Paddle and aircraft
By setting up a multi-layer structure of substrate, reinforcement layer and hydrophobic layer on the aircraft blades, the problem of blade icing and hydrophobic layer prone to fall off is solved, effective anti-icing and waterproofing performance is achieved, and the safety and service life of the aircraft are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421847477.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-31
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-02
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-07-31
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, aircraft blades are prone to freezing in negative warm water clouds, resulting in overload of the motor, posing safety hazards, and the hydrophobic layer is prone to fall off, affecting the safety of use.
The multi-layer structure of the substrate, reinforcement layer and hydrophobic layer is adopted. The characteristic parameters of the reinforcement layer are better than those of the substrate. It is made by PECVD, spraying or patching processes to enhance the adhesion and durability of the hydrophobic layer and reduce the possibility of water adhesion and icing on the blades.
Effectively prevent the blade from freezing, improve the adhesion of the hydrophobic layer, extend the service life of hydrophobic performance, and ensure the safety and reliability of the aircraft.
Smart Images
Figure CN223291098U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the field of propeller blades, and in particular to a propeller blade and an aircraft. Background Art
[0002] Aircraft blade icing typically occurs in sub-zero water clouds or mixed clouds. These contain supercooled water droplets (the temperature of these droplets in the clouds is often -20°C or even -35°C), which can cause blade icing. Although these droplets can persist in the atmosphere for extended periods, they freeze instantly upon impacting the blade surface, causing blade icing. Blade icing can overload the motors that drive the blades, leading to forced landings and even crashes. This has long been a major problem plaguing the industry.
[0003] The anti-icing method in related technologies includes coating a hydrophobic layer on the base material of the blade. However, this technology still has the problem of the hydrophobic layer easily falling off, resulting in the hydrophobic performance of the blade decreasing after a period of use, affecting the safety of aircraft use. Utility Model Content
[0004] The present application provides a propeller blade and an aircraft.
[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a blade comprising a substrate, a reinforcing layer and a hydrophobic layer, wherein the substrate, the reinforcing layer and the hydrophobic layer are stacked in sequence; wherein characteristic parameters of the reinforcing layer are superior to characteristic parameters of the substrate, and the characteristic parameters can affect the adhesion performance.
[0006] A second aspect of the present application also provides an aircraft comprising the above-mentioned blades. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a blade according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0008] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of the blade shown;
[0009] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an aircraft according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0010] Here, the technical solutions in the embodiments (or "implementations") of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements.
[0011] If there are terms related to directional indications or positional relationships in the embodiments of this application (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, inside, outside, top, bottom, center, vertical, horizontal, longitudinal, transverse, length, width, counterclockwise, clockwise, axial, radial, circumferential, etc.), such terms are only used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, etc. between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings); if the specific posture changes, the directional indication or positional relationship will also change accordingly. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" in the embodiments of this application are only used for the purpose of convenience of description and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0012] Ginseng Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present application provides a propeller blade 100, comprising a substrate 1, a reinforcement layer 2, and a hydrophobic layer 3. The substrate 1, reinforcement layer 2, and hydrophobic layer 3 are stacked in sequence; wherein the characteristic parameters of the reinforcement layer 2 are superior to those of the substrate 1. The characteristic parameters can affect the adhesion performance, thereby enabling the reinforcement layer 2 to adhere well to the substrate 1, and the hydrophobic layer 3 to adhere well to the reinforcement layer and not easily fall off. As a result, the propeller blade 100 still has good waterproof and anti-icing properties even after long-term use.
[0013] The hydrophobic layer 3 is designed to prevent water from adhering to the blades 100. Even if it does adhere, it is easily shaken off by the propeller's rotation, significantly reducing the likelihood of water from the air freezing on the blades. Alternatively, the hydrophobic layer 3 is designed to reduce the contact area between water from the air and the blades 100, reducing the likelihood of ice forming on the blades 100. Furthermore, even if ice does form on the blades 100, the adhesion between the hydrophobic layer 3 and the ice is weak, allowing the ice to be easily shaken off.
