Photovoltaic glass and solar cell

Abstract

The utility model discloses photovoltaic glass and a solar cell. The photovoltaic glass comprises a glass substrate; the bonding layer is positioned on at least one side of the glass substrate, and the material of the bonding layer is an isocyanate silane coupling agent; the anti-reflection film layer is located on the side, away from the glass substrate, of the bonding layer, and the anti-reflection film layer is made of silane substances. Therefore, the photovoltaic glass has relatively good weather resistance and relatively high strength.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaic cells, and in particular, to photovoltaic glass and solar cells. Background Art

[0002] As global demand for sustainable energy solutions continues to grow, photovoltaic technology, due to its clean, renewable nature, has become a focal point in energy transition. As a key component of photovoltaic modules, the performance of photovoltaic glass significantly impacts their photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability. Optimizing photovoltaic glass performance and innovating its technology are crucial for improving photovoltaic efficiency, reducing costs, extending service life, and promoting widespread clean energy adoption. Further research and technological development are urgently needed. Utility Model Content

[0003] In the first aspect of the present application, the present application proposes a photovoltaic glass, comprising: a glass substrate; an adhesive layer, the adhesive layer being located on at least one side of the glass substrate, the material of the adhesive layer being an isocyanate silane coupling agent; an anti-reflection film layer, the anti-reflection film layer being located on a side of the adhesive layer away from the glass substrate, the material of the anti-reflection film layer being a silane-based substance.

[0004] In the photovoltaic glass proposed in this application, an adhesive layer is provided between the antireflection film layer and the glass substrate. The adhesive layer is formed by curing an isocyanate silane coupling agent and has high strength and high light transmittance, which can effectively improve the weather resistance and strength of the photovoltaic glass.

[0005] In some embodiments, the isocyanate silane coupling agent is isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane or 3-isocyanatepropyltrimethoxysilane. Thus, the silane coupling agent containing an isocyanate group is used as the material of the bonding layer, so that the bonding layer has a higher hardness.

[0006] In some embodiments, the anti-reflection film layer is made of silicon dioxide, thereby having good light transmittance.

[0007] In some embodiments, the thickness ratio between the adhesive layer and the antireflection film layer is 1:(0.9-1.2).

[0008] In some embodiments, the thickness of the adhesive layer is 90 nm to 110 nm, so that the adhesive layer can form good adhesion with the antireflection film layer and the glass substrate respectively.

[0009] In some embodiments, the thickness of the antireflection film layer is 90 nm to 110 nm, thereby effectively reducing light reflection.

[0010] In some embodiments, the glass substrate is ultra-clear float glass or ultra-clear rolled glass. Thus, using the aforementioned materials as the glass substrate can form a chemical bond at the interface of the glass substrate and the adhesive layer, thereby improving the adhesion between the glass substrate and the adhesive layer.

[0011] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic glass has a light transmittance greater than or equal to 93.6% at a wavelength of 380 nm to 1100 nm, thereby providing good visible light and infrared light transmittance.

[0012] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic glass has a hardness greater than or equal to 3H. Thus, the photovoltaic glass can better resist impact and scratches in a usage environment.

[0013] In a second aspect of the present application, a solar cell is provided, wherein the solar cell comprises the photovoltaic glass provided in the present application, thereby having good photoelectric conversion efficiency, weather resistance and stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the photovoltaic glass according to one embodiment of the present application.

[0016] Description of reference numerals:

[0017] Glass substrate 10; adhesive layer 21; anti-reflection film layer 31. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following describes the embodiments of the present application in detail. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, but unnecessary detailed descriptions may be omitted. For example, detailed descriptions of well-known matters and repeated descriptions of substantially identical structures may be omitted. This is to avoid unnecessary lengthiness in the following description and to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. In addition, the drawings and the following description are provided to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand the present application and are not intended to limit the subject matter described in the claims.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meanings as those commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used in this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; unless otherwise specified, the numerical values ​​of the various parameters mentioned in this application can be measured using various measurement methods commonly used in the art (for example, they can be tested according to the methods given in the embodiments of this application).

[0020] The terms "include" and "have" in the description and claims of this application and any variations thereof are open expressions, that is, including the contents specified in this application but not excluding other contents.

[0021] Unless otherwise specified, all embodiments and optional embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution.

[0022] Unless otherwise specified, all technical features and optional technical features of this application can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution.

