Tunnel exit dangerous rock and accumulation body protection system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a tunnel exit dangerous rock and accumulation body protection system, and relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering. The tunnel exit dangerous rock and accumulation body protection system comprises an upward slope, and the upward slope comprises an accumulation body section and a steep cliff section located above the accumulation body section; a pile slab wall is embedded in the bottom of the accumulation body section, a passive protective net located above a tunnel exit is arranged in the middle of the accumulation body section, a first stone blocking wall is arranged on the top of the accumulation body section, and an active flexible protective net which extends upwards and is fixed to the surface of the steep cliff section is connected to the first stone blocking wall. According to the tunnel exit dangerous rock and accumulation body protection system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the tunnel exit dangerous rock and accumulation body are protected by utilizing a multi-stage protection system, the protection capability is relatively high, and comprehensive and effective protection can be provided even in the face of complex and changeable geological conditions and rockfall scales.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and in particular to a system for protecting dangerous rocks and accumulation bodies at tunnel exits. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of infrastructure construction in mountainous areas, tunnel projects play a vital role in mountain transportation development. However, dangerous rock formations and accumulations at tunnel exits are common geological hazards, posing a serious threat to safe tunnel operations. Existing measures to protect against these rock formations at tunnel exits primarily include slope control, active and passive protection nets, and tunnel sheds.

[0003] However, existing protective measures have limitations. For example, slope sweeping can damage the ecological environment and is difficult to implement on steep slopes. Active and passive protective nets are limited in their effectiveness against large-scale rockfalls. Rockfalls can leave debris on top of shelter tunnels, placing heavy loads on the structures and reducing safety. Therefore, existing single protective measures are insufficient when faced with complex and changing geological conditions and rockfall scales, often failing to provide comprehensive and effective protection. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a tunnel exit dangerous rock and accumulation protection system to solve the problem of insufficient protection capabilities of existing protection measures when facing complex and changeable geological conditions and rockfall scales.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this application to solve its technical problems is:

[0006] A system for protecting dangerous rocks and deposits at a tunnel exit comprises an upslope, the upslope comprising an deposit section and a cliff section located above the deposit section; a pile-board wall is buried at the bottom of the deposit section, a passive protection net located above the tunnel exit is provided in the middle of the deposit section, a first stone retaining wall is provided on the top of the deposit section, and an active flexible protection net extending upward and fixed on the surface of the cliff section is connected to the first stone retaining wall.

[0007] Furthermore, a plurality of first steel columns are provided on the cliff section and at the upper end of the active flexible protection net, and the upper end of the active flexible protection net is connected to the upper end of the first steel columns.

[0008] Furthermore, a first upper pull rope is provided on the upper side of the first steel column, the lower end of the first upper pull rope is connected to the steep cliff section, and the upper end of the first upper pull rope is connected to the upper end of the first steel column.

[0009] Furthermore, the lower end of the first steel column is connected to a first concrete foundation, and the first concrete foundation is buried in the steep cliff section.

[0010] Furthermore, the lower end of the first steel column is movably connected to the first concrete foundation, and the first steel column can be rotated toward or away from the steep cliff section.

[0011] Furthermore, the passive protection net includes several second steel columns arranged on the stacking body section and an annular net connected between two adjacent second steel columns, and the upper and lower ends of the annular net are respectively passed through the upper support rope and the lower support rope, and the upper support rope and the lower support rope are both connected to the second steel columns.

[0012] Furthermore, a steel wire mesh is provided in the annular mesh.

[0013] Furthermore, the second steel column is also connected to the stacking body section through a second anchor assembly.

[0014] Furthermore, the second anchor assembly includes a second anchor rod anchored in the stacking body segment and a second anchor rope connected between the second anchor rod and the second steel column.

[0015] Furthermore, a rockfall ditch is provided on the side of the first rock retaining wall facing the steep cliff section.

