Side structure and container
Through the structure spaced apart from the wall panels of the container, the columns are separated by a fixed groove and the insulation part, the thermal bridge and heat leakage problems are solved, and the insulation performance and strength are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422105791.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-29
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-08-28
AI Technical Summary
The existing insulation containers have poor foaming quality due to the installation of embedded parts between the inner and outer plates, resulting in thermal bridges and heat leakage, affecting the insulation performance.
The structure is adopted to space the columns and the wall panels, and the columns and the insulation part are separated from the wall panels through the fixing grooves and the insulation part, and insulation materials are arranged between the columns and the fixing grooves to reduce heat transfer and avoid the generation of heat bridges.
It improves the insulation performance of the container, reduces heat loss, and ensures the strength of the side structure and the fixing effect of equipment and goods.
Smart Images

Figure CN223279773U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of containers, in particular to a side structure and a container. Background Art
[0002] Existing insulated containers often have thermal break embedded parts between the inner and outer panels for fixing equipment, cargo, etc. However, the installation of embedded parts between the inner and outer panels often leads to poor foaming quality of the overall structure, the generation of thermal bridges and heat leakage, thereby affecting the thermal insulation performance of the insulated container.
[0003] like Figure 1 As shown, the side structure 10 of a conventional container includes an inner wall panel 1, an outer wall panel 2, columns 3, and insulation material 4. The inner wall panel 1 and the outer wall panel 2 are spaced apart, and the columns 3 are tightly fitted and connected to the outer wall panel 2 to fix the position of the columns 3. The insulation material 4 is filled in the area between the inner wall panel 1 and the outer wall panel 2. However, this structure is prone to causing thermal bridges between the inside and outside of the container.
[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a side structure and a container to at least partially solve the above problems. Utility Model Content
[0005] The Summary of the Utility Model introduces a series of simplified concepts that will be further described in the Detailed Description of the Utility Model. The Summary of the Utility Model of the Utility Model does not intend to limit the key features and essential technical features of the claimed technical solution, nor does it intend to determine the scope of protection of the claimed technical solution.
[0006] In order to at least partially solve the above problems, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a side structure is provided for a container. The side structure comprises:
[0007] a first wall plate and a second wall plate, wherein the first wall plate and the second wall plate are arranged opposite to each other in a thickness direction;
[0008] a column, wherein the column is located between the first wall panel and the second wall panel along the thickness direction and is spaced apart from the first wall panel and the second wall panel;
[0009] a fixing groove, the fixing groove being fixedly connected to the second wall plate, the opening of the fixing groove facing the first wall plate; and
[0010] The heat-insulating portion is fixedly connected to the fixing groove, and the heat-insulating portion is fixedly connected to the column to separate the column and the fixing groove.
[0011] According to the side structure of the present invention, the structure is simple, the production and assembly are easy, the strength is good, and the economy and practicality are good. The columns are not in direct contact with the first wall panel and the second wall panel. Insulation materials are arranged between the columns and the first wall panel, the second wall panel and the fixing groove. Heat will not be transferred to the columns through the first wall panel and the second wall panel, which reduces the generation of internal and external thermal bridges of the container, blocks the heat transfer of the side structure, ensures the thermal insulation performance of the side structure of the container, avoids the heat leakage caused by the generation of thermal bridges, and maintains the columns in the required position through the fixing groove and the insulation part, thereby ensuring the strength of the side structure and stably maintaining the columns in the required position during the formation of the insulation layer and the application of the side structure.
[0012] Optionally, the side structure further includes a first connecting portion connected between the second wall panel and the fixing groove.
[0013] Optionally, the first connecting portion includes a structural adhesive layer, and the structural adhesive layer is adhesively connected between the second wall panel and the fixing groove.
[0014] Optionally, the heat-insulating portion is fastened to the fixing groove; and / or
[0015] The side structure further includes a second connecting portion connected between the heat-insulating portion and the column.
