Color photovoltaic module and photovoltaic building

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaic modules, and discloses a color photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic building. The colored photovoltaic module comprises front glass which comprises a glass body, one side of the glass body is provided with at least two coating layers, the other side of the glass body is provided with a coloring layer, and the light refractive index of the coating layers is not larger than the light refractive index of the glass body and not smaller than the light refractive index of air; and the supporting back plate is parallel to the front glass, and a battery piece body is fixedly installed between the supporting back plate and the front glass. When light passes through different media and the refractive indexes of the two media are similar, the reflectivity of the light is reduced. According to the front glass, the plurality of coating layers are arranged, and the light refractive index of the coating layers is not greater than the light refractive index of the glass body and not less than the light refractive index of air, so that the light refractive index of the coating layers can be gradually increased according to the increase of the number of layers, and the overall light refractive index of the front glass is gradually reduced, thereby improving the overall light transmittance of the front glass.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaic components, in particular to a color photovoltaic component and a photovoltaic building. Background Art

[0002] Colored photovoltaic modules are an innovative solar power generation technology product that incorporates vibrant colors and patterns while maintaining the functionality of solar photovoltaic power generation. These modules are commonly used on building walls, roofs, windows, and other surfaces, providing clean energy while enhancing the building's aesthetics. They also seamlessly blend into urban landscapes, creating a more beautiful and environmentally friendly urban image.

[0003] Color photovoltaic modules consist of a front sheet, an adhesive layer, a solar cell layer, and a back sheet. The front sheet is made of tinted transparent glass. The solar cell adhesive layer, located between the front sheet and the solar cell layer, provides adhesion and electrical conductivity. The solar cell layer is the core of the color photovoltaic module and consists of multiple solar cells that convert sunlight into electricity. The back sheet, located behind the solar cell layer, provides protection and support.

[0004] In existing technology, front panels are typically made of highly translucent tempered glass or specialized transparent plastics. By adding pigments or colored films, a variety of colors and patterns can be achieved, enhancing the decorative and customizable nature of photovoltaic modules. However, the colored layer on the front glass significantly reduces light transmittance, blocking most wavelengths of light. This results in a significantly lower photoelectric conversion efficiency for colored photovoltaic modules than for conventional modules. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a color photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic building to solve the problem of low photoelectric conversion efficiency caused by low light transmittance of the color photovoltaic module.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a color photovoltaic module, comprising:

[0007] The front glass comprises a glass body, one side of the glass body is provided with at least two coating layers, and the other side is provided with a coloring layer, wherein the light refractive index of the coating layer is not greater than the light refractive index of the glass body and not less than the light refractive index of air;

[0008] The supporting back plate is arranged parallel to the front glass, and the battery cell body is fixedly installed between the supporting back plate and the front glass.

[0009] When light passes through different media with similar refractive indices, its reflectivity decreases. By creating multiple coating layers, ensuring that the refractive index of each layer is no greater than that of the glass itself and no less than that of air, the refractive index of each layer can be gradually increased as the number of layers increases. This gradually reduces the overall reflectivity of the front glass, thereby increasing the overall light transmittance of the front glass and, in turn, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the color photovoltaic module.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the refractive index of the coating layer is 1.00 to 1.54, and the refractive index of the coloring layer is 1.4 to 1.6. The refractive index of air is 1.00029, and the refractive index of the glass body manufactured by rolling the original sheet is 1.54. The reflectivity of the glass body is about 0.0451 when not coated. If the coating layer is set to SiO2 material with a refractive index of 1.25, the reflectivity of the front glass as a whole is about 0.0231. If two coating layers with refractive indices of 1.2 and 1.4 are set successively, the reflectivity of the front glass as a whole is about 0.0164. In summary, when the refractive index of the coating layer is selected between 1.00 and 1.54, and gradually increases according to the number of layers, the reflectivity of the front glass gradually decreases, and the overall light transmittance of the glass will be higher.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the coloring layer is a colored glaze layer, and a long-wave reflective material is provided in the colored glaze layer to reflect infrared light with a longer wavelength and higher energy, thereby reducing the overall temperature of the photovoltaic module and increasing the power generation capacity.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, the long-wave reflective material is Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZnO, ZnS, Cu or Ag.

