Low-voltage drop anti-reverse execution circuit

Abstract

The utility model provides a low-voltage drop anti-reverse execution circuit, which comprises an anti-interference module, an anti-reverse execution module and a load, and is characterized in that the anti-interference module comprises an RC unit and a switch conduction unit; the anti-reverse execution module comprises a protection unit, a reed switch and an electromagnet; the first end of the RC unit, the first end of the protection unit and the first end of the reed switch are connected with a power supply end; the second end of the RC unit is connected with the first end of the switch conduction unit; the first end of the reed switch is also connected with the first end of the electromagnet; the second end of the electromagnet is connected with the second end of the switch conduction unit; the second end of the reed switch is connected with the second end of the protection unit and the first end of the load; and the second end of the load is grounded. According to the utility model, the circuit reliability and anti-interference performance can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of electronics, in particular to a low voltage drop anti-reverse execution circuit. Background Art

[0002] In high-current, high-frequency switching applications, such as electric vehicle drives and industrial automation equipment, the impedance of circuit components (such as resistors and inductors) can cause a voltage drop when current flows through them, resulting in a lower-than-expected voltage and a low voltage drop. Furthermore, during high-frequency switching, components such as switches and motors can experience short periods of reverse current flow due to electromagnetic induction or the rebound effect of the mechanical system, also known as reverse actuation. These two phenomena are particularly common in high-load, high-frequency applications, such as motor control, PWM circuits, and inverters.

[0003] Low voltage drop and reverse execution reduce system efficiency, increase energy loss, potentially damage key components, affect control accuracy, and increase heat dissipation. Common low-voltage drop reverse execution circuits typically consist of a low-voltage drop MOSFET, a diode, a control chip, a feedback system, and a driver circuit to reduce voltage loss and reverse current. While these low-voltage drop reverse execution circuit designs can effectively reduce voltage loss and reverse current, the high-performance MOSFETs and fast-response control chips often require higher procurement costs, reducing the economic viability of the entire system. Furthermore, circuit design complexity increases, especially in high-frequency applications. Designers need to consider multiple factors such as switching losses, EMI (electromagnetic interference), and heat dissipation, extending development cycles and potentially requiring more experimentation and adjustments during debugging. Furthermore, the EMI caused by high-frequency switching and its transient current fluctuations can interfere with surrounding electronic equipment and circuits, impacting system stability and reliability. Utility Model Content

[0004] The utility model aims to provide a low voltage drop anti-reverse execution circuit to solve the above technical problems and improve the circuit reliability and anti-interference performance.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a low voltage drop anti-reverse execution circuit, including: an anti-interference module, an anti-reverse execution module and a load, specifically:

[0006] The anti-interference module includes an RC unit and a switch conduction unit;

[0007] The anti-reverse execution module includes a protection unit, a reed switch and an electromagnet;

[0008] The first end of the RC unit, the first end of the protection unit and the first end of the reed switch are connected to the power supply end;

[0009] The second end of the RC unit is connected to the first end of the switch conduction unit;

[0010] The first end of the reed switch is also connected to the first end of the electromagnet;

[0011] The second end of the electromagnet is connected to the second end of the switch conduction unit;

[0012] The second end of the reed switch is connected to the second end of the protection unit and the first end of the load;

[0013] A second terminal of the load is grounded.