[0016] Optionally, the side structure further includes a second connecting portion, the second connecting portion includes an adhesive layer, and the adhesive layer is adhesively connected between the heat insulation portion and the column.
[0017] Optionally, the side structure further includes a thermal insulation layer, the thermal insulation layer is located between the first wall panel and the second wall panel, and the columns and the fixing grooves are both embedded in the thermal insulation layer.
[0018] Optionally, the side structure further includes:
[0019] An upper beam and a lower beam, the upper beam and the lower beam are arranged opposite to each other along a first direction perpendicular to the thickness direction and extend along a second direction perpendicular to the thickness direction and the first direction, the column is indirectly connected to the upper beam and the lower beam, and the two ends of the first wall panel along the first direction are respectively connected to the upper beam and the lower beam.
[0020] Optionally, the side structure further includes:
[0021] A first reinforcement member, wherein a first end of the first reinforcement member along the second direction is connected to the column, and the first reinforcement member is indirectly connected to the upper beam.
[0022] Optionally,
[0023] The side structure further includes: a second reinforcement member, the second reinforcement member including a first plate and a second plate connected at an angle, the first plate and the second plate both being connected to the upper beam, wherein a first side of the first reinforcement member along the first direction is connected to the first plate of the second reinforcement member, and the second plate of the second reinforcement member is connected to a first end of the column along the first direction; and / or
[0024] The side structure further includes a third reinforcement member connecting the lower beam and the second end of the column along the first direction.
[0025] Optionally, the column includes two column base stages and a column connecting section connecting the two column base stages, the column connecting section is connected to the heat insulation part, and the column base stage is connected to the first end of the first reinforcement.
[0026] A second aspect of the present invention provides a container, which includes a side structure according to any of the above solutions.
[0027] The container according to the second aspect of the present invention can achieve technical effects similar to those of the side structure of the first aspect.
[0028] It can be understood that the container according to the second aspect of the present invention includes all the technical features and effects of the side structure according to the first aspect of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0029] The following drawings of the present invention are used as part of the present invention for understanding the present invention. The drawings show the embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions, and are used to explain the device and principle of the present invention. In the drawings,
[0030] Figure 1 A partial cross-sectional view of a side structure of an existing container;
[0031] Figure 2 A partial cross-sectional view of a side structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
[0032] Figure 3 It is a side view of a side structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present utility model;
[0033] Figure 4 for Figure 2 a portion of a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG; and
[0034] Figure 5 for Figure 3 A portion of the cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG.
[0035] Description of reference numerals:
[0036] 100: Side structure 110: First wall panel
[0037] 120: Second wall panel 130: Column
[0038] 131: Column stage 132: Column connection section
[0039] 140: Fixed groove 151: Insulation part
[0040] 152: First connection part 153: Second connection part
[0041] 154: Insulation layer 155: Fasteners
[0042] 161: Upper beam 162: Lower beam
[0043] 171: First reinforcement 171a: First end
[0044] 172: Second reinforcement 172a: First plate
[0045] 172b: Second plate 173: Third reinforcement
[0046] D1: first direction D2: second direction
[0047] D3: thickness direction DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0048] In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be practiced without one or more of these details. In other instances, certain technical features known in the art are not described to avoid confusion with the present invention.
[0049] To provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, the following description will provide a detailed structural explanation of the present invention. Obviously, the implementation of the present invention is not limited to the specific details familiar to those skilled in the art. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. However, in addition to these detailed descriptions, the present invention may also have other embodiments and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
[0050] It should be understood that the purpose of the terms used herein is only to describe specific embodiments and is not intended to limit the present invention. The singular forms "a", "an" and "said / the" are also intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. When the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of the described features, wholes, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. The terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right" and similar expressions used in this utility model are for illustrative purposes only and are not limiting.
[0051] Ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" cited in the present invention are merely identifiers and do not have any other meanings, such as a specific order, etc. Moreover, for example, the term "first component" itself does not imply the existence of a "second component", and the term "second component" itself does not imply the existence of a "first component".
