Multi-drive garbage incinerator

Abstract

The utility model provides a multi-drive garbage incinerator which comprises a hopper, a material groove, a feeding device, a hearth, a fire grate frame, a lower air chamber, a pneumatic ash conveying device, a slag falling well and a slag extractor, the fire grate frame is obliquely arranged, a plurality of fire grate segments are arranged on the fire grate frame and sequentially divided into a drying section, a burning section and a burnout section from top to bottom, and the drying section, the burning section and the burnout section are arranged in the hearth. The fire grate segments of the drying section, the combustion section and the burnout section are respectively connected with corresponding independent reverse pushing type driving mechanisms; a frustum-shaped boss is arranged at the head of each fire grate segment, and an air outlet hole is formed in the head of each frustum-shaped boss. And a plurality of layers of secondary air nozzles are arranged in the hearth. According to the garbage incinerator adopting the technical scheme, garbage does not need to be pretreated, incineration is stable, the temperature of the hearth is high, the ignition loss of slag is low, and garbage combustion is sufficient; and the probability of occurrence of the problems such as grate jamming and hearth coking is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of garbage disposal, in particular to a multi-drive garbage incinerator. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the treatment of small-scale domestic waste mostly involves simple landfill or pyrolysis gasification furnaces. Landfilling occupies more land and pollutes soil and groundwater. Compared with incineration, landfilling has higher carbon emissions and is not a method for harmless waste reduction and resource utilization. Pyrolysis gasification furnaces are used to treat waste, as the flue gas CO and O2 content is unstable, which can easily cause flue gas harmful substances and dioxins to exceed standards. Furthermore, pyrolysis gasification requires pre-treatment of the waste by crushing, which can easily produce foul odors and raw materials, causing new environmental pollution. Compared with mechanical grate incinerators for treating domestic waste, it is more likely to cause secondary pollution and waste a certain amount of land resources. However, current mechanical grate incinerators have disadvantages during operation, such as grate jamming, ash and air leakage, severe coking in the furnace, and incomplete combustion of waste. Utility Model Content

[0003] In response to the above technical problems, the utility model discloses a multi-drive garbage incinerator, which reduces the probability of problems such as grate jamming and furnace coking.

[0004] To this end, the technical solution of the present utility model is:

[0005] A multi-drive garbage incinerator includes a hopper, a trough, a feeding device, a furnace, a grate frame, a downdraft chamber, a pneumatic ash conveying device, a slag dropout pit, and a slag discharger. The grate frame is tilted and provided with a plurality of grate plates. The grate plates are divided into a drying section, a combustion section, and an ember burning section from high to low. The grate plates of each of the drying section, the combustion section, and the ember burning section are respectively connected to corresponding independent reverse-thrust drive mechanisms; the reverse-thrust type means that the grate pushes the garbage from bottom to top.

[0006] The head of the grate plate is provided with a frustum-shaped boss, and the head of the frustum-shaped boss is provided with an air outlet;

[0007] Multiple layers of secondary air nozzles are arranged in the furnace.

[0008] Furthermore, the grate slats of each of the drying, combustion, and burnout sections are connected to three reverse-propulsion drive mechanisms. Furthermore, the grate slats include movable grate slats and stationary grate slats. The movable grate slats are connected to the drive beams of the reverse-propulsion drive mechanisms, while the stationary grate slats are connected to the fixed beams of the reverse-propulsion drive mechanisms and are not connected to the drive mechanism.

[0009] This technical solution utilizes independent drive mechanisms for the drying, combustion, and burnout sections, allowing for independent adjustment of the grate speeds in the preheating, drying, combustion, and burnout sections. This allows for flexible control of the time the garbage remains on the grate, ensuring the complete combustion of all household waste and the decomposition of harmful substances. This ensures complete combustion of the garbage and a thermal reduction rate for the ash exceeding national standards. A frustum-shaped boss is incorporated into the grate head to enhance the turnover of the garbage during its reciprocating motion, promoting its complete combustion. Air outlets are also incorporated into the head to enhance the penetration of primary air into the garbage layer.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the air outlet is located in the middle of the head of the frustum-shaped boss, and the air outlet is in the shape of a vertically extending flat long strip.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the grate plates are made of high-chromium alloy material, which is resistant to high temperatures, wear and corrosion.

