations on the non-adjacent side slope of the segmented ditch based on the segmented ditch, while other working platforms are formed in the process of performing lateral blasting and wall expansion and shoveling mining operations on the non-adjacent side slope of the corresponding segmented working platform or the layered working platform; and in the process of wall expansion mining operations, the operating rolling stones generated by the segmented ditch operation are blocked by the trapezoidal rock wall and restricted from falling into the deep open-pit mining area or the adjacent working platform, so as to achieve the construction operation purpose of preventing rolling stones from threatening the normal safe production below and not requiring production to be stopped for wall expansion transition. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the side expansion trench of the mining structure for expanding and recovering the hanging ore body in an open-pit mine according to the utility model;
[0015] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the utility model for cleaning the platform slag of the mining structure for expanding and recovering the hanging ore body in the open-pit mine.
[0016] The markings in the figure are: side slope 1, trapezoidal rock wall 2, trench section 3, working platform 4, working rolling stone 5, single-layer mining ore 6, wall top edge 7, safety platform 8, trench side slope 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 The present invention shows a mining structure for expanding and recovering hanging ore bodies in open-pit mines, which can prevent rolling stones from threatening normal safe production in the lower part and does not require production suspension for wall expansion transition. The mining structure includes a side slope 1 and a deep open-pit mining area thereunder. The mining structure also includes a trapezoidal rock wall 2, a section ditch 3 and a working platform 4. The working platform 4 includes a segmented working platform and / or a layered working platform. The segmented working platform or layered working platform with an air-facing side slope is provided with a segmented ditch 3 and a trapezoidal rock wall 2. The working platform 4 with an air-facing side slope is formed by performing lateral blasting and wall expansion and shoveling mining operations on the non-adjacent side slopes of the segmented ditch 3 based on the segmented ditch 3. Other working platforms 4 are formed in the process of performing lateral blasting and wall expansion and shoveling mining operations on the non-adjacent side slopes of the corresponding segmented working platforms or layered working platforms; during the wall expansion mining operation, the operating boulders 5 generated by the segmented ditch 3 operation are blocked and restricted from falling into the deep open-pit mining area or the adjacent working platform 4 by the trapezoidal rock wall 2. The technical solution provided by the present application is based on the side slope and the deep open-pit mining area below it, and the mining structure of the present application is formed by adding a trapezoidal rock wall, a segmented ditch and a working platform. Combined with the characteristics of the working platform including a segmented working platform and / or a layered working platform, the present application sets a segmented ditch and a trapezoidal rock wall on the segmented working platform or the layered working platform with an air-facing side slope, and then the working platform with the air-facing side slope is formed by performing lateral blasting and wall expansion and shoveling mining operations on the non-adjacent side slope of the segmented ditch based on the segmented ditch, while other working platforms are formed in the process of performing lateral blasting and wall expansion and shoveling mining operations on the non-adjacent side slope of the corresponding segmented working platform or the layered working platform; and in the process of wall expansion mining operations, the operating rolling stones generated by the segmented ditch operation are blocked by the trapezoidal rock wall and restricted from falling into the deep open-pit mining area or the adjacent working platform, so as to achieve the construction operation purpose of preventing rolling stones from threatening the normal safe production below and not requiring production to be stopped for wall expansion transition.
[0018] Accordingly, in light of actual production conditions, and in order to simplify its structure as much as possible to accommodate dynamic changes in the structure during mining operations, the formation and dynamic changes of the structure of this application are as follows: The trapezoidal rock wall 2 is a trapezoidal excavation outer wall formed by lateral blasting and wall expansion and shoveling mining operations on the non-adjacent side slopes of the double-walled trench, based on a pre-excavated double-walled trench. The height of the trapezoidal excavation outer wall shall not be less than half the height of a single layer of mined ore 6, and the width of the top edge 7 of the trapezoidal excavation outer wall shall not be less than 5m. The height of a single layer of mined ore 6 shall not exceed 15m per layer, and each layer of mined ore shall be divided into at least two sections, with each section of mined ore not exceeding 7.5m in height. Based on the double-walled trench, the width of the segmented trench 3 formed by lateral blasting and wall expansion and shoveling mining operations on the non-adjacent side slopes of the double-walled trench shall not be less than 20m. The width of the segmented and / or layered working platforms shall not be less than 40m. The slope angle of the non-airside ditch slope of the segmented and / or layered working platforms is ≤75°. A safety platform 8, at least 5m wide, is also installed on the slope of the trapezoidal excavation's exterior wall facing the airside. Operational rockfall 5, consisting of blasting-discarded rockfall and / or shovel-loaded rockfall generated during segmented trenching operations, accumulates on the safety platform 8 or the ditch slope 9 of the non-airside working platform.