[0016] Beneficial effects of this application:

[0017] The dangerous rock and accumulation body protection system at the tunnel exit provided by the embodiment of the present application is configured to reinforce the steep cliff section by fixing an active flexible protection net on the surface of the steep cliff section to limit the weathering, spalling and destruction of the rock and soil in the steep cliff section and the collapse of dangerous rocks; by setting a first rock retaining wall on the top of the accumulation body section to intercept falling rocks on the steep cliff section and prevent the falling rocks from causing damage to the accumulation body section; by setting a passive protection net above the tunnel exit in the accumulation body section to intercept falling rocks on the accumulation body section and prevent the falling rocks from causing damage to the tunnel exit; by setting a pile-board wall at the bottom of the accumulation body section to withstand the lateral pressure from the soil, provide support for the back slope, prevent the soil from sliding or collapsing, and ensure the safety of the back slope; compared with the existing technology, the present application utilizes a multi-level protection system to protect the dangerous rocks and accumulation bodies at the tunnel exit, has a higher protection capability, and can provide comprehensive and effective protection even in the face of complex and changeable geological conditions and the scale of falling rocks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a tunnel exit dangerous rock and accumulation protection system provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure connecting the active flexible protection net and the steep cliff section;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the connection between the first steel column and the cliff section;

[0022] Figure 4 This is the elevation view of the passive protection net;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a plan view of the connection between the second steel column and the second anchor assembly.

[0024] Reference numerals:

[0025] 10- Uphill;

[0026] 101-accumulated body segment;

[0027] 102-steep cliff section;

[0028] 11-pile-sheet wall;

[0029] 12-Tunnel exit;

[0030] 13- Passive protection net;

[0031] 131-Second steel column;

[0032] 132-ring network;

[0033] 133-upper support rope;

[0034] 134-lower support rope;

[0035] 135-wire grille;

[0036] 136-second anchor rod;

[0037] 137-second anchor rope;

[0038] 14-The first stone wall;

[0039] 15- Active flexible protective net;

[0040] 16-first steel column;

[0041] 17-First pull-up rope;

[0042] 18-First concrete foundation;

[0043] 19-Rockfall gully;

[0044] 20-First anchor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0046] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following figures. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent figures. In addition, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other unless there is a conflict.

[0047] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the orientation or position relationship indicated is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or position relationship in which the product of the application is usually placed when in use, or the orientation or position relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. The terms "disposed", "opened", "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, and an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two components.

[0048] See also Figure 1 A tunnel exit dangerous rock and accumulation protection system provided in an embodiment of the present application includes an upslope 10, the upslope 10 includes an accumulation body section 101 and a cliff section 102 located above the accumulation body section 101; a pile-board wall 11 is buried at the bottom of the accumulation body section 101, a passive protection net 13 located above the tunnel exit 12 is provided in the middle of the accumulation body section 101, a first stone retaining wall 14 is provided on the top of the accumulation body section 101, and an active flexible protection net 15 extending upward and fixed on the surface of the cliff section 102 is connected to the first stone retaining wall 14.

[0049] See also Figure 1The backslope 10 primarily consists of two sections: a lower accumulation section 101 and an upper cliff section 102. The slope of the accumulation section 101 is less than that of the cliff section 102, and several large, dangerous rock masses have developed on the cliff section 102. The tunnel exit 12 is located within the accumulation section 101. A pile-sheet wall 11 is embedded at the bottom of the accumulation section 101. It can withstand lateral pressure from the soil within the accumulation section 101, preventing soil collapse and landslides, ensuring the safety of the backslope 10, and protecting buildings below the backslope 10. Exemplarily, the pile-sheet wall 11 includes several anti-slip piles and baffles fixed between adjacent anti-slip piles. The anti-slip piles can be precast or cast-in-place. A passive protective net 13 is located in the middle of the accumulation section 101 and above the tunnel exit 12. It intercepts and stores falling rocks from the accumulation section 101, preventing them from damaging the tunnel exit 12, personnel, vehicles, and other buildings below. Among them, the passive protection net 13 may include one, or may include two or more arranged from top to bottom. The first stone retaining wall 14 is arranged at the top of the accumulation body section 101, and is used to intercept and store fallen rocks on the steep cliff section 102 to prevent the fallen rocks from causing damage to the accumulation body section 101. Exemplarily, the first stone retaining wall 14 is a reinforced concrete stone retaining wall. The first stone retaining wall 14, through its rigid structure, can not only enhance the structural stability of the top of the accumulation body section 101, but also intercept fallen rocks that may exceed the interception range of the passive protection net 13 or whose impact force exceeds its design standard, thereby providing a higher level of safety protection. At the same time, it can also reduce the accumulation of fallen rocks in the passive protection net 13, avoid the passive protection net 13 from needing to be frequently cleaned due to excessive fallen rocks, and reduce maintenance costs and workload. The active flexible protection net 15 is fixed to the surface of the steep cliff section 102, and its lower end is connected to the first stone retaining wall 14. Active flexible protection net 15, covering the cliff section 102, can limit weathering, spalling, and damage to the rock mass, as well as the collapse of dangerous rocks, thereby reinforcing the cliff section 102. The active flexible protection net 15 is highly flexible and strong, adaptable to various slopes and terrains, and easy to deploy and install. It also controls falling rocks within a certain range, significantly reducing the number of falling rocks and minimizing damage to underlying areas or structures.