[0023] In order to improve the power generation efficiency and service life of photovoltaic cells, the surface performance of photovoltaic glass can be improved by applying a coating to the surface of the glass substrate. Specifically, by providing an anti-reflection film layer, such as an anti-reflection film layer, on the surface of photovoltaic glass, the transmittance of the photovoltaic glass can be increased, thereby improving the light conversion rate. The weather resistance of the photovoltaic glass can also be improved, thereby improving the structural stability and durability of the photovoltaic cell. However, the adhesion between the anti-reflection film layer and the glass substrate is poor, and prolonged use in harsh environments can cause the anti-reflection film layer to easily fall off. At the same time, the anti-reflection film layer made using a coating solution has a large number of hydroxyl groups on its surface, making it susceptible to water absorption and deliquesce. Long-term exposure to high temperature, high humidity, and ultraviolet light can easily cause the sodium silicate in the glass substrate to hydrolyze and the organic matter in the anti-reflection film layer to decompose, causing the performance of the anti-reflection film layer to gradually decline or even completely fail. Therefore, the weather resistance of the anti-reflection film layer is poor. The photovoltaic glass proposed by the utility model has strong adhesion between the anti-reflection film layer and the glass substrate, and the anti-reflection film layer has good weather resistance.

[0024] In the first aspect of this application, reference is made to Figure 1 The present application proposes a photovoltaic glass, comprising: a glass substrate; an adhesive layer, the adhesive layer being located on at least one side of the glass substrate, the material of the adhesive layer being an isocyanate silane coupling agent; an anti-reflection film layer, the anti-reflection film layer being located on a side of the adhesive layer away from the glass substrate, the material of the anti-reflection film layer being a silane-based substance.

[0025] In the photovoltaic glass proposed in this application, an adhesive layer is provided between the antireflection film layer and the glass substrate. The glass substrate used in the photovoltaic glass is made of raw materials containing high-purity quartz sand and heavy alkali. The main component of the quartz sand, silicon dioxide, contains a large number of Si-O bonds. During the processing of manufacturing the glass substrate from quartz sand, material structural defects in the quartz sand, such as oxygen displacement or Si-O bond breakage, allow hydrogen ions provided by water to react with oxygen in the defects to generate hydroxyl groups. The presence of hydroxyl groups may cause further breakage of Si-O bonds, destroying the material structure of the glass substrate, resulting in reduced light transmittance, deterioration of heat resistance and stability. In this application, an adhesive layer is provided on the glass substrate, and the adhesive layer is formed by curing an isocyanate silane coupling agent. Thus, during the preparation of the adhesive layer, the isocyanate groups in the isocyanate silane coupling agent react with the hydroxyl groups in the glass substrate at the contact surface to form carbamate groups, thereby greatly reducing the number of hydroxyl groups on the surface of the glass substrate and improving its stability. The presence of carbamate groups also enhances the adhesion between the adhesive layer and the glass substrate, preventing the antireflection film from peeling. Furthermore, the antireflection film is an inorganic silica silicide with surface silanol (Si-OH) groups. The isocyanate groups in the adhesive layer can react with the hydroxyl groups in the antireflection film to form carbamate groups, thereby reducing the hydroxyl content in the antireflection film. This makes the antireflection film less susceptible to water absorption and deliquesce, thereby improving its weather resistance. As a result, this photovoltaic glass has excellent weather resistance and high strength.

[0026] In some embodiments, the isocyanate silane coupling agent is isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane or 3-isocyanatepropyltrimethoxysilane. Thus, the isocyanate group-containing silane coupling agent is used as the material for the bonding layer. Both isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane and 3-isocyanatepropyltrimethoxysilane have excellent thermal stability, chemical stability, and UV stability. After the liquid isocyanate silane coupling agent is heated and cured, the molecules cross-link to form a polymer, thereby obtaining a chemically stable and high-hardness bonding layer.

[0027] In some embodiments, the antireflection film is made of silicon dioxide. As a material for the antireflection film, silicon dioxide has high Si-O bond energy and a compact structure, resulting in excellent light transmittance across a continuous wavelength range from ultraviolet to infrared. Furthermore, the isocyanate groups in the adhesive layer react with the hydroxyl groups in the antireflection film, reducing structural defects caused by these hydroxyl groups, mitigating their impact on light transmission, and further reducing infrared absorption by the hydroxyl groups in the antireflection film, thereby further improving light transmittance.

[0028] In some embodiments, the thickness ratio between the adhesive layer and the antireflection film layer is 1:(0.9-1.2).

