Partial discharge monitoring system

Abstract

The utility model provides a partial discharge monitoring system, and belongs to the technical field of discharge monitoring. The partial discharge monitoring system comprises a partial discharge monitoring module, a main control module, a first early warning module, a switch module, a load monitoring module and a second early warning module. The main control module is respectively connected with the partial discharge monitoring module and the switch module; the switch module is also connected with the first early warning module; the main control module is configured to control the working state of the partial discharge monitoring module and the on-off state of the switch module; the first early warning module is configured to carry out early warning on a partial discharge phenomenon caused by an equipment fault; the load monitoring module is connected with the switch module and the second early warning module. The switch module is configured to control the working states of the load monitoring module and the first early warning module; and the second early warning module is configured to carry out early warning on a partial discharge phenomenon caused by load change. The problem that a traditional partial discharge monitoring technology is low in accuracy can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of discharge monitoring technology, and in particular to a partial discharge monitoring system. Background Art

[0002] Partial discharge (PD) refers to the discharge that occurs locally within the insulation system of electrical equipment due to excessively high local electric field strength. While this discharge typically doesn't cause immediate equipment failure, long-term damage can gradually weaken insulation performance and ultimately lead to insulation breakdown, resulting in equipment damage and power outages. Partial discharge monitoring is a technical method used to detect and assess the insulation condition of electrical equipment. By collecting, analyzing, and processing PD signals, potential insulation defects can be promptly identified, providing a basis for equipment maintenance and repair, and ensuring the safe and stable operation of power systems.

[0003] In practical applications, the impact of load changes on partial discharge characteristics and detection results is a relatively complex situation, which leads to misjudgment when monitoring partial discharge of some equipment. For example, temporary partial discharge caused by load changes is judged as insulation fault, resulting in unnecessary waste of manpower, material resources and other resources. Utility Model Content

[0004] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a partial discharge monitoring system to solve the problem of low accuracy of traditional partial discharge monitoring technology.

[0005] The present disclosure provides a partial discharge monitoring system, including:

[0006] Partial discharge monitoring module, main control module, first early warning module, switch module, load monitoring module and second early warning module.

[0007] The main control module is connected to the partial discharge monitoring module and the switch module. The switch module is also connected to the first early warning module. The main control module is configured to control the operating state of the partial discharge monitoring module and the switching state of the switch module. The first early warning module is configured to provide early warning of partial discharge caused by equipment failure.

[0008] The load monitoring module is connected to the switch module and the second warning module respectively. The switch module is configured to control the working status of the load monitoring module and the first warning module. The second warning module is configured to issue a warning for partial discharge caused by load changes.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the load monitoring module includes:

[0010] Voltage transformer.

[0011] The voltage transformer is connected to the switch module and the second early warning module respectively, and the voltage transformer is configured to collect the voltage value of the monitored device.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the partial discharge monitoring system further includes:

[0013] Temperature detection module.

[0014] The temperature detection module is connected to the main control module and is configured to collect the ambient temperature of the monitored device.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the partial discharge monitoring module includes:

[0016] The first discharge monitoring unit 108 and the second discharge monitoring unit.

[0017] The first discharge monitoring unit 108 and the second discharge monitoring unit are both connected to the main control module.

[0018] The first discharge monitoring unit 108 is configured to monitor partial discharge information of a first area, and the second discharge monitoring unit is configured to monitor partial discharge information of a second area, which is an area on the monitored device other than the first area.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the partial discharge monitoring module further includes:

[0020] Timing module.

[0021] The timing module is connected to the first discharge monitoring unit 108 , the second discharge monitoring unit and the main control module respectively.

[0022] The timing module is configured to monitor the duration of partial discharge in the first area and the second area.

[0023] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the switch module includes: a transistor Q2, an optocoupler U3, a field effect transistor Q1 and a relay K1.

[0024] The base of the transistor Q2 is connected to the main control module, the collector of the transistor Q2 is used to connect to the power supply VCC, and the emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to the first end of the optical coupler U3.

[0025] The second end of the optocoupler U3 is used to connect to the power supply VDD, the third end of the optocoupler U3 is used to connect to the ground GND_11, and the fourth end of the optocoupler U3 is connected to the gate of the field effect transistor Q1.

[0026] The drain of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the third terminal of the relay K1 , and the source of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the ground GND.