[0014] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic layer 3 can be made by PECVD (Plasma Enhance Chemical Vapour Deposition) or spraying or applying. The present application does not limit the process of the hydrophobic layer 3.
[0015] In some embodiments, the strengthening layer 2 can be made by PECVD, sputtering, spraying, or pasting. This application does not limit the process of the strengthening layer 2.
[0016] In some embodiments, the blade 100 includes a wing portion 101 and a mounting portion 102 located at one end of the wing portion 101. Figure 3 The mounting portion 102 is used to be connected to the propeller seat 310 to form the propeller 300 .
[0017] In some embodiments, the characteristic parameter includes at least one of the following: surface energy, hardness, and flatness.
[0018] In some embodiments, the surface energy of the reinforcement layer 2 is greater than the surface energy of the substrate 1. Since the surface energy of the reinforcement layer 2 is greater than the surface energy of the substrate 1, the contact angle of the reinforcement layer 2 is smaller than the contact angle of the substrate 1, making it easier for the hydrophobic layer 3 to spread. The hydrophobic layer 3 and the reinforcement layer 2 are better locked and the contact area is larger, thereby making the adhesion of the hydrophobic layer 3 stronger.
[0019] In some embodiments, the surface energy of the hydrophobic layer 3 is lower than the surface energy of the substrate 1. Since the surface energy of the hydrophobic layer 3 is low, good hydrophobic properties can be ensured.
[0020] In some embodiments, the surface energy of the substrate 1 is approximately greater than or equal to 30 joules per square meter and less than or equal to 40 joules per square meter; the surface energy of the strengthening layer 2 is approximately greater than or equal to 100 joules per square meter and less than or equal to 5000 joules per square meter. Even if the strengthening layer 2 is a multi-layer material, the surface energy of each layer is greater than the surface energy of the substrate 1, so as to increase the adhesion of the strengthening layer 2 to the substrate 1 and the adhesion of the hydrophobic layer 3 to the strengthening layer 2.
[0021] In some embodiments, the surface energy of the hydrophobic layer 3 is approximately greater than or equal to 10 joules per square meter and less than or equal to 20 joules per square meter. It should be noted that the specific surface energy values of the substrate 1, the strengthening layer 2, and the hydrophobic layer 3 are for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute limitations of this application.
[0022] In some embodiments, the flatness of the strengthening layer 2 is greater than the flatness of the substrate 1 .
[0023] Improving the flatness of the strengthening layer 2 can improve its surface smoothness and ensure that the hydrophobic layer 3 is not easily missed. Because if it is not flat, some concave places will not be plated. Therefore, improving the flatness can ensure that the hydrophobic layer 3 adheres more evenly, making the hydrophobic layer 3 have better adhesion, thereby ensuring that the hydrophobic layer 3 is not easy to fall off after the blade 100 has been used for a period of time.
[0024] In some embodiments, the hardness of the strengthening layer 2 is greater than the hardness of the substrate 1 .
[0025] When the hardness of the reinforcing layer 2 is greater than the hardness of the substrate 1, the hydrophobic layer 3 is coated on a harder substrate, compared to the hydrophobic layer 3 being directly coated on the substrate 1, which can make the hydrophobic layer 3 easier to form and enhance the adhesion, thereby ensuring that the hydrophobic layer 3 is not easy to fall off after the blade 100 has been used for a period of time; and the harder reinforcing layer 2 makes the substrate 1 less likely to be worn, thereby preventing the surface of the substrate 1 from falling off after the substrate 1 is worn, causing the hydrophobic layer 3 to fall off together.
[0026] In some embodiments, the flatness of the strengthening layer 2 is greater than the flatness of the substrate 1, and the hardness of the strengthening layer 2 is greater than the hardness of the substrate 1. It should be noted that the aforementioned characteristic parameters include at least one of the following: surface energy, hardness, and flatness. This indicates that to achieve the purpose of this application, setting one of the three parameters is sufficient, and setting two or all three is not necessarily required. Furthermore, the surface energy, hardness, and flatness in this application are used for illustrative purposes only; characteristic parameters may also be expressed as other parameters, such as thickness.