[0052] Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings show representative embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
[0053] refer to Figures 1 to 5 According to a first aspect of the present invention, a side structure 100 is provided for a container. The side structure 100 includes a first wall panel 110, a second wall panel 120, a column 130, a fixing groove 140, and a heat-insulating portion 151. The first wall panel 110 and the second wall panel 120 are arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction D3. The column 130 is located between the first wall panel 110 and the second wall panel 120 along the thickness direction D3 and is spaced apart from both the first wall panel 110 and the second wall panel 120. The fixing groove 140 is fixedly connected to the second wall panel 120, and the opening of the fixing groove 140 faces the first wall panel 110. The heat-insulating portion 151 is fixedly connected to the fixing groove 140, and the heat-insulating portion 151 is fixedly connected to the column 130 to separate the column 130 from the fixing groove 140.
[0054] According to the side structure of the present invention, the structure is simple, the production and assembly are easy, the strength is good, and it is economical and practical. The column is not in direct contact with the first wall panel and the second wall panel. Insulation materials are arranged between the column and the first wall panel, the second wall panel and the fixing groove. Heat will not be transferred to the column through the first wall panel and the second wall panel, which reduces the generation of internal and external thermal bridges of the container, blocks the heat transfer of the side structure, ensures the thermal insulation performance of the side structure of the container, avoids the heat leakage caused by the generation of thermal bridges, and maintains the column in the required position through the fixing groove and the insulation part, thereby ensuring the strength of the side structure and stably maintaining the column in the required position during the formation of the insulation layer and the application of the side structure, thereby improving the fixing effect of equipment, goods, etc.
[0055] The side structure 100 is used for a container, especially a thermal insulation container, which can be used in the cold chain transportation industry, for example, to transport fresh goods such as fruits and vegetables. The side structure 100 can be located on the side wall or the end wall of the container.
[0056] The side structure 100 may include a first wall panel 110, a second wall panel 120, a column 130, a fixing groove 140, an insulation part 151, a first connecting part 152, a second connecting part 153, an insulation layer 154, an upper beam 161, a lower beam 162, a first reinforcement 171, a second reinforcement 172 and a third reinforcement 173.
[0057] The first wall panel 110 and the second wall panel 120 are arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction D3. The column 130 is located between the first wall panel 110 and the second wall panel 120 along the thickness direction D3 and is spaced apart from the first wall panel 110 and the second wall panel 120. The heat of the first wall panel 110 can be separated from the column 130 by the thermal insulation layer 154 and the thermal insulation part 151, and the heat of the first wall panel 110 is not transferred to the inside of the container through the column 130. The heat of the second wall panel 120 can be separated from the column 130 by the thermal insulation layer 154 and the thermal insulation part 151, and the heat of the second wall panel 120 is not transferred to the outside of the container through the column 130. No heat is transferred to the column 130 through the first wall panel 110 and the second wall panel 120, which reduces the contact area between the column 130 and the external environment, reduces heat loss, reduces the generation of thermal bridges, blocks heat transfer of the side structure 100, and ensures the thermal insulation performance of the side structure 100 of the container.
[0058] It is understood that in the side structure 100, when the first wall panel 110 is an outer panel, the second wall panel 120 can be an inner panel. In this case, it is suitable for securing equipment, cargo, etc. from the inside of the container including the side structure 100. When the first wall panel 110 is an inner panel, the second wall panel 120 can be an outer panel. In this case, it is suitable for securing equipment, cargo, etc. from the outside of the container including the side structure 100.
[0059] The following is a detailed description of the case where the first wall panel 110 is an outer panel and the second wall panel 120 is an inner panel.