[0027] The first end of the relay K1 is used to connect to the power supply VCC, the second end of the relay K1 is connected to the load monitoring module, the fourth end of the relay K1 is connected to the main control module, and the fifth end of the relay K1 is connected to the first early warning module.

[0028] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the main control module includes:

[0029] a first comparator unit and a second comparator unit.

[0030] The first comparator unit is connected to the first discharge monitoring unit 108 and the timing module respectively.

[0031] The second comparator unit is connected to the second discharge monitoring unit and the timing module respectively.

[0032] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the main control module further includes:

[0033] Control unit.

[0034] The control unit is connected to the first comparator unit, the second comparator unit and the switch module respectively.

[0035] The partial discharge monitoring system provided by the disclosed embodiments has the following beneficial effects: the partial discharge monitoring module can accurately capture partial discharge phenomena in the insulation system of electrical equipment, providing detailed and accurate data to the main control module. The main control module plays a core control role, regulating the operating state of the partial discharge monitoring module to ensure efficient detection. It also achieves automated and precise control by controlling the on / off state of the switch module, ensuring the orderly operation of the partial discharge monitoring system. The first early warning module promptly issues an alarm for partial discharge phenomena caused by equipment failure, enabling personnel to respond quickly, effectively preventing further deterioration of the failure and reducing the risk of equipment damage and power outages.

[0036] The load monitoring module focuses on monitoring load changes. The switch module automatically switches the switch state after receiving the control signal from the main control module to control the startup and shutdown of the first early warning module and the load monitoring module, avoiding unnecessary resource consumption. The second early warning module accurately warns of partial discharge caused by load changes.

[0037] The outstanding advantage of this application is its ability to clearly distinguish between different partial discharge conditions caused by equipment failure and load changes. This avoids misidentifying temporary partial discharge caused by load changes as insulation failure, significantly reducing unnecessary waste of manpower and material resources. This provides an accurate and reliable basis for equipment maintenance and overhaul, effectively ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power system, improving its operating efficiency and reliability, and reducing operating costs and potential risks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present disclosure. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0039] Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a partial discharge monitoring system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0040] Figure 2 is a structural diagram of another partial discharge monitoring system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0041] Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of a switch module provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] To help those skilled in the art better understand this solution, the following will clearly describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this solution in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of this solution, not all of it. Based on the embodiments of this solution, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of this solution.

[0043] Throughout the specification, claims, and accompanying figures of this solution, the term "including" and any variations thereof mean "including, but not limited to," and are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions and are not limited to the examples listed herein. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second," etc., are used to distinguish between different objects, not to describe a specific order.

[0044] The following describes the implementation of the present disclosure in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a partial discharge monitoring system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1 The partial discharge monitoring system includes: a partial discharge monitoring module 101, a main control module 102, a first early warning module 104, a switch module 103, a load monitoring module 105 and a second early warning module 106.

[0046] Main control module 102 is connected to partial discharge monitoring module 101 and switch module 103. Switch module 103 is also connected to first early warning module 104. Main control module 102 is configured to control the operating state of partial discharge monitoring module 101 and the switching state of switch module 103. First early warning module 104 is configured to issue early warnings for partial discharge caused by equipment failures.

[0047] The load monitoring module 105 is connected to the switch module 103 and the second warning module 106. The switch module 103 is configured to control the working states of the load monitoring module 105 and the first warning module 104. The second warning module 106 is configured to issue a warning for partial discharge caused by load changes.

[0048] In this embodiment, the partial discharge monitoring module 101 collects partial discharge signals from the insulation system of electrical equipment in real time and transmits these signals to the main control module 102. The main control module 102 analyzes and processes the received signals to determine the amount and type of partial discharge. Furthermore, the main control module 102 controls the operating state of the partial discharge monitoring module 101, for example, by adjusting parameters such as the monitoring frequency and sensitivity.

[0049] In this embodiment, when the main control module 102 determines that there is partial discharge caused by equipment failure, it will control the switch module 103 to switch to the corresponding state. For example, the load monitoring module 105 is disconnected through the switch module 103, and the first early warning module 104 is connected, triggering the first early warning module 104 to issue an alarm to remind the staff that there may be a fault in the equipment.