[0027] In some embodiments, the strengthening layer 2 includes a base layer 21, which has a greater flatness than the substrate 1. Improving the flatness improves surface finish and prevents the hydrophobic layer 3 from being plated. Because uneven surfaces can prevent plating on concave areas, improving the flatness ensures more uniform adhesion of the hydrophobic layer 3, improving its adhesion and preventing it from falling off after the blade 100 has been used for a period of time.
[0028] In some embodiments, the strengthening layer 2 includes a wear-resistant layer 22 , and the hardness of the wear-resistant layer 22 is greater than the hardness of the substrate 1 .
[0029] The provision of the wear-resistant layer 22 has the following beneficial effects: 1. It makes the substrate 1 less likely to be worn due to force, thereby preventing the hydrophobic layer 3 from falling off due to the falling off of the substrate 1; 2. The surface of the substrate 1 is less likely to become uneven due to force, which increases the contact area with water and reduces the waterproof performance; 3. The surface energy of the wear-resistant layer 22 is higher than the surface energy of the substrate 1, which can improve the adhesion of the base layer 21 and / or the hydrophobic layer 3 on the base; 4. The wear-resistant layer 22 expands less when heated, and has lower parameter requirements for the base layer 21 and the hydrophobic layer 3.
[0030] It should be noted that the strengthening layer 2 may include only one of the base layer 21 and the wear-resistant layer 22, or may include both. For example, in some embodiments, the strengthening layer 2 includes the base layer 21 and the wear-resistant layer 22, wherein the substrate 1, the wear-resistant layer 22, the base layer 21 and the hydrophobic layer 3 are arranged in sequence. The hardness of the wear-resistant layer 22 is greater than the hardness of the substrate 1. The flatness of the wear-resistant layer 22 is greater than the flatness of the substrate 1, and the flatness of the base layer 21 is greater than the flatness of the wear-resistant layer 22. The provision of the wear-resistant layer 22 makes it less likely for the substrate 1 to be worn due to force, thereby causing the substrate 1 to fall off and causing the hydrophobic layer 3 to fall off together. Moreover, compared to directly coating the hydrophobic layer 3 on the substrate 1, coating the hydrophobic layer 3 on a harder substrate can make the hydrophobic layer 3 easier to form and enhance adhesion, thereby ensuring that the hydrophobic layer 3 is not easy to fall off after the blade 100 has been used for a period of time. The setting of the base layer 21 can improve the surface smoothness of the wear-resistant layer 22 and ensure that the hydrophobic layer 3 is not easily missed. Because if it is not flat, some concave places will not be plated. Therefore, improving the flatness can ensure that the hydrophobic layer 3 adheres more evenly, making the hydrophobic layer 3 have better adhesion, thereby ensuring that the hydrophobic layer 3 is not easy to fall off after the blade 100 has been used for a period of time.
[0031] In the embodiment of the present application, the surface energy of both the primer layer 21 and the wear-resistant layer 22 is greater than the surface energy of the substrate 1. Furthermore, by providing a wear-resistant layer 22 with a greater hardness than the substrate 1 and a primer layer 21 with a greater flatness than the wear-resistant layer 22, the overall adhesion of the hydrophobic layer 3 is improved. In some embodiments, the forming process of the wear-resistant layer 22 can be different from or the same as that of the primer layer 21. For example, the wear-resistant layer 22 can be formed using a sputtering process, while the primer layer 21 can be formed using an evaporation process.
[0032] In some embodiments, the wear-resistant layer 22 is first formed on the substrate 1 , and then the primer layer 21 and the hydrophobic layer 3 are simultaneously formed on the wear-resistant layer 22 .
[0033] In some embodiments, the substrate 1 includes at least one of the following: a nylon substrate or a polycarbonate substrate.
[0034] In some embodiments, the substrate 1 may also include at least one of the following: metal, glass, wood, polymer and composite materials, among which composite materials such as polymer plus glass fiber, polymer plus carbon fiber, polymer plus ceramic, etc. The substrate made of the above materials has good strength and good mechanical properties.
