Cooling structure, battery module and battery pack

Abstract

The utility model discloses a cooling structure, a battery module and a battery pack, and belongs to the technical field of battery heat dissipation. Comprising a battery, the battery comprises a plurality of battery cells arranged along a first direction, and a cooling space is arranged between adjacent battery cells; the cooling structure comprises a heat guiding assembly arranged in the cooling space, and at least one part of the heat guiding assembly extends out of the cooling space and is fixed at the top and the bottom of the adjacent battery cell; and the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate is arranged in the cooling space and connected with the heat guiding assembly, and water nozzles are arranged on the two sides of the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate. The technical scheme has the beneficial effects that heat generated by fast charging can be effectively absorbed through the heat guiding assembly, meanwhile, heat on the back side of the battery cell is conducted to the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate, large temperature difference of the battery cell is avoided, single-large-surface cooling is carried out on the battery cell, and the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate is simple in structure and can effectively adapt to and absorb expansion of the battery cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of battery heat dissipation, and in particular to a cooling structure, a battery module, and a battery pack. Background Art

[0002] In the use of new energy vehicles, charging speed has always been the main pain point and difficulty faced by users. Improving the charging speed can significantly reduce the waiting time for charging, thereby improving the convenience and overall efficiency of electric vehicles. However, increasing the charging speed usually involves increasing the capacity of the charging circuit, which will lead to an increase in the heat generation power of the battery cell during charging (usually proportional to the square of the current). The temperature rise of the battery cell will increase accordingly. If the heat generated during the charging process cannot be effectively discharged in a timely manner, the temperature of the battery cell will be too high. At this time, the battery management system (BMS) may limit the charging current, resulting in the charging time failing to meet the expected target. In addition, excessively high battery cell temperature may also damage the life of the battery cell.

[0003] In the existing technology, the dual large surface cooling solution can effectively support reliable heat dissipation during 5C fast charging. However, for battery cells with a thickness of less than 50mm, it is difficult to arrange the pipelines, so the only solution is to use Figure 1 The single-large-surface cooling method shown in the figure. In this case, the thermal boundaries of the two sides of a single battery cell differ significantly, resulting in large temperature differences within the cell. Furthermore, during charging and discharging, the cell gradually expands outward. To accommodate this expansion, a large-surface liquid cold plate with a complex design is often required. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a cooling structure to solve the above technical problems;

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is also to provide a battery module to solve the above technical problems;

[0006] The purpose of this utility model is also to provide a battery pack to solve the above technical problems;

[0007] A cooling structure for a battery, the battery comprising a plurality of battery cells arranged along a first direction, with cooling spaces provided between adjacent battery cells;

[0008] The cooling structure comprises:

[0009] a heat guide assembly, disposed in the cooling space, at least a portion of which extends out of the cooling space and is fixed to the top and bottom of the adjacent battery cells;

[0010] An anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate is arranged in the cooling space and connected to the heat guide assembly. Water nozzles are arranged on both sides of the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate.

[0011] Preferably, the heat guide assembly includes a first heat guide block and a second heat guide block, and the first heat guide block and the second heat guide block are symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the cooling space.

[0012] Preferably, the first heat guide block includes a first guide portion and a second guide portion, the first guide portion and the second guide portion are perpendicular to each other, the first end of the first guide portion is close to the side of the battery cell facing away from the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate, the second end of the first guide portion is connected to the first end of the second guide portion, and the second end of the second guide portion is connected to the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate.

[0013] Preferably, a spacer is provided between the first heat guiding block and the second heat guiding block.

[0014] Preferably, a flow channel partition is provided inside the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate along the second direction, and the flow channel partition is S-shaped.

[0015] Preferably, the water nozzle on one side of the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate is located at a first height, and the water nozzle on the other side of the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate is located at a second height. The water nozzle at the first height and the water nozzle at the second height are staggered along the first direction and distributed on the same side of the battery.