[0050] In this embodiment, when the switch module 103 is closed, the load monitoring module 105 continuously monitors changes in the equipment's load and transmits the load data to the main control module 102 via a closed circuit. The main control module 102 analyzes the type of partial discharge based on the load data and partial discharge data. When the main control module 102 determines that a partial discharge is caused by a load change, it transmits this information to the second early warning module 106, which issues an early warning, indicating that a load anomaly has caused the partial discharge. The difference between the first early warning module 104 and the second early warning module 106 lies in the different early warning methods they employ, such as the number and color of indicator lights, the warning sounds, and the warning information they transmit. When the second early warning module 106 initiates an early warning, personnel can identify the partial discharge as caused by a load change and can therefore adopt appropriate response strategies.

[0051] For example, in practical applications, the impact of load changes on partial discharge characteristics and detection results is a relatively complex situation. Take a power transformer as an example. When the load it is connected to changes frequently, such as the frequent start and stop of equipment on a large industrial production line, or the rapid switching between peak and off-peak periods of electricity consumption, this rapid change in load can cause significant changes in the current size and distribution inside the transformer. The change in current directly affects the electric field distribution inside the transformer. Under high load conditions, the current increases, the electric field strength in the winding increases, and weak insulation points that were originally in a critical state will trigger partial discharge. When the load decreases, the electric field strength will also decrease, and the partial discharge that occurred previously may temporarily weaken or even stop.

[0052] This dynamic change in the electric field distribution makes the characteristics of partial discharge unstable. For example, the discharge amplitude, phase, frequency, and other parameters will change with changes in load. This will cause fluctuations in test results during testing, making it difficult to determine a stable partial discharge situation.

[0053] For example, in electric motor applications, frequent load changes can cause current fluctuations in the stator windings. This causes the electric field distribution around the stator windings to continuously adjust, resulting in changes in the location and intensity of partial discharges. If load variations are not fully accounted for during partial discharge detection, temporary discharges caused by these changes can be misdiagnosed as serious insulation faults, or persistent partial discharges due to factors such as insulation aging can be overlooked.

[0054] For example, in power transmission lines, changes in load can cause changes in current and voltage. Especially on long-distance transmission lines, these changes can alter the electric field distribution around the line insulators. If the insulators have even minor insulation defects, load changes can trigger partial discharge (PD) or alter its discharge characteristics. Without accurate documentation of load changes and corresponding test data during testing, it is difficult to accurately assess and determine the cause and severity of partial discharge.

[0055] In this embodiment, the temporary discharge caused by load changes has the following characteristics: the occurrence and intensity change of the discharge closely follow the increase or decrease of the load, the start and stop of the equipment, or the switching of the operating mode. Under the same load change conditions, the discharge phenomenon presents similar laws and characteristics, and has high repeatability. The temporary discharge caused by load changes will appear at the moment of load change or within a short period of time. When the load stabilizes, the discharge will quickly weaken or disappear. Compared with the partial discharge caused by permanent faults such as insulation aging, the intensity of the temporary discharge caused by load changes is relatively weak. The discharge phase of the temporary discharge caused by load changes within the power frequency voltage cycle is concentrated in a specific narrow range, corresponding to the moment of load change. Compared with partial discharge caused by other reasons, the temporary discharge caused by load changes is relatively less affected by environmental factors such as temperature and humidity.

[0056] For example, on an industrial production line, when a large piece of equipment is started, the monitored partial discharge is significantly enhanced, but after the equipment stabilizes, the discharge quickly weakens, and the same pattern is shown in multiple starts, which reflects the characteristics of temporary discharge caused by load changes.

[0057] For example, the main control module 102 can determine whether a partial discharge is a temporary discharge caused by a load change. Specifically, the partial discharge monitoring module 101 monitors partial discharge signals from the insulation system of the electrical equipment in real time and transmits them to the main control module 102. The main control module 102 compares the characteristics of the received partial discharge signals with a preset signal characteristic threshold. For example, if the monitored partial discharge signal strength is less than the preset strength threshold, the main control module 102 activates the load detection module and deactivates the second early warning module 106 by controlling the on / off state of the switch module 103. The load detection module then records load changes in real time, including parameters such as current, voltage, and power. The amplitude, phase, and frequency characteristics of the partial discharge are synchronously compared and analyzed with the load parameters. If the discharge amplitude, frequency, and other characteristics show regular changes with load changes, the temporal correlation between the discharge and load changes is observed. If the occurrence of the partial discharge is closely related to rapid changes in the load (such as equipment startup and shutdown, or switching between peak and off-peak periods), and the discharge phenomenon significantly weakens or disappears when the load stabilizes, then the partial discharge is a temporary discharge caused by the load change, triggering the second early warning module 106 to issue a corresponding first alarm message. Otherwise, it is determined to be a device fault discharge. In this case, the main control module 102 controls the on / off state of the switch module 103 to disable the load detection module and enable the first early warning module 104, triggering the first early warning module 104 to issue a corresponding second alarm message.