[0014] In the above scheme, when the power supply is properly powered on, the power is connected to the circuit through the first end of the RC unit, the first end of the protection unit, and the first end of the reed switch. The capacitor of the RC unit begins to charge, but due to the capacitor's charging time constant, the voltage across the capacitor does not immediately reach the power supply voltage, but instead gradually rises. This effectively suppresses the high current surge at the moment of power-on and ensures a smooth voltage rise. The second end of the RC unit is connected to the first end of the switch unit. During the capacitor charging process, the switch unit is in a standby state and does not immediately operate. This delay ensures that the circuit does not immediately reach the maximum voltage upon power-on, thereby avoiding the high current surge that may occur during power-on and achieving low voltage drop. The first end of the reed switch is connected to the power supply and the electromagnet, and the second end is connected to the protection unit and the load. The first end of the electromagnet is connected to the reed switch, and the second end is connected to the switch unit. As the protection unit gradually turns on, a magnetic field gradually accumulates in the electromagnet's coil, reducing the high current surge. The reed switch and electromagnet work together to precisely control the load state, reduce voltage losses caused by transient currents during the switching process, and improve system efficiency. The switch conduction unit connects the second end of the RC unit to the second end of the electromagnet, ensuring that the electromagnet can quickly respond to the control signal, optimizing the current change during the switching process, and reducing EMI caused by transient current. This design improves the stability and reliability of the system.

[0015] In one implementation, the protection unit includes a first resistor and a first diode. Specifically:

[0016] The first end of the first resistor is connected to the power supply end, the first end of the RC unit, and the first end of the reed switch;

[0017] The second end of the first resistor is connected to the anode of the first diode;

[0018] The cathode of the first diode is connected to the second end of the reed switch.

[0019] In one implementation, the RC unit includes a second resistor and a first capacitor, specifically:

[0020] The first end of the second resistor is connected to the power supply end, the first end of the first resistor, and the first end of the reed switch;

[0021] The second end of the second resistor is connected to the first end of the first capacitor;

[0022] The second terminal of the first capacitor is grounded.

[0023] In one implementation, the switch conduction unit includes a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode, and a first transistor. Specifically:

[0024] The first end of the third resistor is connected to the second end of the second resistor, the second end of the fourth resistor, the first end of the first capacitor, and the anode of the second diode;

[0025] The first end of the fourth resistor is connected to the anode of the third diode;

[0026] The cathode of the third diode is connected to the first end of the reed switch and the first end of the first resistor;

[0027] The cathode of the second diode is connected to the gate of the first transistor;

[0028] The collector of the first transistor is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode;

[0029] The anode of the fourth diode is connected to the second end of the electromagnet;

[0030] The second end of the third resistor and the emitter of the first transistor are grounded.

[0031] In one implementation, the first transistor is an NPN transistor.

[0032] In one implementation, the anti-reverse execution module further includes a fifth diode, specifically:

[0033] The second end of the electromagnet is connected to the anode of the fifth diode;

[0034] The cathode of the fifth diode is connected to the first end of the reed switch. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of a low voltage drop anti-reverse execution circuit provided in one embodiment of the present utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0037] The terms "first," "second," and the like in the specification, claims, and drawings of this application are used to distinguish between different objects, not to describe a particular order. Furthermore, the terms "including," "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus comprising a series of steps or elements is not limited to the listed steps or elements, but may optionally include steps or elements not listed, or may optionally include other steps or elements inherent to the process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0038] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the connection relationship of a low voltage drop anti-reverse execution circuit provided in one embodiment of the present invention. The present invention provides a low voltage drop anti-reverse execution circuit, including: a low voltage drop anti-reverse execution circuit, including: an anti-interference module 101, an anti-reverse execution module 102 and a load RL1, specifically:

[0041] The anti-interference module 101 includes an RC unit and a switch conduction unit;

[0042] The anti-reverse execution module 102 includes a protection unit, a reed switch S1 and an electromagnet K1;

[0043] The first end of the RC unit, the first end of the protection unit and the first end of the reed switch S1 are connected to the power supply terminal DC;

[0044] The second end of the RC unit is connected to the first end of the switch conduction unit;

[0045] The first end of the reed switch S1 is also connected to the first end of the electromagnet K1;

[0046] The second end of the electromagnet K1 is connected to the second end of the switch conduction unit;

[0047] The second end of the reed switch K1 is connected to the second end of the protection unit and the first end of the load RL1;

[0048] A second terminal of the load RL1 is grounded.