[0012] As a further improvement to the present invention, the front arch of the furnace is vertically equipped with at least two layers of secondary air nozzles, the rear arch corner of the furnace is provided with a layer of secondary air nozzles, and the upper portion of the rear arch is provided with three layers of secondary air nozzles. This technical solution, with multiple layers of front and rear arch secondary air nozzles, allows for reasonable control of the injection position and amount of secondary air based on the flue gas temperature at the furnace outlet. This prevents coking in the furnace to a certain extent while also ensuring a disturbing effect on the flue gas at the furnace outlet, promoting secondary combustion and minimizing the rate of incomplete chemical combustion and carbon monoxide emissions.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the reverse thrust drive mechanism includes a movable beam, at least two Z-beams and a connecting rod. The movable beam spans above at least two Z-beams and is connected to the Z-beams. The front end of the Z-beam is connected to the grate plate through a connecting rod.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the hopper is arranged at an angle; the lower discharge port of the trough is larger than the upper feed port, which is conducive to the sliding of garbage and prevents bridging.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, a rotary closed door is provided on the upper part of the trough for ensuring the sealing of the furnace. With this technical solution, the closed door can be closed when starting or stopping the furnace to ensure the sealing of the furnace.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the inclination angle of the grate rack is 20-30°. Further preferably, the inclination angle of the grate rack is 25°.

[0017] As a further improvement to the present invention, the lower air chamber includes multiple air supply chambers corresponding to the drying, combustion, and burnout stages, each equipped with independently adjustable dampers. This technical solution allows for linear adjustment of the weight of each chamber, ensuring uniform air distribution and a rational distribution of the fire bed, resulting in stable and sufficient combustion.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] Compared to small pyrolysis gasification furnaces, the waste incinerator of the present invention does not require pre-treatment of the waste, and features stable combustion and high furnace temperatures. It can stably meet the flue gas retention requirement of over 850°C for 2 seconds, and the slag thermal burn-off rate is less than 3%. This reduces the probability of grate jamming, furnace coking, and other problems. The grate speeds of the preheating and drying section, combustion section, and burnout section can be adjusted individually to ensure that all types of domestic waste are fully burned and harmful substances are fully decomposed. Furthermore, the secondary air setting is optimized, and the flue gas at the furnace outlet is disturbed by the secondary air, creating a better turbulent effect. The flue gas at the furnace outlet has low pollutant and carbon monoxide concentrations, making operation more environmentally friendly and meeting the strict domestic waste incineration flue gas emission standards.

[0020] The incinerator of the technical solution of the utility model is superior to similar imported grates in terms of combustion performance indicators, equipment durability, environmental emission indicators, rapid equipment assembly and mobility, multi-functional coordinated processing, etc. It is suitable for the characteristics of Chinese garbage, easy to maintain, low cost and compact structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a multi-drive garbage incinerator according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0022] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the grate plate of the embodiment of the present invention; wherein, (a)-(d) are respectively a bottom view, a side view, a top view, and a cross-sectional view of the air outlet; (e) is a cross-sectional view in the direction B in Figure (c), and (f) is a cross-sectional view in the direction E in Figure (b).

[0023] Figure 3 It is a partial structural diagram of the reverse thrust drive mechanism of an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0024] Figure 4 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the furnace of an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0025] Reference numerals include:

[0026] 1- hopper, 2- trough, 3- feeding device, 4- furnace, 5- grate frame, 6- downwind chamber, 7- pneumatic ash conveying device, 8- slag drop pit, 9- slag discharger;

[0027] 11-grate plate, 12-cone-shaped boss, 13-air outlet;

[0028] 21-first front arch secondary air nozzle, 22-second front arch secondary air nozzle, 23-secondary air nozzle at the rear arch corner, 24-first rear arch secondary air nozzle, 25-second rear arch secondary air nozzle, 26-third rear arch secondary air nozzle;

[0029] 31-moving beam, 32-Z-beam, 33-connecting rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a multi-drive garbage incinerator includes a hopper 1, a trough 2, a feeding device 3, a furnace 4, a grate frame 5, a downwind chamber 6, a pneumatic ash conveying device 7, a slag drop shaft 8, and a slag discharger 9. The grate frame 5 is arranged at an angle, and a plurality of grate plates 11 are provided on the grate frame 5. The plurality of grate plates 11 are divided into a drying section, a combustion section and a burnout section from high to low. The grate plates of each section of the drying section, the combustion section and the burnout section are respectively connected to corresponding independent reverse thrust drive mechanisms; the reverse thrust means that the grate pushes the garbage from bottom to top.

[0032] The head of the grate plate 11 is provided with a frustum-shaped boss 12, and the head of the frustum-shaped boss 12 is provided with an air outlet 13; the air outlet 13 is located in the middle of the head of the frustum-shaped boss 12, and the air outlet 13 is a vertically extending flat long strip.