[0050] The tunnel exit dangerous rock and accumulation protection system provided in the embodiment of the present application forms a multi-level protection system that combines rigidity and flexibility through the pile-board wall 11, the passive protection net 13, the first stone retaining wall 14 and the active flexible protection net 15. Compared with the existing technology, it can protect the dangerous rocks and accumulations at the tunnel exit 12, has a higher protection capability, and can provide comprehensive and effective protection even in the face of complex and changeable geological conditions and the scale of falling rocks.

[0051] In some embodiments, see Figure 1Several first steel columns 16 are installed on the cliff section 102 at the upper end of the active flexible protection net 15. The upper end of the active flexible protection net 15 is connected to the upper ends of the first steel columns 16. The installation and fixation of the upper end of the active flexible protection net 15 by the first steel columns 16 ensures a certain height between the upper end of the active flexible protection net 15 and the slope surface, forming a pocket-like structure between the upper end of the active flexible protection net 15 and the slope surface. This effectively intercepts and collects rocks that fall from higher positions, preventing them from rolling freely on the slope surface, reducing the threat to the surrounding environment and facilities, and preventing rocks from causing damage to the area below, further enhancing the protective capabilities of the entire protection system.

[0052] The lower end of the first steel column 16 can be directly anchored in the cliff section 102. In some embodiments, see Figure 1 、 Figure 3 The lower end of the first steel column 16 is connected to a first concrete foundation 18, which is buried within the cliff section 102. A first upper pull rope 17 is provided on the upper side of the first steel column 16. The lower end of the first upper pull rope 17 is connected to the cliff section 102, and the upper end of the first upper pull rope 17 is connected to the upper end of the first steel column 16. The provision of the first upper pull rope 17 enhances the securement and stability of the first steel column 16 installed on the cliff section 102. The first upper pull rope 17 can also be adjusted according to the actual terrain to achieve the best connection and support effect.

[0053] The lower end of the first steel column 16 can be fixedly connected to the first concrete foundation 18. In some embodiments, see Figure 3 The lower end of the first steel column 16 is movably connected to the first concrete foundation 18, and the first steel column 16 can be rotated toward or away from the cliff section 102. In this way, the inclination angle of the first steel column 16 can be adjusted according to actual conditions to adapt to different working conditions and environmental changes, thereby improving the flexibility of the installation of the first steel column 16.

[0054] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 The active flexible protection net 15 is fixedly connected to the steep cliff section 102 via a number of first anchor rods 20. During construction, loose soil and loose rocks that threaten construction safety are first removed from the slope protection area. Lines are then laid out and measured to determine the anchor hole locations. Anchor holes are drilled to the designed depth and cleaned. Grout is then injected into the anchor holes and the first anchor rods 20 are inserted. The active flexible protection net 15 is then laid from top to bottom on the slope. Adjacent sheets of active flexible protection nets 15 overlap and are tied together with φ1.5mm wire. The active flexible protection nets 15 are then tightened and connected to the first anchor rods 20.