[0016] Preferably, the inner side of the water nozzle at the first height expands downward and has a first chamfer flowing downward.

[0017] Preferably, the inner side of the water nozzle located at the second height expands upward and has a second chamfer flowing in an upward direction.

[0018] Preferably, end plates are provided at both ends of the battery.

[0019] Preferably, the second heat guide block is provided between the battery cell located at the head of the battery and the adjacent battery cell;

[0020] The first heat guide block is provided between the battery cell located at the rear of the battery and the adjacent battery cell.

[0021] A battery module comprises the cooling structure.

[0022] A battery pack comprises the cooling structure.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the heat generated by fast charging can be effectively absorbed through the heat-guiding component, and the heat on the back side of the battery cell is conducted to the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate, so as to avoid large temperature differences in the battery cell and perform single-large-surface cooling of the battery cell. The anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate has a simple structure and can effectively adapt to and absorb the expansion of the battery cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature distribution of a single large-surface liquid-cooled battery cell in the prior art;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cooling structure of the present utility model;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a partial enlarged view of the cooling space between adjacent battery cells of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the liquid cooling plate of the present utility model;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a cloud diagram of the temperature distribution of the battery core after applying the utility model;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a cloud diagram of the flow velocity distribution in the cross section of the liquid cooling plate of the present invention.

[0030] In the accompanying drawings: 1. Battery; 11. Battery cell; 2. Heat guide assembly; 21. First heat guide block; 211. First guide portion; 212. Second guide portion; 22. Second heat guide block; 3. Anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate; 31. Flow channel partition; 32. Water nozzle; 4. Spacer; 5. First chamfer; 6. Second chamfer; 7. End plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features therein can be combined with each other.

[0033] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but they are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0034] A cooling structure for a battery, such as Figures 2 to 4As shown, the battery 1 includes a plurality of battery cells 11 arranged along a first direction, and a cooling space is provided between adjacent battery cells 11;

[0035] The cooling structure includes:

[0036] The heat guide assembly 2 is disposed in the cooling space, with at least a portion extending out of the cooling space and fixed to the top and bottom of the adjacent battery cells 11;

[0037] The anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate 3 is arranged in the cooling space and connected to the heat guide assembly 2 . Water nozzles 32 are provided on both sides of the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate 3 .

[0038] Specifically, the utility model provides a cooling structure. The first direction is arrow A. A heat guide component 2 and an anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate 3 are arranged in the gap between adjacent battery cells 11. The heat guide component 2 conducts the heat on the back side of the battery cell 11 to the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate 3, effectively reducing the temperature difference on both sides of the battery cell 11, and at the same time performing single-surface cooling of the battery cell 11. The anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate 3 has a simple structure and can effectively adapt to and absorb the expansion of the battery cell 11, thereby achieving 4C fast charging without overheating the battery cell 11.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, referring to Figure 3 The heat guide assembly 2 includes a first heat guide block 21 and a second heat guide block 22. The first heat guide block 21 and the second heat guide block 22 are symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the cooling space;

[0040] The first heat guide block 21 includes a first guide portion 211 and a second guide portion 212. The first guide portion 211 and the second guide portion 212 are perpendicular to each other. The first end of the first guide portion 211 is close to the back surface of the battery cell 11, the second end of the first guide portion 211 is connected to the first end of the second guide portion 212, and the second end of the second guide portion 212 is connected to the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate 3.

[0041] Specifically, the heat guide assembly 2 is composed of two symmetrical aluminum blocks to form a T-shape. The function of the T-shaped aluminum block is to guide the heat on the side facing away from the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate 3 to flow toward the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate 3. Generally speaking, the thermal conductivity of the battery cell 11 in the thickness direction is very small, so the thermal resistance on the side facing away from the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate 3 is very large. When charging at a high rate, there is a large temperature difference on both sides of the battery cell 11. With the T-shaped aluminum plate, the heat on the back side is first conducted to the aluminum plate in the vertical direction, and then flows along the aluminum plate to the cold plate side. Such a heat transfer path can effectively reduce the thermal resistance and reduce the temperature difference of the battery cell 11.