[0058] For example, the test may be repeated multiple times under different load conditions. If similar partial discharge characteristic changes occur each time the load changes, it can be more confidently determined that the partial discharge is caused by the load.

[0059] For example, partial discharge diagnostic software and algorithms can be used to conduct in-depth analysis of monitoring data. These tools can generally assist in determining the cause of partial discharge based on multi-dimensional data features and pattern recognition techniques.

[0060] Exemplarily, when the intensity of the monitored partial discharge signal is greater than or equal to a preset intensity threshold, the main control module 102 controls the on / off state of the switch module 103, turns off the load detection module, and turns on the first early warning module 104, triggering the first early warning module 104 to issue a corresponding third alarm message. The third alarm message is different from the second alarm message in that both indicate partial discharge due to equipment failure, but the two have different levels of urgency and severity. When the third alarm message occurs, the level of urgency and severity indicated by it is higher than that indicated by the second alarm message. For example, if the monitored partial discharge signal originates from multiple partial discharge points, the first early warning module 104 is triggered to issue the corresponding third alarm message. If the monitored partial discharge signal originates from only one discharge point, the next step of judgment is performed, triggering the second early warning module 106 to issue the corresponding first alarm message or second alarm message.

[0061] For example, in a motor that frequently exhibited partial discharge during startup, simultaneous monitoring of current, voltage, and partial discharge signals at the moment of startup revealed that the discharge amplitude increased rapidly with increasing starting current, but weakened after the motor stabilized. Repeated startup tests yielded similar results. Furthermore, given the motor's good maintenance record and relatively short operating life, it can be preliminarily determined that this partial discharge was a temporary discharge caused by load changes during startup. However, to ensure the accuracy of this assessment, further observation of discharge during long-term operation and continuous monitoring of the impact of load changes on discharge are required.

[0062] As can be seen from the above, the partial discharge monitoring module 101 can accurately capture partial discharge phenomena in the insulation system of electrical equipment, providing detailed and accurate data to the main control module 102. The main control module 102 plays a core control role. On the one hand, it regulates the operating status of the partial discharge monitoring module 101 to ensure efficient detection. On the other hand, by controlling the on / off state of the switch module 103, it achieves automated and precise control, ensuring the orderly operation of the partial discharge monitoring system. The first early warning module 104 promptly issues an alarm for partial discharge phenomena caused by equipment failure, enabling personnel to respond quickly, effectively preventing further deterioration of the failure, and reducing the risk of equipment damage and power outages.

[0063] The load monitoring module 105 focuses on monitoring load changes. The switch module 103 automatically switches the switch state after receiving the control signal from the main control module 102 to control the startup and shutdown of the first early warning module 104 and the load monitoring module 105 to avoid unnecessary resource consumption. The second early warning module 106 accurately warns of partial discharge caused by load changes.

[0064] The outstanding advantage of this application is its ability to clearly distinguish between different partial discharge conditions caused by equipment failure and load changes. This avoids misidentifying temporary partial discharge caused by load changes as insulation failure, significantly reducing unnecessary waste of manpower and material resources. This provides an accurate and reliable basis for equipment maintenance and overhaul, effectively ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power system, improving its operating efficiency and reliability, and reducing operating costs and potential risks.

[0065] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the load monitoring module 105 includes:

[0066] Voltage transformer.

[0067] The voltage transformer is connected to the switch module 103 and the second early warning module 106 respectively, and the voltage transformer is configured to collect the voltage value of the monitored device.

[0068] In this embodiment, the voltage transformer operates based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. It consists of an iron core, a primary winding, and a secondary winding. The primary winding is connected to the monitored device. When the device's voltage changes, a corresponding change in magnetic flux is generated in the iron core. The secondary winding senses this flux change and outputs a voltage signal proportional to the primary voltage.

[0069] For example, a voltage transformer collects voltage signals from the monitored equipment and, through connection with a switch module 103, controls the transmission path of the voltage signal based on instructions from the main control module 102. When monitoring for partial discharge caused by load changes is required, the switch module 103 is turned on, and the voltage value collected by the voltage transformer is transmitted to the main control module 102.