[0035] In some embodiments, the strengthening layer 2 includes at least one of the following: a metal layer, an alloy layer, a metal oxide layer, a metal nitride layer, a metal carbide layer, a metal boride layer, and a siloxane layer. The strengthening layer 2 has good weather resistance and is not easily caused to fall off by light (ultraviolet rays), high temperature, high humidity, high and low temperature cycles, artificial sweat, etc.
[0036] In some embodiments, the wear-resistant layer 22 includes at least one of the following: a metal, an alloy, a metal oxide, a metal nitride, a metal carbide, and a metal boride.
[0037] In some embodiments, the wear-resistant layer 22 may also include at least one of the following: iron, stainless steel, titanium alloy, tungsten alloy, copper alloy, nickel alloy, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, tungsten oxide, magnesium oxide, chromium oxide, silicon nitride, titanium nitride, aluminum nitride, tungsten nitride, iron nitride, chromium nitride.
[0038] In some embodiments, the primer layer 21 includes at least one of the following: titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, and siloxane.
[0039] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic layer 3 includes at least one of the following: a fluoride layer and a fluorine-containing polymer layer.
[0040] In some embodiments, the material of the primer layer 21 is different from that of the wear-resistant layer 22 to increase the wear resistance and adhesion of the hydrophobic layer 3 .
[0041] In some embodiments, the material of the base layer 21 may also be the same as that of the wear-resistant layer 22 .
[0042] In some embodiments, the thickness of the wear-resistant layer 22 is greater than the thickness of the primer layer 21 to enhance the wear resistance and prevent the hydrophobic layer 3 from falling off.
[0043] In some embodiments, the thickness of the wear-resistant layer 22 is greater than or equal to 0.1 um and less than or equal to 10 um, which has better wear resistance and can reduce the heaviness of the blade 100 and save costs.
[0044] In some embodiments, the thickness of the base layer 21 is greater than or equal to 20 nm and less than or equal to 30 nm, so that the hydrophobic layer 3 has better adhesion, reduces the heaviness of the blade 100 , and saves costs.
[0045] In some embodiments, the thickness of the primer layer 21 is greater than the thickness of the hydrophobic layer 3 to enhance the adhesion of the hydrophobic layer 3 and prevent the hydrophobic layer 3 from falling off.
[0046] In some embodiments, the thickness of the hydrophobic layer 3 is greater than or equal to 10 nm and less than or equal to 20 nm, which has better hydrophobicity and can reduce the heaviness of the blade 100 and save costs.
[0047] In some embodiments, the suction surface of the substrate 1 is provided with a reinforcement layer 2 and a hydrophobic layer 3 in sequence to improve the waterproof and anti-icing properties of the suction surface of the substrate 1 .
[0048] In some embodiments, the pressure surface of the substrate 1 is provided with a strengthening layer 2 and a hydrophobic layer 3 in sequence to improve the waterproof and anti-icing properties of the pressure surface of the substrate 1 .
[0049] In some embodiments, the suction side of substrate 1 is sequentially provided with a strengthening layer 2 and a hydrophobic layer 3; the pressure side of substrate 1 is sequentially provided with a strengthening layer 2 and a hydrophobic layer 3, to enhance the waterproof and anti-icing properties of both the pressure and suction sides of substrate 1. It should be noted that the strengthening layer 2 and the hydrophobic layer 3 may be provided on both the suction and pressure sides of substrate 1, or only on one side.
[0050] Ginseng Figure 3 The present application also provides a propeller 300, comprising a propeller seat 310 and a blade 100, wherein the mounting portion 102 of the blade 100 is connected to the propeller seat 310. In some embodiments, the number of blades 100 of the propeller 300 is at least two.
[0051] Ginseng Figure 3 , an embodiment of the present application further provides an aircraft 200 , including a blade 100 .
