Glass antenna and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to a glass antenna and a vehicle. The glass antenna includes: a glass member; the first radiating body is arranged on one side of the glass piece, and a tuning gap is formed in the first radiating body so as to prolong a current path and adjust the resonant frequency of the first radiating body; the feed structure is arranged on one side, far away from the glass piece, of the first radiator so as to perform coupled feed on the first radiator; the feed structure comprises at least one feed sheet with a gap and at least one feed pin connected with the at least one feed sheet in a one-to-one correspondence manner. By adopting the scheme, the miniaturization of the antenna can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a glass antenna and a carrier. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development and improvement of vehicle functions, the types of hardware are increasing, the space occupied by various motherboard hardware is getting larger and larger, and the space left for antennas is becoming increasingly limited.

[0003] Therefore, how to achieve antenna miniaturization while ensuring antenna performance has become an urgent problem that needs to be solved. Utility Model Content

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a glass antenna and a carrier that can achieve antenna miniaturization in order to address the above technical problems.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a glass antenna, which includes: a glass piece; a first radiator, which is arranged on one side of the glass piece and has a tuning gap on the first radiator to extend the current path and adjust the resonant frequency of the first radiator; a feeding structure, which is arranged on a side of the first radiator away from the glass piece to couple and feed the first radiator; the feeding structure includes at least one feeding plate with a notch and at least one feeding needle connected to the at least one feeding plate in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0006] In one embodiment, the glass antenna further includes a second radiator and a plurality of connecting branches; the second radiator surrounds the outside of the first radiator, and the second radiator and the first radiator are coplanar; the connecting branches are connected between the first radiator and the second radiator, and the plurality of connecting branches are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the first radiator.

[0007] In one embodiment, the glass antenna further comprises: a guide ring, the guide ring being arranged on a side of the glass member away from the first radiator, and the outer contour of the orthographic projection of the guide ring on the glass member is located outside the outer contour of the orthographic projection of the first radiator on the glass member; and / or,

[0008] The parasitic ring and the first radiator are arranged on the same side of the glass member.

[0009] In one embodiment, the distance between the plane where the parasitic ring is located and the plane where the first radiator is located is less than or equal to the distance between the plane where the guide ring is located and the plane where the first radiator is located.

[0010] The distance between the plane where the parasitic ring is located and the plane where the first radiator is located is smaller than the distance between the plane where the guide ring is located and the plane where the first radiator is located.

[0011] In one embodiment, the second radiator includes a plurality of staggered branches; each staggered branch includes at least two first tuning branches with different widths, and the plurality of staggered branches are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the first radiator.

[0012] In one embodiment, the width difference between the two first tuning branches with different widths is 0.0033-0.01 first reference wavelength, where the first reference wavelength is an operating wavelength corresponding to the central operating frequency of the second radiator.

[0013] In one embodiment, the distance between the plane where the tuning slot is located and the plane where the feeding plate is located is 0.01-0.05 second reference wavelength, where the second reference wavelength is the operating wavelength corresponding to the central operating frequency of the first radiator.

[0014] In one embodiment, the first radiator includes a plate-shaped radiating element and a plurality of second tuning branches connected to the outer side of the plate-shaped radiating element, and the plurality of second tuning branches are symmetrical with respect to the center of the plate-shaped radiating element.

[0015] In one embodiment, the glass antenna further includes a PCB board and at least one first supporting structure; the at least one first supporting structure corresponds one-to-one to at least one feeding plate; one end of the first supporting structure is connected to the PCB board, and the second end of the first supporting structure is connected to the corresponding feeding plate.

[0016] In one embodiment, the glass antenna further includes a metal frame, a reflector, a metal cover, at least one second support structure and an active circuit; the glass member, the metal frame and the reflector form a reflective cavity, and the first radiator, the PCB board and the feeding structure are all located in the reflective cavity; the metal cover is located at an end of the metal frame away from the glass member and is fixed to the metal frame to form a shielding cavity for accommodating the first radiator, the PCB board, the feeding structure, the reflector, each first support structure, each second support structure and the active circuit; one end of each second support structure is connected to the PCB board, and the other end of each second support structure is connected to the metal cover.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a vehicle comprising the glass antenna described in any one of the first aspects above.