[0019] To sum up, the mining structure provided by this application is used to expand and recover the hanging wall ore body in open-pit mines. Due to the adjustment of the trenching method, the number of rolling stones in the upper steep slope expansion operation is effectively reduced. By creating slag cleaning conditions, the slag receiving capacity of the safety platform is restored, and the hidden danger of rolling stones from the upper expansion to the lower production is eliminated. The safety of the coordinated operation of the steep slope expansion and lower production in large deep open-pit mines is improved, and the continuity and efficiency of the safe and efficient production operations of the mine are ensured. The operation process is simple, the production efficiency is high, the safety is good, the scope of application is wide, and it is worthy of large-scale promotion and application.
[0020] The technical solution of this application is further described below through specific embodiments:
[0021] 1. Purpose of this application:
[0022] The purpose of this application is to propose a trenching and slag clearing method for high-steep slope expansion based on safe production under the coordinated operation of high-steep slope expansion and lower production in large deep open-pit mines, namely the above-mentioned mining method. By adjusting the trenching method, the number of rolling stones in the upper high-steep slope expansion operation is effectively reduced, slag clearing conditions are created to restore the slag receiving capacity of the safe platform, eliminate the hidden danger of rolling stones from the upper expansion to the lower production, and ensure the continuity and efficiency of the safe and efficient production operations of the mine.
[0023] 2. Main technical solutions:
[0024] The technical problem solved by the present application is to provide a trenching and slag clearing method for coordinated safe operation of high-steep slope expansion and lower production in a large deep open pit mine. The high-steep slope expansion and lower normal production involve two spatial operation areas in the deep open pit stope, wherein the high-steep slope expansion is a secondary expansion of the boundary. The new level preparation is to open a trench on the fixed high-steep slope. The lower normal production is normal mining and stripping operations according to the established deep open pit boundary, including the following steps:
[0025] 1) The high and steep slopes mentioned above are high and steep slopes formed by the production of open-pit mines according to the established final boundary. The slope of the existing terrain is generally greater than 45°.
[0026] 2) The high and steep wall expansion mentioned above: open-pit wall expansion is a planar outward expansion based on the established final boundary, and the depth decreases in layers according to the top-down mining method, and the layer height is the height of a single step.
[0027] 3) The described trenching for expanding the wall: The expansion operation is also a type of hillside open-pit mining. It requires a new horizontal trenching section, which is expanded into a working face to complete the mining operation. The conventional method of trenching in hillside open-pit mines is to form a minimum working space according to the height of a single step along the terrain. The blasting free surface of the initial stripping strip trenching operation is facing downward, which is prone to blasting and throwing rocks. Based on this, taking into account the shoveling efficiency of the equipment, the trenching operation for the initial stripping strip expansion adopts a single-step segmented double-arm trenching. First, a trapezoidal rock wall is reserved on the outside of the trench section, and the direction of the blasting free surface of the trench section is changed. The trapezoidal rock wall is recovered again, and the blasting free surface is designed to be in the direction of the trench section, thereby preventing blasting and throwing rocks. This method is repeated once to complete the trenching preparation for a new horizontal step.
[0028] 4) The expansion and slag removal described above: After the first segment trenching work is completed on a single step, a long-arm excavator is called to clean the slag on the slope and platform of the next segment to ensure that there is no floating stone on the outside of the blasting segment and it is not disturbed by the blasting vibration and rolls down. At the same time, a safe platform against the side is cleared as a secondary slag receiving platform.
[0029] 5) The above method is carried out from top to bottom according to the wall expansion level, and repeated until all levels of wall expansion and platform slag removal operations are completed.
[0030] Example 1
[0031] The following describes the embodiments of the present application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and implementation methods. The scope of protection of the present application is not limited by the embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the scope of protection of the present application.
[0032] This application proposes a trenching and slag removal method for steep slope expansion, involving two spatial operation areas: the upper steep slope step is used for expansion mining, while the lower part maintains normal mining operations. The specific implementation method includes the following steps:
[0033] Step 1: Divide the height of the single step of the side slope into sections and dig the section trench.
[0034] Step 2: The first excavation strip on the slope is dug using a double-wall trench method.
[0035] Step 3: After the excavation of the section trench is completed, lateral blasting and expansion and shoveling operations are carried out on the non-air-facing side of the section trench, forming a trapezoidal rock wall on the air-facing side of the section trench to ensure working space and safety.