[0060] The upper beam 161 and the lower beam 162 can be arranged opposite each other along a first direction D1 perpendicular to the thickness direction D3 and extend along a second direction D2 perpendicular to the thickness direction D3 and the first direction D1. The columns 130 can be indirectly connected to the upper beam 161 and the lower beam 162, with the ends of the first wall panel 110 along the first direction D1 connected to the upper beam 161 and the lower beam 162, respectively. The columns 130 do not directly contact the upper beam 161 and the lower beam 162. Heat is indirectly transferred to the columns 130 via the upper beam 161, and heat is indirectly transferred to the columns 130 via the lower beam 162. This reduces the generation of internal and external thermal bridges in the container, blocks heat transfer from the side structure 100, and ensures the thermal insulation performance of the container's side structure 100.
[0061] The fixing groove 140 is fixedly connected to the second wall panel 120, with the opening of the fixing groove 140 facing the first wall panel 110. The heat-insulating portion 151 is fixedly connected to the fixing groove 140 and can be fixedly connected to the column 130 to separate the column 130 from the fixing groove 140. The heat-insulating portion 151 can be fixedly connected to the column 130 via the second connecting portion 153. In other words, the second connecting portion 153 can be connected between the heat-insulating portion 151 and the column 130. Specifically, the second connecting portion 153 can include an adhesive layer that is bonded and connected between the heat-insulating portion 151 and the column 130. The second connecting portion 153 can be a double-sided tape, so that the first structure formed by integrating the second wall panel 120, the fixing groove 140, and the heat-insulating portion 151 can be conveniently connected to the second structure formed by integrating the first wall panel 110 and the column 130 described below. This allows for convenient mold assembly of the first and second structures, thereby improving production efficiency. After the mold is closed, it is placed on, for example, a foaming platform, and the insulation layer 154 material (for example, polyurethane material) is injected under high pressure to foam to form the insulation layer 154.
[0062] The hardness of the heat-insulating layer 154 may be smaller than the hardness of the heat-insulating portion 151. For example, the heat-insulating layer 154 may be made of polyurethane, and the heat-insulating portion 151 may be made of polyethylene.
[0063] In a specific embodiment, the second structure can be integrated by an upper beam 161, a lower beam 162, a first reinforcement 171, a second reinforcement 172, a third reinforcement 173, a first wall panel 110, and a column 130. Specifically, the upper beam 161 and the second reinforcement 172 are welded together, the lower beam 162 and the third reinforcement 173 are welded together, the upper and lower ends of the first wall panel 110 along the first direction D1 are fixed to the upper beam 161 and the lower beam 162, respectively, and the first reinforcement 171 is welded between the second reinforcement 172 and the column 130. The first structure can be integrated by a second wall panel 120, a fixing groove 140, and a heat-insulating portion 151. Specifically, the second wall panel 120 and the fixing groove 140 are fixed together via a first connecting portion 152, and the fixing groove 140 and the heat-insulating portion 151 are fastened together via a fastener 155. The insulation portion 151 of the first structure and the column connecting section 132 of the column 130 of the second structure are attached using double-sided tape, allowing for quick and convenient mold closing. After mold closing, the mold is placed on, for example, a foaming platform, where the insulation layer 154 material is injected under high pressure to form the foam.
[0064] Optionally, the first connecting portion 152 can be connected between the second wall panel 120 and the fixing groove 140. In other words, the fixing groove 140 can be connected to the second wall panel 120 via the first connecting portion 152. The first connecting portion 152 can include a structural adhesive layer, which is adhesively connected between the first wall panel 110 and the fixing groove 140. When the heat-insulating portion 151 (e.g., polyethylene material) is directly bonded to the first wall panel 110 via structural adhesive, it takes about half a day to ensure that the structural adhesive is fully cured. However, when the fixing groove 140 (e.g., metal steel) is bonded to the first wall panel 110 via structural adhesive, it only takes about 30 minutes to ensure that the structural adhesive is fully cured, thereby improving production efficiency and saving labor time and costs.