[0018] The above-mentioned glass antenna includes a glass member, a first radiator, and a feeding structure; the first radiator is arranged on one side of the glass member, and a tuning slot is provided on the first radiator to extend the current path and adjust the resonant frequency of the first radiator; the feeding structure is arranged on the side of the first radiator away from the glass member to couple and feed the first radiator; the feeding structure includes at least one feeding plate with a notch and at least one feeding pin connected to the at least one feeding plate in a one-to-one correspondence. Since the first radiator is arranged on the glass member, it is not easily affected by interference from the body sheet metal and other active devices, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the impact of the environment on the antenna performance. The tuning slot is provided on the first radiator to extend the current path of the first radiator, achieving the purpose of extending the current path without increasing the size of the radiator. Therefore, the miniaturization of the antenna is achieved by providing the tuning slot on the first radiator. In addition, by providing a notch on the feeding plate in the feeding structure, the impedance matching is optimized, thereby expanding the bandwidth of the antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or related technologies, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application or related technical descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 is an exploded schematic diagram of a glass antenna according to one embodiment;

[0021] Figure 2 is a top view of a glass antenna according to one embodiment;

[0022] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of interlaced branches in one embodiment;

[0023] Figure 4 is a top view of a glass antenna in another embodiment;

[0024] Figure 5 FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of tuning slots in one embodiment;

[0025] Figure 6 FIG2 is a second schematic diagram of an arrangement of tuning slots in one embodiment;

[0026] Figure 7 FIG3 is a third schematic diagram of an arrangement of tuning slots in one embodiment;

[0027] Figure 8 FIG4 is a fourth schematic diagram of an arrangement of tuning slots in one embodiment;

[0028] Figure 9 is an exploded schematic diagram of a glass antenna in another embodiment;

[0029] Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a first supporting structure in one embodiment;

[0030] Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of a glass antenna according to one embodiment;

[0031] Figure 12 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a glass antenna in one embodiment;

[0032] Figure 13 is a top view of a glass antenna in another embodiment;

[0033] Figure 14 is the passive radiation pattern of the antenna when the operating frequency is 1.575 GHz;

[0034] Figure 15 This is the axial ratio curve of the antenna when the operating frequency is 1.575GHz;

[0035] Figure 16 is the passive radiation pattern of the antenna when the operating frequency is 1.176 GHz;

[0036] Figure 17 This is the axial ratio curve of the antenna when the operating frequency is 1.176 GHz.

[0037] Description of reference numerals:

[0038] 101-Glass pieces;

[0039] 102-first radiator, 102a-tuning slot, 102b-sheet radiating unit, 102c-second tuning branch;

[0040] 103-feeding structure, 103a-feeding plate, 103b-feeding needle, P-notch;

[0041] 201-second radiator, 201a-first tuning branch, 202-connecting branch;

[0042] 601-guide ring, 602-parasitic ring; 701-PCB board, 702-first supporting structure;

[0043] 801 - metal frame, 802 - reflective plate, 803 - metal cover, 804 - second supporting structure, 805 - active circuit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, the following further describes this application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0045] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application pertains. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit this application.

[0046] It will be understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., used herein may be used to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish a first element from another element. For example, a first resistor may be referred to as a second resistor, and similarly, a second resistor may be referred to as a first resistor without departing from the scope of this application. The first resistor and the second resistor are both resistors, but they are not the same resistor.

[0047] It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an intermediate element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.

[0048] In the description of this application, it should be understood that "electrical connection" in this application can be understood as physical contact and electrical conduction between components; it can also be understood as the connection between different components in a circuit structure through physical lines such as printed circuit board (PCB) copper foil or wires that can transmit electrical signals. "Coupling" can be understood as electrical conduction through space through indirect coupling. Persons skilled in the art will understand that coupling refers to the close coordination and mutual influence between the inputs and outputs of two or more circuit elements or electrical networks, and the transmission of energy from one side to the other through this interaction.

[0049] As in-vehicle functions continue to evolve and improve, the variety of hardware is increasing, and the space occupied by various motherboard hardware is also increasing, leaving less and less space for antennas. Therefore, how to achieve antenna miniaturization while maintaining antenna performance has become an urgent problem that needs to be solved.

[0050] Based on this, it is necessary to propose effective technical means to solve the above-mentioned problems. The following specific embodiments are used to describe in detail the technical solution of the present application and how the technical solution of the present application solves the above-mentioned technical problems. In addition, the following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments.