[0070] As can be seen from the above, the load monitoring module 105 in this embodiment can accurately monitor the voltage changes of the monitored equipment in real time, thereby determining load change information. At the same time, the high-precision characteristics of the voltage transformer can also effectively capture voltage fluctuations, provide timely warnings of potential faults, and improve system safety and stability.

[0071] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the partial discharge monitoring system further includes:

[0072] Temperature detection module 107.

[0073] The temperature detection module 107 is connected to the main control module 102. The temperature detection module 107 is configured to collect the ambient temperature of the monitored device.

[0074] In this embodiment, the temperature detection module 107 includes a temperature sensor, such as a thermocouple, thermal resistor, or thermistor. The temperature sensor is installed around or at key locations on the monitored device and is capable of sensing changes in ambient temperature. The sensor converts the physical quantity of temperature into an electrical signal, which is then transmitted to the main control module 102. The main control module 102 can then compare the ambient temperature change information with the change information of the monitored partial discharge signal, analyze their correlation, and determine whether the partial discharge signal is significantly affected by environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. Alternatively, the main control module 102 can also combine the ambient temperature information to more accurately determine partial discharge-related information and equipment failure information.

[0075] For example, a running transformer is monitored. The sensor of the temperature detection module 107 is installed near the transformer's casing or radiator. As the transformer load increases, partial discharge may increase, and its own heat generation will also intensify, causing the ambient temperature to rise. The temperature detection module 107 transmits the real-time collected temperature change data to the main control module 102. The main control module 102 combines the data from the partial discharge monitoring module 101 for comprehensive analysis. If abnormal partial discharge is detected and the temperature rise exceeds the normal range, it can more accurately determine that the transformer may have a fault, issue a timely warning, and arrange maintenance and inspection to prevent the fault from escalating.

[0076] In this embodiment, the added temperature detection module 107 can monitor the ambient temperature of the monitored equipment in real time. Combined with the partial discharge monitoring data, the main control module 102 can more accurately analyze the equipment status, warn of faults in advance, ensure equipment safety, reduce unplanned downtime, and improve operating efficiency.

[0077] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the partial discharge monitoring module 101 includes:

[0078] The first discharge monitoring unit 108 and the second discharge monitoring unit 109 .

[0079] The first discharge monitoring unit 108 and the second discharge monitoring unit 109 are both connected to the main control module 102 .

[0080] The first discharge monitoring unit 108 is configured to monitor partial discharge information of a first area, and the second discharge monitoring unit 109 is configured to monitor partial discharge information of a second area. The second area is an area on the monitored device other than the first area.

[0081] In this embodiment, the first discharge monitoring unit 108 and the second discharge monitoring unit 109 each perform partial discharge monitoring on different areas of the monitored equipment. Both units are connected to the main control module 102 and include multiple devices that transmit monitored data to the main control module 102 in real time. For example, when monitoring a large switchgear, the first discharge monitoring unit 108 can monitor the upper area of ​​the switchgear, including key areas such as the incoming line terminals. The second discharge monitoring unit 109 can monitor the lower area of ​​the switchgear, such as the outgoing line terminals.

[0082] For example, when the switchgear is operating, the first discharge monitoring unit 108 continuously monitors partial discharge information in the upper area. If abnormal discharge is detected, the data is immediately transmitted to the main control module 102. Simultaneously, the second discharge monitoring unit 109 also monitors the lower area. If the main control module 102 receives abnormal discharge data from both units, it can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the switchgear's discharge status, determine the possible location and severity of the fault, and promptly arrange targeted inspection and maintenance, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the switchgear and preventing major accidents.

[0083] In this embodiment, the main control module 102 can determine the number of points generating partial discharges based on the partial discharge data transmitted by the first discharge monitoring unit 108 and the second discharge monitoring unit 109. The main control module 102 can perform characteristic analysis of the partial discharge signal, such as phase distribution, amplitude characteristics, and frequency characteristics. For example, the main control module 102 can analyze the phase distribution of the partial discharge signal within the power frequency voltage cycle. If there are multiple independent phase distribution regions with similarities below a preset threshold, this indicates multiple discharges. If the phase distribution is relatively concentrated and has a single pattern, this indicates a single discharge. The amplitude distribution of multiple discharges is relatively dispersed, and the amplitudes of different discharge points vary greatly. In contrast, the amplitude of a single discharge is generally relatively concentrated.

[0084] For example, the main control module 102 may also compare the propagation time and arrival time difference of the partial discharge signals transmitted by multiple sensors. If there is a significant time difference and these time differences do not conform to the propagation law from the same discharge source, it means that multiple discharges exist.