[0065] The heat-insulating portion 151 can be fastened to the fixing groove 140. The heat-insulating portion 151 can be fastened to the fixing groove 140 via a fastener 155, such as a screw. Thus, the column 130 can be fastened to the second wall panel 120 via the heat-insulating portion 151 and the fixing groove 140. In some embodiments, the column 130 can be fastened to the second wall panel 120 via the heat-insulating portion 151, the fixing groove 140, the first connecting portion 152, and the second connecting portion 153. Thus, the column 130 is maintained at the desired position by the fixing groove 140 and the insulation part 151, avoiding a series of difficult-to-remedy product quality problems such as peeling after high-pressure foaming, cavitation, and embedded parts offset caused by artificial early mold closing during the process. It also ensures that the side structure 100 is stably maintained at the desired position during the application process (for example, when the insulation material expands or contracts), ensures the strength of the side structure 100, and enables the column 130 to be stably maintained at the desired position during the formation process of the insulation layer 154 and the application process of the side structure 100, thereby improving the fixing effect of equipment, goods, etc.
[0066] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 5 The insulation layer 154 can be located between the first wall panel 110 and the second wall panel 120, and the columns 130 and the fixing grooves 140 can be embedded in the insulation layer 154. The first reinforcement member 171 described below can also be embedded in the insulation layer 154. The insulation layer 154 can fill all other spaces between the first wall panel 110 and the second wall panel 120 to enhance thermal insulation performance and reduce heat loss.
[0067] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 5 The first end 171a of the first reinforcement member 171 along the second direction D2 can be connected to the column 130, and the first reinforcement member 171 can be indirectly connected to the upper beam 161. The first reinforcement member 171 can be generally configured as a flat plate. The first reinforcement member 171 strengthens the strength of the side structure 100, helping to stably maintain the column 130 in the desired position during the formation of the insulation layer 154 and the application of the side structure 100, thereby improving the securing effect of equipment, cargo, etc.
[0068] The second reinforcement 172 may include a first plate 172a and a second plate 172b connected at an angle. Both the first plate 172a and the second plate 172b are connected to the upper beam 161. The first side of the first reinforcement 171 along the first direction D1 is connected to the first plate 172a of the second reinforcement 172. In other words, the first reinforcement 171 is connected to the upper beam 161 via the second reinforcement 172. The second reinforcement 172 may be welded to the upper beam 161. The second reinforcement 172 and the first reinforcement 171 reinforce and support the space between the upper beam 161 and the column 130, improving strength while preventing dents or deformation caused by the foaming process of the insulation layer 154. As a result, the side structure 100 is stable and has high structural strength.
[0069] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The column 130 includes a first end and a second end disposed opposite to each other along the length direction. The first end of the column 130 along the length direction can be connected to the second reinforcement member 172 to limit the movement of the column 130 along the first direction D1, thereby firmly holding the column 130 in a desired position.
[0070] Continue to refer Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the third reinforcement 173 can connect the lower beam 162 and the column 130. The second end of the column 130 along the length direction can be connected to the third reinforcement 173, thereby limiting the movement of the column 130 along the first direction D1, thereby firmly maintaining the column 130 in the desired position, improving the strength while preventing the occurrence of dents or deformation caused by the foaming process of the insulation layer 154 material. Specifically, the third reinforcement 173 can include a first side and a second side that are substantially parallel to the thickness direction D3, and a third side connected between the first side and the second side along the first direction D1. The first side and the second side can both be welded to the column 130. As a result, the structure of the side structure 100 is stable and has high structural strength.
[0071] Optionally, the column 130 may include two column base stages 131 and a column connecting section 132 connecting the two column base stages 131. The column connecting section 132 may be connected to the heat-insulating portion 151 via the second connecting portion 153. The column base stages 131 may be connected to the first end 171a of the first reinforcement 171. The cross-sectional shape of the column 130 may be configured as a roughly Ω-shaped column. The column connecting section 132 is roughly parallel to the first wall panel 110. The cross-sectional shape of the two column base stages 131 may both be roughly L-shaped and may each have an outward flange. The outward flange may be connected to the first end 171a of the first reinforcement 171.