[0051] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 1 , an exploded view of a glass antenna is provided. The glass antenna includes: a glass member 101; a first radiator 102 disposed on one side of the glass member 101 and having a tuning slot 102a defined therein to extend the current path and adjust the resonant frequency of the first radiator 102; a feeding structure 103 disposed on a side of the first radiator 102 away from the glass member 101 to couple and feed the first radiator 102; the feeding structure 103 includes at least one feeding plate 103a having a notch P and at least one feeding pin 103b connected to the at least one feeding plate 103a in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0052] The glass element 101 can be a vehicle's sunroof, front windshield, rear windshield, or side window. The glass element 101 can be laminated glass, comprising a first glass element, an intermediate layer, and a second glass element stacked sequentially, or it can be single-layer glass. When the glass element 101 is laminated glass, the thickness of the first and second glass elements can both be designed to be approximately 2.1 mm, and the thickness of the intermediate layer can be designed to be approximately 0.76 mm. This minimizes the impact of the glass element 101 on the first radiator 102. When the glass element 101 is single-layer glass, the thickness is approximately 4 mm, which reduces the impact of the glass element 101 on the first radiator 102. Single-layer glass is used to manufacture glass antennas because it is less expensive than laminated glass. For OEMs, this reduces the need for a component, improving production efficiency.

[0053] In the following example, glass member 101 is a single-layer glass. First radiator 102 is disposed on one side of glass member 101. First radiator 102 has a multi-branch structure to expand the antenna's bandwidth. In one implementation, first radiator 102 includes a sheet-shaped radiating element 102b and a plurality of second tuning branches 102c connected to the outer side of the sheet-shaped radiating element. Tuning slots 102a are defined in sheet-shaped radiating element 102b.

[0054] The shape of the sheet-shaped radiation unit 102b can be circular, elliptical, or polygonal (such as rectangular), etc. Preferably, the first radiator 102 is best to use a circular sheet-shaped radiation unit 102b, which can improve the omnidirectional radiation performance of the antenna.

[0055] Each second tuning branch 102c includes a comb-shaped tuning branch with multiple racks. The width of each rack in the comb-shaped tuning branch can be the same or different, but the spacing between the racks needs to be different to further expand the bandwidth of the antenna. Preferably, the multiple second tuning branches 102c are symmetrical with respect to the center of the sheet-shaped radiation unit 102b, such as Figure 1 shown.

[0056] The first radiator 102 can be prepared in a variety of ways. In one example, a metal layer is printed on one side of the glass member 101, and a predetermined pattern is etched into the metal layer to simultaneously form the tuning slot 102a, the sheet-shaped radiating element 102b, and the second tuning branch 102c. The metal layer can be silver paste, copper, or aluminum. In another example, a predetermined pattern is etched into a copper foil patch to simultaneously form the tuning slot 102a, the sheet-shaped radiating element 102b, and the second tuning branch 102c. The etched copper foil patch is then affixed to one side of the glass member 101.

[0057] The feeding structure 103 is used to couple and feed the first radiator 102. In one conceivable embodiment, the feeding structure 103 includes a plurality of feeding plates 103a having notches P and feed pins 103b connected to the plurality of feeding plates 103a in a one-to-one correspondence. The feeding plates 103a can be circular, elliptical, or polygonal (e.g., rectangular) with notches P. Preferably, the feeding plates 103a are circular with notches P; the notches P can be polygonal (e.g., rectangular), circular, elliptical, fan-shaped, semicircular, or other deformed shapes. The number of notches P on the feeding plate 103a can be one or more. Preferably, the number of notches P on the feeding plate 103a is multiple, and the plurality of notches P are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the feeding plate 103a.

[0058] The plurality of feeding plates 103a are arranged on a side of the first radiator 102 away from the glass member 101, and the plurality of feeding plates 103a are arranged within the orthographic projection area of ​​the first radiator 102 on the glass member 101. The sizes of the plurality of feeding plates 103a can be the same or different, and the arrangement of the plurality of feeding plates 103a can be annular, such as Figure 1 As shown, they may also be arranged in a straight line, etc., and the size and arrangement of the feeding plate 103a are not limited here.

[0059] For the multiple feeding plates 103a distributed in a ring shape, the feeding signals fed into each feeding plate 103a have the same amplitude and different phases, and the feeding signals fed into two adjacent feeding plates 103a in the ring direction have a phase difference of 90°, so as to realize a circularly polarized antenna and ensure the stability of the antenna phase center.

[0060] A capacitor is formed between each feeding plate 103a and the first radiator 102. Under the excitation of the active circuit, each feeding plate 103a is first directly capacitively coupled with the first radiator 102 to transmit energy. Then, the transmitted energy is coupled to the first radiator 102 again through the tuning slot 102a. The two energies are continuously circulated, further improving the bandwidth of the antenna.

[0061] The number of tuning slots 102a can be one or more and can be flexibly set as needed. The tuning slots 102a can extend the current path, thereby facilitating a miniaturized antenna design. Furthermore, by controlling the distance between the feed plate 103a and the glass member 101 and the length of the tuning slots 102a, the glass member 101 can be tuned, thereby adjusting the resonant frequency of the first radiator 102.