[0049] The present invention provides a low-voltage buck-boost circuit. When the power supply is properly powered on, the capacitor in the RC unit begins charging. However, due to the capacitor's charging time constant, the voltage across the capacitor does not immediately reach the power supply voltage, but instead gradually increases. The first end of the protection unit is connected to the power supply DC, while the second end of the protection unit is connected to the first end of a reed switch S1 and the first end of a load RL1. Due to the delay effect of the RC unit, the protection unit gradually turns on during the capacitor charging process. During the RC unit's delay, the first end of the switch unit is connected to the second end of the RC unit, and the second end is connected to the second end of an electromagnet K1. During this time, the switch unit is in a standby state and does not immediately activate. The first end of the reed switch S1 is connected to the power supply DC, and the second end is connected to the second end of the protection unit and the first end of the load. Because the reed switch is sealed and filled with inert gas, sparking is avoided. The first end of the electromagnet K1 is connected to the first end of the reed switch, and the second end is connected to the second end of the switch unit. Because the protection unit turns on first, a magnetic field gradually accumulates in the coil of the electromagnet K1, but a large current surge is not immediately generated. The first end of the load RL1 is connected to the second end of the protection unit and the second end of the reed switch S1, and the second end is grounded. As the protection unit gradually turns on, the load RL1 is gradually connected to the circuit, avoiding a large current shock when the DC power supply is powered on. Through the delay effect of the RC unit, the circuit will not immediately reach the maximum voltage when powered on, thereby avoiding a large current shock that may be generated when the power is just turned on. This delay effect allows the circuit to start more smoothly and improves the reliability of the circuit. The protection unit gradually turns on during the delay process of the RC unit. This design avoids the large current shock that may be caused when the reed switch is closed. The preliminary conduction of the protection unit effectively protects the reed switch S1 and the electromagnet K1, preventing damage to these components by instantaneous high current.

[0050] In one embodiment, the protection unit includes a first resistor R4 and a first diode V1. Specifically, a first end of the first resistor R4 is connected to the power supply end DC, the first end of the RC unit, and the first end of the reed switch S1; a second end of the first resistor R4 is connected to the positive electrode of the first diode V1; and a negative electrode of the first diode V1 is connected to the second end of the reed switch S1.

[0051] In an embodiment of the present invention, a first resistor R4 is connected between the power supply terminal DC and the positive electrode of the first diode V1 to limit current. When the power is turned on, current first passes through the first resistor R4. The first resistor R4 acts as a current limiter, preventing excessive current from flowing directly into the reed switch and diode, thereby protecting these components from current surges. The first resistor R4 also acts as a voltage divider. By adjusting the resistance value of R4, the voltage distribution in the circuit can be adjusted so that when the power is turned on, the voltage does not immediately reach its maximum value, but instead gradually rises, thereby ensuring a smooth startup of the circuit. The positive electrode of the first diode V1 is connected to the second end of the first resistor R4, and the negative electrode is connected to the second end of the reed switch S1, preventing reverse current flow. When the power supply voltage reverses, the diode V1 will cut off, preventing reverse current from flowing into the reed switch S1, protecting the reed switch S1 from damage due to the reverse voltage. The combination of the first resistor R4 and the first diode V1 ensures a smooth startup of the circuit when the power is turned on, avoiding transient current and voltage fluctuations, and making the circuit more reliable and stable.

[0052] In one embodiment, the RC unit includes a second resistor R1 and a first capacitor C1. Specifically, a first end of the second resistor R1 is connected to the power supply end DC, a first end of the first resistor R4, and a first end of the reed switch S1; a second end of the second resistor R1 is connected to a first end of the first capacitor C1; and a second end of the first capacitor C1 is grounded.