[0029] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer has a thickness of 90 nm to 110 nm. This ensures that the adhesive layer contains sufficient isocyanate-silane coupling agent, allowing for good adhesion to the antireflection coating and the glass substrate. For example, the adhesive layer may have a thickness of 90 nm, 95 nm, 100 nm, 105 nm, or 110 nm.

[0030] In some embodiments, the thickness of the antireflection film is 90 nm to 110 nm. This ensures that the silica particles in the antireflection film are of optimal size and packing morphology, and are evenly distributed, effectively reducing the solar reflectance received by the surface. For example, the thickness of the antireflection film can be 90 nm, 95 nm, 100 nm, 105 nm, or 110 nm.

[0031] In some embodiments, the glass substrate is ultra-clear float glass or ultra-clear rolled glass. Using the aforementioned materials as the glass substrate, whose main component is silicon dioxide, can form a chemical bond at the interface in contact with the adhesive layer, thereby improving the adhesion between the glass substrate and the adhesive layer.

[0032] In some embodiments, the method for preparing the photovoltaic glass proposed in this application includes:

[0033] S1 coating solution preparation: preparing an acidic coating solution and an alkaline coating solution respectively, then removing ammonia from the alkaline coating solution, and finally mixing the alkaline coating solution after ammonia removal with the acidic coating solution in a certain volume ratio to obtain an acid-base mixed coating solution;

[0034] S2 adhesive layer preparation: coating an isocyanate silane coupling agent on the surface of the cleaned and dried glass substrate and performing a curing treatment;

[0035] S3 Preparation of anti-reflection film layer: After the adhesive layer is prepared, an acid-base mixed coating liquid is coated on the adhesive layer and cured to form an anti-reflection film layer to obtain photovoltaic glass.

[0036] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic glass has a light transmittance of greater than or equal to 93.6% at wavelengths between 380 nm and 1100 nm. Consequently, the photovoltaic glass exhibits excellent visible and infrared light transmittance. This improved light transmittance helps increase the power generation of solar cells and significantly impacts their efficiency.

[0037] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic glass has a hardness greater than or equal to 3H. Thus, the photovoltaic glass can better resist impact and scratches in a usage environment.

[0038] In a second aspect of the present application, a solar cell is provided, wherein the solar cell comprises the photovoltaic glass provided in the present application, thereby having good photoelectric conversion efficiency, weather resistance and stability.

[0039] The present invention will be described below by way of specific examples. It should be noted that the following examples are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the examples, they are determined according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this area or according to the product specifications. Reagents or instruments not specified by manufacturer are all commercially available conventional products.

[0040] Comparative Example 1

[0041] Coating solution preparation:

[0042] A. Preparation of the Acidic Plating Solution: Mix an alcohol solvent (99.7% ethanol in water), deionized water, a silicon source (tetraethoxysilane), and an acidic catalyst (37% hydrochloric acid) in a volume ratio of 500:40:40:1. Set the stirring speed to 500 rpm and stir at room temperature (25°C) for 18 hours to prepare the acidic plating solution.

[0043] B. Preparation of alkaline plating solution: Mix an alcohol solvent (99.7% ethanol in water), a silicon source (tetraethoxysilane), and an alkaline catalyst (25% ammonia in water) in a volume ratio of 100:5:4. Stir at 500 rpm for 18 hours at room temperature to prepare an alkaline plating solution.

[0044] C. Alkaline Plating Solution Ammonia Removal Treatment: The alkaline plating solution was placed open on a heating plate set at 80°C and heated with stirring for 8 hours at a speed of 500 rpm until the ammonia was completely removed. After the ammonia removal was completed, 2 mL of anhydrous ethanol was added to the plating solution to obtain the alkaline plating solution after ammonia removal.

[0045] D. Preparation of acid-base mixed plating solution: the alkaline plating solution after ammonia removal and the acidic plating solution are mixed in a volume ratio of 4:1, and stirred evenly to obtain an acid-base mixed plating solution.

[0046] Preparation of antireflection film:

[0047] Place the cleaned and dried glass substrate on a spin coater, take 0.7 mL of the evenly mixed acid-base mixed coating solution, drop it on the glass substrate and start spin coating; set the spin coater parameters to a speed of 1000 rpm, a spin coating time of 8 s, and an acceleration of 1000 rpm; after spin coating is completed, immediately place the glass substrate on a preheated heating table (temperature set to 100°C) for curing treatment for 10 minutes.