[0062] The glass antenna includes a glass member 101; a first radiator 102, the first radiator 102 being disposed on one side of the glass member 101 and having a tuning slot 102a therein for extending the current path and adjusting the resonant frequency of the first radiator 102; a feeding structure 103, the feeding structure 103 being disposed on a side of the first radiator 102 away from the glass member 101 for coupling and feeding the first radiator 102; the feeding structure 103 including at least one feeding plate 103a having a notch P and at least one feeding pin 103b connected to the at least one feeding plate 103a in a one-to-one correspondence. Since the first radiator 102 is arranged on the glass part 101, it is not easily interfered with by the body sheet metal and other active devices, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the impact of the environment on the antenna performance. The tuning slot 102a is opened on the first radiator 102, which extends the current path of the first radiator 102, thereby achieving the purpose of extending the current path without increasing the size of the radiator. Therefore, the miniaturization of the antenna is achieved by opening the tuning slot 102a on the first radiator 102.

[0063] Furthermore, by providing a notch P on the feed plate 103a in the feed structure 103 to optimize impedance matching and construct appropriate equivalent capacitance and inductance, the antenna's bandwidth can be expanded and the capacitively coupled feed energy can be adjusted. Furthermore, by controlling the size and position of the notch P, the antenna's resonant frequency and gain at that frequency point can be controlled. The notch P on the feed plate 103a and the tuning slot 102a on the first radiator 102 form a double-slot coupling. To ensure the antenna's radiation performance, the distance between the plane containing the tuning slot 102a and the plane containing the feed plate 103a must be 0.01-0.05 of a second reference wavelength (high-frequency operating wavelength). The second reference wavelength is the operating wavelength corresponding to the center operating frequency of the first radiator 102.

[0064] In addition, the coupled feeding method avoids the structural complexity caused by the direct feeding method of traditional antennas, which requires metallized vias, directly improves the efficiency of mass production, and ensures that the original performance of the glass is not damaged.

[0065] In one embodiment, Figure 2 FIG2 shows a top view of a glass antenna, which further includes a second radiator 201 and multiple connecting branches 202. The second radiator 201 surrounds the outside of the first radiator 102 and is coplanar with the first radiator 102. A gap may or may not exist between the second radiator 201 and the first radiator 102. The multiple connecting branches 202 connect the first radiator 102 and the second radiator 201, and are symmetrically distributed with respect to the center of the first radiator 102.

[0066] Among them, the first radiator 102 is a high-frequency radiator, and the second radiator 201 is a low-frequency radiator. For example, the operating frequency band of the first radiator 102 is the L1 band (1.559 GHz-1.606 GHz), and the operating frequency band of the second radiator 201 is the L5 band (1.164 GHz-1.189 GHz) to support GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), GPS (Global Positioning System), BDS (Beidou Navigation Satellite System), Galileo navigation system, and GLONASS (Global 'naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema).

[0067] The second radiator 201 is a multi-branch structure to expand the bandwidth of the antenna and achieve coverage of multiple navigation systems. In one achievable manner, the second radiator 201 includes a plurality of staggered branches; each staggered branch includes at least two first tuning branches 201a with different widths, such as Figure 3As shown, multiple staggered branches are symmetrically distributed about the center of the first radiator 102, and two adjacent staggered branches are interconnected to form a second radiator 201 surrounding the outside of the first radiator 102. The width of each first tuning branch 201a refers to the length of the first tuning branch 201a in the direction from the center of the first radiator 102 toward the first tuning branch 201a. Preferably, the width difference between two first tuning branches 201a of different widths is 0.0033-0.01 first reference wavelengths (also called low-frequency operating wavelengths), where the first reference wavelength is the operating wavelength corresponding to the central operating frequency of the second radiator 201. Figure 2 In the example, each staggered branch includes two first tuning branches 201 a with different widths, and the second radiator 201 includes four staggered branches.

[0068] The shape of each first tuning branch 201a can be an arc-shaped or comb-shaped tuning branch with racks.

[0069] Multiple connecting branches 202 are connected between the first radiator 102 and the second radiator 201, thereby electrically connecting the first radiator 102 and the second radiator 201 to enhance dual-frequency radiation. The size and placement of the connecting branches 202 also affect the resonant frequency of the first radiator 102 and the second radiator 201, thus the connecting branches 202 also have a tuning effect.