[0053] In an embodiment of the present invention, a second resistor R1 is connected between the power supply terminal DC and the first capacitor C1 to limit the current flowing into the first capacitor C1. When the power supply terminal DC is powered on, the current first passes through the second resistor R1. The second resistor R1 plays a current limiting role, preventing excessive current from flowing directly into the first capacitor C1, thereby protecting the capacitor from current shock. The first capacitor C1 is connected between the second end of the second resistor R1 and the ground to filter out high-frequency noise and transient interference in the power supply. The charging and discharging process of the capacitor C1 can smooth out voltage fluctuations and make the voltage more stable. Due to the delay effect of the first capacitor C1, the voltage will not reach the maximum value immediately when the power supply is powered on, but will gradually rise. This smooth voltage rise process ensures that subsequent components such as the protection unit, reed switch and electromagnet can start smoothly, avoiding the impact of transient current on these components, thereby improving the reliability and anti-interference performance of the circuit.

[0054] In one embodiment, the switch conduction unit includes a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R2, a second diode V6, a third diode V3, a fourth diode V5, and a first transistor V4. Specifically, the first end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the second end of the second resistor R1, the second end of the fourth resistor R2, the first end of the first capacitor C1, and the anode of the second diode V6; the first end of the fourth resistor R2 is connected to the anode of the third diode V3; the cathode of the third diode V3 is connected to the first end of the reed switch S1 and the first end of the first resistor R4; the cathode of the second diode V6 is connected to the gate of the first transistor V4; the collector of the first transistor V4 is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode V5; the anode of the fourth diode V5 is connected to the second end of the electromagnet K1; the second end of the third resistor R3 and the emitter of the first transistor V4 are grounded. Preferably, the first transistor V4 is an NPN transistor.

[0055] In this embodiment of the utility model, the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R2 act as current limiters and voltage dividers, preventing large currents from flowing into downstream components when the power supply is turned on, ensuring stability during current flow. The first transistor V4 acts as a switch to control the on / off state of the electromagnet K1, with the gate voltage controlling the conduction state of the electromagnet K1. Its function is to amplify the control current and achieve control of the electromagnet. When the power supply polarity is reversed, due to the reverse voltage, the second diode V6 will be in the off state, preventing current from flowing into the gate of the first transistor V4, ensuring that the first transistor V4 does not conduct and thus the electromagnet K1 does not operate. Similarly, the third diode V3 will also be cut off, preventing the negative terminal of the power supply from entering the reed switch S1 and the first resistor R4, ensuring that these components are not damaged by the reverse voltage. At this time, the fourth diode V5 is turned on. Since its positive terminal is connected to the second terminal of the electromagnet K1 and its negative terminal is connected to V4, it can divert current from flowing to other components in the circuit, protecting the circuit from any adverse effects. By adopting the reverse protection design of diodes (V6, V3, V5), the degree of overvoltage or overcurrent that may be caused when the power supply is connected reversely is greatly reduced, ensuring the safety of sensitive components in the circuit (such as transistors, reed switches, etc.).

[0056] In one embodiment, the anti-reverse execution module 102 further includes a fifth diode V2. Specifically, the second end of the electromagnet K1 is connected to the anode of the fifth diode V2; and the cathode of the fifth diode V2 is connected to the first end of the reed switch S.

[0057] In an embodiment of the present invention, a diode is connected between the electromagnet K1 and the reed switch S1, which can prevent the reverse flow of current and stabilize the voltage. Due to the unidirectional conductivity of the diode, when the polarity of the power supply is reversed, the diode is cut off, preventing the current from flowing out of the reed switch S1, and protecting the reed switch S1 and the electromagnet K1 from the influence of reverse current. And because the diode has a fixed voltage drop (usually 0.6 to 0.7 volts) when forward-conducting, this helps to stabilize the voltage in the circuit and avoid the impact of transient voltage fluctuations on the circuit. Through the clamping effect of the fifth diode V2, the voltage of a certain part of the circuit can also be limited from being too high. When the electromagnet K1 is working, the diode V2 will limit the voltage across the electromagnet from exceeding its forward conduction voltage, thereby protecting the reed switch S1 and other circuit components.