[0055] In some embodiments, see Figure 4The passive protection net 13 includes a plurality of second steel columns 131 arranged on the stacking body segment 101 and an annular net 132 connected between two adjacent second steel columns 131. The upper and lower ends of the annular net 132 are respectively inserted into the upper support rope 133 and the lower support rope 134, and the upper support rope 133 and the lower support rope 134 are both connected to the second steel columns 131. Exemplarily, the lower end of the second steel column 131 is anchored on the stacking body segment 101. In order to further improve the protective performance of the passive protection net 13, a steel wire mesh 135 is provided in the annular net 132. In order to enhance the firmness and stability of the second steel column 131 installed on the stacking body segment 101, the second steel column 131 is also connected to the stacking body segment 101 through a second anchor assembly. The second anchor assembly can be one, or two or more. See Figure 5 The second anchor assembly includes a second anchor rod 136 anchored in the stacking body section 101 and a second anchor rope 137 connected between the second anchor rod 136 and the second steel column 131.

[0056] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 A rockfall ditch 19 is provided on the side of the first rock retaining wall 14 facing the cliff section 102. By guiding falling rocks and providing a buffer zone, the rockfall ditch 19 can reduce the impact of falling rocks on the first rock retaining wall 14 and increase the durability of the first rock retaining wall 14. The design of the rockfall ditch 19 makes cleaning and maintenance more convenient. Falling rocks can be collected in the rockfall ditch 19, which is convenient for regular cleaning to maintain the effectiveness of the protection system.

[0057] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and does not constitute any form of limitation to the present application. Based on the technical essence of the present application and within the spirit and principles of the present application, any simple modification, equivalent replacement and improvement of the above embodiment shall still fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. A tunnel exit dangerous rock and accumulation body protection system, comprising an upslope (10), wherein the upslope (10) comprises an accumulation body section (101) and a steep cliff section (102) located above the accumulation body section (101); characterized in that: A pile-sheet wall (11) is buried at the bottom of the accumulation body section (101), a passive protection net (13) located above the tunnel exit (12) is provided in the middle of the accumulation body section (101), a first stone retaining wall (14) is provided at the top of the accumulation body section (101), and an active flexible protection net (15) extending upward and fixed on the surface of the steep cliff section (102) is connected to the first stone retaining wall (14).

2. The tunnel exit dangerous rock and accumulation protection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A plurality of first steel columns (16) are provided on the cliff section (102) and at the upper end of the active flexible protection net (15); the upper end of the active flexible protection net (15) is connected to the upper end of the first steel columns (16).

3. The tunnel exit dangerous rock and accumulation protection system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A first upper pull rope (17) is provided on the upper side of the first steel column (16), the lower end of the first upper pull rope (17) is connected to the steep cliff section (102), and the upper end of the first upper pull rope (17) is connected to the upper end of the first steel column (16).

4. The tunnel exit dangerous rock and accumulation protection system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The lower end of the first steel column (16) is connected to a first concrete foundation (18), and the first concrete foundation (18) is buried in the steep cliff section (102).

5. The tunnel exit dangerous rock and accumulation protection system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The lower end of the first steel column (16) is movably connected to the first concrete foundation (18), and the first steel column (16) can rotate in a direction close to or away from the steep cliff section (102).

6. The tunnel exit dangerous rock and accumulation protection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The passive protection net (13) comprises a plurality of second steel columns (131) arranged on the stacking body section (101) and an annular net (132) connected between two adjacent second steel columns (131), wherein the upper and lower ends of the annular net (132) are respectively penetrated by an upper support rope (133) and a lower support rope (134), and the upper support rope (133) and the lower support rope (134) are both connected to the second steel columns (131).

7. The tunnel exit dangerous rock and accumulation protection system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: A steel wire grid (135) is provided in the annular net (132).

8. The tunnel exit dangerous rock and accumulation protection system according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The second steel column (131) is also connected to the stacking body section (101) via a second anchor assembly.

9. The tunnel exit dangerous rock and accumulation protection system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The second anchor assembly comprises a second anchor rod (136) anchored in the stacking body section (101) and a second anchor rope (137) connected between the second anchor rod (136) and the second steel column (131).

10. The tunnel exit dangerous rock and accumulation protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rockfall ditch (19) is provided on one side of the first rock retaining wall (14) facing the steep cliff section (102).

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