[0070] There are various ways to prepare the second radiator 201. In one example, a metal layer is printed on one surface of the glass member 101, and a predetermined pattern is etched into the metal layer to simultaneously form a plurality of interlaced branches, a plurality of connecting branches 202, and the first radiator 102. In another example, a predetermined pattern is etched into a copper foil patch to simultaneously form a plurality of interlaced branches, a plurality of connecting branches 202, and the first radiator 102. The etched copper foil patch is then affixed to one surface of the glass member 101.

[0071] In this embodiment, the glass antenna includes a second radiator 201 operating in a different frequency band than the first radiator 102, enabling the antenna to meet dual-frequency coverage requirements. Compared to single-frequency antennas, dual-frequency antennas can utilize different carrier phases to mitigate the effects of the ionosphere and support collaborative positioning by multiple navigation systems, thereby improving the positioning accuracy of the entire navigation system. Furthermore, both the first radiator 102 and the second radiator 201 have a multi-branch structure, further extending the current path and achieving antenna miniaturization.

[0072] In one embodiment, there are multiple tuning slots 102 a , and the multiple tuning slots 102 a are distributed in a ring shape.

[0073] The number of tuning slots 102a can be determined according to the number of feeding plates 103a in the feeding structure 103. For example, the number of tuning slots 102a and the number of feeding plates 103a are multiples of each other, or the number of tuning slots 102a is equal to the number of feeding plates 103a.

[0074] The shape of the tuning slot 102a can be an arc (including a semicircular ring, a U-shape, and a C-shape, etc.), or a T-shape, or a deformation of the T-shape, or a leaf shape, or an S-shape, or a polygon (including a triangle, a rectangle, a trapezoid, and an octagon, etc.), etc. It can be designed as needed. The shape of the tuning slot 102a is not limited here, as long as the multiple tuning slots 102a are distributed in a ring array and there is a gap between the orthographic projection of each tuning slot 102a on the glass member 101 and the orthographic projection of the feeding structure 103 on the glass member 101. There is a gap between the orthographic projection of each tuning slot 102a on the glass member 101 and the orthographic projection of the feeding structure 103 on the glass member 101, which means that there is a gap between the orthographic projection of each tuning slot 102a on the glass member 101 and the orthographic projection of each feeding plate 103a in the feeding structure 103 on the glass member 101. In this way, the design of non-intersection between the orthographic projection of the tuning slot 102a and the orthographic projection of each feeding plate 103a can avoid the tuning slot 102a affecting the impedance matching of the antenna.

[0075] In one achievable manner, when the tuning slot 102a is in an arc shape, in one example, the inner arc side of each tuning slot 102 is close to the center position of the first radiator 102, and the outer arc side of each tuning slot 102 is close to the edge of the first radiator 102, such as Figure 1 In another example, when the tuning slot 102a is in an arc shape, the inner arc side of the tuning slot 102 is arranged toward the outer arc side of another adjacent tuning slot 102a, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 shown.

[0076] When the tuning slot 102a is T-shaped or a variation of the T-shape, the tuning slot 102a includes a first slot P1 and a second slot P2 that are interconnected. In one example, the first slot P1 is disposed near an edge of the first radiator 102, and the second slot P2 is disposed near the center of the first radiator 102. Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 Figure (a) shows a T-type tuning gap 102a. Figure 5 Figures (b), (c) and (d) are respectively deformations of the T-shaped tuning slot 102a. In another example, the first slot P1 is arranged toward the second slot P2 of another adjacent tuning slot 102a, as shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown, it can be seen as Figure 5The tuning gap 102a in the image is rotated by a certain angle, where: Figure 6 Figures (a), (b), (c) and (d) correspond to Figure 5 Figures (a), (b), (c) and (d) in the figure.

[0077] The tuning slot 102a is shaped like a leaf, which means that the tuning slot 102a is composed of a plurality of interlaced slot branches, and the specific type of the leaf is not limited. In one example, the tuning slot 102a includes a third slot P3, a fourth slot P4, and a fifth slot P5 that are interconnected. The third slot P3 and the fourth slot P4 are both arranged near the center of the fifth slot P5, and the third slot P3 and the fourth slot P4 are located on different sides of the fifth slot P5. The fourth slot P4 is arranged toward the third slot P3 of another adjacent tuning slot 102a, as shown in FIG. Figure 7 In another example, the tuning slot 102a includes a sixth slot P6 and a seventh slot P7, an eighth slot P8, and a ninth slot P9 that are interconnected through the sixth slot P6. The seventh slot P7 and the eighth slot P8 are arranged on the same side of the sixth slot P6, and the ninth slot P9 is arranged on the other side of the sixth slot P6. The seventh slot P7 and the eighth slot P8 are arranged near the edge of the first radiator 102, and the ninth slot P9 is arranged near the center of the first radiator 102. Figure 7 As shown in Figure (b).