[0052] In some embodiments, aircraft 200 is a multirotor aircraft. The multirotor aircraft includes a fuselage 201, an arm 202, and a drive unit 203. The arm 202 is mechanically coupled to the fuselage 201. The drive unit 203 is mounted on the arm 202. The propellers 100 are directly or indirectly connected to the power output of the drive unit 203, which drives the propellers 100. In this embodiment, the propellers 100 are connected to the power output of the drive unit 203 via propeller mounts 310. The number of propellers 300 is at least two, thereby forming a multirotor aircraft.
[0053] It should be noted that the blade 100 of the present application is not limited to use on multi-rotor aircraft, but can also be used on fixed-wing aircraft. When the blade 100 is used on a fixed-wing aircraft, the mounting portion 102 of the blade 100 is directly connected to the fuselage of the fixed-wing aircraft.
[0054] It should be noted that the technical solutions or technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined or supplemented with each other without conflict. The scope of protection of this application is not limited to the precise structures described in the above embodiments and shown in the accompanying drawings; all modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of this application shall be included in the scope of protection of this application.
Claims
1. A blade, characterized in that: The invention comprises a substrate, a strengthening layer and a hydrophobic layer, wherein the substrate, the strengthening layer and the hydrophobic layer are stacked in sequence; wherein the characteristic parameters of the strengthening layer are better than the characteristic parameters of the substrate, and the characteristic parameters can affect the performance of adhesion.
2. The blade according to claim 1, characterized in that The characteristic parameters include at least one of the following: surface energy, hardness and flatness.
3. The blade according to claim 2, characterized in that: The characteristic parameters include the surface energy, and the surface energy of the strengthening layer is greater than the surface energy of the substrate.
4. The blade according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The characteristic parameters include the flatness, and the flatness of the strengthening layer is greater than the flatness of the substrate; and / or the characteristic parameters include the hardness, and the hardness of the strengthening layer is greater than the hardness of the substrate.
5. The blade according to claim 4, characterized in that The strengthening layer includes a base layer, and the flatness of the base layer is greater than the flatness of the base material.
6. The blade according to claim 5, characterized in that The strengthening layer further includes a wear-resistant layer. The substrate, the wear-resistant layer, the primer layer and the hydrophobic layer are arranged in sequence. The hardness of the wear-resistant layer is greater than that of the substrate.
7. The blade according to claim 6, characterized in that The flatness of the wear-resistant layer is greater than that of the substrate, and the flatness of the primer layer is greater than that of the wear-resistant layer.
8. The blade according to claim 6, characterized in that The thickness of the wear-resistant layer is greater than the thickness of the primer layer.
9. The blade according to claim 8, characterized in that The thickness of the wear-resistant layer is greater than or equal to 0.1 μm and less than or equal to 10 μm; and / or the thickness of the primer layer is greater than or equal to 20 nm and less than or equal to 30 nm.
10. The blade according to claim 5, characterized in that The thickness of the primer layer is greater than that of the hydrophobic layer.
11. The blade according to claim 10, characterized in that The thickness of the primer layer is greater than or equal to 20 nm and less than or equal to 30 nm; and / or the thickness of the hydrophobic layer is greater than or equal to 10 nm and less than or equal to 20 nm.
12. The blade according to claim 4, characterized in that The strengthening layer includes a wear-resistant layer, and the hardness of the wear-resistant layer is greater than the hardness of the substrate.
13. The blade according to claim 1, characterized in that The suction surface of the substrate is provided with the strengthening layer and the hydrophobic layer in sequence; and / or, the pressure surface of the substrate is provided with the strengthening layer and the hydrophobic layer in sequence; and / or, the strengthening layer includes at least one of the following: a metal layer, an alloy layer, a metal oxide layer, a metal nitride layer, a metal carbide layer, a metal boride layer and a siloxane layer; and / or, the hydrophobic layer includes at least one of the following: a fluoride layer and a fluoropolymer layer; and / or, the substrate includes at least one of the following: a nylon substrate or a polycarbonate substrate.
14. An aircraft, characterized in that: Comprising the blade according to any one of claims 1 to 13.
15. The aircraft according to claim 14, characterized in that The aircraft is a multi-rotor aircraft.