[0085] As can be seen from the above, this embodiment achieves comprehensive monitoring of different areas of the monitored equipment, effectively improving the accuracy and coverage of partial discharge detection. By combining multi-source data, the main control module 102 can more accurately determine the location and severity of discharge points, providing strong support for equipment maintenance and ensuring safe and stable operation.

[0086] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the partial discharge monitoring module 101 further includes:

[0087] Timing module 110.

[0088] The timing module 110 is connected to the first discharge monitoring unit 108 , the second discharge monitoring unit 109 and the main control module 102 respectively.

[0089] The timing module 110 is configured to monitor the duration of partial discharge in the first area and the second area.

[0090] In this embodiment, the timing module 110 is connected to the first and second discharge monitoring units 109. When these units detect partial discharge in the first and second regions, the timing module 110 simultaneously starts timing. The timing module 110 accurately records the start and duration of the partial discharge in each region and transmits this time data to the main control module 102.

[0091] For example, in the monitoring of a power transformer, the first discharge monitoring module monitors the high-voltage winding area of ​​the transformer, and the second discharge monitoring unit 109 monitors the low-voltage winding area. When local discharge occurs in the high-voltage winding area, the timing module 110 starts timing. By receiving data from the timing module 110, the main control module 102 can understand how long the local discharge in the high-voltage winding area has lasted. If the discharge duration is short and then stops, it may be just a temporary abnormality. However, if the discharge duration is long and continuous, it may indicate a serious insulation problem. The same is true for monitoring the low-voltage winding area. By accurately grasping the discharge duration, it is helpful to more accurately assess the insulation status of the equipment and take corresponding maintenance measures in a timely manner.

[0092] like Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the switch module 103 includes: a transistor Q2, an optocoupler U3, a field effect transistor Q1 and a relay K1.

[0093] The base of the transistor Q2 is connected to the main control module 102 , the collector of the transistor Q2 is used to connect to the power supply VCC, and the emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to the first end of the optical coupler U3 .

[0094] The second end of the optocoupler U3 is used to connect to the power supply VDD, the third end of the optocoupler U3 is used to connect to the ground GND_11, and the fourth end of the optocoupler U3 is connected to the gate of the field effect transistor Q1.

[0095] The drain of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the third terminal of the relay K1 , and the source of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the ground GND.

[0096] The first end of the relay K1 is used to connect to the power supply VCC, the second end of the relay K1 is connected to the load monitoring module 105 , the fourth end of the relay K1 is connected to the main control module 102 , and the fifth end of the relay K1 is connected to the first early warning module 104 .

[0097] In this embodiment, the fourth terminal of relay K1 can be selectively connected to the second terminal or the fifth terminal of relay K1 via an operating contact. When the partial discharge monitoring system is operating, the operating contact of relay K1 is connected to the fifth terminal of relay K1 by default, that is, to the first early warning module 104. At this time, the main control module 102 is connected to the first early warning module 104. When the main control module 102 sends a control signal to the base of transistor Q2, if the signal is high, transistor Q2 is turned on. The turned-on transistor Q2 allows current to flow through the first terminal and emitter of optocoupler U3, thereby conducting the internal conduction of optocoupler U3. After optocoupler U3 is turned on, its fourth terminal outputs a signal to control the gate of field-effect transistor Q1. When the gate of field-effect transistor Q1 receives the conduction signal, field-effect transistor Q1 is turned on, and current flows from its drain to its source, causing relay K1 to be energized and operate.

[0098] After relay K1 is energized, the operating contact of relay K1 disconnects from the fifth terminal, i.e., disconnects from the first early warning module 104, and then connects to the second terminal of relay K1, i.e., to the load monitoring module 105. At this point, the main control module 102 is connected to the load monitoring module 105. After comprehensive analysis of the partial discharge data and load data, if the main control module 102 determines that a partial discharge signal is not a temporary discharge caused by a load change, it sends a low-level signal to the base of transistor Q2. Transistor Q2 is then turned off, which in turn turns off the optocoupler U3, the field-effect transistor Q1, and relay K1 is de-energized. At this point, the operating contact of relay K1 disconnects from the second terminal and connects to the fifth terminal, thus establishing a connection between the main control module 102 and the first early warning module 104, causing the first early warning module 104 to enter an operating state. Simultaneously, the main control module 102 can control the first early warning module 104 to issue an early warning.