[0078] When the shape of the tuning slot 102 is S-shaped, the tuning slot 102 can be similar to Figure 4 The arrangement of the arc gap is set, such as Figure 8 As shown in Figure (a), of course, it can also be a class Figure 1 The arrangement of the arc gap is set, such as Figure 8 As shown in Figure (b).

[0079] When the shape of the tuning slot 102a is polygonal, taking a rectangle as an example, the tuning slot 102a can be similar to Figure 4 The arrangement of the arc gap can also be similar to Figure 1 The arrangement of the middle arc gap is set.

[0080] In this embodiment, the shape of the tuning slot 102a is arc-shaped and Figure 1 When the arrangement is arranged in the middle, it has a low-frequency choke effect; the shape of the tuning slot 102a is arc-shaped, and Figure 4 When the arrangement is arranged in the row, it has a high-frequency choke effect; the shape of the tuning slot 102a is T-shaped, or a deformation of the T-shape, or a leaf shape, or an S shape, and is Figure 5-Figure 8When any of the arrangements is set, it has high-frequency choke and low-frequency choke effects; when the shape of the tuning slot 102a is polygonal, high-frequency choke and / or low-frequency choke effects can be achieved according to its specific shape and arrangement.

[0081] In one embodiment, Figure 9 As shown, an exploded schematic diagram of another glass antenna is provided, wherein the glass antenna further includes a guide ring 601, which is arranged on a side of the glass piece 101 away from the first radiator 102, and the outer contour of the orthographic projection of the guide ring 601 on the glass piece 101 is located outside the outer contour of the orthographic projection of the first radiator 102 on the glass piece 101.

[0082] The guide ring 601 is in the shape of a circle, an ellipse, or a polygon (such as a rectangle), etc. The orthographic projection of the guide ring 601 on the glass 101 is also located outside the orthographic projection of the second radiator 201 on the glass 101 .

[0083] In this embodiment, the guide ring 601 can serve as a guide. The guide ring 601 is arranged on the side of the glass member 101 away from the first radiator 102, realizing the principle of unidirectional superposition of electromagnetic waves to achieve the purpose of improving the gain of the antenna.

[0084] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 9 As shown, the glass antenna further includes a parasitic loop 602, which is disposed on the same side of the glass member 101 as the first radiator 102. A first distance R1 is defined between the surface of the parasitic loop 602 facing away from the glass member 101 and the glass member 101, while a second distance R2 is defined between the surface of the first radiator 102 facing away from the glass member 101 and the glass member 101. The first distance R1 and the second distance R2 may be equal or unequal.

[0085] If the first distance R1 is equal to the second distance R2, the parasitic loop 602 is coplanar with the first radiator 102. In the case where the glass antenna includes the second radiator 201, the parasitic loop 602 can surround the outside of the second radiator 201. There may or may not be a gap between the parasitic loop 602 and the second radiator 201. Figure 9 In the example, a gap is provided between the parasitic ring 602 and the second radiator 201 .

[0086] If the first distance R1 and the second distance R2 are not equal, that is, the parasitic ring 602 and the first radiator 102 are not arranged coplanarly, in this case, the distance between the plane where the parasitic ring 602 is located and the plane where the first radiator 102 is located needs to be less than or equal to the distance between the plane where the guide ring 601 is located and the plane where the first radiator 102 is located; and the outer contour of the orthographic projection of the parasitic ring 602 on the plane where the second radiator 201 is located is located on the periphery of the second radiator 201.

[0087] The projection relationship between the guide ring 601 and the parasitic ring 602 can be in various situations, and the projection relationship between the guide ring 601 and the parasitic ring 602 is not limited here. The projection relationship between the guide ring 601 and the parasitic ring 602 can be: (1) the outer contour of the orthographic projection of the guide ring 601 on the glass member 101 is located outside the outer contour of the orthographic projection of the parasitic ring 602 on the glass member 101; (2) the outer contour of the orthographic projection of the parasitic ring 602 on the glass member 101 is located outside the outer contour of the orthographic projection of the guide ring 601 on the glass member 101.

[0088] In this embodiment, the parasitic ring 602 is in the shape of a circular ring, an elliptical ring, or a polygonal ring (such as a rectangular ring). Regardless of whether the first distance R1 and the second distance R2 are equal, the parasitic ring 602 surrounds the outside of the second radiator 201. By enhancing the lateral radiation energy of the antenna, the antenna lobe can be expanded.