[0042] Specifically, aluminum has good thermal conductivity. By using the first and second heat guide blocks 21 and 22 made of aluminum, the assembly can effectively conduct heat from the back side of the battery cell 11 to the cold plate, thereby improving thermal management efficiency.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, a spacer 4 is provided between the first heat guide block 21 and the second heat guide block 22 .

[0044] Specifically, the spacer 4 is made of polycarbonate material, and the first heat guide block 21 is separated from the second heat guide block 22 by the spacer 4 to block heat diffusion and prevent heat from being transferred from one side of the battery cell 11 to the other side.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, a flow channel partition 31 is provided inside the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate 3 along the second direction (ie, the direction of arrow B), and the flow channel partition 31 is S-shaped.

[0046] Specifically, the flow channel partition 31 inside the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate 3 is designed to be S-shaped in order to adapt to the expansion and extrusion of the battery cell 11. While dividing the flow channel, it can allow the liquid cooling plate shell to shrink inward to a certain extent (due to the expansion and extrusion of the battery cells 11 on both sides) and deform.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, the water nozzle 32 on one side of the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate 3 is located at a first height, and the water nozzle 32 on the other side of the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate 3 is located at a second height. The water nozzle 32 at the first height and the water nozzle 32 at the second height are staggered along the first direction and distributed on the same side of the battery 1.

[0048] The inner side of the water nozzle 32 at the first height is expanded downward to form a first chamfer 5 that flows downward;

[0049] The inner side of the water nozzle 32 at the second height expands upward to form a second chamfer 6 with the flow direction upward.

[0050] Specifically, the water nozzles 32 on both sides of the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate 3 are staggered. The water nozzles 32 are connected to the pipelines through quick plugs, which are easy to install and have reliable sealing. Since the inlet of the water nozzle 32 is close to the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate 3, in general, the coolant will mainly choose the several flow channels closest to the inlet to circulate. In order to make the flow of the flow channel in the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate 3 evenly distributed, the water nozzle 32 is partially guided and expanded. Figure 4 .

[0051] The first height is higher than the second height, so the inner side of the water nozzle 32 at the first height is made into a first chamfer 5 that expands downward to guide the water flow to the flow channel below, and the inner side of the water nozzle 32 at the second height on the other side is made into a second chamfer 6 that expands upward to make the flow of the coolant in each flow channel evenly distributed, achieving an ideal cooling effect.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, end plates 7 are provided at both ends of the battery 1 .

[0053] Specifically, the end plates 7 provide mechanical support and protection for the battery 1. By fixing the end plates 7 to both ends of the battery 1, the battery cells 11 are ensured to remain stable during operation, preventing mechanical stress from causing damage to the battery cells 11.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, a second heat guide block 22 is provided between the battery cell 11 at the head of the battery 1 and the adjacent battery cell 11;

[0055] A first heat guide block 21 is provided between the battery cell 11 at the rear of the battery 1 and the adjacent battery cell 11 .

[0056] Specifically, according to the direction of arrow A, the battery cells 11 at the head and tail of the battery 1 are close to the end plate 7, and the temperature of the battery cells 11 is relatively low, so there is no need to design a heat guide block. Therefore, a second heat guide block 22 is set between the battery cell 11 at the head and the adjacent battery cell 11, and the temperature of the back side of the battery cell 11 adjacent to the battery cell 11 at the head is conducted to the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate 3 in the cooling space through the second heat guide block 22.

[0057] A first heat guide block 21 is provided between the tail cell 11 and the adjacent cell 11 , and the back side temperature of the cell 11 adjacent to the tail cell 11 is conducted to the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate 3 in the cooling space through the first heat guide block 21 .