[0048] The prepared photovoltaic glass is a photovoltaic glass with an anti-reflection film layer having a thickness of about 100 nm and the anti-reflection film layer being made of silicon dioxide.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] The steps for preparing the coating solution and the antireflection film layer in Example 1 are consistent with those in Comparative Example 1, except that the adhesive layer is prepared before the antireflection film layer is prepared. The steps are as follows:

[0051] Place the cleaned and dried photovoltaic glass sheet on a coating machine, take 0.7 mL of 3-isocyanatepropyltrimethoxysilane and drop it on the glass to start spin coating; set the coating machine parameters to a speed of 1000 rpm, a spin coating time of 8 seconds, and an acceleration of 1000 rpm; after the coating is completed, immediately place the glass substrate on a preheated heating table (set to 100°C) for curing for 10 minutes.

[0052] The prepared photovoltaic glass has an antireflection film layer with a thickness of about 100 nm, the antireflection film layer material is silicon dioxide, and an adhesive layer with a thickness of about 100 nm, the adhesive layer material is 3-isocyanatepropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0053] Test method:

[0054] The 100-grid method for coating adhesion testing involves carving a grid of defined dimensions onto the surface of a specimen. A scraper then applies uniform force within the grid to observe any peeling or blistering of the coating, thereby assessing the coating's adhesion. The degree of peeling within the grid is assessed on a scale of 0-5, with the following criteria: 0: No peeling; 1: Less than 5% peeling; 2: Peeling of 5%-15%; 3: Peeling of 15%-35%; 4: Peeling of 35%-65%; 5: Peeling greater than 65%.

[0055] Hardness test: National standard GB / T6739

[0056] Transmittance test: Use a UV spectrophotometer to test the transmittance of photovoltaic glass.

[0057] DH test: The initial light transmittance of the photovoltaic glass is first tested using a UV spectrophotometer. The photovoltaic glass is then placed in a damp heat aging chamber for 1000 hours, and the light transmittance after aging is then tested using a UV spectrophotometer. The transmittance attenuation before and after aging is calculated.

[0058] TC200 Test: The initial light transmittance of the photovoltaic glass is first tested using a UV spectrophotometer. The photovoltaic glass is then placed in a TC aging chamber and aged 200 times in a 6-hour hot and cold cycle. The cycle temperature range is: -40°C to 85°C. The transmittance after aging is then tested using a UV spectrophotometer. The transmittance loss before and after aging is calculated.

[0059] Outdoor stability test: The photovoltaic glass is first tested for initial light transmittance using a UV spectrophotometer. The photovoltaic glass is then placed in an outdoor environment for aging, and the light transmittance after aging is tested using a UV spectrophotometer. The transmittance attenuation before and after aging is calculated.

[0060] Test results:

[0061] Table 1

[0062]

[0063] Test result description:

[0064] Compared to Comparative Example 1, Example 1 adds an adhesive layer to the photovoltaic glass. Comparison of test results shows that the adhesion, hardness, and weather resistance of the photovoltaic glass in Example 1 are significantly improved. This indicates that the adhesive layer not only improves the adhesion between the antireflection film and the glass substrate but also densifies the network crosslinking structure between the antireflection film layers, thereby enhancing both the hardness and adhesion of the photovoltaic glass and its weather resistance.

[0065] It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments having substantially the same structure and effect as the technical concept within the scope of the present application are all included in the technical scope of the present application. In addition, without departing from the scope of the present application, any other embodiments that can be conceived by those skilled in the art and that combine some of the constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic glass, characterized in that: Glass substrate; an adhesive layer, the adhesive layer being located on at least one side of the glass substrate, the material of the adhesive layer being an isocyanate silane coupling agent; An antireflection film layer is located on a side of the adhesive layer away from the glass substrate.

2. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The isocyanate silane coupling agent is isocyanate propyl triethoxy silane or 3-isocyanate propyl trimethoxy silane.

3. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the antireflection film layer is silicon dioxide.

4. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness ratio between the bonding layer and the antireflection film layer is 1:(0.9-1.2).

5. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 4, characterized in that: The thickness of the adhesive layer is 90nm-110nm; and / or, The thickness of the antireflection film layer is 90nm-110nm.

6. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 4, characterized in that: The glass substrate is ultra-clear float glass or ultra-clear rolled glass.

7. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 6, characterized in that: The light transmittance of the photovoltaic glass at 380nm-1100nm is greater than or equal to 93.6%.

8. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 7, characterized in that: The hardness of the photovoltaic glass is greater than or equal to 3H.

9. A solar cell, characterized in that: The solar cell comprises the photovoltaic glass according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The solar cell according to claim 9, characterized in that The solar cell includes a perovskite solar cell.

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