[0089] In one embodiment, Figure 10 As shown, a structural schematic diagram of a first supporting structure is provided; the glass antenna also includes a PCB board 701 and at least one first supporting structure 702; at least one first supporting structure 702 corresponds to at least one feeding plate 103a; one end of the first supporting structure 702 is connected to the PCB board 701, and the second end of the first supporting structure 702 is connected to the corresponding feeding plate 103a.

[0090] The PCB 701 is disposed on the side of the first radiator 102 away from the glass member 101. Each first support structure 701 supports a corresponding feed plate 103a. Each first support structure 701 is made of an insulating material. Optionally, each first support structure 701 is an insulating elastic support member. The first support structure 701 is a columnar structure, such as a frustum.

[0091] In this embodiment, the feeding plate 103 a is fixed by the first supporting structure 702 , thereby improving the reliability of the glass antenna.

[0092] In one embodiment, Figure 11As shown, a cross-sectional view of a glass antenna is provided, which further includes a metal frame 801, a reflector 802, a metal cover 803, at least one second support structure 804, and an active circuit 805; the glass member 101, the metal frame 801, and the reflector 802 form a reflective cavity, in which the first radiator 102, the PCB board 701, and the feeding structure 103 are all located; the metal cover 803 is located at an end of the metal frame 801 away from the glass member 101 and is fixed to the metal frame 801, forming a shielding cavity that accommodates the first radiator 102, the PCB board 701, the feeding structure 103, the reflector 802, each first support structure 702, each second support structure 804, and the active circuit 805; one end of each second support structure 804 is connected to the PCB board 701, and the other end of each second support structure 804 is connected to the metal cover 803.

[0093] The metal frame 801 can be in a polygonal (e.g., rectangular), circular, or elliptical shape. It is positioned on one side of the glass member 101 and affixed to the glass using adhesive or double-sided tape. This prevents direct contact between the metal frame 801 and the glass, which could affect the glass's adhesion and cause cracking, thereby improving the reliability of the glass antenna.

[0094] The second radiator 201 is located in the shielding cavity; the parasitic ring 602 may be located in the shielding cavity or not.

[0095] The reflector 802 is fixed to the area enclosed by the metal frame 801 by screws, and forms a reflective cavity with the metal frame 801 and the glass member 101 .

[0096] Each second support structure 804 is a support member for supporting the PCB board 701. Each second support structure 804 is made of an insulating material. Optionally, each second support structure 804 is an elastic support member with insulating properties. The second support structure 804 is a columnar body.

[0097] The active circuit 805 is disposed in the space formed between the metal cover 803 and the reflector 802 , and is connected to the reflector 802 .

[0098] In this embodiment, the active circuit 805 is located within the shielded cavity, improving the antenna's anti-interference capabilities. Combined with the positional relationship between the first radiator 102 and the reflector 802, this widens the antenna's axial ratio angle, optimizing the antenna's circular polarization characteristics at low elevation angles. The second support structure 804 secures the PCB 701, further improving the reliability of the glass antenna.

[0099] above Figure 11 The three-dimensional schematic diagram of the glass antenna is shown in FIG. Figure 12 As shown, the top view is Figure 13 As shown, in order to reduce Figure 12 and Figure 13 The complexity of Figure 12 and Figure 13 The PCB board 701, the second supporting structure 804 and the metal cover 803 are not shown, and only a bottom surface of the first supporting structure 702 is shown.

[0100] based on Figure 11 The glass antenna in the figure is optimized by simulation software, and the maximum size of the glass antenna can be 75mm×75mm×10mm. Figure 11 The glass antenna in the simulation is simulated, and the relevant results are shown in Figure 14-17 ,in, Figure 14 is the passive radiation pattern of the antenna when the operating frequency is 1.575 GHz; Figure 15 This is the axial ratio curve of the antenna when the operating frequency is 1.575GHz; Figure 16 is the passive radiation pattern of the antenna when the operating frequency is 1.176 GHz; Figure 17 This is the axial ratio curve of the antenna when the operating frequency is 1.176 GHz.

[0101] based on Figure 14 It can be seen that when the antenna's operating frequency is 1.575GHz, the -3dB lobe width of the antenna can reach 92°. The wide lobe width of the antenna is beneficial for ensuring satellite search at low elevation angles, and the front-to-back lobe width ratio of the antenna is better than 20dB, which is better than traditional vehicle-mounted antennas. It can improve the antenna's multipath anti-interference capability and thus improve the antenna's positioning accuracy. Figure 15 It can be seen that when the antenna's operating frequency is 1.575 GHz, the axial ratio angle close to 3 dB can reach ±80°, which is conducive to tracking low-elevation-angle satellites, thereby ensuring accurate positioning of the vehicle even when going uphill.