[0099] For example, when an abnormality is detected, you can choose to keep the first early warning module 104 for real-time warning according to the type of abnormality, or choose to cut off the connection with the first early warning module 104 and activate the load monitoring module 105 for the next judgment. At this time, according to the further judgment results, you can choose to use the second early warning module 106 for warning, or cut off the connection with the load monitoring module 105 and activate the first early warning module 104 for warning.

[0100] As can be seen above, the switch module 103, through sophisticated circuit design, implements intelligent switching between the main control module 102, the load monitoring module 105, and the first warning module 104, improving system security and response speed. It also improves resource utilization, reduces energy consumption, and avoids the high power consumption caused by the two modules remaining in operation for a long time.

[0101] like Figure 2As shown, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the main control module 102 includes:

[0102] The first comparator unit 111 and the second comparator unit 112 .

[0103] The first comparator unit 111 is connected to the first discharge monitoring unit 108 and the timing module 110 respectively.

[0104] The second comparator unit 112 is connected to the second discharge monitoring unit 109 and the timing module 110 respectively.

[0105] In this embodiment, the main control module 102 further includes a control unit 113 .

[0106] The control unit 113 is connected to the first comparator unit 111, the second comparator unit 112 and the switch module 103 respectively.

[0107] In this embodiment, the first comparator unit 111 can obtain the partial discharge data of the first region monitored by the first discharge monitoring unit 108 and the partial discharge duration of the region recorded by the timing module 110, compare them with a preset standard, and transmit the comparison result to the control unit 113. The second comparator unit 112 receives the partial discharge data of the second region monitored by the second discharge monitoring unit 109 and the corresponding discharge duration, compares them with the preset standard, and outputs the result to the control unit 113.

[0108] The control unit 113 is connected to the first comparator unit 111 and the second comparator unit 112 respectively to receive their processing results. Based on these results, the control unit 113 makes a comprehensive judgment and sends a control signal to the switch module 103 to control the corresponding operation of the entire system.

[0109] For example, in monitoring power equipment in a factory, the first and second areas are different regions of a transformer. The first discharge monitoring unit 108 and the second discharge monitoring unit 109 monitor partial discharge conditions in these two areas, respectively. Each of the two discharge monitoring units is equipped with an ultrasonic sensor for partial discharge monitoring.

[0110] For example, when no partial discharge occurs, the partial discharge signal is 0, the time information stored in the timing module 110 is 0, the comparator outputs 0, and the control unit 113 receives a total of four 0 signals. In this case, the default connection state is maintained, namely, the first early warning module 104 is turned on and the load monitoring module 105 is turned off. The control unit 113 can generate a corresponding control signal based on the four received signals and send it to the switch module 103. For example, the four signals are the first signal, the second signal, the third signal, and the fourth signal. If the first signal and the second signal are 1 and 1 respectively, the main control module 102 sends a control signal to the switch module 103 to turn on the first early warning module 104, turn off the load monitoring module 105, and activate the first early warning module 104 to issue an early warning. If the first signal and the second signal are 0 and 0 respectively, the main control module 102 sends a control signal to the switch module 103 to turn on the first early warning module 104, turn off the load monitoring module 105, and not activate the first early warning module 104 to issue an early warning. If the first and second signals are 1 and 0, respectively, main control module 102 sends a control signal to switch module 103, disconnecting first warning module 104 and connecting load monitoring module 105 to monitor and analyze load information. Because timing begins only after a partial discharge occurs, the first and second signals will never be 0 or 1.

[0111] Exemplarily, when a local discharge signal greater than or equal to a first intensity threshold is detected in the first area, the first discharge monitoring unit 108 sends a start control signal to the timing module 110, and the timing module 110 starts timing. The timing is stopped when the local discharge signal disappears, or when the duration is greater than a preset time threshold, an end control signal is sent to the timing module 110, and the timing module 110 stops timing.

[0112] The first discharge monitoring unit 108 transmits the monitored partial discharge signal to the first comparator unit 111, and the timing module 110 sends the stored time data to the first comparator unit 111. The first comparator unit 111 may include two comparators. The two comparators compare the two signals. If the partial discharge signal strength is greater than or equal to a second strength threshold (the second strength threshold is greater than the first strength threshold), the output first signal is 1. If the partial discharge signal strength is less than the second strength threshold, the output first signal is 0.

[0113] At the same time, if the time data is greater than or equal to the preset time threshold, the output second signal is 1, and if the time data is less than the preset time threshold, the output second signal is 0.