[0033] The furnace 4 is provided with multiple layers of secondary air nozzles. Specifically, the front arch of the furnace 4 is provided with at least two layers of secondary air nozzles in the vertical direction, including a first front arch secondary air nozzle 21 and a second front arch secondary air nozzle 22. A layer of secondary air nozzles is provided below the rear arch corner of the furnace, which is the rear arch corner lower secondary air nozzle 23. The upper part of the rear arch of the furnace is provided with three layers of secondary air nozzles in the vertical direction, including a first rear arch secondary air nozzle 24, a second rear arch secondary air nozzle 25, and a third rear arch secondary air nozzle 26. By adopting this technical solution and designing multiple layers of front and rear arch secondary air nozzles, the injection position and injection amount of the secondary air can be reasonably controlled according to the flue gas temperature at the furnace outlet, which can prevent the furnace from coking to a certain extent, and can also ensure the disturbance effect on the flue gas at the furnace outlet, promote secondary combustion, and try to reduce the chemical incomplete combustion rate and the emission concentration of carbon monoxide to the lowest level.

[0034] The grate plate is made of high chromium alloy material, which is resistant to high temperature, wear and corrosion.

[0035] The reverse thrust drive mechanism includes a movable beam 31, two Z-beams 32 and a connecting rod 33. The movable beam 31 spans over at least two Z-beams 32 and is connected to the Z-beams 32. The front end of the Z-beam 32 is connected to the grate plate 11 through the connecting rod 33.

[0036] Furthermore, the grate slices 11 include movable grate slices and static grate slices. The movable grate slices are connected to the driving beam of the reverse driving mechanism, and the static grate slices are connected to the fixed beam of the reverse driving mechanism. The static grate slices are not connected to the drive.

[0037] Furthermore, the grate plates of each of the drying section, the combustion section and the burnout section are respectively connected to three reverse thrust drive mechanisms.

[0038] Furthermore, the hopper 1 is tilted, and the lower discharge port of the trough 2 is larger than the upper feed port, which facilitates the sliding of garbage and prevents bridging. A rotating closed door is provided on the upper part of the trough, which can be closed when starting and stopping the furnace to ensure the sealing of the furnace.

[0039] Furthermore, the lower air chamber 6 includes multiple air supply chambers corresponding to the drying, combustion, and burnout stages, each equipped with an independently adjustable damper. This technical solution allows for linear adjustment of the weight of each chamber, ensuring uniform air distribution and a reasonable distribution of the fire bed, resulting in stable and sufficient combustion.

[0040] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that terms such as "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are orientations or positional relationships based on the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0041] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of this utility model, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0042] In this utility model, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; they can refer to direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this utility model based on specific circumstances.

[0043] The specific implementation methods described above are preferred implementation methods of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the specific implementation scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention includes but is not limited to the specific implementation methods. All equivalent changes made in accordance with the shape and structure of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-drive waste incinerator comprising a hopper, a trough, a feeding device, a furnace, a grate frame, a downwind chamber, a pneumatic ash conveying device, a slag drop pit, and a slag discharger, characterized in that: The grate frame is tilted and provided with a plurality of grate plates, which are divided into a drying section, a combustion section and an ember section from high to low. The grate plates of each section of the drying section, the combustion section and the ember section are respectively connected to corresponding reverse thrust drive mechanisms; The head of the grate plate is provided with a frustum-shaped boss, and the head of the frustum-shaped boss is provided with an air outlet; Multiple layers of secondary air nozzles are arranged in the furnace.

2. The multi-drive waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air outlet is located in the middle of the head of the frustum-shaped boss, and is in the shape of a vertically extending flat long strip.

3. The multi-drive waste incinerator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The grate plate is made of high chromium alloy material.

4. The multi-drive waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front arch of the furnace is provided with at least two layers of secondary air nozzles in the vertical direction, a layer of secondary air nozzles is provided below the corner of the rear arch of the furnace, and three layers of secondary air nozzles are provided on the upper part of the rear arch of the furnace in the vertical direction.

5. The multi-drive waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reverse thrust drive mechanism includes a movable beam, at least two Z-beams and a connecting rod. The movable beam spans over the at least two Z-beams and is connected to the Z-beams. The front end of the Z-beam is connected to the grate plate through the connecting rod.

6. The multi-drive waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hopper is arranged at an angle; the lower discharge port of the trough is larger than the upper feed port.

7. The multi-drive waste incinerator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upper part of the material trough is provided with a rotary closing door for ensuring the sealing of the furnace.

8. The multi-drive waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the grate rack is 20-30°.

9. The multi-drive waste incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The downwind chamber comprises a plurality of air supply chambers corresponding to the drying section, the combustion section and the burnout section respectively, and the air supply chambers are provided with independent regulating dampers.

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