[0013] In one optional embodiment, a front film is placed between the front glass and the cell body, and a light-converting agent is added to the film. When light passes through the film, the light-converting agent undergoes a Stokes shift during the light conversion process. This causes the energy of the absorbed photons to be greater than that of the emitted photons, shifting the emission spectrum toward lower energies compared to the absorption spectrum. This can convert ultraviolet and green light in sunlight into red, orange, or blue light, thereby improving the photovoltaic module's photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, a backside adhesive film is provided between the support back plate and the battery cell body to fix and bond the support back plate to the battery cell body.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, the supporting backplane is made of a transparent material, and the supporting backplane can be colored transparent glass, conventional transparent glass or other transparent organic panels, so as to achieve the effect of double-sided light transmission of the photovoltaic module, so that the visual effects of both sides of the colored photovoltaic module are similar, thereby enhancing the beauty of the overall structure after multiple colored photovoltaic modules are connected.

[0016] In one optional embodiment, a busbar is attached to the edge of the cell body. The angle between the side of the busbar and the cell body is obtuse. When sunlight strikes the busbar, it reflects the sunlight. By designing the side of the busbar as an inclined surface, sunlight striking the busbar is reflected back onto the cell body, increasing the sunlight intensity received by the cell body and thereby improving the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency of the color photovoltaic module.

[0017] In an optional embodiment, the cross-section of the busbar is a polygon, which can be any polygon such as a triangle, trapezoid, pentagon, hexagon, etc. It is only necessary to ensure that the angle between the side of the busbar or part of it and the upper surface of the battery cell body is an obtuse angle, so that the light irradiated on the side of the busbar can be reflected onto the battery cell body, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a photovoltaic building comprising the colored photovoltaic modules of the present invention. Because the photovoltaic building comprising the colored photovoltaic modules has the same effects as the colored photovoltaic modules, details thereof will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the front glass of an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a color photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0022] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the working process of the busbar reflecting light according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. front glass; 101. coating layer; 102. glass body; 103. colored glaze layer; 2. battery cell body; 3. supporting backplane; 4. front adhesive film; 5. back adhesive film; 6. busbar. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] The following combination Figures 1 to 3 , describing the embodiments of the present utility model.

[0026] According to an embodiment of the present invention, on one hand, a color photovoltaic module is provided, including a front glass 1, a supporting back plate 3, and a cell body 2 installed between the front glass 1 and the supporting back plate 3.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, the front glass 1 comprises a glass body 102. One side of the glass body 102 is coated with at least two layers of coating 101, and the other side is coated with a coloring layer. The refractive index of the coating 101 is no greater than that of the glass body 102 and no less than that of air. A supporting backplane 3 is positioned parallel to the front glass 1, with the cell body 2 fixedly mounted between them. By adjusting the coating structure of the cell body 2, light absorption is increased, while also making the cells darker, enhancing the overall aesthetics of the colored photovoltaic module as viewed through the front glass 1.

[0028] When light passes through different media with similar refractive indices, its reflectivity decreases. By providing multiple layers of coating 101, ensuring that the refractive index of coating 101 is no greater than that of the glass body 102 and no less than that of air, the refractive index of coating 101 can be gradually increased as the number of layers increases. This gradually reduces the overall reflectivity of the front glass 1, thereby improving the overall light transmittance of the front glass 1 and, in turn, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the color photovoltaic module.