[0036] Step 4: After the recovery of the above-mentioned area is completed, the trapezoidal rock wall will be lateral blasted and shoveled.
[0037] Step 5: After completing the above-mentioned trench expansion and shoveling operations, use long-arm excavators and other excavation equipment to clean up the floating stones on the slope surface and the loose rocks trapped by the original safety platform.
[0038] Step 6: Carry out the above steps (wall expansion and trenching - ore mining and stripping - platform slag cleaning) from top to bottom according to the wall expansion level, and repeat the process until the wall expansion and platform slag cleaning operations of all platforms are completed.
[0039] The height of the segmented steps is 1 / 2 of the height of a single step on the side slope. In this embodiment, the height of a single step on the side slope is ≤15m, and the height of the segmented steps is ≤7.5m.
[0040] The minimum bottom width of the trench is determined according to the transportation method, the type of excavation equipment, the rock properties, etc. In this embodiment, the minimum bottom width of the trench is 20m, and the trench slope angle is ≤75°.
[0041] The lateral blasting parameters are determined according to the properties of the ore and rock, geological conditions, blasting purpose and safety requirements.
[0042] The height of the trapezoidal rock wall is consistent with the height of the segmented steps, and the upper base width is not less than the designed safety platform width; in this embodiment, the height of the trapezoidal rock wall is ≤7.5m, and the upper base width is ≥5m.
[0043] The width 7 of the working platform between each layer is determined according to the requirements of equipment operation and personnel operation. In this embodiment, the width of the working platform between each segment is ≥40m.
Claims
1. A mining structure for expanding and recovering an ore body in an open-pit mine, comprising a side slope (1) and a deep open-pit mining area thereunder, characterized in that: The mining structure further comprises a trapezoidal rock wall (2), a segmented ditch (3) and a working platform (4), wherein the working platform (4) comprises a segmented working platform and / or a layered working platform, wherein the segmented working platform or the layered working platform with an air-facing side slope is provided with an segmented ditch (3) and a trapezoidal rock wall (2), wherein the working platform (4) with an air-facing side slope is formed by performing lateral blasting and wall expansion and shoveling mining operations on the non-adjacent side slope of the segmented ditch (3) based on the segmented ditch (3), and the other working platforms (4) are formed by performing lateral blasting and wall expansion and shoveling mining operations on the non-adjacent side slope of the corresponding segmented working platform or the layered working platform; during the wall expansion mining operation, the operating rolling stones (5) generated by the segmented ditch (3) operation are blocked and restricted from falling onto the deep concave open-pit mining operation area or the adjacent working platform (4) by the trapezoidal rock wall (2).
2. The mining structure for expanding and recovering overhanging ore bodies in open-pit mines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The trapezoidal rock wall (2) is a trapezoidal excavated outer wall formed by lateral blasting and expansion and shoveling mining operations on the non-adjacent side slopes of the double-walled trench based on the pre-excavated double-walled trench.
3. The mining structure for expanding and recovering overhanging ore bodies in open-pit mines according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The height of the trapezoidal excavation outer wall shall not be less than half the height of the single layer of mined ore (6), and the width of the top edge (7) of the trapezoidal excavation outer wall shall not be less than 5m.
4. The mining structure for expanding and recovering overhanging ore bodies in open-pit mines according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The height of a single layer of mined ore (6) does not exceed 15m, and each layer of mined ore is divided into at least two sections, and the height of each section of mined ore does not exceed 7.5m.
5. The mining structure for expanding and recovering overhanging ore bodies in open-pit mines according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that: Based on the double-wall ditch, the width of the open ditch (3) formed by lateral blasting and expansion and shoveling mining operations on the non-edge side slopes of the double-wall ditch is not less than 20m.
6. The mining structure for expanding and recovering overhanging ore bodies in open-pit mines according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The width of the segmented working platform and / or layered working platform shall not be less than 40m.
7. The mining structure for expanding and recovering overhanging ore bodies in open-pit mines according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The slope angle of the non-airside ditch side slope of the segmented work platform and / or layered work platform is ≤75°.
8. The mining structure for expanding and recovering overhanging ore bodies in open-pit mines according to claim 7 is characterized in that: A safety platform (8) with a width of not less than 5m is also provided on the slope of the trapezoidal excavation outer wall facing the air.
9. The mining structure for expanding and recovering overhanging ore bodies in open-pit mines according to claim 8, characterized in that: The operating rocks (5) are rocks thrown down by blasting and / or rocks disturbed by shoveling generated during trenching operations, and are accumulated on the ditch side slope (9) of the safety platform 8 or the non-airborne operating platform.