[0058] In the present invention, since the thickness of the battery cell 11 is only 22mm, even if a single large surface is cooled, the distance between adjacent anti-extrusion liquid cooling plates 3 is less than 50mm, making it difficult to arrange pipelines. Therefore, the water nozzles 32 of the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plates 3 are arranged in an up-and-down staggered manner, so that the distance between adjacent liquid cooling plates of the same state reaches 93mm, which is convenient for arranging pipelines. After applying the technical measures of the present invention, the simulation results of 4C fast charging (10%-80%) are as follows Figure 5 , Figure 6 shown. Figure 5 After applying the present invention, there is no temperature difference between the two sides of the battery cell 11 of the battery 1, and there is no temperature difference inside the battery cell 11. Figure 6 The velocity and magnitude of the liquid cooling plate cross section are evenly distributed, achieving a better cooling effect.

[0059] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a battery module, including the above-mentioned cooling structure, which has all the advantages of the above-mentioned cooling structure and will not be described in detail here.

[0060] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a battery pack including the above-mentioned cooling structure, which has all the advantages of the above-mentioned cooling structure and will not be described in detail here.

[0061] In summary, the present application provides a cooling structure, a battery module, and a battery pack, which can implement single-surface cooling for battery cells 11 with a thickness of less than 50 mm, while effectively absorbing the heat of 4C fast charging and avoiding large temperature differences in the battery cells 11, and the pipelines are easy to arrange.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the implementation method and protection scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it should be aware that all solutions obtained by equivalent substitutions and obvious changes made using the description and illustrations of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cooling structure for a battery, characterized in that: The battery (1) comprises a plurality of battery cells (11) arranged along a first direction, and a cooling space is provided between adjacent battery cells (11); The cooling structure comprises: A heat guide assembly (2) is disposed in the cooling space, with at least a portion extending out of the cooling space and fixed to the top and bottom of the adjacent battery core (11); An anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate (3) is arranged in the cooling space and connected to the heat guide assembly (2). Water nozzles (32) are provided on both sides of the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate (3).

2. The cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat guide assembly (2) comprises a first heat guide block (21) and a second heat guide block (22); the first heat guide block (21) and the second heat guide block (22) are symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the cooling space.

3. The cooling structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first heat guide block (21) comprises a first guide portion (211) and a second guide portion (212), the first guide portion (211) and the second guide portion (212) being perpendicular to each other, a first end of the first guide portion (211) being close to a side of the battery cell (11) facing away from the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate (3), a second end of the first guide portion (211) being connected to a first end of the second guide portion (212), and a second end of the second guide portion (212) being connected to the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate (3).

4. The cooling structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: A spacer (4) is provided between the first heat guide block (21) and the second heat guide block (22).

5. The cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A flow channel partition (31) is provided inside the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate (3) along the second direction, and the flow channel partition (31) is S-shaped.

6. The cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water nozzle (32) on one side of the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate (3) is located at a first height, and the water nozzle (32) on the other side of the anti-extrusion liquid cooling plate (3) is located at a second height. The water nozzle (32) at the first height and the water nozzle (32) at the second height are staggered along the first direction and distributed on the same side of the battery (1).

7. The cooling structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inner side of the water nozzle (32) located at the first height is expanded downward to form a first chamfer (5) that flows downward.

8. The cooling structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inner side of the water nozzle (32) located at the second height is expanded upwards to form a second chamfer (6) with the flow direction upwards.

9. The cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: End plates (7) are provided at both ends of the battery (1).

10. The cooling structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second heat guide block (22) is provided between the battery cell (11) located at the head of the battery (1) and the adjacent battery cell (11); The first heat guide block (21) is provided between the battery cell (11) located at the rear of the battery (1) and the adjacent battery cell (11).

11. A battery module, characterized in that: The cooling structure comprises the cooling structure according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. A battery pack, characterized in that: The cooling structure comprises the cooling structure according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

Images