[0058] The present invention provides a low-voltage dropout anti-reverse execution circuit. When the power supply is properly powered on, the power supply is connected to the circuit through the first end of an RC unit, the first end of a protection unit, and the first end of a reed switch. The capacitor of the RC unit begins to charge, but due to the capacitor's charging time constant, the voltage across the capacitor does not immediately reach the power supply voltage, but instead gradually rises. This effectively suppresses the high current surge at the moment of power-on, achieving a smooth voltage rise. The second end of the RC unit is connected to the first end of a switch-on unit. During the capacitor charging process, the switch-on unit is in a standby state and does not immediately operate. This delay ensures that the circuit does not immediately reach maximum voltage upon power-on, thereby avoiding the high current surge that may occur during power-on and achieving low voltage drop. The first end of the reed switch is connected to the power supply and an electromagnet, while the second end is connected to the protection unit and the load. The first end of the electromagnet is connected to the reed switch, and the second end is connected to the switch-on unit. As the protection unit gradually turns on, a magnetic field gradually accumulates in the electromagnet's coil, reducing the high current surge. The reed switch and electromagnet work together to precisely control the load state, reducing voltage loss caused by transient currents during the switching process, and improving system efficiency. The switch conduction unit connects the second end of the RC unit to the second end of the electromagnet, ensuring that the electromagnet can quickly respond to the control signal, optimizing the current change during the switching process, and reducing EMI caused by transient current. This design improves the stability and reliability of the system.

[0059] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and replacements can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and replacements should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low voltage drop anti-reverse execution circuit, characterized in that: include: Anti-interference module, anti-reverse execution module and load, specifically: The anti-interference module includes an RC unit and a switch conduction unit; The anti-reverse execution module includes a protection unit, a reed switch and an electromagnet; The first end of the RC unit, the first end of the protection unit and the first end of the reed switch are connected to the power supply end; The second end of the RC unit is connected to the first end of the switch conduction unit; The first end of the reed switch is also connected to the first end of the electromagnet; The second end of the electromagnet is connected to the second end of the switch conduction unit; The second end of the reed switch is connected to the second end of the protection unit and the first end of the load; A second terminal of the load is grounded.

2. The low voltage drop anti-reverse execution circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection unit includes a first resistor and a first diode. Specifically: The first end of the first resistor is connected to the power supply end, the first end of the RC unit, and the first end of the reed switch; The second end of the first resistor is connected to the anode of the first diode; The cathode of the first diode is connected to the second end of the reed switch.

3. The low voltage drop anti-reverse execution circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The RC unit includes a second resistor and a first capacitor, specifically: The first end of the second resistor is connected to the power supply end, the first end of the first resistor, and the first end of the reed switch; The second end of the second resistor is connected to the first end of the first capacitor; The second terminal of the first capacitor is grounded.

4. The low voltage drop anti-reverse execution circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The switch conduction unit includes a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode and a first transistor. Specifically: The first end of the third resistor is connected to the second end of the second resistor, the second end of the fourth resistor, the first end of the first capacitor, and the anode of the second diode; The first end of the fourth resistor is connected to the anode of the third diode; The cathode of the third diode is connected to the first end of the reed switch and the first end of the first resistor; The cathode of the second diode is connected to the gate of the first transistor; The collector of the first transistor is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode; The anode of the fourth diode is connected to the second end of the electromagnet; The second end of the third resistor and the emitter of the first transistor are grounded.

5. The low voltage drop anti-reverse execution circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first transistor is an NPN transistor.

6. The low voltage drop anti-reverse execution circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-reverse execution module further includes a fifth diode, specifically: The second end of the electromagnet is connected to the anode of the fifth diode; The cathode of the fifth diode is connected to the first end of the reed switch.

Images