[0029] Furthermore, the refractive index of the coating layer 101 is 1.00 to 1.54, and the refractive index of the coloring layer is 1.4 to 1.6. The front glass 1 is configured to have a structure with multiple coating layers 101, and the refractive index of the coating layer 101 is selected to be between 1.00 and 1.54. As the number of layers increases, the refractive index of the coating layer 101 gradually increases. When light propagates in a medium, it will refract and reflect. The reflectivity R is calculated as follows: R = ((n1-n2) / (n1+n2)) 2, where n1 and n2 are the refractive indices of light in two different media. As can be seen from the formula, when the refractive indices of the two media are similar, the reflectivity of light will decrease. For the entire front glass 1 with a double-layer coating 101, the overall reflectivity of the front glass 1 is R s , there is the following relationship between the parameters s=R 11 +R 12 +R 13 , where R 11 is the refractive index of the first coating layer 101, R 12 is the refractive index of the second coating layer 101, R 13 is the light refractive index of the glass body 102. Therefore, a lower reflectivity of the double-coated glass can be obtained by adjusting the refractive index of each coating layer 101. The refractive index of air is 1.00029, and the refractive index of the glass body 102 manufactured by rolling the original sheet is 1.54. When not coated, the reflectivity of the glass body 102 is approximately 0.0451. If the coating layer 101 is set to SiO2 material with a refractive index of 1.25, the overall reflectivity of the front glass 1 is approximately 0.0231. If two coating layers 101 with refractive indices of 1.2 and 1.4 are set successively, the overall reflectivity of the front glass 1 is approximately 0.0164. In summary, when the refractive index of the coating layer 101 is selected between 1.00029 and 1.54, and gradually increases according to the number of layers, the reflectivity of the front glass gradually decreases, and the overall light transmittance of the glass will be higher.

[0030] In one embodiment, the coloring layer is a colored glaze layer 103, which contains a long-wave reflective material to reflect infrared light with longer wavelengths and higher energy, thereby reducing the overall temperature of the photovoltaic module and increasing power generation efficiency. The solar cell's spectral response wavelength range is 320-1100 nm. The refractive index of the colored glaze layer 103 on the lower surface of the front glass 1 is between 1.4 and 1.6. Preferably, the refractive index of the colored glaze layer 103 is close to 1.54, and the thickness of the colored glaze layer 103 is 5-40 μm. By adding the long-wave reflective material, an average transmittance of 50% to 90% for light less than 1100 nm can be achieved, and a reflectance of approximately 70% to 90% for light with wavelengths above 1100 nm can be achieved. This reduces the overall temperature of the module and increases power generation efficiency.

[0031] In this embodiment, a colored glaze layer 103 is prepared on the glass surface by a screen printing process, and the formulated ink is screen-printed on the glass body 102, with a screen mesh size of 200-400 mesh, a drying temperature between 30°C and 150°C, and a drying time of about 1h-4h. High-temperature tempering is then performed, with a tempering temperature between 600°C and 800°C and a time controlled within 10 minutes. The above method is beneficial for improving the strength of the glass, ensuring that the colored ink layer is more firmly attached to the glass body 102, and at the same time increasing the strength and acid and alkali resistance of the colored ink layer. The ink is composed of long-wave reflective material, pigment material, and organic solvent, of which the long-wave reflective material accounts for 10%-30% by mass, the pigment material accounts for 5%-40% by mass, and the rest is organic solvent. The long-wave reflective material is a mixed powder of Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZnO, ZnS, etc. and one or two metal elements of Cu or Ag. The pigment material is one of pearlescent pigment, inorganic metal oxide pigment, and natural mineral pigment. The organic solvent includes two or three or more materials such as terpineol, cyclohexanone, turpentine, o-xylene, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, modified phenolic resin, ethyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose.

[0032] In one embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, a front adhesive film 4 is placed between the front glass 1 and the cell body 2. A light-converting agent is added to the front adhesive film 4. The front adhesive film 4 is made of one or more of ethylene and α-olefin copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, and polyvinyl butyral. When light passes through the front adhesive film 4, the light-converting agent undergoes a Stokes shift during the conversion process. This causes the energy of absorbed photons to be greater than that of emitted photons, shifting the emission spectrum toward lower energy compared to the absorption spectrum. This converts ultraviolet and green light in sunlight into red, orange, or blue light, thereby improving the photovoltaic module's photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0033] In one embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, a backside adhesive film 5 is provided between the support backsheet 3 and the cell body 2 to securely bond the support backsheet 3 to the cell body 2. Since there is no need to generate electricity on the backside of the photovoltaic module, the backside adhesive film 5 is a black film selected from EP film, black PVB film, black EVA film, or black POE film.