[0072] Of course, if needed and / or desired, the side structure can also be used for the top wall of the container, etc. In this case, the two top beams or the two top side beams can correspond to the upper beam and the lower beam respectively, and the remaining structure, design and direction can be adjusted adaptively.
[0073] A second aspect of the present invention provides a container, which includes a side structure 100 according to any of the above solutions.
[0074] The container according to the second aspect of the present invention can achieve similar technical effects as the side structure 100 of the first aspect.
[0075] It can be understood that the container according to the second aspect of the present invention includes all the technical features and effects of the above-mentioned side structure 100 according to the present invention.
[0076] Unless otherwise defined, the technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art in the technical field of the present invention. The terms used herein are only for describing specific implementation purposes and are not intended to limit the present invention. Terms such as "part" and "component" appearing in this document may refer to either a single part or a combination of multiple parts. Terms such as "installation" and "setting" appearing in this document may refer to either a component being directly attached to another component or a component being attached to another component through an intermediate component. Features described in this document in one embodiment may be applied to another embodiment alone or in combination with other features, unless the feature is not applicable in the other embodiment or otherwise specified.
[0077] The present invention has been described through the above embodiments, but it should be understood that the above embodiments are for illustrative and illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the present invention to the described embodiments. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and that various variations and modifications may be made based on the teachings of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A side structure for a container, characterized in that: The side structure comprises: a first wall plate and a second wall plate, wherein the first wall plate and the second wall plate are arranged opposite to each other in a thickness direction; a column, wherein the column is located between the first wall panel and the second wall panel along the thickness direction and is spaced apart from the first wall panel and the second wall panel; a fixing groove, the fixing groove being fixedly connected to the second wall plate, the opening of the fixing groove facing the first wall plate; an insulation layer, the insulation layer being located between the first wall panel and the second wall panel, the upright column and the fixing groove being embedded in the insulation layer; and The heat-insulating portion is fixedly connected to the fixing groove and fastened to the fixing groove via a fastener. The hardness of the heat-insulating layer is less than that of the heat-insulating portion, so that the heat-insulating portion is fixedly connected to the column, thereby separating the column and the fixing groove.
2. The side structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side structure further includes a first connecting portion connected between the second wall plate and the fixing groove.
3. The side structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first connecting portion includes a structural adhesive layer, and the structural adhesive layer is adhesively connected between the second wall panel and the fixing groove.
4. The side structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side structure further includes a second connecting portion connected between the heat-insulating portion and the column.
5. The side structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side structure further includes a second connecting portion, which includes an adhesive layer. The adhesive layer is adhesively connected between the heat-insulating portion and the column.
6. The side structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side structure further comprises: An upper beam and a lower beam, the upper beam and the lower beam are arranged opposite to each other along a first direction perpendicular to the thickness direction and extend along a second direction perpendicular to the thickness direction and the first direction, the column is indirectly connected to the upper beam and the lower beam, and the two ends of the first wall panel along the first direction are respectively connected to the upper beam and the lower beam.
7. The side structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The side structure further comprises: A first reinforcement member, wherein a first end of the first reinforcement member along the second direction is connected to the column, and the first reinforcement member is indirectly connected to the upper beam.
8. The side structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The side structure further includes: a second reinforcement member, the second reinforcement member including a first plate and a second plate connected at an angle, the first plate and the second plate both being connected to the upper beam, wherein a first side of the first reinforcement member along the first direction is connected to the first plate of the second reinforcement member, and the second plate of the second reinforcement member is connected to a first end of the column along the first direction; and / or The side structure further includes a third reinforcement member connecting the lower beam and the second end of the column along the first direction.
9. The side structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The column includes two column base stages and a column connecting section connecting the two column base stages, the column connecting section is connected to the heat insulation part, and the column base stage is connected to the first end of the first reinforcement.
10. A container, characterized in that: The container comprises a side structure according to any one of claims 1-9.