[0102] based on Figure 16 It can be seen that when the antenna's operating frequency is 1.176 GHZ, the antenna's -3dB beamwidth can reach 96°. The antenna's wide beamwidth is beneficial for ensuring satellite search at low elevation angles. Figure 17 It can be seen that when the antenna's operating frequency is 1.176 GHz, the axial ratio angle close to 3 dB can reach ±85°, and the circular polarization characteristics at low elevation angles are good, which is conducive to ensuring good reception signals when the vehicle is going uphill.

[0103] In an exemplary embodiment, the present application also provides a vehicle comprising the glass antenna described in any one of the above-mentioned glass antenna embodiments.

[0104] Among them, the means of transport may include road vehicles, water vehicles, air vehicles, industrial equipment, agricultural equipment, or entertainment equipment, etc. For example, the means of transport may be a vehicle, which is a vehicle in a broad sense and may be a means of transport (such as a commercial vehicle, a passenger car, a motorcycle, a flying car, a train, etc.), an industrial vehicle (such as a forklift, a trailer, a tractor, etc.), an engineering vehicle (such as an excavator, a bulldozer, a crane, etc.), agricultural equipment (such as a lawn mower, a harvester, etc.), amusement equipment, a toy vehicle, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the type of vehicle. For another example, the means of transport may be a vehicle such as an airplane or a ship.

[0105] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this application.

[0106] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, and these modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A glass antenna, characterized in that: The glass antenna comprises: Glass pieces; a first radiator, the first radiator being disposed on one side of the glass member and having a tuning slot formed thereon to extend a current path and adjust a resonant frequency of the first radiator; A feeding structure is provided on a side of the first radiator away from the glass member to couple and feed the first radiator; the feeding structure comprises at least one feeding plate with a notch and at least one feeding needle connected to the at least one feeding plate in a one-to-one correspondence.

2. The glass antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The glass antenna further includes a second radiator and a plurality of connecting branches; The second radiator surrounds the outer side of the first radiator, and the second radiator and the first radiator are coplanar; The connecting branches are connected between the first radiator and the second radiator, and the connecting branches are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the first radiator.

3. The glass antenna according to claim 2, wherein: The glass antenna further comprises: a guide ring, the guide ring being arranged on a side of the glass member away from the first radiator, and the outer contour of the orthographic projection of the guide ring on the glass member is located outside the outer contour of the orthographic projection of the first radiator on the glass member; and / or, A parasitic ring is arranged on the same side of the glass member as the first radiator.

4. The glass antenna according to claim 3, wherein: The distance between the plane where the parasitic ring is located and the plane where the first radiator is located is less than or equal to the distance between the plane where the guide ring is located and the plane where the first radiator is located.

5. The glass antenna according to claim 2, wherein: The second radiator includes a plurality of staggered branches; each of the staggered branches includes at least two first tuning branches with different widths, and the plurality of staggered branches are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the first radiator.

6. The glass antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that The width difference between the two first tuning branches with different widths is 0.0033-0.01 first reference wavelengths, where the first reference wavelength is an operating wavelength corresponding to the central operating frequency of the second radiator.

7. The glass antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The distance between the plane where the tuning slot is located and the plane where the feeding plate is located is 0.01-0.05 second reference wavelengths, where the second reference wavelength is an operating wavelength corresponding to the central operating frequency of the first radiator.

8. The glass antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The first radiator includes a sheet-shaped radiating unit and a plurality of second tuning branches connected to the outside of the sheet-shaped radiating unit, and the plurality of second tuning branches are symmetrical with respect to the center of the sheet-shaped radiating unit.

9. The glass antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The glass antenna further includes a PCB board and at least one first supporting structure; the at least one first supporting structure corresponds to the at least one feeding plate in a one-to-one manner; One end of the first supporting structure is connected to the PCB board, and a second end of the first supporting structure is connected to the corresponding feeding plate.

10. The glass antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that The glass antenna further comprises a metal frame, a reflector, a metal cover, at least one second support structure and an active circuit; The glass member, the metal frame and the reflective plate form a reflective cavity, and the first radiator, the PCB board and the feeding structure are all located in the reflective cavity; The metal cover is located at one end of the metal frame away from the glass member and is fixed to the metal frame to form a shielding cavity for accommodating the first radiator, the PCB board, the feeding structure, the reflector, each first supporting structure, each second supporting structure, and the active circuit; One end of each second supporting structure is connected to the PCB board, and the other end of each second supporting structure is connected to the metal cover.

11. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle comprises the glass antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

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