[0034] In one embodiment, the support backboard 3 is made of a transparent material. The support backboard 3 can be colored transparent glass, conventional transparent glass, or other transparent organic sheet materials, so as to achieve the effect of double-sided light transmission of the photovoltaic module, so that the visual effects of the colored photovoltaic modules on both sides are similar, thereby enhancing the aesthetics of the overall structure after the multiple colored photovoltaic modules are connected. When the support backboard 3 uses colored glass, either rolled glass or float glass with colored glaze can be used. Since there is no need to generate electricity on the back of the photovoltaic module and the color is only beautiful, the glass does not need to be coated, and there is no need to add long-wave high-reflective materials to the colored glaze ink. In some other embodiments, the support backboard 3 can also be other opaque plastic sheet structures.

[0035] In one embodiment, a busbar 6 is installed at the edge of the cell body 2 and positioned between the cell body and the front film 4. The angle between the side of the busbar 6 and the cell body 2 is obtuse. When sunlight strikes the busbar 6, it reflects it. By designing the side of the busbar 6 as an inclined surface, sunlight striking the busbar 6 is reflected back toward the cell body 2, increasing the sunlight intensity received by the cell body 2 and thereby improving the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency of the color photovoltaic module.

[0036] Specifically, the cross section of the busbar 6 is a polygon, which can be any polygon such as a triangle, trapezoid, pentagon, hexagon, etc. As long as the angle between the side of the busbar 6 or part of it and the upper surface of the battery cell body 2 is an obtuse angle, the light irradiated on the side of the busbar 6 can be reflected onto the battery cell body 2, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. In order to reflect the light irradiated on the busbar 6 to the battery cell body 2 to the greatest extent possible, the busbar 6 in this embodiment is a triangle. Figure 3 As shown, the direction of the arrow in the figure is the propagation direction of the light. The triangular busbar 6 can increase the utilization rate of light energy of the solar cell. The triangular busbar 6 can reflect almost all vertically incident light and oblique light. The cross section of the busbar 6 is set to an isosceles triangle, and the base angle α is between 40° and 70°. Preferably, the base angle is 60° and the bottom side length is between 0.2-0.5mm.

[0037] In the colored photovoltaic module provided in this embodiment, by arranging a multi-layer coating layer 101 on the front side of the front glass 1, when light is irradiated onto the front glass 1, the reflection of light can be reduced and the transmittance of light can be increased, so that more light can pass through the front glass 1 and irradiate the battery cell body 2. At the same time, by arranging a busbar 6 with a triangular cross-sectional shape, the light irradiated onto the busbar 6 is reflected onto the battery cell body 2, thereby increasing the intensity of the light irradiated onto the battery cell body 2 and improving the power generation of the photovoltaic module.

[0038] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a photovoltaic building is provided. The photovoltaic building can be an office building, a science and technology museum, a museum, a sightseeing gallery, or other building with a glass facade. The photovoltaic building has the colored photovoltaic modules described in the present invention mounted on its exterior surface. Because the photovoltaic building includes colored photovoltaic modules, it has the same effects as the colored photovoltaic modules, and therefore will not be further described here.

[0039] Although the embodiments of the present invention are described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and variations shall fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A color photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: Front glass (1), comprising a glass body (102), one side of the glass body (102) being provided with at least two coating layers (101), and the other side being provided with a coloring layer, wherein the light refractive index of the coating layer (101) is not greater than the light refractive index of the glass body (102) and not less than the light refractive index of air; A supporting back plate (3) is arranged parallel to the front glass (1), and a battery cell body (2) is fixedly mounted between the supporting back plate (3) and the front glass (1).

2. The color photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refractive index of the coating layer (101) is 1.00 to 1.54, and the refractive index of the coloring layer is 1.4 to 1.

6.

3. The color photovoltaic module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The coloring layer is a colored glaze layer (103).

4. The color photovoltaic module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A front adhesive film (4) is provided between the front glass (1) and the cell body (2).

5. The color photovoltaic module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A backside adhesive film (5) is provided between the supporting back plate (3) and the battery cell body (2).

6. The color photovoltaic module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The supporting back plate (3) is made of a transparent material.

7. The color photovoltaic module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A busbar (6) is installed at the edge of the battery cell body (2), and the angle between the side surface of the busbar (6) and the battery cell body (2) is an obtuse angle.

8. The color photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cross section of the busbar (6) is polygonal.

9. A photovoltaic building, characterized in that: A colored photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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