[0114] Similarly, the second discharge monitoring unit 109 performs the above determination on the second region and outputs a third signal and a fourth signal respectively.

[0115] In this embodiment, when both the first and third signals are 1, the control unit 113 can determine whether the partial discharge is a single discharge or multiple discharges based on the partial discharge information collected by the first discharge monitoring unit 108 and the second discharge monitoring unit 109. If the partial discharge is multiple discharges, the first early warning module 104 is enabled and the load monitoring module 105 is disabled by default. If the partial discharge is a single discharge, the next step is to determine whether the partial discharge is caused by a fault or a load change. If the partial discharge is caused by a fault, the first early warning module 104 is enabled and the load monitoring module 105 is disabled. If the partial discharge is caused by a load change, the first early warning module 104 is enabled and the load monitoring module 105 is disabled, and the load information is monitored and analyzed.

[0116] This embodiment combines the first comparator unit 111, the second comparator unit 112, and the timing module 110 to achieve accurate monitoring and immediate response to partial discharge in power equipment. This embodiment can effectively distinguish discharge conditions in different areas and promptly initiate early warning or load monitoring, thereby improving the accuracy of partial discharge monitoring, enhancing the safety and maintenance efficiency of power equipment, and significantly reducing the potential risks caused by partial discharge.

[0117] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure, rather than to limit them. Although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A partial discharge monitoring system, characterized in that: include: Partial discharge monitoring module, main control module, first early warning module, switch module, load monitoring module and second early warning module; The main control module is connected to the partial discharge monitoring module and the switch module respectively; the switch module is also connected to the first early warning module; the main control module is configured to control the working state of the partial discharge monitoring module and the switching state of the switch module; the first early warning module is configured to issue an early warning for partial discharge caused by equipment failure; The load monitoring module is connected to the switch module and the second early warning module respectively; the switch module is configured to control the working status of the load monitoring module and the first early warning module; the second early warning module is configured to issue an early warning for partial discharge caused by load changes.

2. The partial discharge monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein: The load monitoring module includes: voltage transformer; The voltage transformer is connected to the switch module and the second early warning module respectively, and the voltage transformer is configured to collect the voltage value of the monitored device.

3. The partial discharge monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein: Also includes: Temperature detection module; The temperature detection module is connected to the main control module; the temperature detection module is configured to collect the ambient temperature of the monitored device.

4. The partial discharge monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein: The partial discharge monitoring module includes: a first discharge monitoring unit and a second discharge monitoring unit; The first discharge monitoring unit and the second discharge monitoring unit are both connected to the main control module; The first discharge monitoring unit is configured to monitor partial discharge information of a first area, and the second discharge monitoring unit is configured to monitor partial discharge information of a second area; the second area is an area on the monitored device other than the first area.

5. The partial discharge monitoring system according to claim 4, wherein: The partial discharge monitoring module also includes: Timing module; The timing module is connected to the first discharge monitoring unit, the second discharge monitoring unit and the main control module respectively; The timing module is configured to monitor the duration of partial discharge in the first area and the second area.

6. The partial discharge monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein: The switch module includes: Transistor Q2, optocoupler U3, field effect transistor Q1 and relay K1; The base of the transistor Q2 is connected to the main control module, the collector of the transistor Q2 is used to connect to the power supply VCC, and the emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to the first end of the optical coupler U3; The second end of the optocoupler U3 is used to connect to the power supply VDD, the third end of the optocoupler U3 is used to connect to the ground GND_11, and the fourth end of the optocoupler U3 is connected to the gate of the field effect transistor Q1; The drain of the field effect tube Q1 is connected to the third end of the relay K1, and the source of the field effect tube Q1 is used for grounding GND; The first end of the relay K1 is used to connect to the power supply VCC, the second end of the relay K1 is connected to the load monitoring module, the fourth end of the relay K1 is connected to the main control module, and the fifth end of the relay K1 is connected to the first early warning module.

7. The partial discharge monitoring system according to claim 5, wherein: The main control module includes: a first comparator unit and a second comparator unit; The first comparator unit is connected to the first discharge monitoring unit and the timing module respectively; The second comparator unit is connected to the second discharge monitoring unit and the timing module respectively.

8. The partial discharge monitoring system according to claim 7, wherein: The main control module also includes: control unit; The control unit is connected to the first comparator unit, the second comparator unit and the switch module respectively.

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